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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Military title</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_title-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Modern usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سردار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سردار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_(%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF)" title="সরদার (পদবি) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সরদার (পদবি)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serdar" title="Serdar – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Serdar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardar" title="Sardar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sardar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardar" title="Sardar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sardar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardar" title="Sardar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sardar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_(%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="سردار (عنوان) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سردار (عنوان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardar" title="Sardar – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sardar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Սարդար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սարդար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="सरदार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सरदार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sard%C4%81r" title="Sardār – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sardār" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сардар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сардар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сардар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сардар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardaras" title="Sardaras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sardaras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сардар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сардар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC" title="സർദാർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സർദാർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸਰਦਾਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਰਦਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сердар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сердар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardar" title="Sardar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sardar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сердар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сердар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="சர்தார் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சர்தார்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="సర్దార్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సర్దార్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сардар – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сардар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سردار – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سردار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q284920#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sardar_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sardar (disambiguation)">Sardar (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sardar" title="Special:EditPage/Sardar">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Sardar%22">"Sardar"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Sardar%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Sardar%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Sardar%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Sardar%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Sardar%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ein-oddole.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ein-oddole.jpg/220px-Ein-oddole.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ein-oddole.jpg/330px-Ein-oddole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ein-oddole.jpg/440px-Ein-oddole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="838" data-file-height="1040" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iran" title="Prime Minister of Iran">Sardar-I-Azam</a></i>, Prince <a href="/wiki/Abdol_Majid_Mirza" title="Abdol Majid Mirza">Abdol Majid Mirza</a> of Qajar Persia <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1920s</span>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jackiesardar.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jackiesardar.JPG/220px-Jackiesardar.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jackiesardar.JPG/330px-Jackiesardar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jackiesardar.JPG/440px-Jackiesardar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="996" /></a><figcaption>Pakistani President <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayub Khan (general)">Ayub Khan</a> and First Lady <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacqueline Kennedy">Jacqueline Kennedy</a> with the prized gelding "Sardar".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahmed_Tevfik_Pasha_chair.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ahmed_Tevfik_Pasha_chair.jpg/220px-Ahmed_Tevfik_Pasha_chair.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ahmed_Tevfik_Pasha_chair.jpg/330px-Ahmed_Tevfik_Pasha_chair.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ahmed_Tevfik_Pasha_chair.jpg/440px-Ahmed_Tevfik_Pasha_chair.jpg 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ottoman_Grand_Viziers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ottoman Grand Viziers">Grand Vizier</a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Tevfik_Pasha" title="Ahmet Tevfik Pasha">Ahmet Tevfik Pasha</a>, the last Ottoman <i>Serdar-ı Azam</i>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brigadir_Janko_Vukotic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Brigadir_Janko_Vukotic.jpg/220px-Brigadir_Janko_Vukotic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Brigadir_Janko_Vukotic.jpg/330px-Brigadir_Janko_Vukotic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Brigadir_Janko_Vukotic.jpg/440px-Brigadir_Janko_Vukotic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="826" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Serdar_(Ottoman_rank)" title="Serdar (Ottoman rank)">Serdar</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Janko_Vukoti%C4%87" title="Janko Vukotić">Janko Vukotić</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Montenegro" title="Principality of Montenegro">Principality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Kingdom of Montenegro</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sardar</b>, also spelled as <b>Sardaar</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">سردار</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Persian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">[særˈdɑr]</a></span>, 'commander', literally 'headmaster'), is a title of <a href="/wiki/Royal_family" title="Royal family">royalty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a> that was originally used to denote <a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">princes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noblemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Noblemen">noblemen</a>, chiefs, <a href="/wiki/King" title="King">kings</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)" title="Aristocracy (class)">aristocrats</a>. It has also been used to denote a chief or leader of a tribe or group. It is used as a Persian synonym of the title <i><a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Emir</a></i> of Arabic origin. </p><p>The term and its cognates originate from Persian <i>sardār</i> (<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:سردار">سردار</a></span></span>) and have been historically used across <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Persia">Persia</a> (Iran), the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> and Turkey (as "<a href="/wiki/Serdar_(Ottoman_rank)" title="Serdar (Ottoman rank)">Serdar</a>"), <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> (as "Sardar" for a member of the royal <a href="/wiki/Mohammadzai" title="Mohammadzai">Mohammadzai clan</a> in meaning of <a href="/wiki/Noblemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Noblemen">noblemen</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> (now Iraq), Syria, South Asia (Pakistan, India, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>), Central Asia, the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (as "<a href="/wiki/Sirdar" title="Sirdar">Sirdar</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amongst Sikhs, the term began to be adopted due to Afghan influence in the mid-18th century to signify a leader of a <a href="/wiki/Jatha" title="Jatha">Jatha</a> or <a href="/wiki/Misl" class="mw-redirect" title="Misl">Misl</a> and gradually replaced other prior used terms for these positions, such as '<a href="/wiki/Jathedar" title="Jathedar">Jathedar</a>' and 'Misldar'.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>sardar</i> was used by <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikh</a> leaders and generals who held important positions in various <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Misls" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh Misls">Sikh Misls</a>. The title is still commonly used by Sikhs today. Though historically signifying one's military rank or membership of a locally important family, in the contemporary period the title is used widely in India and neighbouring countries for any respected Sikh male. <i>Sardar</i> was also used to refer to generals of the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a>. After the decline of <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudalism</a>, <i>sardar</i> later indicated a <a href="/wiki/Head_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of State">Head of State</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-chief</a>, and an army <a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">military rank</a>. As a military rank, a <i>sardar</i> typically marked the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander-in-Chief">Commander-in-Chief</a> or the highest-ranking <a href="/wiki/Military_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Military officer">military officer</a> in an army, akin to the modern <a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal">Field Marshal</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="General of the Army">General of the Army</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Army_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Chief of Army (disambiguation)">Chief of Army</a>. The more administrative title <i>Sirdar-Bahadur</i> denoted a <a href="/wiki/Governor-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor-General">Governor-General</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister">Chief Minister</a> of a remote province, akin to a British <a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Viceroy</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayan</a> <a href="/wiki/Mountaineering" title="Mountaineering">mountaineering</a>, a <i>sirdar</i> is a local leader of the <a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among other duties, he records the heights reached by each Sherpa, which factors into their compensation. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Princes">Princes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Princes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Kapurthala_State" title="Kapurthala State">Kapurthala State</a>, have been ruled by kings of state styled <i>Sardar</i>. For example, the king of <a href="/wiki/Kapurthala" title="Kapurthala">Kapurthala</a> used the title of Sardar.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_of_regional_use">Examples of regional use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Examples of regional use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_a_Sikh_sirdar,_ca.1820.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Portrait_of_a_Sikh_sirdar%2C_ca.1820.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_a_Sikh_sirdar%2C_ca.1820.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Portrait_of_a_Sikh_sirdar%2C_ca.1820.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_a_Sikh_sirdar%2C_ca.1820.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Portrait_of_a_Sikh_sirdar%2C_ca.1820.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_a_Sikh_sirdar%2C_ca.1820.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="671" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of a <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikh</a> <i>sirdar</i>, ca.1820</figcaption></figure>In <a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a>, the title <i>Sardar</i> marked the chief of his tribe.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Royal Afghan Kingdom</a>, the original <i>Nishan-i-Sardari</i> (Order of the Leader), founded by <a href="/wiki/Am%C4%81null%C4%81h_Kh%C4%81n" class="mw-redirect" title="Amānullāh Khān">King Amanullah</a> in 1923, was bestowed for exceptional service to the Crown by the Afghan monarch. Recipients enjoyed the titles of <i>Sardar-i-Ala</i> or <i>Sardar-i-Ali</i> before their names and also received grants of land. The original Order was disbanded in 1929, and was later revived by <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Zahir_Shah" title="Mohammad Zahir Shah">King Muhammad Zahir Shah</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkey">Ottoman Turkey</a>, Serdar was a rank in <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_Eyalet" title="Bosnia Eyalet">Bosnia Eyalet</a> with <a href="/wiki/Herzegovina_Eyalet" title="Herzegovina Eyalet">Herzegovina Eyalet</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia Vilayet">Bosnia Vilayet</a>, encompassing entire <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, and parts of <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, as well as in other parts Ottoman Montenegro, Serbia, and other lands. Serdar was also used in the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Montenegro" title="Principality of Montenegro">Principality of Montenegro</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Principality of Serbia</a> as an honorary "title" below that of <a href="/wiki/Voivode" title="Voivode">Vojvoda</a>. For example, <a href="/wiki/Janko_Vukoti%C4%87" title="Janko Vukotić">Janko Vukotić</a> who was a military leader and former prime minister of Montenegro with title of <i>Serdar</i>. However, these were not noble titles as there was no nobility in Serbia and Montenegro and no hereditary titles apart from those borne by members of the reigning families of both countries.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>, <i>Sardar-i-Bozorg</i> was the title of both <a href="/wiki/Hossein_Khan_Sardar" title="Hossein Khan Sardar">Hossein Khan Sardar</a> and his brother Hasan Khan Qajar. Both were uncles of <a href="/wiki/Agha_Mohammad_Khan_Qajar" title="Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar">Agha Khan Qajar</a>, the King-Emperor of Persia and the Commander-in-chief under Emperor <a href="/wiki/Fat%E2%80%B2h-Ali_Shah_Qajar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar">Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1804%E2%80%931813)" title="Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)">Russo-Persian Wars of 1804</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%931828)" title="Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)">1826</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a>, village chiefs, military commanders, and noble personalities were referred to as Sardars. The title is commonly used by both Muslims and Sikhs.</li> <li>The early <a href="/wiki/Feudal" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal">feudal</a> <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a> prior to <a href="/wiki/Peshwa" title="Peshwa">Peshwa</a> administration (1674–1749) used the title <i>Sardar</i> to identify an imperial court <a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">minister</a> with military and diplomatic functions. If granted land (<i><a href="/wiki/Jagir" title="Jagir">jagir</a></i>), the title <i>Sardar</i> also marked a <a href="/wiki/Feudal_superior" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal superior">feudal superior</a> responsible for administration, defense and taxing of the granted territory (equivalent to the European title <a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">Count</a>, from the French <i>comte</i> meaning the "companion" or delegate to the <a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a> that administered a <a href="/wiki/County" title="County">county</a>). These <i>Sardars</i> of the early <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a> were <a href="/wiki/Life_peers" class="mw-redirect" title="Life peers">life peers</a>; the title was not hereditary.</li> <li>If the <i>Sardar</i> was appointed to <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander-in-Chief">Commander-in-Chief</a> of all <a href="/wiki/Maratha" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha">Maratha</a> forces, the style <i><a href="/wiki/Senapati" title="Senapati">Senapati</a></i> was used in combination (e.g., <i>Sardar Senapati</i> or <i>Sarsenapati</i> Khanderao Yesajirao <a href="/wiki/Dabhade" title="Dabhade">Dabhade</a>. The title <a href="/wiki/Senapati" title="Senapati">Senapati</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a> hereditary title, as is evidenced by the current <i><a href="/wiki/Senapati" title="Senapati">Senapati</a></i> Shrimant Sardar Padmasenraje <a href="/wiki/Dabhade" title="Dabhade">Dabhade</a> of <a href="/wiki/Talegaon_Dabhade" title="Talegaon Dabhade">Talegaon Dabhade</a>.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a>, the more administrative role of <i>Sirdar-Bahadur</i> denoted a <a href="/wiki/Governor_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor General">Governor General</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister">Chief Minister</a> of a remote <a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">province</a>; this best equates to a <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Subahdar" title="Subahdar">Subahdar</a></i> or British <a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Viceroy</a> in function and rank.</li> <li>The title <i>Sirdar</i> was used by Englishmen to describe native noblemen in <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> (e.g., <i>Sirdars</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aristocrats">Aristocrats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aristocrats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In the <a href="/wiki/Hazara_Division" title="Hazara Division">Hazara Division</a> of Pakistan, the word <i>Sardar</i> is used by the <a href="/wiki/Karlal" title="Karlal">Karlal</a> tribe, traditionally, to stress their upper-caste status.</li> <li>In the districts of <a href="/wiki/Poonch_District,_Pakistan" title="Poonch District, Pakistan">Poonch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sudhanoti_District" title="Sudhanoti District">Sudhanoti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a>, <i>Sardar</i> is used by the hybrid <a href="/wiki/Sudhan" title="Sudhan">Sudhan</a> tribe and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Douli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douli (page does not exist)">Douli</a> tribe. Also, other tribal families in Poonch use <i>Sardar</i> at the beginning of their names.</li> <li>Similarly <i>Sardar</i> is used by <a href="/wiki/Khattar_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khattar (tribe)">Khattar</a> tribe noble men, native to the districts of <a href="/wiki/Attock" title="Attock">Attock</a> and adjacent areas of <a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi" title="Rawalpindi">Rawalpindi</a>.</li> <li><i>Sardar</i> was used for important political, tribal, military and religious officers rankings by the <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikhs</a> during the period of Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" title="Ranjit Singh">Ranjit Singh</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Head_of_state">Head of state</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Head of state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In Persian, <i>Sardar i-Azam</i> was occasionally used as an alternative title for the <a href="/wiki/Shahanshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahanshah">Shahanshah</a>'s Head of government, normally styled <i><a href="/wiki/Vazir_i-Azam" class="mw-redirect" title="Vazir i-Azam">Vazir i-Azam</a></i>, notably in 1904-06 for a <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar</a> prince, Prince <a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/Abdol_Majid_Mirza" title="Abdol Majid Mirza">Abdol Majid Mirza</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a>, the first Deputy Prime Minister of India was referred to as Sardar Patel; he is also now known as the "Iron Man of India".</li> <li><i>Sadr-e-Riyasat</i> was the title of one Constitutional <a href="/wiki/Head_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of State">Head of State</a> of the princely state of <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a>, Yuvaraj Shri Karan Singhji Bahadur, who was appointed as Heir Apparent in 1931. After his father had acceded to India, ending the sovereign Monarchy, Regent in 1949 to 1956. <i>Sardar-i-Riyasat</i> 1956 to 1965 (succeeded on the death of his father as Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, 1961, no longer carrying any hereditary power), next Governor of the Indian constitutive State of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> 1965 to 1967.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Daoud_Khan" title="Mohammad Daoud Khan">Mohammad Daoud Khan</a> of Afghanistan had the title of <i>Sardar</i> as president.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saparmurat_Niyazov" title="Saparmurat Niyazov">Saparmurat Niyazov</a>, the authoritarian ruler of <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> in 1990–2006, carried a few glorifying titles, one of which was <i>Serdar</i> (“Leader”).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sardar <a href="/wiki/Sulakhan_Singh_Puar" title="Sulakhan Singh Puar">Sulakhan Singh Puar</a> of Sikh Empire had the title of Sardar. Among Sikhs, Sardar is the title used by Sikh nobles, Military leaders & village chiefs.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_title">Military title</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Military title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maratha_darbar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Maratha_darbar.jpg/220px-Maratha_darbar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Maratha_darbar.jpg/330px-Maratha_darbar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Maratha_darbar.jpg/440px-Maratha_darbar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="935" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha</a> <a href="/wiki/Durbar_(court)" title="Durbar (court)">Durbar</a> showing the Chief (<a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a>) and the nobles (Sardars, <a href="/wiki/Jagirdar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagirdar">Jagirdars</a>, Istamuradars & <a href="/wiki/Mankari" title="Mankari">Mankaris</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">state</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Sikh_sardar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/A_Sikh_sardar.jpg/220px-A_Sikh_sardar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/A_Sikh_sardar.jpg/330px-A_Sikh_sardar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/A_Sikh_sardar.jpg/440px-A_Sikh_sardar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1649" data-file-height="1658" /></a><figcaption>A Sikh sardar</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhakti_Thapa_Sardar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Bhakti_Thapa_Sardar.jpg/220px-Bhakti_Thapa_Sardar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Bhakti_Thapa_Sardar.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_Thapa" title="Bhakti Thapa">Bhakti Thapa</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Gorkhali" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorkhali">Gorkhali</a> Sardar</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The later <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a> under <a href="/wiki/Peshwa" title="Peshwa">Peshwa</a> administration (1749–1818) used the title <i>Sardar</i> to denote a <a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal">Field Marshal</a> or <a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="General of the Army">General of the Army</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sirdar_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirdar (Egypt)">Sirdar</a></i> was the official title of the British <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander-in-Chief">Commander-in-Chief</a> of the Anglo-Egyptian army.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The title <i><a href="/wiki/Serdar_(Ottoman_rank)" title="Serdar (Ottoman rank)">Serdar</a></i> is also common amongst <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks" title="Ottoman Turks">Ottomans</a> in referring to a Commander-in-Chief. The <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a> adopted this usage from the Ottomans (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Janko_Vukoti%C4%87" title="Janko Vukotić">Serdar Janko Vukotić</a>).</li> <li>In Turkish, <i>Serdar</i> or <i>Serdar-i-Ekrem</i> was the title of the Commander-in-Chief in several military operations throughout the Ottoman Empire history.</li> <li>In Afghanistan, <i>Sardar-i-Salar</i> meant <a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal">Field Marshal</a> or <a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="General of the Army">General of the Army</a>.</li> <li>In Iran, <i><a href="/wiki/Sardar_(IRGC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardar (IRGC)">Sardar</a></i> is used to address <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps</a> high-ranking officers. (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_senior_officers_of_the_Islamic_Revolutionary_Guards" class="mw-redirect" title="List of senior officers of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards">List of senior officers of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards</a>)</li> <li>During the time of <a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" title="Ranjit Singh">Maharaja Ranjit Singh</a>, the term Sardar became even more common as a title given to Sikh men. Although it was officially reserved to address a high-ranking official or a commanding chief such as a general or officer.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_usage">Modern usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The term <i>Sardar</i> is today used to refer to adult male followers of the religion of <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>, as a disproportionate number of Sikhs have honorably served in many high-ranking positions within the Indian Army. Notable examples include Generals <a href="/wiki/Joginder_Jaswant_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Joginder Jaswant Singh">Joginder Jaswant Singh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harbaksh_Singh" title="Harbaksh Singh">Harbaksh Singh</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayan</a> <a href="/wiki/Mountaineering" title="Mountaineering">mountaineering</a>, a <i>Sirdar</i> is the local leader of the <a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpas</a> and porters.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among other duties, he records the heights reached by individual Sherpas, which dictates the amounts the Sherpas will be paid.</li> <li>The title <i>Sardar</i> was granted to various writers and poets during Rana rule in Nepal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sirdar" title="HMS Sirdar">HMS <i>Sirdar</i></a> was a World War II <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> submarine.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sirdar_(fictional)" class="mw-redirect" title="HMS Sirdar (fictional)">HMS <i>Sirdar</i></a> is a fictional <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> destroyer in the novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guns_of_Navarone_(novel)" title="The Guns of Navarone (novel)">The Guns of Navarone</a></i></li> <li>"Siridar" is a title of planetary rulers in Frank Herbert's <a href="/wiki/Dune_(novel)" title="Dune (novel)"><i>Dune</i></a>. The <a href="/wiki/Padishah_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Padishah Emperor">Padishah Emperor</a>'s elite troops are also called the <i><a href="/wiki/Sardaukar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardaukar">Sardaukar</a></i>.</li> <li>Sardar is now used for leaders of a tribe in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India. Many communities and tribes in indian subcontinent, especially in <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a>, use this title, including <a href="/wiki/Dogar" title="Dogar">Dogar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jat" class="mw-redirect" title="Jat">Jat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gurjar" title="Gurjar">Gujjar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikh</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ottoman_grand_viziers" title="List of Ottoman grand viziers">List of Ottoman grand viziers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankari" title="Mankari">Mankari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamindar" title="Zamindar">Zamindar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagirdar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagirdar">Jagirdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">Feudalism in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Baloch tribes">Baloch tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhabi_Sikh" title="Mazhabi Sikh">Mazhabi Sikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_(Sherpa)" title="Sardar (Sherpa)">Sardar (Sherpa)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/jackie-kennedy-receives-horse-from-governor-of-pakistan">"Jackie Kennedy receives horse from governor of Pakistan – Mar 23, 1962 – HISTORY.com"</a>. <i>history.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160317090022/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/jackie-kennedy-receives-horse-from-governor-of-pakistan">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.com&rft.atitle=Jackie+Kennedy+receives+horse+from+governor+of+Pakistan+%E2%80%93+Mar+23%2C+1962+%E2%80%93+HISTORY.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Fjackie-kennedy-receives-horse-from-governor-of-pakistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Sirdar"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Sirdar">"Sirdar" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 154.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sirdar&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=154&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Singh, Harbans. <i>The Encyclopedia of Sikhism</i>. Vol. 2: E-L. Punjabi University, Patiala. pp. 362–3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Sikhism&rft.pages=362-3&rft.pub=Punjabi+University%2C+Patiala&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Harbans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSayre1964" class="citation book cs1">Sayre, Woodrow Wilson (1964). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fouragainstevere00sayr"><i>Four Against Everest</i></a></span>. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall. Library of Congress Catalog Card No: 64-15208 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fouragainstevere00sayr/page/223">223</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Four+Against+Everest&rft.place=Englewood+Cliffs%2C+NJ%2C+USA&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Sayre&rft.aufirst=Woodrow+Wilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffouragainstevere00sayr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/k/kapurthala.html">"Royal Kapurthala Dynasty History"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Kapurthala+Dynasty+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmembers.iinet.net.au%2F~royalty%2Fips%2Fk%2Fkapurthala.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCummings2010" class="citation book cs1">Cummings, Sally N. (2010). <i>Symbolism and Power in Central Asia: Politics of the Spectacular</i>. Milton, United Kingdom: Routledge. pp. 91–92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415575676" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415575676"><bdi>978-0415575676</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Symbolism+and+Power+in+Central+Asia%3A+Politics+of+the+Spectacular&rft.place=Milton%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=91-92&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0415575676&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=Sally+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFwww.thesardarco.com" class="citation web cs1">www.thesardarco.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thesardarco.com/blogs/blog/what-is-a-sardar">"What is a Sardar?"</a>. <i>The Sardar Co</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sardar+Co&rft.atitle=What+is+a+Sardar%3F&rft.au=www.thesardarco.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesardarco.com%2Fblogs%2Fblog%2Fwhat-is-a-sardar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSayre1964" class="citation book cs1">Sayre, Woodrow Wilson (1964). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fouragainstevere00sayr"><i>Four Against Everest</i></a></span>. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fouragainstevere00sayr/page/223">223</a>. Library of Congress Catalog Card No: 64-15208.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Four+Against+Everest&rft.place=Englewood+Cliffs%2C+NJ%2C+USA&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Sayre&rft.aufirst=Woodrow+Wilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffouragainstevere00sayr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASardar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sardar&oldid=1259680756">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sardar&oldid=1259680756</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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