CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c71584fb2cfcfa',cH: 'w.mHToC7UDg.pw3hSQvqtkiJ0GuaUiwcKLJpORMlBwY-1741318958-1.2.1.1-Beb6Xd7A1TxYkI2zqhDzrfpNCJirDBasWzaaIEdVLmmbEaUni4PYfdhUZbQ4b58P',cUPMDTk: "\/10009194\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=6CLe.tnhQ6SEFgAgODmsWq.5A3U4hn6Gp6ZBz2UNBWs-1741318958-1.0.1.1-TTYoU2.052hjr9y6HKrS2d526lpvsedK2a_ADc2cBPc",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741318958',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10009194\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=6CLe.tnhQ6SEFgAgODmsWq.5A3U4hn6Gp6ZBz2UNBWs-1741318958-1.0.1.1-TTYoU2.052hjr9y6HKrS2d526lpvsedK2a_ADc2cBPc",md: "s8d898oAhfXW8rxW3oGfG1OEClMklFj0bgiHPslu4A8-1741318958-1.2.1.1-mBQ2IGgSym.cXGvDQwaXuyf5xuVrXIftRQHSJEgBBHJScaiVGqGfDP4.q5cAZAsspEHws6AIcvMkDZFE9PrxVNzmJBrIkL9TniPjEmTutlJFs2IHOJFuKONZjuaUxgddZRMFE7F.agUo._dLP_LSE9nefTIGyDGyi82NtIBXGOkLNqdWKyPuntuzPR_UZnaILNiu1b_c1hZBMrOpTOTfanJtzlnkkaJyV4uwCC4FC2N8E3.SYvdbATYL0HYyh44iszIlUxplK9YzljsFjAthgTE7wX_f4CpgzGSlyAWklwgmgxPMGcF43eK1_InOd1.an3_BlrMGPZu3_ppEVvkOmkyyIDT85EUHuWNmu7pWJQym7tWdVfJ5f06e.oV_YVlCx6xUoZa7uy6xq4BPoYTZmig1LsjjW1wXq9ZL5ibYOUw1DyLNcbE1h1UlsLHRWdnUp1aJiZnmFb6ZfLwhrIkPaY2vbSjMbJT1Hm6t5iII2u.9RHI4WiWHJvkJc.QSDG_qIaLj9xNEzATj8pN_NWuMSRCOq7wWupKh1zWkjgynHVJhKweMqZgiKSsff7gX2LNAd2EAFhIoXnypjtpwYfnSjNSQ1ITZRPUewDeVH1iRak4txJby90X0haRvW2xOA1exzvWgsu9FdDmNSdpWpoVsg8vL8cWnpSDKUqaUIBEQphryMzRd_TP9NVvZ0GeZAj2KLjJxbcGChFHiAEgFynLGWPe0IAMdNQiMr1RxUO69_dJr6eQrik1Y0o6SdZUNKnbZUGCOKJyHiglJQUANoYJvaXN.ETeo_Q2YcI5iRVZA4OmKQ1XTxJCWQXQfLrfbM6hfTyixLkB0yLf1wzaYWGXVvVgwyNbxdoyMgNOcC6n5xnoI5nesFjaDIVJjpMS1rVCRec1Ut_K6YSeqiJ2d9JHwkLl3yxtuLHTIDShCQq2Mw4I1vLkB8A2nvA78EPs955w39YX3WfsfXL873leos6SRxCnZe5J8GtsOirhi4RG1F1DR55IAH8VfuTkz71dAb6EYgUenv1FLRP72TR9omRuuCwlRZDHfCXYSLQF13hrJwuMqzf6yRR0gCEQKlruU7qUxxPO0P.fVgF10QdoCf20vT2AIJ24BPgBudA9ea0bo18zbdKBvqbjFTCsveCMJnGPg2r7oN6kKl6NWND2Z9yRuJW3myQx47RXOR.ykFiWvaIGcj2DAI1CoAity6iITgDjUGrWGiQfP4a.ehUdA2X3RYg",mdrd: "gWhYbSAm4XAkeutxXDoNn9fyh4hTb7nKKBF5XduGEs0-1741318958-1.2.1.1-ngs6n4KHU.waXJ3v3oU7gEt79yzoxvz6qto9MeZTnHcNstz3Pe6617A65d4EuqMDPpSjDCye5d_ny2IvJkeVw0bvTaF1riqwVIkXNtIPh6G2o8vjCZL8AxNZ4uzU.FOFCBMfesNcqYr8c.FYz7d0grktyjdE2nb4yIJuUtYU0.DEtMK0TJsxtrtx4OyD855UnnxgtE8W27iUkAM2XyR1lwHIlWwTHyIeooJ.EbJbtq7zb3OGDCHSjwEHnHvlUoFyRlwikJiMyGCtuXFliMchT9fw5c6EPvCeGTlqgYQvWEGOzrdK5JAKEFsPG4GY7vSA1dz.VAJOSITje_4r2hGDWpmGdKoTYFwQI_oIakt_PmO00MOYS6fd967OCEo3oFndQrq2N9VEUEKuIEWXvi1v.rjr1oYeX2S4MYW5K8z.cN6cSMG2wcCu0BvjXqLnmg6psR7xUo8Re21ok8ptVYbGnxOR3W8ENdXLYIIzNGgQ1HLML2YXrAkXShhOe3HI.lL9cGqLwuCWzUr9Drlx0Jy5RRRe3wDiDUQI_VYN1RNgJuOhly1f9LX3BRJRE_3XnF5suS0rwi7E1lcH2DbKsHFgflek282gpkGi1rrb8E3CBcN6TU78dLRciqH9BtcHlf4x2tP384TzlLmQraPydLw.jzfkE94Db9FM_hZdu.ANfpEqDFn8o_T174mORwQZWFcjGBP_kCNEFccMf6voN7k3zRR3QisqTrPgNOLijKNK_Ykf2f_RI4qsgIPHBUC4nUqAhyT50916AIYJoT7GeQIcpPSMmRBcEog8HPZwZG4celXOKv3JG4haUWjYeyvHk8AB70bbBGo89pJpT_oCbcTIMfPyvQ0AaJUWrIz_DexPeaHXurTZvRsGtxcYswJ9v5gkVuY4Bgkd47zzg5BeXf0YZ0pKqIZDR8NHCk8l.PN10WnkyJU6yWBF2ITd.3UWlER5bxAu3t6paeMzy0x_WtopoX_lUiaNMP.Ncxgf.lK7AdlbLPlPNiDe7I4D4qzxkWNjTebjbduYqRakBFt4p2J_TsW9FwH0DTEziqRfgJdbEOmMjn8rCOsAKb_FKrTXbn0V6n9RSFGpjzYf_UqQv2fTAuFjbj89Nt_HBfxkuSLDqCddNqeosmd.VOdmzSmlzA9ft8e4ZvX_Z_vykRZU5u.ocBF0c_krlFjFhPLedqwp336PLJ_50i5qkKHM4.U_6rUkIMen2hrLUkjbwFn4BahGYhwqjgZch..YwPpcZ.bzzBnsn2RzBtaPiJt8vRGtIwIlxARyrOvguL9Wbqp9FxneQzR5MLevBEw7hutNwaTsQloQ9F5NSEKIeDKbCK9vU2n_rD00KbA1_OUZGGmeeEeBiG25lhYNZONWrEiBJuaityQivs8zaNxpzJz3bGavqbWVtEZuNDT1lRALo3Ly2Hbii7MjqmGDuIxZnDAIw_C3PU.wJvK2VnO9NFYPsB7IIQi80z5G9wAElTBKpHgrxih4YK5IJ2pJqHKoOENPlIPy64wNZIFvN2V3A4JtEzLRXx5DTp8gh3uomhrsGvHHbu1PZBFqXQ2nbbHtXVGCmYqSqZFHE6qk9XgMRNcDpz.2MtRAnjFlWXiCfGfwWj0YVP0sC5gDPsbbhN7AfUISJecN9KpVzZkV0wrbGJGgIzI0J42.dA3Sw8Tgzh.IMpT.LLqrnIVaIZqkgCeK5fW7mZqjEXyJFpRsxiJcztsjBzg8JTXOMAEKG99FG8xO8TA4LtZeWzYLSjQDU62uEgBpkfXnQWZfmYat6zkh313Sik8B.nFWs8GiTXtvmXAdRU1EL7Z2fpPvd7A6PhA2OvLKsFNsvIeTHn3VJJ5cAZBxN25teUosKqNeWFnYp3ByeSh82zXrNyy4lFOORWfno8EHy1SENOa6HYYCkghHZ8kcStOEmK_fJbcVXhux6nE1dboHcijktegEVC25w7pYVVM5lj_qFxYL0dvH7vEQ_XI3NYfZkU9UsaAixlxxQqR7PomV3.52mA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c71584fb2cfcfa';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10009194\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=6CLe.tnhQ6SEFgAgODmsWq.5A3U4hn6Gp6ZBz2UNBWs-1741318958-1.0.1.1-TTYoU2.052hjr9y6HKrS2d526lpvsedK2a_ADc2cBPc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>