class Slip | Raku Documentation

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href="/RakuDocumentation.epub" download>RakuDocumentation.epub</a> is a work in progress e-book. It targets the <a href="https://www.w3.org/publishing/epub3/">EPUB v3 specification</a>. It needs testing on a variety of ereaders (some of which may still implicitly expect compliance with EPUB v2). The CSS definitely needs enhancing (especially for code snippets). 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<span class="highlite-COMMENT"># OUTPUT: «a|A|b|B|c|C␤» </span></pre> </div> </div> <p>In contrast, when returning an ordinary List, the resulting list is nested:</p> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights"><span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> <a b c>.<span class="highlite-ROUTINE">map</span>({ <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$_</span><span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$_</span>.<span class="highlite-ROUTINE">uc</span> }).<span class="highlite-ROUTINE">join</span>(<span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">'</span><span class="highlite-STRING">|</span><span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">'</span>); <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># OUTPUT: «a A|b B|c C␤» </span></pre> </div> </div> <p>To create a <code>Slip</code>, either coerce another list-like type to it by calling the <code>Slip</code> method, or use the <code>slip</code> subroutine:</p> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights"><span class="highlite-COMMENT"># This says "1" and then says "2", rather than saying "(1 2)" </span>.<span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">for</span> <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">gather</span> { <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">take</span> <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">slip</span>(1<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> 2); }</pre> </div> </div> <p>A <code>Slip</code> may also be created by using the <a href="/language/operators#prefix_|"><code>prefix:<|></code></a> operator. This differs from the <code>slip</code> subroutine in both precedence and treatment of single arguments. In fact, <code>prefix:<|></code> only takes a single argument, so in that way, it behaves closer to the <code>.Slip</code> method than the <code>slip</code> subroutine.</p> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights"><span class="highlite-KEYWORD">my</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$l</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR">=</span> (1<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> 2<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> 3); <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> (1<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">slip</span> 2<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> 3).<span class="highlite-ROUTINE">raku</span>; <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># says (1, 2, 3) , slips 2, 3 into (1, …) </span><span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> (0<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">slip</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$l</span><span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> 4).<span class="highlite-ROUTINE">raku</span>; <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># says (0, $(1, 2, 3), 4) , $l does not break apart </span><span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> (0<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">slip</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$l</span>).<span class="highlite-ROUTINE">raku</span>; <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># says (0, 1, 2, 3) , slips from $l into (0, …) </span><span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> (0<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$l</span>.<span class="highlite-TYPE">Slip</span>).<span class="highlite-ROUTINE">raku</span>; <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># says (0, 1, 2, 3) , slips from $l into (0, …) </span><span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> (0<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$l</span>.<span class="highlite-TYPE">Slip</span><span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> 4).<span class="highlite-ROUTINE">raku</span>; <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># says (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) , slips from $l into (0, …, 4) </span><span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> (<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">|</span><span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$l</span>).<span class="highlite-ROUTINE">raku</span>; <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># says slip(1, 2, 3) , breaks apart $l </span><span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> (0<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> (<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">|</span><span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$l</span><span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> 4)<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> 5); <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># says (0 (1 2 3 4) 5) , slips from $l into (…, 4) </span><span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> (0<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> (<span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$l</span>.<span class="highlite-TYPE">Slip</span><span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> 4)<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> 5); <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># says (0 (1 2 3 4) 5) , slips from $l into (…, 4) </span><span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> (0<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> (<span class="highlite-ROUTINE">slip</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$l</span><span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> 4)<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> 5); <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># says (0 (1 2 3) 4 5) , slips ($l, 4) into (0, …, 5) </span><span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> (0<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> (<span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$l</span><span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> 4).<span class="highlite-TYPE">Slip</span><span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> 5); <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># says (0 (1 2 3) 4 5) , slips ($l, 4) into (0, …, 5) </span></pre> </div> </div> <p>Loops that do not want to produce a value for an iteration use <code>Slip</code>s, rather than empty <a href="/type/List"><code>List</code></a>s to do so, as do <code>if</code> statements that do not run their blocks.</p><p>Please note that <code>prefix:<|></code> will also apply parameters in a slippy manner to a routine call. It does not forward a <code>Slip</code> to the called routine, that includes <code>return</code> and <code>take</code>.</p> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights"><span class="highlite-KEYWORD">my</span> \<span class="highlite-ROUTINE">l</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR">=</span> <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">gather</span> <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">for</span> 1..10 <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">-></span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$a</span><span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$b</span> { <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">take</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR">|</span>(<span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$a</span><span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$b</span>) }; <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">l</span>.<span class="highlite-ROUTINE">raku</span>; <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># OUTPUT: «((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6), (7, 8), (9, 10)).Seq␤» </span><span class="highlite-KEYWORD">my</span> \<span class="highlite-REGEX_DELIMITER">m=</span><span class="highlite-REGEX_SPECIAL"> </span><span class="highlite-REGEX_LITERAL">gather</span><span class="highlite-REGEX_SPECIAL"> </span><span class="highlite-REGEX_LITERAL">for</span><span class="highlite-REGEX_SPECIAL"> </span><span class="highlite-REGEX_LITERAL">1</span><span class="highlite-REGEX_SPECIAL">..</span><span class="highlite-REGEX_LITERAL">10</span><span class="highlite-REGEX_SPECIAL"> -> </span><span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$a</span><span class="highlite-REGEX_SPECIAL">, </span><span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$b</span><span class="highlite-REGEX_SPECIAL"> {</span> <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">take</span> (<span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$a</span><span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$b</span>).<span class="highlite-TYPE">Slip</span> <span class="highlite-REGEX_SPECIAL">}; </span><span class="highlite-REGEX_LITERAL">say</span><span class="highlite-REGEX_SPECIAL"> </span><span class="highlite-REGEX_LITERAL">m</span><span class="highlite-REGEX_SPECIAL">.</span><span class="highlite-REGEX_LITERAL">raku</span><span class="highlite-REGEX_SPECIAL">; </span><span class="highlite-COMMENT"># OUTPUT: «(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10).Seq␤»</span><span class="highlite-REGEX_DELIMITER"></span></pre> </div> </div> <h1 id="Methods" class="raku-h1"><a href="#class_Slip" title="go to top of document">Methods<a class="raku-anchor" title="direct link" href="#Methods">§</a></a></h1> <h2 id="method_List" class="raku-h2"><a href="#class_Slip" title="go to top of document">method List<a class="raku-anchor" title="direct link" href="#method_List">§</a></a></h2>  <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights"><span class="highlite-KEYWORD">multi</span> <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">method</span> <span class="highlite-TYPE">List</span>(Slip:D: <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">--></span> List:D)</pre> </div> </div> <p>Turns it into a list.</p> <h2 id="sub_slip" class="raku-h2"><a href="#class_Slip" title="go to top of document">sub slip<a class="raku-anchor" title="direct link" href="#sub_slip">§</a></a></h2>  <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights"><span class="highlite-KEYWORD">multi</span> <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">slip</span>(<span class="highlite-KEYWORD">--></span> <span class="highlite-TYPE">Empty</span>) <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">multi</span> <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">slip</span>(<span class="highlite-NAME_ARRAY">@args</span> <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">--></span> Slip:D) <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">multi</span> <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">slip</span>(+<span class="highlite-ROUTINE">args</span> <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">--></span> Slip:D)</pre> </div> </div> <p>Creates a <code>Slip</code> from its arguments by calling <a href="/routine/Slip"><code>.Slip</code></a> on the object formed by them. Returns <a href="/type/Slip#constant_Empty"><code>Empty</code></a> if called with void arguments.</p> <h1 id="Constants" class="raku-h1"><a href="#class_Slip" title="go to top of document">Constants<a class="raku-anchor" title="direct link" href="#Constants">§</a></a></h1> <h2 id="constant_Empty" class="raku-h2"><a href="#class_Slip" title="go to top of document">constant Empty<a class="raku-anchor" title="direct link" href="#constant_Empty">§</a></a></h2>  <p><code>Empty</code> is a <code>Slip</code> of the empty <a href="/type/List"><code>List</code></a>.</p> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights"><span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> <span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span><span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span>.<span class="highlite-ROUTINE">comb</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR">~~</span> <span class="highlite-TYPE">Empty</span>; <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># OUTPUT: «True␤»</span></pre> </div> </div> <p>For example, these constructs with a failing test return <code>Empty</code>:</p> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights"><span class="highlite-ROUTINE">do</span> <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">if</span> 0 {}; (42 <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">if</span> 0); <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">do</span> <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">with</span> <span class="highlite-TYPE">Any</span> {}; (42 <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">with</span> <span class="highlite-TYPE">Any</span>);</pre> </div> </div> <h1 id="typegraphrelations" class="raku-h1"><a href="#" title="go to top of document">Typegraph<a class="raku-anchor" title="direct link" href="#typegraphrelations">§</a></a></h1> <figure class="typegraph" > <figcaption>Type relations for <code>Slip</code></figcaption> <svg width="303pt" height="332pt" viewBox="0.00 0.00 303.04 332.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="graph0" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 328)"> <title>raku-type-graph</title> <polygon fill="#ffffff" stroke="transparent" points="-4,4 -4,-328 299.04,-328 299.04,4 -4,4"/>  <g id="node1" class="node"> <title>Slip</title> <g id="a_node1"><a xlink:href="/type/Slip" xlink:title="Slip"> <ellipse fill="none" stroke="#000000" cx="132.55" cy="-18" rx="27.1" ry="18"/> <text text-anchor="middle" x="132.55" y="-14.3" font-family="FreeSans" font-size="14.00" fill="#000000">Slip</text> </a> </g> </g>  <g id="node7" class="node"> <title>List</title> <g id="a_node7"><a xlink:href="/type/List" xlink:title="List"> <ellipse fill="none" stroke="#000000" cx="132.55" cy="-90" rx="27" ry="18"/> <text text-anchor="middle" x="132.55" y="-86.3" font-family="FreeSans" font-size="14.00" fill="#000000">List</text> </a> </g> </g>  <g id="edge1" class="edge"> <title>Slip->List</title> <path fill="none" stroke="#000000" d="M132.55,-36.3C132.55,-44.02 132.55,-53.29 132.55,-61.89"/> <polygon fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" points="129.05,-61.9 132.55,-71.9 136.05,-61.9 129.05,-61.9"/> </g>  <g id="node2" class="node"> <title>Mu</title> <g id="a_node2"><a xlink:href="/type/Mu" xlink:title="Mu"> <ellipse fill="none" stroke="#000000" cx="30.55" cy="-306" rx="27" ry="18"/> <text text-anchor="middle" x="30.55" y="-302.3" font-family="FreeSans" font-size="14.00" fill="#000000">Mu</text> </a> </g> </g>  <g id="node3" class="node"> <title>Any</title> <g id="a_node3"><a xlink:href="/type/Any" xlink:title="Any"> <ellipse fill="none" stroke="#000000" cx="30.55" cy="-234" rx="28.7" ry="18"/> <text text-anchor="middle" x="30.55" y="-230.3" font-family="FreeSans" font-size="14.00" fill="#000000">Any</text> </a> </g> </g>  <g id="edge2" class="edge"> <title>Any->Mu</title> <path fill="none" stroke="#000000" d="M30.55,-252.3C30.55,-260.02 30.55,-269.29 30.55,-277.89"/> <polygon fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" points="27.05,-277.9 30.55,-287.9 34.05,-277.9 27.05,-277.9"/> </g>  <g id="node4" class="node"> <title>Cool</title> <g id="a_node4"><a xlink:href="/type/Cool" xlink:title="Cool"> <ellipse fill="none" stroke="#000000" cx="30.55" cy="-162" rx="30.59" ry="18"/> <text text-anchor="middle" x="30.55" y="-158.3" font-family="FreeSans" font-size="14.00" fill="#000000">Cool</text> </a> </g> </g>  <g id="edge3" class="edge"> <title>Cool->Any</title> <path fill="none" stroke="#000000" d="M30.55,-180.3C30.55,-188.02 30.55,-197.29 30.55,-205.89"/> <polygon fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" points="27.05,-205.9 30.55,-215.9 34.05,-205.9 27.05,-205.9"/> </g>  <g id="node5" class="node"> <title>Positional</title> <g id="a_node5"><a xlink:href="/type/Positional" xlink:title="Positional"> <ellipse fill="none" stroke="#6666ff" cx="132.55" cy="-162" rx="53.89" ry="18"/> <text text-anchor="middle" x="132.55" y="-158.3" font-family="FreeSans" font-size="14.00" fill="#6666ff">Positional</text> </a> </g> </g>  <g id="node6" class="node"> <title>Iterable</title> <g id="a_node6"><a xlink:href="/type/Iterable" xlink:title="Iterable"> <ellipse fill="none" stroke="#6666ff" cx="249.55" cy="-162" rx="45.49" ry="18"/> <text text-anchor="middle" x="249.55" y="-158.3" font-family="FreeSans" font-size="14.00" fill="#6666ff">Iterable</text> </a> </g> </g>  <g id="edge4" class="edge"> <title>List->Cool</title> <path fill="none" stroke="#000000" d="M114.31,-103.51C98.65,-114.26 75.85,-129.91 57.98,-142.17"/> <polygon fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" points="55.93,-139.34 49.66,-147.88 59.89,-145.11 55.93,-139.34"/> </g>  <g id="edge5" class="edge"> <title>List->Positional</title> <path fill="none" stroke="#6666ff" d="M132.55,-108.3C132.55,-116.02 132.55,-125.29 132.55,-133.89"/> <polygon fill="#6666ff" stroke="#6666ff" points="129.05,-133.9 132.55,-143.9 136.05,-133.9 129.05,-133.9"/> </g>  <g id="edge6" class="edge"> <title>List->Iterable</title> <path fill="none" stroke="#6666ff" d="M152.13,-102.72C169.7,-113.23 195.83,-128.86 216.61,-141.29"/> <polygon fill="#6666ff" stroke="#6666ff" points="215.06,-144.45 225.44,-146.58 218.65,-138.44 215.06,-144.45"/> </g> </g> </svg> <p class="fallback"> <a rel="alternate" href="/assets/typegraphs/Slip.svg"> Expand chart above </a></p> </figure> </div></div></section> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="footer main-footer"> <div class="container px-4"> <nav class="level"> <div class="level-left"> <div class="level-item"> <a href="/about">About</a> </div> <div class="level-item"> <a id="toggle-theme">Toggle theme</a> </div> <div class="level-item" title="99c751d5d 2024-05-28"> <a>Commit</a> </div> </div> <div class="level-right"> <div class="level-item"> <a href="/license">License</a> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </footer> </body> </html>

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class Slip | Raku Documentation