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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Armenia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Federal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Federal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Federal_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Federal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provinces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provinces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Provinces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provinces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Chile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China_(mainland)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China_(mainland)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>China (mainland)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China_(mainland)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>Hong Kong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singapore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singapore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Singapore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singapore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Devolved_parliaments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Devolved_parliaments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12.1</span> <span>Devolved parliaments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Devolved_parliaments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Federal_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13.1</span> <span>Federal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-States_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13.2</span> <span>States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_posts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_posts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Similar posts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_posts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_current_speakers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_current_speakers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>List of current speakers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_current_speakers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Generic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Generic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Generic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Generic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specific" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specific"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Specific</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specific-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Speaker (politics)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker" title="Speaker – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Speaker" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiker" title="Spiker – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Spiker" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_(%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF)" title="স্পিকার (রাজনীতি) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্পিকার (রাজনীতি)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%AB-ti%C3%BA%E2%81%BF" title="Gī-tiúⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gī-tiúⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Спікер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Спікер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сьпікер – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сьпікер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentspr%C3%A4sident" title="Parlamentspräsident – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Parlamentspräsident" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiiker" title="Spiiker – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Spiiker" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parolanto_(politiko)" title="Parolanto (politiko) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Parolanto (politiko)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%98%EC%9E%A5" title="의장 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="의장" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketua_parlemen" title="Ketua parlemen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ketua parlemen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isikhulumi_sephalamende" title="Isikhulumi sephalamende – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isikhulumi sephalamende" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_(parlamento)" title="Presidente (parlamento) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Presidente (parlamento)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF_(%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D)" title="ಸಭಾಪತಿ (ಸ್ಪೀಕರ್) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಭಾಪತಿ (ಸ್ಪೀಕರ್)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Спикер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Спикер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spika" title="Spika – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Spika" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BC_(%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82)" title="സ്പീക്കർ (രാഷ്ട്രീയം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്പീക്കർ (രാഷ്ട്രീയം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_(politika)" title="Speaker (politika) – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Speaker (politika)" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker" title="Speaker – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Speaker" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96" title="सभामुख – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सभामुख" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E9%95%B7" title="議長 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="議長" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentspresident" title="Parlamentspresident – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Parlamentspresident" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre%C8%99edinte_de_parlament" title="Președinte de parlament – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Președinte de parlament" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Спикер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спикер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_(politics)" title="Speaker (politics) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Speaker (politics)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puhemies" title="Puhemies – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puhemies" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talman" title="Talman – 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searchaux" style="display:none">Presiding officer of a legislative body</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Mr Speaker" redirects here. For the American racehorse, see <a href="/wiki/Mr_Speaker_(horse)" title="Mr Speaker (horse)">Mr Speaker (horse)</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Conference_of_Commonwealth_Speakers_and_Presiding_Officers,_Wellington_1984_(23565419019).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Conference_of_Commonwealth_Speakers_and_Presiding_Officers%2C_Wellington_1984_%2823565419019%29.jpg/250px-Conference_of_Commonwealth_Speakers_and_Presiding_Officers%2C_Wellington_1984_%2823565419019%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Conference_of_Commonwealth_Speakers_and_Presiding_Officers%2C_Wellington_1984_%2823565419019%29.jpg/375px-Conference_of_Commonwealth_Speakers_and_Presiding_Officers%2C_Wellington_1984_%2823565419019%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Conference_of_Commonwealth_Speakers_and_Presiding_Officers%2C_Wellington_1984_%2823565419019%29.jpg/500px-Conference_of_Commonwealth_Speakers_and_Presiding_Officers%2C_Wellington_1984_%2823565419019%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2975" data-file-height="2388" /></a><figcaption>Speakers and presiding officers from various <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> nations meet for a Commonwealth Speakers and Presiding Officers Conference in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>, New Zealand, 1984</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marshal%27s_chair_Sejm_Plenary_Hall.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Marshal%27s_chair_Sejm_Plenary_Hall.JPG/250px-Marshal%27s_chair_Sejm_Plenary_Hall.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Marshal%27s_chair_Sejm_Plenary_Hall.JPG/375px-Marshal%27s_chair_Sejm_Plenary_Hall.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Marshal%27s_chair_Sejm_Plenary_Hall.JPG/500px-Marshal%27s_chair_Sejm_Plenary_Hall.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4889" data-file-height="3238" /></a><figcaption>Marshal's chair in the <a href="/wiki/Sejm_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Sejm of the Republic of Poland">Sejm</a>, lower chamber of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Parliament">Polish Parliament</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>speaker</b> of a <a href="/wiki/Deliberative_assembly" title="Deliberative assembly">deliberative assembly</a>, especially a <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislative body</a>, is its <a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">presiding officer</a>, or the chair. The title was first used in 1377 in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">Speaker</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Legislative Body</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Presiding Officer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Member of</th><td class="infobox-data">Legislative Body</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">1377<span class="noprint"> (647 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1377</span>)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The title was first recorded in 1377 to describe the role of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Hungerford" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas de Hungerford">Thomas de Hungerford</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lee-257-8_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-257-8-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The speaker's official role is to moderate debate, make rulings on procedure, announce the results of votes, and the like. The speaker decides who may speak and has the powers to discipline members who break the procedures of the <a href="/wiki/Debate_chamber" title="Debate chamber">chamber or house</a>. The speaker often also represents the body in person, as the voice of the body in ceremonial and some other situations.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A speaker usually presides the lower house. Different styles are employed to refer to those who preside upper houses or Senates. </p><p>By convention, speakers are normally addressed in Parliament as 'Mister Speaker' if a man, or 'Madam Speaker' if a woman. In other cultures, other styles are used, mainly being equivalents of English "chairman" or "<a href="/wiki/President_(legislature)" class="mw-redirect" title="President (legislature)">president</a>". Many bodies also have a speaker <i><a href="/wiki/Pro_tempore" title="Pro tempore">pro tempore</a></i> (or deputy speaker), designated to fill in when the speaker is not available. </p><p>The speaker is commonly supported by a 'speaker's office'. </p><p>Examples of speakers include: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armenia">Armenia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Armenia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Armenia" title="President of the National Assembly of Armenia">president of the National Assembly of Armenia</a> is the speaker of the house in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Armenia)" title="National Assembly (Armenia)">National Assembly</a> of <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>. The formation of this position was established on 1 August 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives">speaker of the House of Representatives</a> is the presiding officer of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">Australian House of Representatives</a>, the lower house of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament of Australia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Senate (Australia)">president of the Senate</a> is the presiding officer of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Australian Senate</a>, the upper house of the Parliament. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Federal_Senate_(Brazil)" title="President of the Federal Senate (Brazil)">President of the Federal Senate (Brazil)</a> and <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies_(Brazil)" title="President of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)">President of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Federal">Federal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Federal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Brazil" title="Constitution of Brazil">Federal Constitution</a> determines that both houses of the <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Brazil" title="National Congress of Brazil">National Congress</a>, in the first session after taking office, must elect their "Mesas Diretoras" (Presiding Boards), consisting each of a president, two vice presidents, four secretaries and alternates to serve two-year terms, with no reappointment to the same position in the immediately subsequent election. In addition to voting as senator or federal deputy at their respective houses, both presidents also hold the casting vote in case of a tie, but the large number of legislators (81 in the Federal Senate and 513 in the Chamber of Deputies, as of 2023) makes this attribution rarely used. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Federal_Senate_(Brazil)" title="President of the Federal Senate (Brazil)">president of the Federal Senate</a> is the presiding officer of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Senate_(Brazil)" title="Federal Senate (Brazil)">Federal Senate</a>, the upper house. The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies_(Brazil)" title="President of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)">president of the Chamber of Deputies</a> is the presiding officer of the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Brazil)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)">Chamber of Deputies</a>, the lower house. The Constitution also determines that the president of the Federal Senate presides over the Board of the National Congress in the joint sessions of both houses, the Common Regulations of the National Congress refer to the president of the Federal Senate on these occasions as "President of the National Congress".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="States">States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the Brazilian political tradition, the legislative assemblies of the <a href="/wiki/Federative_units_of_Brazil" title="Federative units of Brazil">states</a> (<a href="/wiki/Legislative_Chamber_of_the_Federal_District" title="Legislative Chamber of the Federal District">Legislative Chamber</a> in the case of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_District_(Brazil)" title="Federal District (Brazil)">Federal District</a>), all unicameral, adopt rules identical to those of the National Congress, electing a Presiding Board among the state deputies for two-year terms on the first session after taking office. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Federal_2">Federal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Federal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(Canada)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (Canada)">speaker of the House of Commons</a> (<i>Président de la Chambre des communes</i>) is the individual elected to preside over the House of Commons, the elected <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The speaker is a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">member of parliament</a> (MP) and is elected at the beginning of each new parliament by fellow MPs. The speaker's role in presiding over the House of Commons is similar to that of speakers elsewhere in other countries that use the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster system</a>. The speaker does not vote except in the case of a tie. By convention, if required to vote, the speaker will vote in favour of continuing debate on a matter, but will not ultimately vote for a measure to be approved. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Senate_of_Canada" title="Speaker of the Senate of Canada">speaker of the Senate</a> (<i>président du Sénat</i>) is the presiding officer of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a>, the appointed <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a>. The speaker represents the Senate at official functions, rules on questions of parliamentary procedure and parliamentary privilege, and presides over debates and voting in the "Red Chamber". The speaker of the Senate is appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Governor_general_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor general of Canada">governor general</a> from amongst sitting senators upon the advice of the prime minister. The speaker has a vote on all matters. In the event of a tie, the matter fails. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Provinces">Provinces</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Provinces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the provincial level, the presiding officer of the provincial legislatures is called the "speaker" (<i>président</i>) in all provinces except <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, where the term "president" is used. The presiding officer fulfills the same role as the speaker of the House of Commons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chile">Chile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Chile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Chile" title="President of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile">president of the Chamber of Deputies</a> is the highest authority of the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Chile" title="Chamber of Deputies of Chile">Chamber of Deputies</a>. The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_Chile" title="President of the Senate of Chile">president of the Senate</a> is the highest authority of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Chile" title="Senate of Chile">Senate of Chile</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China_(mainland)"><span id="China_.28mainland.29"></span>China (mainland)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: China (mainland)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a> is the presiding officer of the <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a>, which is considered China's top legislative body. As stipulated in Article 84 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the People's Republic of China">Constitution of China</a>, should both the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the People's Republic of China">president</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice President of the People's Republic of China">vice-president</a> become incapacitated, and the National People's Congress is unable to elect a timely replacement, the chairman of the NPC Standing Committee will act as president. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hong Kong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="President of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong">president of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong</a> is the speaker of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council</a> and is elected by and from its members. The president presides over the Council meetings and is empowered to enforce the Rules of Procedures solely. </p><p>While members of the Legislative Council may be Hong Kong residents who are not Chinese citizens, the president can only be selected from people with Chinese nationality who do not have a right of abode in foreign countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parliamentarism in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> is centred on the presidents of the two Houses, vested in defence of the members and of the assembly as a whole;<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so "the Speaker invites the representative of the Government not to deviate from the rules of parliamentary behaviour".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now constitutional community highlights changes also in this role.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The president of the Senate also acts as deputy president of the republic "in all cases in which the president cannot perform them".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives">speaker of the House of Representatives</a> is the presiding officer of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">New Zealand House of Representatives</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the only chamber of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Precedent set by other <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster-style parliaments</a> means that <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">members of Parliament</a> must always address the speaker.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singapore">Singapore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Singapore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Parliament_of_Singapore" title="Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore">speaker of the Parliament of Singapore</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">head officer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Singapore" title="Parliament of Singapore">country's legislature</a>. By recent tradition, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">prime minister</a> nominates a person, who may or may not be an elected <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_members_of_parliament_in_Singapore" title="Lists of members of parliament in Singapore">member of parliament</a> (MP), for the role. The person's name is then proposed and seconded by the MPs, before being elected as speaker.<sup id="cite_ref-ST20160108_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ST20160108-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Singapore" title="Constitution of Singapore">Constitution</a> states that Parliament has the freedom to decide how to elect its speaker.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the speaker does not have to be an elected MP, they must possess the qualifications to stand for election as an MP as provided for in the Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-ParlSpeaker_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ParlSpeaker-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The speaker also cannot be a cabinet minister or parliamentary secretary,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and must resign from those positions prior to being elected as speaker. </p><p>The speaker is one of the few public sector roles which allow its office-holder to automatically qualify as a candidate in the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_Singapore" title="Presidential elections in Singapore">Singapore presidential elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Congress_of_Deputies" title="President of the Congress of Deputies">president of the Congress of Deputies</a> is the speaker of the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies" title="Congress of Deputies">Congress of Deputies</a>, the lower house of the <a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes Generales</a> (the Spanish parliament). The president is elected among the members of the Congress and is, after the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Spain">king</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">prime minister</a>, the highest authority in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Spain">Kingdom of Spain</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_Spain" title="President of the Senate of Spain">president of the Senate</a> is the speaker of the Spanish upper house called <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Spain" title="Senate of Spain">Senate</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taiwan">Taiwan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Yuan" title="Legislative Yuan">Legislative Yuan</a> is the highest legislative body of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. The president of the Legislative Yuan presides over its meetings and is elected by the legislators from among themselves. Until 1993, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Control_Yuan" title="List of presidents of the Control Yuan">president</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Control_Yuan" title="Control Yuan">Control Yuan</a> was elected by and from the members like the speaker of many other parliamentary bodies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:House_of_Commons._Speaker%27s_Chair.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/House_of_Commons._Speaker%27s_Chair.jpg/220px-House_of_Commons._Speaker%27s_Chair.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/House_of_Commons._Speaker%27s_Chair.jpg/330px-House_of_Commons._Speaker%27s_Chair.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/House_of_Commons._Speaker%27s_Chair.jpg/440px-House_of_Commons._Speaker%27s_Chair.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Ths Speaker's Chair in the UK House of Commons (19th century photograph)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker</a> is the individual elected to preside over the elected <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons" title="House of Commons">House of Commons</a>. The speaker is a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">member of Parliament</a> (MP) and is elected at the beginning of each new parliament by fellow MPs. MPs also elect three Deputy Speakers, known as the <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_Ways_and_Means" title="Chairman of Ways and Means">Chairman of Ways and Means</a> and the First and Second Deputy Chairmen of Ways and Means. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lord_Speaker" title="Lord Speaker">Lord Speaker</a> is the presiding officer of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>. The presiding officer of the House of Lords was until recently the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a>, who was also a member of the government (a cabinet member) and the head of the judicial branch. The Lord Chancellor did not have the same authority to discipline members of the Lords that the speaker of the Commons has in that house. The Lord Speaker is elected by the <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the House of Lords">members of the House of Lords</a> and is expected to be politically impartial. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Devolved_parliaments">Devolved parliaments</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Devolved parliaments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Presiding_Officer_of_the_Scottish_Parliament" title="Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament">presiding officer of the Scottish Parliament</a> is the president, presiding officer and speaker of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Llywydd_of_the_Senedd" title="Llywydd of the Senedd">llywydd of the Senedd</a> is the speaker of the <a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a>, the Welsh parliament. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly">speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly</a> presides over the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Northern Ireland Assembly</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Federal_3">Federal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Federal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the United States House of Representatives</a></div> <p>Both chambers of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> have a presiding officer defined by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">speaker of the United States House of Representatives</a> presides over the lower house of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>. The speaker, elected by the entire House, is the top-ranking officer of the legislative branch of the federal government. Unlike in Commonwealth realms, the position is partisan, and the speaker often plays an important part in running the House and advancing a political platform; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gurney_Cannon" title="Joseph Gurney Cannon">Joseph Gurney Cannon</a>, speaker from 1903 to 1911, is an extreme example. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Vice_president_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice president of the United States">vice president of the United States</a>, as provided by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a> formally presides over the upper house, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a>. In practice, however, the vice president does not regularly appear in Congress owing to responsibilities in the executive branch and the fact that the vice president may only vote to break a tie, something that rarely occurs due to the <a href="/wiki/Filibuster_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Filibuster in the United States Senate">filibuster</a> preventing tie votes from occurring in practice. In the vice president's absence, the presiding role is delegated to the most <a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Seniority in the United States Senate">senior</a> member of the majority party, who is the <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">president pro tempore of the United States Senate</a>. Since the Senate's rules give little power to its non-member presider (who may be of the minority party), the task of presiding over daily business is typically rotated among junior members of the majority party. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="States_2">States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the forty-nine <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a> that have a <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a> legislature, the highest leadership position in the <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a> is usually called the "Speaker" and the upper house is usually the "President of the (State) Senate". In Nebraska—the only state with a <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> legislature—the senators elect one senator to serve as "<a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Legislature#Speaker" title="Nebraska Legislature">Speaker of the Nebraska Legislature</a>", who presides over legislative sessions in the absence of the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Nebraska" title="Lieutenant Governor of Nebraska">Lieutenant Governor</a> but retains the powers typical of other legislative speakers. In Tennessee, the senators elect a "Speaker of the Senate" who presides over the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Senate#Senate_Speaker_Duties" title="Tennessee Senate">Tennessee Senate</a> and serves as lieutenant governor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_posts">Similar posts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Similar posts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Speaker_(politics)" title="Special:EditPage/Speaker (politics)">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The presiding officer for an <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a> of a bicameral legislature usually has a different title such as Chairman or President of the senate When the upper house is called a <a href="/wiki/Senate" title="Senate">senate</a>, but they have the same duties. <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and many other countries have upper houses with presiding officers titled "president". In several American republics, the vice president of the country serves as the president of the upper house. This pattern is not universal, however. Some upper houses, including those of <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Senate_of_Canada" title="Speaker of the Senate of Canada">Canada</a>, have a speaker. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Presiding_Officer_of_the_National_Assembly_for_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Presiding Officer of the National Assembly for Wales">presiding officer of the National Assembly for Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presiding_Officer_of_the_Scottish_Parliament" title="Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament">presiding officer of the Scottish Parliament</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Presiding_Officer_of_the_Northern_Ireland_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Presiding Officer of the Northern Ireland Assembly">presiding officer of the Northern Ireland Assembly</a> fulfill the same role as the speaker. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_current_speakers">List of current speakers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: List of current speakers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_presidents_of_legislatures" title="List of current presidents of legislatures">List of current presidents of legislatures</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Generic">Generic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Generic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_senate_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Speaker of the senate (disambiguation)">Speaker of the senate (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Assembly_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Speaker of the House of Assembly (disambiguation)">Speaker of the House of Assembly (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Speaker of the House of Commons">Speaker of the House of Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives (disambiguation)">Speaker of the House of Representatives (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Legislative_Assembly" title="Speaker of the Legislative Assembly">Speaker of the Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Speaker of the National Assembly (disambiguation)">Speaker of the National Assembly (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_presidents_of_assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current presidents of assembly">List of current presidents of assembly</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specific">Specific</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Specific"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Senate_of_Canada" title="Speaker of the Senate of Canada">Speaker of the Senate of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Federal_Senate_(Brazil)" title="President of the Federal Senate (Brazil)">President of the Federal Senate (Brazil)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies_(Brazil)" title="President of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)">President of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_England" title="List of speakers of the House of Commons of England">List of speakers of the House of Commons of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_People%27s_Representative_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="List of speakers of the People's Representative Council">Speaker of the Indonesian People's Representative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathaoirleach" title="Cathaoirleach">Cathaoirleach</a> (Speaker of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Irish</a> <a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Senate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_of_Ontario" title="Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario">Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council">Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Senate_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland">Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawspeaker" title="Lawspeaker">Lawspeaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Grand_National_Assembly" title="Speaker of the Grand National Assembly">Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Speaker" title="Lord Speaker">Lord Speaker</a> (Speaker of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the United States House of Representatives</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mancini and Galeotti believed that "in the enclosure of the House the exercise of presidential power should not be limits or obstacles whatsoever".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStubbs1903" class="citation book cs1">Stubbs, William (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YpTk07MSSmMC&dq=speaker+title+was+first+used+in+1377+in+England.&pg=PA470"><i>The Constitutional History of England in Its Origin and Development</i></a>. Clarendon Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Constitutional+History+of+England+in+Its+Origin+and+Development&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Stubbs&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYpTk07MSSmMC%26dq%3Dspeaker%2Btitle%2Bwas%2Bfirst%2Bused%2Bin%2B1377%2Bin%2BEngland.%26pg%3DPA470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpeaker+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/business/commons/the-speaker/history-and-traditions-of-the-speakership/history-of-the-speakership/">"History of the Speakership"</a>, <i>UK Parliament</i>, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 Aug</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UK+Parliament&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Speakership&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fbusiness%2Fcommons%2Fthe-speaker%2Fhistory-and-traditions-of-the-speakership%2Fhistory-of-the-speakership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpeaker+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=43659&strquery=thomas%20hungerford"><i>Journal of the House of Commons: January 1559</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927222913/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=43659&strquery=thomas%20hungerford">Archived</a> 2007-09-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; 1559; accessed August 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lee-257-8-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lee-257-8_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lee Vol 28, pp. 257,258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipu.org/news/news-in-brief/2021-09/7-things-you-may-not-know-about-speakers-parliament">"7 things you may not know about Speakers of Parliament"</a>. <i>Inter-Parliamentary Union</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220320085921/https://www.ipu.org/news/news-in-brief/2021-09/7-things-you-may-not-know-about-speakers-parliament">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-03-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inter-Parliamentary+Union&rft.atitle=7+things+you+may+not+know+about+Speakers+of+Parliament&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipu.org%2Fnews%2Fnews-in-brief%2F2021-09%2F7-things-you-may-not-know-about-speakers-parliament&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpeaker+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhazanchyan2021" class="citation web cs1">Ghazanchyan, Siranush (2 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.armradio.am/2021/08/02/alen-simonyan-elected-president-of-teh-national-assembly/">"Alen Simonyan elected President of the National Assembly"</a>. <i>Public Radio of Armenia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220818082346/https://en.armradio.am/2021/08/02/alen-simonyan-elected-president-of-teh-national-assembly/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Radio+of+Armenia&rft.atitle=Alen+Simonyan+elected+President+of+the+National+Assembly&rft.date=2021-08-02&rft.aulast=Ghazanchyan&rft.aufirst=Siranush&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.armradio.am%2F2021%2F08%2F02%2Falen-simonyan-elected-president-of-teh-national-assembly%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpeaker+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Under the old republican constitutions, the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Brazil" title="Vice President of Brazil">Vice President of the Republic</a> was, cumulatively, President of the Federal Senate (and of the National Congress). However, the Senators could elect a substitute President in the event of a vacancy of the Vice Presidency.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcElligott2020" class="citation book cs1">McElligott, William (2020-05-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c9bpDwAAQBAJ&dq=In+Canada,+the+Speaker+of+the+House+of+Commons+(pr%C3%A9sident+de+la+Chambre+des+communes)+election&pg=PA27"><i>A Portrait of Canada's Parliament</i></a>. ECW Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77305-618-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-77305-618-0"><bdi>978-1-77305-618-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Portrait+of+Canada%27s+Parliament&rft.pub=ECW+Press&rft.date=2020-05-04&rft.isbn=978-1-77305-618-0&rft.aulast=McElligott&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc9bpDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DIn%2BCanada%2C%2Bthe%2BSpeaker%2Bof%2Bthe%2BHouse%2Bof%2BCommons%2B%28pr%25C3%25A9sident%2Bde%2Bla%2BChambre%2Bdes%2Bcommunes%29%2Belection%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpeaker+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mancini-Galeotti, <i>Norme ed usi del Parlamento Italiano</i>, Roma, 1887, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2420612/Sanzioni_disciplinari_nellordinamento_parlamentare"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Sanciones disciplinaries y policía interna en el ordenamiento parlamentario italiano</i></span> ‘’AA.VV., Derecho parlamentario sancionador’’, Eusko Legebiltazarra, Parlamento Vasco ed., 2005p. 236-271</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211002450/http://www.academia.edu/2420612/Sanzioni_disciplinari_nellordinamento_parlamentare">Archived</a> 2018-12-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F. Bilancia, <i>L’imparzialità perduta (a proposito di President di Assemblea parlamentare)</i>, in Aa.Vv., <i>Studi in onore di Gianni Ferrara</i>, vol. I, Giappichelli, Torino 2005, pp. 311 ss.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senato.it/documenti/repository/istituzione/costituzione_inglese.pdf">"Constitution of the Italian Republic - Article 86"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Senate of the Italian Republic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201118225954/https://www.senato.it/documenti/repository/istituzione/costituzione_inglese.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-11-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Senate+of+the+Italian+Republic&rft.atitle=Constitution+of+the+Italian+Republic+-+Article+86&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senato.it%2Fdocumenti%2Frepository%2Fistituzione%2Fcostituzione_inglese.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpeaker+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.nz/en/visit-and-learn/how-parliament-works/office-of-the-speaker/">"Office of the Speaker - New Zealand Parliament"</a>. <i>www.parliament.nz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220203052327/https://www.parliament.nz/en/visit-and-learn/how-parliament-works/office-of-the-speaker/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-02-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.parliament.nz&rft.atitle=Office+of+the+Speaker+-+New+Zealand+Parliament&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.nz%2Fen%2Fvisit-and-learn%2Fhow-parliament-works%2Foffice-of-the-speaker%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpeaker+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.nz/en/visit-and-learn/how-parliament-works/our-system-of-government/">"Our system of government - New Zealand Parliament"</a>. <i>www.parliament.nz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170308123708/https://www.parliament.nz/en/visit-and-learn/how-parliament-works/our-system-of-government/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.parliament.nz&rft.atitle=Our+system+of+government+-+New+Zealand+Parliament&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.nz%2Fen%2Fvisit-and-learn%2Fhow-parliament-works%2Four-system-of-government%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpeaker+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.nz/en/visit-and-learn/how-parliament-works/parliamentary-practice-in-new-zealand/chapter-5-speaker-of-the-house-of-representatives/">"Chapter 5 Speaker of the House of Representatives - New Zealand Parliament"</a>. <i>www.parliament.nz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220203052347/https://www.parliament.nz/en/visit-and-learn/how-parliament-works/parliamentary-practice-in-new-zealand/chapter-5-speaker-of-the-house-of-representatives/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-02-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.parliament.nz&rft.atitle=Chapter+5+Speaker+of+the+House+of+Representatives+-+New+Zealand+Parliament&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.nz%2Fen%2Fvisit-and-learn%2Fhow-parliament-works%2Fparliamentary-practice-in-new-zealand%2Fchapter-5-speaker-of-the-house-of-representatives%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpeaker+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ST20160108-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ST20160108_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2016" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Min Kok (8 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170807172539/http://www.straitstimes.com/politics/halimah-yacob-to-be-renominated-as-speaker-of-parliament-7-things-you-may-not-know-about">"Halimah Yacob to be renominated as Speaker of Parliament: 7 things you may not know about the post"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/halimah-yacob-to-be-renominated-as-speaker-of-parliament-7-things-you-may-not-know-about">the original</a> on 7 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Halimah+Yacob+to+be+renominated+as+Speaker+of+Parliament%3A+7+things+you+may+not+know+about+the+post&rft.date=2016-01-08&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Min+Kok&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Fhalimah-yacob-to-be-renominated-as-speaker-of-parliament-7-things-you-may-not-know-about&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpeaker+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Constitution of the Republic of Singapore, Art. 40(2).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ParlSpeaker-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ParlSpeaker_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20170807171756/https://www.parliament.gov.sg/about-us/structure/speaker-of-parliament">"Speaker of Parliament"</a>. <i>Parliament of Singapore</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.gov.sg/about-us/structure/speaker-of-parliament">the original</a> on 7 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliament+of+Singapore&rft.atitle=Speaker+of+Parliament&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.gov.sg%2Fabout-us%2Fstructure%2Fspeaker-of-parliament&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpeaker+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Constitution of the Republic of Singapore, Art. 40(2).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Constitution of the Republic of Singapore, Art. 19(3)(a).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speaker_(politics)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bergougnous, Georges. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/PRESIDING_E.pdf">Presiding Officers of National Parliamentary Assemblies: A World Comparative Study</a>. Trans. Jennifer Lorenzi. Geneva: <a href="/wiki/Inter-Parliamentary_Union" title="Inter-Parliamentary Union">Inter-Parliamentary Union</a>, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/92-9142-028-X" title="Special:BookSources/92-9142-028-X">92-9142-028-X</a>.</li> <li>Green, Matthew N. <i>The Speaker of the House: A Study of Leadership</i> (Yale University Press; 2010) 292 pages; US House</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parliamentary_procedure" title="Template:Parliamentary procedure"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parliamentary_procedure" title="Template talk:Parliamentary procedure"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parliamentary_procedure" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parliamentary procedure"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parliamentary_procedure" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_procedure" title="Parliamentary procedure">Parliamentary procedure</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_parliamentary_procedure" title="History of parliamentary procedure">History of parliamentary procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_parliamentary_procedure" title="Principles of parliamentary procedure">Principles of parliamentary procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deliberative_assembly" title="Deliberative assembly">Deliberative assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee" title="Committee">Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meeting_(parliamentary_procedure)#Session" title="Meeting (parliamentary procedure)">Session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quorum" title="Quorum">Quorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">Chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor_(legislative)" title="Floor (legislative)">Floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Recognition (parliamentary procedure)">Recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Motion (parliamentary procedure)">Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Second (parliamentary procedure)">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debate_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Debate (parliamentary procedure)">Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)#Main_motion" title="Motion (parliamentary procedure)">Main motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agenda_(meeting)#Order_of_business" title="Agenda (meeting)">Order of business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minutes" title="Minutes">Minutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_methods_in_deliberative_assemblies" title="Voting methods in deliberative assemblies">Voting methods in deliberative assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majority" title="Majority">Majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unanimous_consent" title="Unanimous consent">Unanimous consent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)#Subsidiary_motion" title="Motion (parliamentary procedure)">Subsidiary motions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postpone_indefinitely" title="Postpone indefinitely">Postpone indefinitely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amend_(motion)" title="Amend (motion)">Amend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee#Commit_(motion)" title="Committee">Commit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postpone_to_a_certain_time" title="Postpone to a certain time">Postpone to a certain time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debate_(parliamentary_procedure)#Motion_to_limit_or_extend_limits_of_debate" title="Debate (parliamentary procedure)">Limit or extend limits of debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Previous_question" title="Previous question">Previous question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloture" title="Cloture">Cloture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Table (parliamentary procedure)">Lay on the table</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)#Privileged_motion" title="Motion (parliamentary procedure)">Privileged motions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agenda_(meeting)#Call_for_the_orders_of_the_day" title="Agenda (meeting)">Call for the orders of the day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raise_a_question_of_privilege" title="Raise a question of privilege">Raise a question of privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recess_(break)#Parliamentary_procedure" title="Recess (break)">Recess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjournment#Motion_to_adjourn" title="Adjournment">Adjourn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjournment#Motion_to_Fix_the_time_to_which_to_adjourn" title="Adjournment">Fix the time to which to adjourn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)#Incidental_motion" title="Motion (parliamentary procedure)">Incidental motions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_order" title="Point of order">Point of order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_(motion)" title="Appeal (motion)">Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_of_the_rules" title="Suspension of the rules">Suspend the rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objection_to_the_consideration_of_a_question" title="Objection to the consideration of a question">Objection to the consideration of a question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_a_question" title="Division of a question">Division of a question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consideration_by_paragraph_or_seriatim" class="mw-redirect" title="Consideration by paragraph or seriatim">Consideration by paragraph or seriatim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_the_assembly" title="Division of the assembly">Division of the assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_methods_in_deliberative_assemblies#Motions_relating_to_methods_of_voting_and_the_polls" title="Voting methods in deliberative assemblies">Motions relating to methods of voting and the polls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomination#Motions_relating_to_nominations" title="Nomination">Motions relating to nominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_motion" title="Prayer motion">Prayer motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries#Request_to_be_excused_from_a_duty" title="Requests and inquiries">Request to be excused from a duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries" title="Requests and inquiries">Requests and inquiries</a> (<a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries#Parliamentary_inquiry" title="Requests and inquiries">Parliamentary inquiry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries#Request_for_information" title="Requests and inquiries">Request for information</a>, <a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries#Request_for_permission_to_withdraw_or_modify_a_motion" title="Requests and inquiries">Request for permission to withdraw or modify a motion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries#Request_to_read_papers" title="Requests and inquiries">Request to read papers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries#Request_for_any_other_privilege" title="Requests and inquiries">Request for any other privilege</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)#Motions_that_bring_a_question_again_before_the_assembly" title="Motion (parliamentary procedure)">Motions that bring a question<br />again before the assembly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Table (parliamentary procedure)">Take from the table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repeal#Parliamentary_procedure" title="Repeal">Rescind, repeal, annul or amend something previously adopted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee#Discharge_a_committee" title="Committee">Discharge a committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconsideration_of_a_motion" title="Reconsideration of a motion">Reconsider</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_procedure#Legislatures" title="Parliamentary procedure">Legislative procedures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Call_of_the_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Call of the house">Call of the house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoist_(motion)" title="Hoist (motion)">Hoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_to_pass_on" title="Motion to pass on">Motion to pass on</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recall_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Recall of Parliament">Recall of Parliament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciplinary_procedures" class="mw-redirect" title="Disciplinary procedures">Disciplinary procedures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censure" title="Censure">Censure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declare_the_chair_vacant" class="mw-redirect" title="Declare the chair vacant">Declare the chair vacant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeach_(motion)" title="Impeach (motion)">Impeach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Naming (parliamentary procedure)">Naming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_authority" title="Parliamentary authority">Parliamentary authorities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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