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<ul id="toc-Higher_numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zero" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zero"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Zero</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zero-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Greek numerals</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griechische_Zahlen" title="Griechische Zahlen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Griechische Zahlen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أعداد اغريقية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أعداد اغريقية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numberaci%C3%B3n_griega" title="Numberación griega – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Numberación griega" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunan_r%C9%99q%C9%99ml%C9%99ri" title="Yunan rəqəmləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yunan rəqəmləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Грэчаская сістэма злічэння – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грэчаская сістэма злічэння" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Гръцки цифри – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гръцки цифри" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeraci%C3%B3_grega" title="Numeració grega – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Numeració grega" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98eck%C3%A9_%C4%8D%C3%ADslice" title="Řecké číslice – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Řecké číslice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_rhifolion_Groegaidd" title="System rhifolion Groegaidd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="System rhifolion Groegaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griechische_Zahlzeichen" title="Griechische Zahlzeichen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Griechische Zahlzeichen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Ελληνικό σύστημα αρίθμησης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελληνικό σύστημα αρίθμησης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeraci%C3%B3n_griega" title="Numeración griega – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Numeración griega" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grekaj_ciferoj" title="Grekaj ciferoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grekaj ciferoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="اعداد یونانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اعداد یونانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Num%C3%A9ration_grecque" title="Numération grecque – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Numération grecque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeraci%C3%B3n_grega" title="Numeración grega – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Numeración grega" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4_%EC%88%AB%EC%9E%90" title="그리스 숫자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그리스 숫자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Հունական թվային համակարգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հունական թվային համակարգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95" title="यूनानी संख्यांक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यूनानी संख्यांक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angka_Yunani" title="Angka Yunani – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Angka Yunani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%ADskir_t%C3%B6lustafir" title="Grískir tölustafir – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Grískir tölustafir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_di_numerazione_greco" title="Sistema di numerazione greco – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sistema di numerazione greco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="ספרות יווניות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספרות יווניות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeri_Graeci" title="Numeri Graeci – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Numeri Graeci" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6r%C3%B6g_sz%C3%A1m%C3%ADr%C3%A1s" title="Görög számírás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Görög számírás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Грчки броеви – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Грчки броеви" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angka_Yunani" title="Angka Yunani – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Angka Yunani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griekse_cijfers" title="Griekse cijfers – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Griekse cijfers" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="ギリシアの数字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ギリシアの数字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greeksche_Tallen" title="Greeksche Tallen – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Greeksche Tallen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecki_system_liczbowy" title="Grecki system liczbowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grecki system liczbowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerais_gregos" title="Numerais gregos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Numerais gregos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numera%C8%9Bia_greac%C4%83" title="Numerația greacă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Numerația greacă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Греческая система счисления – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Греческая система счисления" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numrat_Grek%C3%AB" title="Numrat Grekë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Numrat Grekë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_numerals" title="Greek numerals – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Greek numerals" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cke_%C4%8D%C3%ADslice" title="Grécke číslice – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Grécke číslice" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C5%A1ke_%C5%A1tevilke" title="Grške številke – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Grške številke" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Грчки бројеви – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Грчки бројеви" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki_brojevi" title="Grčki brojevi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grčki brojevi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreikkalaiset_numerot" title="Kreikkalaiset numerot – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kreikkalaiset numerot" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grekiska_siffror" title="Grekiska siffror – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grekiska siffror" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunan_rakamlar%C4%B1" title="Yunan rakamları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yunan rakamları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Грецька система числення – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Грецька система числення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="یونانی گنتی اور اعداد – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یونانی گنتی اور اعداد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="希腊数字 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="希腊数字" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Numeral_systems" title="Category:Numeral systems">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Numeral_system" title="Numeral system">Numeral systems</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Positional_notation" title="Positional notation">Place-value notation</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu–Arabic numerals</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_numerals" title="Arabic numerals">Western Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Arabic_numerals" title="Eastern Arabic numerals">Eastern Arabic</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_numerals" title="Bengali numerals">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_numerals" title="Devanagari numerals">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_numerals" title="Gujarati numerals">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi_numerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurmukhi numerals">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_numerals" title="Odia numerals">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_numerals" title="Sinhala numerals">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_numerals" title="Tamil numerals">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_numerals" title="Malayalam numerals">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script#Numerals" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script#Numerals" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_numerals" title="Dzongkha numerals">Dzongkha</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_numerals" title="Tibetan numerals">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_numerals" title="Balinese numerals">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_numerals" title="Burmese numerals">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_numerals" title="Javanese numerals">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_numerals" title="Khmer numerals">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script#Numerals" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_numerals" title="Mongolian numerals">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_numerals" title="Sundanese numerals">Sundanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_numerals" title="Thai numerals">Thai</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">East Asian systems</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Contemporary</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_numerals" title="Chinese numerals">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_numerals" title="Suzhou numerals">Suzhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien_numerals" title="Hokkien numerals">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_numerals" title="Japanese numerals">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_numerals" title="Korean numerals">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_numerals" title="Vietnamese numerals">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Historic</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counting_rods" title="Counting rods">Counting rods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_numerals" title="Tangut numerals">Tangut</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Other systems</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_numeral_systems" title="History of ancient numeral systems">History</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_cuneiform_numerals" title="Babylonian cuneiform numerals">Babylonian</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_history" title="Post-classical history">Post-classical</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cistercian_numerals" title="Cistercian numerals">Cistercian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_numerals" title="Maya numerals">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentadic_numerals" title="Pentadic numerals">Pentadic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quipu" title="Quipu">Quipu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi_Numeral_Symbols" title="Rumi Numeral Symbols">Rumi</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Contemporary</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary#Numerals" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaktovik_numerals" title="Kaktovik numerals">Kaktovik</a> (Iñupiaq)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">By <a href="/wiki/Radix" title="Radix">radix/base</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Common radices/bases</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binary_number" title="Binary number">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ternary_numeral_system" title="Ternary numeral system">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaternary_numeral_system" title="Quaternary numeral system">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinary" title="Quinary">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senary" title="Senary">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octal" title="Octal">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decimal" title="Decimal">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duodecimal" title="Duodecimal">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigesimal" title="Vigesimal">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexagesimal" title="Sexagesimal">60</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Non-standard_positional_numeral_systems" title="Non-standard positional numeral systems">Non-standard radices/bases</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bijective_numeration" title="Bijective numeration">Bijective</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/Unary_numeral_system" title="Unary numeral system">1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signed-digit_representation" title="Signed-digit representation">Signed-digit</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/Balanced_ternary" title="Balanced ternary">balanced ternary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_radix" title="Mixed radix">Mixed</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/Factorial_number_system" title="Factorial number system">factorial</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_base" title="Negative base">Negative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex-base_system" title="Complex-base system">Complex</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/Quater-imaginary_base" title="Quater-imaginary base">2<i>i</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-integer_base_of_numeration" title="Non-integer base of numeration">Non-integer</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/Golden_ratio_base" title="Golden ratio base">φ</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_numeral_systems" title="Asymmetric numeral systems">Asymmetric</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Sign-value_notation" title="Sign-value notation">Sign-value notation</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Non-alphabetic</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_numerals" title="Aegean numerals">Aegean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script#Numerals" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_numerals" title="Brahmi numerals">Brahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_numerals" title="Chuvash numerals">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_numerals" title="Egyptian numerals">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_numerals" title="Etruscan numerals">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi_numerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharosthi numerals">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_counting" title="Prehistoric counting">Prehistoric counting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-cuneiform" title="Proto-cuneiform">Proto-cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tally_marks" title="Tally marks">Tally marks</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Alphabetic_numeral_system" title="Alphabetic numeral system">Alphabetic</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_numerals" title="Armenian numerals">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphasyllabic_numeral_system" title="Alphasyllabic numeral system">Alphasyllabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aksharapalli" title="Aksharapalli">Akṣarapallī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80ryabha%E1%B9%ADa_numeration" title="Āryabhaṭa numeration">Āryabhaṭa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katapayadi_system" title="Katapayadi system">Kaṭapayādi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_numerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic numerals">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_numerals" title="Cyrillic numerals">Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script#Numerals" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_numerals" title="Georgian numerals">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_numerals" title="Glagolitic numerals">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_numerals" title="Hebrew numerals">Hebrew</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_numeral_systems" title="List of numeral systems">List of numeral systems</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output 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.side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">special characters</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Greek numerals</b>, also known as <b>Ionic</b>, <b>Ionian</b>, <b>Milesian</b>, or <b>Alexandrian numerals</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Numeral_system" title="Numeral system">system of writing numbers</a> using the letters of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a>. In modern <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, they are still used for <a href="/wiki/Ordinal_number_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordinal number (linguistics)">ordinal numbers</a> and in contexts similar to those in which <a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a> are still used in the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a>. For ordinary <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_number_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal number (linguistics)">cardinal numbers</a>, however, modern Greece uses <a href="/wiki/Arabic_numerals" title="Arabic numerals">Arabic numerals</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_numerals&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Minoans" class="mw-redirect" title="Minoans">Minoan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Mycenaean civilization">Mycenaean civilizations</a>' <a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a> alphabets used a different system, called <a href="/wiki/Aegean_numerals" title="Aegean numerals">Aegean numerals</a>, which included number-only symbols for powers of ten: <span title="Mycenaean Greek-language text"><span lang="gmy">𐄇</span></span> = 1, <span title="Mycenaean Greek-language text"><span lang="gmy">𐄐</span></span> = 10, <span title="Mycenaean Greek-language text"><span lang="gmy">𐄙</span></span> = 100, <span title="Mycenaean Greek-language text"><span lang="gmy">𐄢</span></span> = 1000, and <span title="Mycenaean Greek-language text"><span lang="gmy">𐄫</span></span> = 10000.<sup id="cite_ref-Verdun-2007-03-20_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Verdun-2007-03-20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic numerals</a> composed another system that came into use perhaps in the 7th century BC. They were <a href="/wiki/Acrophonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Acrophonic">acrophonic</a>, derived (after the initial one) from the first letters of the names of the numbers represented. They ran <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Zeta_archaic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Greek_Zeta_archaic.svg/13px-Greek_Zeta_archaic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Greek_Zeta_archaic.svg/19px-Greek_Zeta_archaic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Greek_Zeta_archaic.svg/26px-Greek_Zeta_archaic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> = 1, <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Pi_archaic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Greek_Pi_archaic.svg/13px-Greek_Pi_archaic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Greek_Pi_archaic.svg/19px-Greek_Pi_archaic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Greek_Pi_archaic.svg/26px-Greek_Pi_archaic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> = 5, <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Delta_04.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Greek_Delta_04.svg/13px-Greek_Delta_04.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Greek_Delta_04.svg/19px-Greek_Delta_04.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Greek_Delta_04.svg/26px-Greek_Delta_04.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> = 10, <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Eta_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Greek_Eta_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Eta_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Greek_Eta_classical.svg/18px-Greek_Eta_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Greek_Eta_classical.svg/24px-Greek_Eta_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span> = 100, <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Chi_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Greek_Chi_normal.svg/13px-Greek_Chi_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Greek_Chi_normal.svg/19px-Greek_Chi_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Greek_Chi_normal.svg/26px-Greek_Chi_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> = 1,000, and <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Mu_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Greek_Mu_classical.svg/14px-Greek_Mu_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Greek_Mu_classical.svg/21px-Greek_Mu_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Greek_Mu_classical.svg/28px-Greek_Mu_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="80" /></a></span> = 10,000. The numbers 50, 500, 5,000, and 50,000 were represented by the letter <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Pi_archaic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Greek_Pi_archaic.svg/13px-Greek_Pi_archaic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Greek_Pi_archaic.svg/19px-Greek_Pi_archaic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Greek_Pi_archaic.svg/26px-Greek_Pi_archaic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> with minuscule powers of ten written in the top right corner: <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Attic_00050.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Attic_00050.svg/16px-Attic_00050.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Attic_00050.svg/24px-Attic_00050.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Attic_00050.svg/32px-Attic_00050.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span>, <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Attic_00500.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Attic_00500.svg/16px-Attic_00500.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Attic_00500.svg/24px-Attic_00500.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Attic_00500.svg/32px-Attic_00500.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span>, <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Attic_05000.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Attic_05000.svg/16px-Attic_05000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Attic_05000.svg/24px-Attic_05000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Attic_05000.svg/32px-Attic_05000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span>, and <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Attic_50000.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Attic_50000.svg/16px-Attic_50000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Attic_50000.svg/24px-Attic_50000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Attic_50000.svg/32px-Attic_50000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Verdun-2007-03-20_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Verdun-2007-03-20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One-half was represented by <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1180947483">.mw-parser-output .polytonic{font-family:"SBL BibLit","SBL Greek","New Athena Unicode","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Foulis Greek","Garamond Libre","Noto Sans","Noto Serif","Cardo","Gentium Plus","Gentium Book Plus","Garamond","Palatino Linotype","DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif","FreeSerif","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Code2000",sans-serif}</style><span class="polytonic">𐅁</span> (left half of a full circle) and one-quarter by ɔ (right side of a full circle). The same system was used outside of <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a>, but the symbols varied with the <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">local alphabets</a>, for example, 1,000 was <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Psi_V-shaped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Greek_Psi_V-shaped.svg/13px-Greek_Psi_V-shaped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Greek_Psi_V-shaped.svg/19px-Greek_Psi_V-shaped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Greek_Psi_V-shaped.svg/26px-Greek_Psi_V-shaped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> in <a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Heath-2003_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heath-2003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The present system probably developed around <a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Miletus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a>. 19th century classicists placed its development in the 3rd century BC, the occasion of its first widespread use.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More thorough <a href="/wiki/Modern_archaeology" title="Modern archaeology">modern archaeology</a> has caused the date to be pushed back at least to the 5th century BC,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a little before <a href="/wiki/Athens_(city-state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens (city-state)">Athens</a> abandoned its <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">pre-Eucleidean alphabet</a> in favour of <a href="/wiki/Ionic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionic alphabet">Miletus</a>'s in 402 BC, and it may predate that by a century or two.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The present system uses the 24 letters adopted under <a href="/wiki/Eucleides" title="Eucleides">Eucleides</a>, as well as three <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> and Ionic ones that had not been dropped from the Athenian alphabet (although kept for numbers): <a href="/wiki/Digamma_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Digamma (letter)">digamma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koppa_(letter)" title="Koppa (letter)">koppa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sampi_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sampi (letter)">sampi</a>. The position of those characters within the numbering system imply that the first two were still in use (or at least remembered as letters) while the third was not. The exact dating, particularly for <a href="/wiki/Sampi" title="Sampi">sampi</a>, is problematic since its uncommon value means the first attested representative near Miletus does not appear until the 2nd century BC,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its use is unattested in Athens until the 2nd century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (In general, Athenians resisted using the new numerals for the longest of any Greek state, but had fully adopted them by <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 50 CE</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Heath-2003_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heath-2003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_numerals&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_minuscule_numerals_Cod.Const.Pal.Vet.f96r.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Greek_minuscule_numerals_Cod.Const.Pal.Vet.f96r.svg/220px-Greek_minuscule_numerals_Cod.Const.Pal.Vet.f96r.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Greek_minuscule_numerals_Cod.Const.Pal.Vet.f96r.svg/330px-Greek_minuscule_numerals_Cod.Const.Pal.Vet.f96r.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Greek_minuscule_numerals_Cod.Const.Pal.Vet.f96r.svg/440px-Greek_minuscule_numerals_Cod.Const.Pal.Vet.f96r.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="191" data-file-height="49" /></a><figcaption>Greek numerals in a <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1100</span> <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> manuscript of <a href="/wiki/Hero_of_Alexandria" title="Hero of Alexandria">Hero of Alexandria</a>'s <i>Metrika</i>. The first line contains the number "<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">͵θϡϟϛ</span> δʹ ϛʹ</span></span>", i.e. "<span class="nowrap">9,996 + <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> + <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">6</span></span></span>". It features each of the special numeral symbols <a href="/wiki/Sampi" title="Sampi">sampi</a> (ϡ), <a href="/wiki/Koppa_(letter)" title="Koppa (letter)">koppa</a> (ϟ), and <a href="/wiki/Stigma_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stigma (letter)">stigma</a> (ϛ) in their <a href="/wiki/Greek_minuscule" title="Greek minuscule">minuscule</a> forms.</figcaption></figure> <p>Greek numerals are <a href="/wiki/Decimal" title="Decimal">decimal</a>, based on powers of 10. The units from 1 to 9 are assigned to the first nine letters of the old <a href="/wiki/Ionic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionic alphabet">Ionic alphabet</a> from <a href="/wiki/Alpha_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha (letter)">alpha</a> to <a href="/wiki/Theta_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theta (letter)">theta</a>. Instead of reusing these numbers to form multiples of the higher powers of ten, however, each multiple of ten from 10 to 90 was assigned its own separate letter from the next nine letters of the Ionic alphabet from <a href="/wiki/Iota_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iota (letter)">iota</a> to <a href="/wiki/Koppa_(letter)" title="Koppa (letter)">koppa</a>. Each multiple of one hundred from 100 to 900 was then assigned its own separate letter as well, from <a href="/wiki/Rho_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rho (letter)">rho</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sampi_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sampi (letter)">sampi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (That this was not the traditional location of sampi in the Ionic alphabetical order has led classicists to conclude that sampi had fallen into disuse as a letter by the time the system was created.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>) </p><p>This <a href="/wiki/Alphabetic_numeral_system" title="Alphabetic numeral system">alphabetic system</a> operates on the additive principle in which the numeric values of the letters are added together to obtain the total. For example, 241 was represented as <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sigma_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Greek_Sigma_classical.svg/13px-Greek_Sigma_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Greek_Sigma_classical.svg/19px-Greek_Sigma_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Greek_Sigma_classical.svg/26px-Greek_Sigma_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="65" data-file-height="80" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Mu_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Greek_Mu_classical.svg/14px-Greek_Mu_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Greek_Mu_classical.svg/21px-Greek_Mu_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Greek_Mu_classical.svg/28px-Greek_Mu_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="80" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Alpha_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Greek_Alpha_classical.svg/14px-Greek_Alpha_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Greek_Alpha_classical.svg/21px-Greek_Alpha_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Greek_Alpha_classical.svg/28px-Greek_Alpha_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="80" /></a></span> (200 + 40 + 1). (It was not always the case that the numbers ran from highest to lowest: a 4th-century BC inscription at Athens placed the units to the left of the tens. This practice continued in <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> well into the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Greece">Roman period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-heman_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heman-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) In ancient and medieval manuscripts, these numerals were eventually distinguished from letters using <a href="/wiki/Overbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Overbar">overbars</a>: <span style="text-decoration:overline;">α</span>, <span style="text-decoration:overline;">β</span>, <span style="text-decoration:overline;">γ</span>, etc. In medieval manuscripts of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">number of the Beast</a> 666 is written as <span style="text-decoration:overline;">χξϛ</span> (600 + 60 + 6). (Numbers larger than 1,000 reused the same letters but included various marks to note the change.) Fractions were indicated as the denominator followed by a <i>keraia</i> (ʹ); γʹ indicated one third, δʹ one fourth and so on. As an exception, special symbol ∠ʹ indicated one half, and γ°ʹ or γoʹ was two-thirds. These fractions were additive (also known as <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_fraction" title="Egyptian fraction">Egyptian fractions</a>); for example <span class="nowrap">δʹ ϛʹ</span> indicated <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> + <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">6</span></span> = <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">12</span></span></span>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Add_19391_19-20.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Add_19391_19-20.png/300px-Add_19391_19-20.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Add_19391_19-20.png/450px-Add_19391_19-20.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Add_19391_19-20.png/600px-Add_19391_19-20.png 2x" data-file-width="2512" data-file-height="1828" /></a><figcaption>A 14th-century Byzantine map of the British Isles from a manuscript of <a href="/wiki/Claudius_Ptolemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Claudius Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy%27s_Geography" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy's Geography"><i>Geography</i></a>, using Greek numerals for its <a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">graticule</a>: 52–63°N of the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a> and 6–33°E from Ptolemy's <a href="/wiki/Prime_Meridian" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Meridian">Prime Meridian</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Fortunate_Isles" title="Fortunate Isles">Fortunate Isles</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although the <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet#Letter_shapes" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a> began with only <a href="/wiki/Majuscule" class="mw-redirect" title="Majuscule">majuscule</a> forms, surviving <a href="/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">papyrus</a> manuscripts from <a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Egypt</a> show that <a href="/wiki/Uncial" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncial">uncial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cursive" title="Cursive">cursive</a> <a href="/wiki/Greek_minuscule" title="Greek minuscule">minuscule</a> forms began early.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="When? Minuscule was introduced in Constantinople not earlier than the first half of the 9th century, see Talk Uppercase/Lowercase (August 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These new letter forms sometimes replaced the former ones, especially in the case of the obscure numerals. The old Q-shaped koppa (Ϙ) began to be broken up (<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Koppa_cursive_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Greek_Koppa_cursive_02.svg/11px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Greek_Koppa_cursive_02.svg/17px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Greek_Koppa_cursive_02.svg/22px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="28" data-file-height="40" /></a></span> and <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Koppa_cursive_03.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greek_Koppa_cursive_03.svg/10px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_03.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greek_Koppa_cursive_03.svg/15px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_03.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greek_Koppa_cursive_03.svg/20px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_03.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="40" /></a></span>) and simplified (<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Koppa_cursive_04.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Greek_Koppa_cursive_04.svg/11px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_04.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Greek_Koppa_cursive_04.svg/17px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_04.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Greek_Koppa_cursive_04.svg/22px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_04.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="28" data-file-height="40" /></a></span> and <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Koppa_cursive_05.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Greek_Koppa_cursive_05.svg/11px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_05.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Greek_Koppa_cursive_05.svg/17px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_05.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Greek_Koppa_cursive_05.svg/22px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_05.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="28" data-file-height="40" /></a></span>). The numeral for 6 changed several times. During antiquity, the original letter form of digamma (Ϝ) came to be avoided in favour of a special numerical one (<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Digamma_angular.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Greek_Digamma_angular.svg/13px-Greek_Digamma_angular.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Greek_Digamma_angular.svg/19px-Greek_Digamma_angular.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Greek_Digamma_angular.svg/26px-Greek_Digamma_angular.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span>). By the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Greek">Byzantine era</a>, the letter was known as <a href="/wiki/Digamma#Episemon" title="Digamma">episemon</a> and written as <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Digamma_cursive_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Greek_Digamma_cursive_02.svg/12px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Greek_Digamma_cursive_02.svg/18px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Greek_Digamma_cursive_02.svg/24px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="40" /></a></span> or <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Digamma_cursive_06.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Greek_Digamma_cursive_06.svg/12px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_06.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Greek_Digamma_cursive_06.svg/18px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_06.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Greek_Digamma_cursive_06.svg/24px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_06.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="40" /></a></span>. This eventually merged with the <a href="/wiki/Sigma_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigma (letter)">sigma</a>-<a href="/wiki/Tau_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tau (letter)">tau</a> <a href="/wiki/Typographic_ligature" class="mw-redirect" title="Typographic ligature">ligature</a> <a href="/wiki/Stigma_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stigma (letter)">stigma</a> ϛ (<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg/13px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg/19px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg/25px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="40" /></a></span> or <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg/12px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg/18px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg/24px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="40" /></a></span>). </p><p><span class="anchor" id="keraia"></span>In <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek" title="Modern Greek">modern Greek</a>, a number of other changes have been made. Instead of extending an over bar over an entire number, the <i><b>keraia</b></i> (<span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">κεραία</span></span>, <small>lit.</small> "hornlike projection") is marked to its upper right, a development of the short marks formerly used for single numbers and fractions. The modern <i>keraia</i> (´) is a symbol similar to the <a href="/wiki/Acute_accent" title="Acute accent">acute accent</a> (´), the <a href="/wiki/Tonos" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonos">tonos</a> (U+0384,΄) and the prime symbol (U+02B9, ʹ), but has its own <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> character as U+0374. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>'s father <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II of Macedon</a> is thus known as <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Φίλιππος Βʹ</span></span> in modern Greek. A lower left <i>keraia</i> (Unicode: U+0375, "Greek Lower Numeral Sign") is now standard for distinguishing thousands: 2019 is represented as ͵ΒΙΘʹ (<span class="nowrap">2 × 1,000 + 10 + 9</span>). </p><p>The declining use of ligatures in the 20th century also means that stigma is frequently written as the separate letters ΣΤʹ, although a single <i>keraia</i> is used for the group.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isopsephy">Isopsephy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_numerals&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Isopsephy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Isopsephy" title="Isopsephy">Isopsephy</a></div> <p>The practice of adding up the number values of Greek letters of words, names and phrases, thus connecting the meaning of words, names and phrases with others with equivalent numeric sums, is called <i><a href="/wiki/Isopsephy" title="Isopsephy">isopsephy</a></i>. Similar practices for the Hebrew and English are called <i><a href="/wiki/Gematria" title="Gematria">gematria</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/English_Qaballa" title="English Qaballa">English Qaballa</a>, respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Table">Table</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_numerals&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Table"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Chart"></span><span class="anchor" id="List"></span> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ancient</th> <th>Byzantine</th> <th>Modern</th> <th>Value </th> <th></th> <th>Ancient</th> <th>Byzantine</th> <th>Modern</th> <th>Value </th> <th></th> <th>Ancient</th> <th>Byzantine</th> <th>Modern</th> <th>Value </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Alpha_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Greek_Alpha_classical.svg/14px-Greek_Alpha_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Greek_Alpha_classical.svg/21px-Greek_Alpha_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Greek_Alpha_classical.svg/28px-Greek_Alpha_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>α̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Αʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="1 (number)">1</a> </td> <td rowspan="18"> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Iota_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Greek_Iota_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Iota_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Greek_Iota_classical.svg/18px-Greek_Iota_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Greek_Iota_classical.svg/24px-Greek_Iota_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>ι̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Ιʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/10_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="10 (number)">10</a> </td> <td rowspan="18"> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Rho_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Greek_Rho_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Rho_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Greek_Rho_classical.svg/18px-Greek_Rho_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Greek_Rho_classical.svg/24px-Greek_Rho_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>ρ̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Ρʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/100_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="100 (number)">100</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Beta_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Greek_Beta_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Beta_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Greek_Beta_classical.svg/18px-Greek_Beta_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Greek_Beta_classical.svg/24px-Greek_Beta_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>β̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Βʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="2 (number)">2</a></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Kappa_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Greek_Kappa_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Kappa_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Greek_Kappa_classical.svg/18px-Greek_Kappa_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Greek_Kappa_classical.svg/24px-Greek_Kappa_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>κ̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Κʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/20_(number)" title="20 (number)">20</a></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sigma_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Greek_Sigma_classical.svg/13px-Greek_Sigma_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Greek_Sigma_classical.svg/19px-Greek_Sigma_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Greek_Sigma_classical.svg/26px-Greek_Sigma_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="65" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>σ̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Σʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/200_(number)" title="200 (number)">200</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Gamma_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Greek_Gamma_classical.svg/14px-Greek_Gamma_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Greek_Gamma_classical.svg/21px-Greek_Gamma_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Greek_Gamma_classical.svg/28px-Greek_Gamma_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>γ̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Γʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/3_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="3 (number)">3</a></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Lambda_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Greek_Lambda_classical.svg/14px-Greek_Lambda_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Greek_Lambda_classical.svg/21px-Greek_Lambda_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Greek_Lambda_classical.svg/28px-Greek_Lambda_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>λ̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Λʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/30_(number)" title="30 (number)">30</a></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Tau_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Greek_Tau_classical.svg/13px-Greek_Tau_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Greek_Tau_classical.svg/19px-Greek_Tau_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Greek_Tau_classical.svg/26px-Greek_Tau_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="65" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>τ̅</td> <td>Τʹ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/300_(number)" title="300 (number)">300</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Delta_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Greek_Delta_classical.svg/14px-Greek_Delta_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Greek_Delta_classical.svg/21px-Greek_Delta_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Greek_Delta_classical.svg/28px-Greek_Delta_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>δ̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Δʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/4_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="4 (number)">4</a></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Mu_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Greek_Mu_classical.svg/14px-Greek_Mu_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Greek_Mu_classical.svg/21px-Greek_Mu_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Greek_Mu_classical.svg/28px-Greek_Mu_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>μ̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Μʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/40_(number)" title="40 (number)">40</a></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Upsilon_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Greek_Upsilon_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Upsilon_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Greek_Upsilon_classical.svg/18px-Greek_Upsilon_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Greek_Upsilon_classical.svg/24px-Greek_Upsilon_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>υ̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Υʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/400_(number)" title="400 (number)">400</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Epsilon_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Greek_Epsilon_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Epsilon_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Greek_Epsilon_classical.svg/18px-Greek_Epsilon_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Greek_Epsilon_classical.svg/24px-Greek_Epsilon_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>ε̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Εʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/5_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="5 (number)">5</a></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Nu_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Greek_Nu_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Nu_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Greek_Nu_classical.svg/18px-Greek_Nu_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Greek_Nu_classical.svg/24px-Greek_Nu_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>ν̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Νʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/50_(number)" title="50 (number)">50</a></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Phi_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Greek_Phi_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Phi_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Greek_Phi_classical.svg/18px-Greek_Phi_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Greek_Phi_classical.svg/24px-Greek_Phi_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>φ̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Φʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/500_(number)" title="500 (number)">500</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Digamma_oblique.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Greek_Digamma_oblique.svg/13px-Greek_Digamma_oblique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Greek_Digamma_oblique.svg/19px-Greek_Digamma_oblique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Greek_Digamma_oblique.svg/26px-Greek_Digamma_oblique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Digamma_angular.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Greek_Digamma_angular.svg/13px-Greek_Digamma_angular.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Greek_Digamma_angular.svg/19px-Greek_Digamma_angular.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Greek_Digamma_angular.svg/26px-Greek_Digamma_angular.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Digamma_cursive_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Greek_Digamma_cursive_02.svg/12px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Greek_Digamma_cursive_02.svg/18px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Greek_Digamma_cursive_02.svg/24px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="40" /></a></span> and <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg/12px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg/18px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg/24px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="40" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Digamma_cursive_06.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Greek_Digamma_cursive_06.svg/12px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_06.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Greek_Digamma_cursive_06.svg/18px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_06.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Greek_Digamma_cursive_06.svg/24px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_06.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="40" /></a></span> and <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg/13px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg/19px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg/25px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="40" /></a></span></td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Ϛʹ</span></span><br />Ϝʹ<br />ΣΤʹ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/6_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="6 (number)">6</a></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Xi_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Greek_Xi_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Xi_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Greek_Xi_classical.svg/18px-Greek_Xi_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Greek_Xi_classical.svg/24px-Greek_Xi_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>ξ̅</td> <td>Ξʹ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/60_(number)" title="60 (number)">60</a></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Chi_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Greek_Chi_classical.svg/13px-Greek_Chi_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Greek_Chi_classical.svg/19px-Greek_Chi_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Greek_Chi_classical.svg/26px-Greek_Chi_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="65" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>χ̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Χʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/600_(number)" title="600 (number)">600</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Zeta_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Greek_Zeta_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Zeta_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Greek_Zeta_classical.svg/18px-Greek_Zeta_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Greek_Zeta_classical.svg/24px-Greek_Zeta_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>ζ̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Ζʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/7_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="7 (number)">7</a></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Omicron_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Greek_Omicron_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Omicron_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Greek_Omicron_classical.svg/18px-Greek_Omicron_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Greek_Omicron_classical.svg/24px-Greek_Omicron_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>ο̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Οʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/70_(number)" title="70 (number)">70</a></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Psi_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Greek_Psi_classical.svg/13px-Greek_Psi_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Greek_Psi_classical.svg/19px-Greek_Psi_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Greek_Psi_classical.svg/26px-Greek_Psi_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="65" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>ψ̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Ψʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/700_(number)" title="700 (number)">700</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Eta_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Greek_Eta_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Eta_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Greek_Eta_classical.svg/18px-Greek_Eta_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Greek_Eta_classical.svg/24px-Greek_Eta_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>η̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Ηʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/8_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="8 (number)">8</a></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Pi_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Greek_Pi_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Pi_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Greek_Pi_classical.svg/18px-Greek_Pi_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Greek_Pi_classical.svg/24px-Greek_Pi_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>π̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Πʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/80_(number)" title="80 (number)">80</a></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Omega_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Greek_Omega_classical.svg/15px-Greek_Omega_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Greek_Omega_classical.svg/22px-Greek_Omega_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Greek_Omega_classical.svg/30px-Greek_Omega_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>ω̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Ωʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/800_(number)" title="800 (number)">800</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Theta_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Greek_Theta_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Theta_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Greek_Theta_classical.svg/18px-Greek_Theta_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Greek_Theta_classical.svg/24px-Greek_Theta_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>θ̅</td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Θʹ</span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/9_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="9 (number)">9</a></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Koppa_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Greek_Koppa_normal.svg/13px-Greek_Koppa_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Greek_Koppa_normal.svg/19px-Greek_Koppa_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Greek_Koppa_normal.svg/26px-Greek_Koppa_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Koppa_cursive_01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Greek_Koppa_cursive_01.svg/10px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Greek_Koppa_cursive_01.svg/15px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Greek_Koppa_cursive_01.svg/20px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="40" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Koppa_cursive_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Greek_Koppa_cursive_02.svg/11px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Greek_Koppa_cursive_02.svg/17px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Greek_Koppa_cursive_02.svg/22px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="28" data-file-height="40" /></a></span> and <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Koppa_cursive_04.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Greek_Koppa_cursive_04.svg/11px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_04.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Greek_Koppa_cursive_04.svg/17px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_04.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Greek_Koppa_cursive_04.svg/22px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_04.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="28" data-file-height="40" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Koppa_cursive_03.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greek_Koppa_cursive_03.svg/10px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_03.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greek_Koppa_cursive_03.svg/15px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_03.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greek_Koppa_cursive_03.svg/20px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_03.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="40" /></a></span> and <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Koppa_cursive_05.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Greek_Koppa_cursive_05.svg/11px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_05.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Greek_Koppa_cursive_05.svg/17px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_05.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Greek_Koppa_cursive_05.svg/22px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_05.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="28" data-file-height="40" /></a></span></td> <td>Ϟʹ<br />Ϙʹ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/90_(number)" title="90 (number)">90</a></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_Ionian.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Greek_Sampi_Ionian.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_Ionian.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Greek_Sampi_Ionian.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_Ionian.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Greek_Sampi_Ionian.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_Ionian.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_05.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_05.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_05.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_05.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_05.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_05.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_05.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> and <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_15.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_15.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_15.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_15.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_06.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_06.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_06.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_06.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_06.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_06.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_06.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> and <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_09.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_09.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_09.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_09.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_09.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_09.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_09.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_03.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_03.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_03.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_03.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_03.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_03.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_03.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> and <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_07.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_07.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_07.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_07.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_07.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_07.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_07.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_08.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_08.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_08.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_08.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_08.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_08.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_08.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_10.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_10.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_10.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_10.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> and <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_11.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_11.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_11.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_11.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_11.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_11.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_11.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_14.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_14.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_14.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_14.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_14.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_14.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_14.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> and <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_13.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_13.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_13.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_13.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_13.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_13.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_13.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sampi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sampi.svg/13px-Sampi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sampi.svg/19px-Sampi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sampi.svg/25px-Sampi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="30" /></a></span></td> <td>Ϡʹ<br />Ͳʹ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/900_(number)" title="900 (number)">900</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_1000.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Greek_Sampi_1000.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_1000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Greek_Sampi_1000.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_1000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Greek_Sampi_1000.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_1000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> and <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_1000_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Greek_Sampi_1000_%282%29.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_1000_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Greek_Sampi_1000_%282%29.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_1000_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Greek_Sampi_1000_%282%29.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_1000_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></td> <td>͵α</td> <td>,Α</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1000_(number)" title="1000 (number)">1000</a></td> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Iota_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Greek_Iota_classical.svg/6px-Greek_Iota_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Greek_Iota_classical.svg/9px-Greek_Iota_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Greek_Iota_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Iota_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵ι</td> <td>,Ι</td> <td><a href="/wiki/10000_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="10000 (number)">10000</a></td> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Rho_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Greek_Rho_classical.svg/6px-Greek_Rho_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Greek_Rho_classical.svg/9px-Greek_Rho_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Greek_Rho_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Rho_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵ρ</td> <td>,Ρ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/100000_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="100000 (number)">100000</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Beta_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Greek_Beta_classical.svg/6px-Greek_Beta_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Greek_Beta_classical.svg/9px-Greek_Beta_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Greek_Beta_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Beta_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵β</td> <td>,Β</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2000_(number)" title="2000 (number)">2000</a></td> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Kappa_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Greek_Kappa_classical.svg/6px-Greek_Kappa_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Greek_Kappa_classical.svg/9px-Greek_Kappa_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Greek_Kappa_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Kappa_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵κ</td> <td>,Κ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/20000_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="20000 (number)">20000</a></td> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sigma_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Greek_Sigma_classical.svg/6px-Greek_Sigma_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Greek_Sigma_classical.svg/10px-Greek_Sigma_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Greek_Sigma_classical.svg/13px-Greek_Sigma_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="65" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵σ</td> <td>,Σ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/200000" class="mw-redirect" title="200000">200000</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Gamma_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Greek_Gamma_classical.svg/7px-Greek_Gamma_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Greek_Gamma_classical.svg/10px-Greek_Gamma_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Greek_Gamma_classical.svg/14px-Greek_Gamma_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Gamma_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Greek_Gamma_02.svg/13px-Greek_Gamma_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Greek_Gamma_02.svg/19px-Greek_Gamma_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Greek_Gamma_02.svg/26px-Greek_Gamma_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></td> <td>,Γ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/3000_(number)" title="3000 (number)">3000</a></td> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Lambda_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Greek_Lambda_classical.svg/7px-Greek_Lambda_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Greek_Lambda_classical.svg/10px-Greek_Lambda_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Greek_Lambda_classical.svg/14px-Greek_Lambda_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵λ</td> <td>,Λ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/30000_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="30000 (number)">30000</a></td> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Tau_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Greek_Tau_classical.svg/6px-Greek_Tau_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Greek_Tau_classical.svg/10px-Greek_Tau_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Greek_Tau_classical.svg/13px-Greek_Tau_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="65" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵τ</td> <td>,Τ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/300000" class="mw-redirect" title="300000">300000</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Delta_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Greek_Delta_classical.svg/7px-Greek_Delta_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Greek_Delta_classical.svg/10px-Greek_Delta_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Greek_Delta_classical.svg/14px-Greek_Delta_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Delta_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Greek_Delta_classical.svg/14px-Greek_Delta_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Greek_Delta_classical.svg/21px-Greek_Delta_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Greek_Delta_classical.svg/28px-Greek_Delta_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td> <td>,Δ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/4000_(number)" title="4000 (number)">4000</a></td> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Mu_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Greek_Mu_classical.svg/7px-Greek_Mu_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Greek_Mu_classical.svg/10px-Greek_Mu_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Greek_Mu_classical.svg/14px-Greek_Mu_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵μ</td> <td>,Μ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/40000_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="40000 (number)">40000</a></td> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Upsilon_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Greek_Upsilon_classical.svg/6px-Greek_Upsilon_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Greek_Upsilon_classical.svg/9px-Greek_Upsilon_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Greek_Upsilon_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Upsilon_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵υ</td> <td>,Υ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/400000" class="mw-redirect" title="400000">400000</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Epsilon_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Greek_Epsilon_classical.svg/6px-Greek_Epsilon_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Greek_Epsilon_classical.svg/9px-Greek_Epsilon_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Greek_Epsilon_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Epsilon_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵ε</td> <td>,Ε</td> <td><a href="/wiki/5000_(number)" title="5000 (number)">5000</a></td> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Nu_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Greek_Nu_classical.svg/6px-Greek_Nu_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Greek_Nu_classical.svg/9px-Greek_Nu_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Greek_Nu_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Nu_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵ν</td> <td>,Ν</td> <td><a href="/wiki/50000_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="50000 (number)">50000</a></td> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Phi_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Greek_Phi_classical.svg/6px-Greek_Phi_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Greek_Phi_classical.svg/9px-Greek_Phi_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Greek_Phi_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Phi_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵φ</td> <td>,Φ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/500000" class="mw-redirect" title="500000">500000</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Digamma_oblique.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Greek_Digamma_oblique.svg/6px-Greek_Digamma_oblique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Greek_Digamma_oblique.svg/10px-Greek_Digamma_oblique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Greek_Digamma_oblique.svg/13px-Greek_Digamma_oblique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub><br /><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Digamma_angular.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Greek_Digamma_angular.svg/6px-Greek_Digamma_angular.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Greek_Digamma_angular.svg/10px-Greek_Digamma_angular.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Greek_Digamma_angular.svg/13px-Greek_Digamma_angular.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Digamma_cursive_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Greek_Digamma_cursive_02.svg/12px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Greek_Digamma_cursive_02.svg/18px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Greek_Digamma_cursive_02.svg/24px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="40" /></a></span> and ͵<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg/12px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg/18px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg/24px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_04.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="40" /></a></span><br />͵<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Digamma_cursive_06.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Greek_Digamma_cursive_06.svg/12px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_06.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Greek_Digamma_cursive_06.svg/18px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_06.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Greek_Digamma_cursive_06.svg/24px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_06.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="40" /></a></span> and ͵<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg/13px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg/19px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg/25px-Greek_Digamma_cursive_07.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="40" /></a></span></td> <td>,Ϛ<br />,Ϝ<br />,ΣΤ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/6000_(number)" title="6000 (number)">6000</a></td> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Xi_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Greek_Xi_classical.svg/6px-Greek_Xi_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Greek_Xi_classical.svg/9px-Greek_Xi_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Greek_Xi_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Xi_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵ξ</td> <td>,Ξ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/60000_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="60000 (number)">60000</a></td> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Chi_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Greek_Chi_classical.svg/6px-Greek_Chi_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Greek_Chi_classical.svg/10px-Greek_Chi_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Greek_Chi_classical.svg/13px-Greek_Chi_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="65" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵χ</td> <td>,Χ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/600000" class="mw-redirect" title="600000">600000</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Zeta_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Greek_Zeta_classical.svg/6px-Greek_Zeta_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Greek_Zeta_classical.svg/9px-Greek_Zeta_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Greek_Zeta_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Zeta_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵ζ</td> <td>,Ζ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/7000_(number)" title="7000 (number)">7000</a></td> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Omicron_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Greek_Omicron_classical.svg/6px-Greek_Omicron_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Greek_Omicron_classical.svg/9px-Greek_Omicron_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Greek_Omicron_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Omicron_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵ο</td> <td>,Ο</td> <td><a href="/wiki/70000_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="70000 (number)">70000</a></td> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Psi_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Greek_Psi_classical.svg/6px-Greek_Psi_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Greek_Psi_classical.svg/10px-Greek_Psi_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Greek_Psi_classical.svg/13px-Greek_Psi_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="65" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵ψ</td> <td>,Ψ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/700000" class="mw-redirect" title="700000">700000</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Eta_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Greek_Eta_classical.svg/6px-Greek_Eta_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Greek_Eta_classical.svg/9px-Greek_Eta_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Greek_Eta_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Eta_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵η</td> <td>,Η</td> <td><a href="/wiki/8000_(number)" title="8000 (number)">8000</a></td> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Pi_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Greek_Pi_classical.svg/6px-Greek_Pi_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Greek_Pi_classical.svg/9px-Greek_Pi_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Greek_Pi_classical.svg/12px-Greek_Pi_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵π</td> <td>,Π</td> <td><a href="/wiki/80000_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="80000 (number)">80000</a></td> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Omega_classical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Greek_Omega_classical.svg/7px-Greek_Omega_classical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Greek_Omega_classical.svg/11px-Greek_Omega_classical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Greek_Omega_classical.svg/15px-Greek_Omega_classical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵ω</td> <td>,Ω</td> <td><a href="/wiki/800000" class="mw-redirect" title="800000">800000</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_9000.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Greek_Sampi_9000.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_9000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Greek_Sampi_9000.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_9000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Greek_Sampi_9000.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_9000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></td> <td>͵θ</td> <td>,Θ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/9000_(number)" title="9000 (number)">9000</a></td> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Koppa_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Greek_Koppa_normal.svg/6px-Greek_Koppa_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Greek_Koppa_normal.svg/10px-Greek_Koppa_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Greek_Koppa_normal.svg/13px-Greek_Koppa_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub><br /><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Koppa_cursive_01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Greek_Koppa_cursive_01.svg/5px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Greek_Koppa_cursive_01.svg/7px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Greek_Koppa_cursive_01.svg/10px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="40" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Koppa_cursive_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Greek_Koppa_cursive_02.svg/11px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Greek_Koppa_cursive_02.svg/17px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Greek_Koppa_cursive_02.svg/22px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="28" data-file-height="40" /></a></span> and ͵<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Koppa_cursive_04.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Greek_Koppa_cursive_04.svg/11px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_04.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Greek_Koppa_cursive_04.svg/17px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_04.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Greek_Koppa_cursive_04.svg/22px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_04.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="28" data-file-height="40" /></a></span><br />͵<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Koppa_cursive_03.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greek_Koppa_cursive_03.svg/10px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_03.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greek_Koppa_cursive_03.svg/15px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_03.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greek_Koppa_cursive_03.svg/20px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_03.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="40" /></a></span> and ͵<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Koppa_cursive_05.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Greek_Koppa_cursive_05.svg/11px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_05.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Greek_Koppa_cursive_05.svg/17px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_05.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Greek_Koppa_cursive_05.svg/22px-Greek_Koppa_cursive_05.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="28" data-file-height="40" /></a></span></td> <td>,Ϟ<br />,Ϙ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/90000_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="90000 (number)">90000</a></td> <td><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_Ionian.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Greek_Sampi_Ionian.svg/6px-Greek_Sampi_Ionian.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Greek_Sampi_Ionian.svg/10px-Greek_Sampi_Ionian.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Greek_Sampi_Ionian.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_Ionian.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub><br /><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_05.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_05.svg/6px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_05.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_05.svg/10px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_05.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_05.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_05.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub> and <sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_15.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_15.svg/6px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_15.svg/10px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_15.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub><br /><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_06.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_06.svg/6px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_06.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_06.svg/10px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_06.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_06.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_06.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub> and <sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_09.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_09.svg/6px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_09.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_09.svg/10px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_09.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_09.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_09.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sup><sub><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></sub></td> <td>͵<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_03.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_03.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_03.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_03.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_03.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_03.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_03.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> and ͵<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_07.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_07.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_07.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_07.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_07.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_07.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_07.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span><br />͵<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_08.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_08.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_08.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_08.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_08.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_08.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_08.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span><br />͵<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_10.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_10.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_10.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_10.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> and ͵<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_11.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_11.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_11.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_11.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_11.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_11.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_11.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span><br />͵<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_14.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_14.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_14.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_14.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_14.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_14.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_14.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> and ͵<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_13.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_13.svg/13px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_13.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_13.svg/19px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_13.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_13.svg/26px-Greek_Sampi_palaeographic_13.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span><br />͵<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sampi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sampi.svg/13px-Sampi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sampi.svg/19px-Sampi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sampi.svg/25px-Sampi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="30" /></a></span></td> <td>,Ϡ<br />,Ͳ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/900000" class="mw-redirect" title="900000">900000</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Alternatively, sub-sections of manuscripts are sometimes numbered by <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet#Letter_shapes" title="Greek alphabet">lowercase characters</a> (αʹ. βʹ. γʹ. δʹ. εʹ. ϛʹ. ζʹ. ηʹ. θʹ.).</li> <li>In Ancient Greek, <a href="/wiki/Myriad" title="Myriad">myriad</a> notation is used for multiples of 10,000, for example <span class="sfrac nowrap;"><span style="display:none; display:inline-block; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:0.8em; font-size:70%;">β</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em;">Μ</span></span></span> for 20,000 or <span class="sfrac nowrap;"><span style="display:none; display:inline-block; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:0.8em; font-size:70%;">ρκγ</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em;">Μ</span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:overline;">͵δφξζ</span> (also written on the line as <span style="text-decoration:overline;">ρκγ</span>Μ <span style="text-decoration:overline;">͵δφξζ</span>) for 1,234,567.<sup id="cite_ref-mactutor_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mactutor-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Higher_numbers">Higher numbers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_numerals&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Higher numbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his text <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sand_Reckoner" title="The Sand Reckoner">The Sand Reckoner</a></i>, the natural philosopher <a href="/wiki/Archimedes" title="Archimedes">Archimedes</a> gives an upper bound of the number of grains of sand required to fill the entire universe, using a contemporary estimation of its size. This would defy the then-held notion that it is impossible to name a number greater than that of the sand on a beach or on the entire world. In order to do that, he had to devise a <a href="/wiki/The_Sand_Reckoner#Naming_large_numbers" title="The Sand Reckoner">new numeral scheme</a> with much greater range. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pappus_of_Alexandria" title="Pappus of Alexandria">Pappus of Alexandria</a> reports that <a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Perga" title="Apollonius of Perga">Apollonius of Perga</a> developed a simpler system based on <a href="/wiki/Exponentiation" title="Exponentiation">powers</a> of the myriad; <span class="sfrac nowrap;"><span style="display:none; display:inline-block; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:0.8em; font-size:70%;">α</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em;">Μ</span></span></span> was 10,000, <span class="sfrac nowrap;"><span style="display:none; display:inline-block; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:0.8em; font-size:70%;">β</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em;">Μ</span></span></span> was 10,000<sup>2</sup> = 100,000,000, <span class="sfrac nowrap;"><span style="display:none; display:inline-block; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:0.8em; font-size:70%;">γ</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em;">Μ</span></span></span> was 10,000<sup>3</sup> = 10<sup>12</sup> and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-mactutor_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mactutor-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zero">Zero</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_numerals&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Zero"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P._Lund,_Inv._35a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/P._Lund%2C_Inv._35a.jpg/300px-P._Lund%2C_Inv._35a.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/P._Lund%2C_Inv._35a.jpg/450px-P._Lund%2C_Inv._35a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/P._Lund%2C_Inv._35a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Example of the early Greek symbol for zero (lower right corner) from a 2nd-century papyrus</figcaption></figure> <p><span class="anchor" id="Hellenistic_zero"></span> <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic civilization">Hellenistic</a> <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomers</a> extended alphabetic Greek numerals into a <a href="/wiki/Sexagesimal" title="Sexagesimal">sexagesimal</a> <a href="/wiki/Positional_notation" title="Positional notation">positional</a> <a href="/wiki/Numeral_system" title="Numeral system">numbering system</a> by limiting each position to a maximum value of 50 + 9 and including a special symbol for <a href="/wiki/0_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="0 (number)">zero</a>, which was only used alone for a whole table cell, rather than combined with other digits, like today's modern zero, which is a placeholder in positional numeric notation. This system was probably adapted from <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_numerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian numerals">Babylonian numerals</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hipparchus" title="Hipparchus">Hipparchus</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 140 BC</span>. It was then used by <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 140 BC</span>), <a href="/wiki/Theon_of_Alexandria" title="Theon of Alexandria">Theon</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 380  AD</span>) and Theon's daughter <a href="/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypatia of Alexandria">Hypatia</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 415 AD</span>). The symbol for zero is clearly different from that of the value for 70, <a href="/wiki/Omicron" title="Omicron">omicron</a> or "<a href="/wiki/Omicron" title="Omicron">ο</a>". In the 2nd-century papyrus shown here, one can see the symbol for zero in the lower right, and a number of larger omicrons elsewhere in the same papyrus. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy%27s_table_of_chords" title="Ptolemy's table of chords">Ptolemy's table of chords</a>, the first fairly extensive trigonometric table, there were 360 rows, portions of which looked as follows: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{ccc}\pi \varepsilon \varrho \iota \varphi \varepsilon \varrho \varepsilon \iota {\tilde {\omega }}\nu &\varepsilon {\overset {\text{'}}{\upsilon }}\vartheta \varepsilon \iota {\tilde {\omega }}\nu &{\overset {\text{‘}}{\varepsilon }}\xi \eta \kappa o\sigma \tau {\tilde {\omega }}\nu \\{\begin{array}{|l|}\hline \pi \delta \angle '\\\pi \varepsilon \\\pi \varepsilon \angle '\\\hline \pi \mathrm {\stigma} \\\pi \mathrm {\stigma} \angle '\\\pi \zeta \\\hline \end{array}}&{\begin{array}{|r|r|r|}\hline \pi &\mu \alpha &\gamma \\\pi \alpha &\delta &\iota \varepsilon \\\pi \alpha &\kappa \zeta &\kappa \beta \\\hline \pi \alpha &\nu &\kappa \delta \\\pi \beta &\iota \gamma &\iota \vartheta \\\pi \beta &\lambda \mathrm {\stigma} &\vartheta \\\hline \end{array}}&{\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|}\hline \circ &\circ &\mu \mathrm {\stigma} &\kappa \varepsilon \\\circ &\circ &\mu \mathrm {\stigma} &\iota \delta \\\circ &\circ &\mu \mathrm {\stigma} &\gamma \\\hline \circ &\circ &\mu \varepsilon &\nu \beta \\\circ &\circ &\mu \varepsilon &\mu \\\circ &\circ &\mu \varepsilon &\kappa \vartheta \\\hline \end{array}}\end{array}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="center center center" rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>π</mi> <mi>ε</mi> <mi>ϱ</mi> <mi>ι</mi> <mi>φ</mi> <mi>ε</mi> <mi>ϱ</mi> <mi>ε</mi> <mi>ι</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>ν</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>υ</mi> <mtext>'</mtext> </mover> </mrow> <mi>ϑ</mi> <mi>ε</mi> <mi>ι</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>ν</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>ε</mi> <mtext>‘</mtext> </mover> </mrow> <mi>ξ</mi> <mi>η</mi> <mi>κ</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>σ</mi> <mi>τ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>ν</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="left" rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em" rowlines="none none solid none none" columnlines="" frame="solid"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>π</mi> <mi>δ</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>π</mi> <mi>ε</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>π</mi> <mi>ε</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>ϛ</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>ϛ</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∠</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>π</mi> <mi>ζ</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right right right" rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em" rowlines="none none solid none none" columnlines="solid solid" frame="solid"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>π</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>α</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>γ</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>π</mi> <mi>α</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>δ</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>ι</mi> <mi>ε</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>π</mi> <mi>α</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>κ</mi> <mi>ζ</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>κ</mi> <mi>β</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>π</mi> <mi>α</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>ν</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>κ</mi> <mi>δ</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>π</mi> <mi>β</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>ι</mi> <mi>γ</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>ι</mi> <mi>ϑ</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>π</mi> <mi>β</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>λ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>ϛ</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>ϑ</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right right right right" rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em" rowlines="none none solid none none" columnlines="solid solid solid" frame="solid"> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>∘</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>∘</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>ϛ</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>κ</mi> <mi>ε</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>∘</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>∘</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>ϛ</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>ι</mi> <mi>δ</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>∘</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>∘</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>ϛ</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>γ</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>∘</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>∘</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>ε</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>ν</mi> <mi>β</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>∘</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>∘</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>ε</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>μ</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>∘</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>∘</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>ε</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>κ</mi> <mi>ϑ</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{ccc}\pi \varepsilon \varrho \iota \varphi \varepsilon \varrho \varepsilon \iota {\tilde {\omega }}\nu &\varepsilon {\overset {\text{'}}{\upsilon }}\vartheta \varepsilon \iota {\tilde {\omega }}\nu &{\overset {\text{‘}}{\varepsilon }}\xi \eta \kappa o\sigma \tau {\tilde {\omega }}\nu \\{\begin{array}{|l|}\hline \pi \delta \angle '\\\pi \varepsilon \\\pi \varepsilon \angle '\\\hline \pi \mathrm {\stigma} \\\pi \mathrm {\stigma} \angle '\\\pi \zeta \\\hline \end{array}}&{\begin{array}{|r|r|r|}\hline \pi &\mu \alpha &\gamma \\\pi \alpha &\delta &\iota \varepsilon \\\pi \alpha &\kappa \zeta &\kappa \beta \\\hline \pi \alpha &\nu &\kappa \delta \\\pi \beta &\iota \gamma &\iota \vartheta \\\pi \beta &\lambda \mathrm {\stigma} &\vartheta \\\hline \end{array}}&{\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|}\hline \circ &\circ &\mu \mathrm {\stigma} &\kappa \varepsilon \\\circ &\circ &\mu \mathrm {\stigma} &\iota \delta \\\circ &\circ &\mu \mathrm {\stigma} &\gamma \\\hline \circ &\circ &\mu \varepsilon &\nu \beta \\\circ &\circ &\mu \varepsilon &\mu \\\circ &\circ &\mu \varepsilon &\kappa \vartheta \\\hline \end{array}}\end{array}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d99e7e791c102248524d0f0b8a29113bee37cfa9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -12.338ex; width:51.296ex; height:25.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{ccc}\pi \varepsilon \varrho \iota \varphi \varepsilon \varrho \varepsilon \iota {\tilde {\omega }}\nu &\varepsilon {\overset {\text{'}}{\upsilon }}\vartheta \varepsilon \iota {\tilde {\omega }}\nu &{\overset {\text{‘}}{\varepsilon }}\xi \eta \kappa o\sigma \tau {\tilde {\omega }}\nu \\{\begin{array}{|l|}\hline \pi \delta \angle '\\\pi \varepsilon \\\pi \varepsilon \angle '\\\hline \pi \mathrm {\stigma} \\\pi \mathrm {\stigma} \angle '\\\pi \zeta \\\hline \end{array}}&{\begin{array}{|r|r|r|}\hline \pi &\mu \alpha &\gamma \\\pi \alpha &\delta &\iota \varepsilon \\\pi \alpha &\kappa \zeta &\kappa \beta \\\hline \pi \alpha &\nu &\kappa \delta \\\pi \beta &\iota \gamma &\iota \vartheta \\\pi \beta &\lambda \mathrm {\stigma} &\vartheta \\\hline \end{array}}&{\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|}\hline \circ &\circ &\mu \mathrm {\stigma} &\kappa \varepsilon \\\circ &\circ &\mu \mathrm {\stigma} &\iota \delta \\\circ &\circ &\mu \mathrm {\stigma} &\gamma \\\hline \circ &\circ &\mu \varepsilon &\nu \beta \\\circ &\circ &\mu \varepsilon &\mu \\\circ &\circ &\mu \varepsilon &\kappa \vartheta \\\hline \end{array}}\end{array}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Each number in the first column, labeled <span class="texhtml"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">περιφερειῶν</span></span>,</span> ["regions"] is the number of degrees of arc on a circle. Each number in the second column, labeled <span class="texhtml"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">εὐθειῶν</span></span>,</span> ["straight lines" or "segments"] is the length of the corresponding chord of the circle, when the diameter is 120. Thus <span class="texhtml">πδ</span> represents an 84° arc, and the ∠′ after it means one-half, so that πδ∠′ means <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">84<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>°. In the next column we see <span class="texhtml">π μα γ</span> , meaning <span class="nowrap">  80 + <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214402035">.mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.0em 0.1em;border-bottom:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.1em 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">41</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">60</span></span>⁠</span> + <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">3</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">60²</span></span>⁠</span></span>. That is the length of the chord corresponding to an arc of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">84<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>° when the diameter of the circle is 120. The next column, labeled <span class="texhtml"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἐξηκοστῶν</span></span>,</span> for "sixtieths", is the number to be added to the chord length for each 1° increase in the arc, over the span of the next 12°. Thus that last column was used for <a href="/wiki/Linear_interpolation" title="Linear interpolation">linear interpolation</a>. </p><p>The Greek <a href="/wiki/Sexagesimal" title="Sexagesimal">sexagesimal</a> placeholder or zero symbol changed over time: The symbol used on <a href="/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">papyri</a> during the second century was a very small circle with an overbar several diameters long, terminated or not at both ends in various ways. Later, the overbar shortened to only one diameter, similar to the modern <i>o</i>-macron (ō) which was still being used in late medieval Arabic manuscripts whenever alphabetic numerals were used, later the overbar was omitted in <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> manuscripts, leaving a bare <i>ο</i> (omicron).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This gradual change from an invented symbol to <i>ο</i> does not support the hypothesis that the latter was the initial of <span class="texhtml">οὐδέν</span> meaning "nothing".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Note that the letter <i>ο</i> was still used with its original numerical value of 70; however, there was no ambiguity, as 70 could not appear in the fractional part of a <a href="/wiki/Sexagesimal" title="Sexagesimal">sexagesimal</a> number, and zero was usually omitted when it was the integer. </p><p>Some of Ptolemy's true zeros appeared in the first line of each of his eclipse tables, where they were a measure of the angular separation between the center of the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> and either the center of the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> (for <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse" title="Solar eclipse">solar eclipses</a>) or the center of <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s shadow (for <a href="/wiki/Lunar_eclipse" title="Lunar eclipse">lunar eclipses</a>). All of these zeros took the form <span class="nowrap">ο | ο ο</span>, where Ptolemy actually used three of the symbols described in the previous paragraph. The vertical bar (|) indicates that the integral part on the left was in a separate column labeled in the headings of his tables as <i>digits</i> (of five arc-minutes each), whereas the fractional part was in the next column labeled <i>minute of immersion</i>, meaning sixtieths (and thirty-six-hundredths) of a digit.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Greek zero was added to Unicode<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (November 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> at <span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+1018A</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𐆊</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">GREEK ZERO SIGN</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_numerals&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphabetic_numeral_system" title="Alphabetic numeral system">Alphabetic numeral system</a> – Type of numeral system</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic numerals</a> – Symbolic number notation used by the ancient Greeks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_numerals" title="Cyrillic numerals">Cyrillic numerals</a> – Numeral system derived from the Cyrillic script</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_mathematics" title="Greek mathematics">Greek mathematics</a> – Mathematics of Ancient Greeks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_numerals#Ancient_Greek_numerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode numerals">Greek numerals in Unicode</a> – Graphemes for various number systems<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span> (acrophonic, not alphabetic, numerals)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_numerals" title="Hebrew numerals">Hebrew numerals</a> – Numeral system using letters of the Hebrew alphabet, based on the Greek system</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_numeral_systems" title="History of ancient numeral systems">History of ancient numeral systems</a> – Symbols representing numbers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_arithmetic" class="mw-redirect" title="History of arithmetic">History of arithmetic</a> – Branch of elementary mathematics<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_communication" title="History of communication">History of communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isopsephy" title="Isopsephy">Isopsephy</a> – Numerological connection between words whose letters' number values have equal sums</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_numeral_system_topics" title="List of numeral system topics">List of numeral system topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_numeral_systems" title="List of numeral systems">List of numeral systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">Number of the beast</a> – Number associated with the Beast of Revelation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a> – Numbers in the Roman numeral system</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_numerals&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Verdun-2007-03-20-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Verdun-2007-03-20_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Verdun-2007-03-20_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVerdan2007" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Verdan, Samuel (20 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100202054101/http://www.dma.ens.fr/culturemath/histoire%20des%20maths/htm/Verdan/Verdan.htm">"Systèmes numéraux en Grèce ancienne: Description et mise en perspective historique"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dma.ens.fr/culturemath/histoire%20des%20maths/htm/Verdan/Verdan.htm">the original</a> on 2 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syst%C3%A8mes+num%C3%A9raux+en+Gr%C3%A8ce+ancienne%3A+Description+et+mise+en+perspective+historique&rft.date=2007-03-20&rft.aulast=Verdan&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dma.ens.fr%2Fculturemath%2Fhistoire%2520des%2520maths%2Fhtm%2FVerdan%2FVerdan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+numerals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heath-2003-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heath-2003_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heath-2003_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeath2003" class="citation book cs1">Heath, Thomas L. (2003) [1931]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_HZNr_mGFzQC&pg=PA14"><i>A Manual of Greek Mathematics</i></a> (<span style="font-size:85%;">[2003]</span> reprint ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press<sup>[1931]</sup>; Dover Books<sup>[2003]</sup>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_HZNr_mGFzQC&pg=PA14">14</a> ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486154442" title="Special:BookSources/9780486154442"><bdi>9780486154442</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2013</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Manual+of+Greek+Mathematics&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=14+ff&rft.edition=%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3E%5B2003%5D%3C%2Fspan%3E+reprint&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%3Csup%3E%5B1931%5D%3C%2Fsup%3E%3B+Dover+Books%3Csup%3E%5B2003%5D%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780486154442&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=Thomas+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_HZNr_mGFzQC%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+numerals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1893" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Edward M. (1893). <i>Handbook of Greek and Latin Palaeography</i>. New York, NY: D. Appleton. p. 114.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Greek+and+Latin+Palaeography&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=D.+Appleton&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Edward+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+numerals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions/oi?ikey=1592&bookid=4&region=1">"IG I³ 1387"</a>. <i>Searchable Greek Inscriptions</i>. The Packard Humanities Institute. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a>. <span class="nowrap">IG I³ 1387</span>  <i>also known as</i>  <span class="nowrap">IG I² 760</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=IG+I%C2%B3+1387&rft.btitle=Searchable+Greek+Inscriptions&rft.pub=Cornell+University+%26+Ohio+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepigraphy.packhum.org%2Finscriptions%2Foi%3Fikey%3D1592%26bookid%3D4%26region%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+numerals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffery1961" class="citation book cs1">Jeffery, Lilian H. (1961). <i>The Local Scripts of Archaic Greece</i>. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. pp. 38 ff.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Local+Scripts+of+Archaic+Greece&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=38+ff&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Jeffery&rft.aufirst=Lilian+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+numerals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions/oi?ikey=260445&bookid=509&region=8&subregion=27">"Magnesia 4"</a>. <i>Searchable Greek Inscriptions</i>. The Packard Humanities Institute. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a>. Magnesia 4  <i>also known as</i>  <span class="nowrap">Syll³ 695.b</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Magnesia+4&rft.btitle=Searchable+Greek+Inscriptions&rft.pub=Cornell+University+%26+Ohio+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepigraphy.packhum.org%2Finscriptions%2Foi%3Fikey%3D260445%26bookid%3D509%26region%3D8%26subregion%3D27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+numerals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions/oi?ikey=5028&bookid=5&region=1">"IG II² 2776"</a>. <i>Searchable Greek Inscriptions</i>. The Packard Humanities Institute. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=IG+II%C2%B2+2776&rft.btitle=Searchable+Greek+Inscriptions&rft.pub=Cornell+University+%26+Ohio+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepigraphy.packhum.org%2Finscriptions%2Foi%3Fikey%3D5028%26bookid%3D5%26region%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+numerals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdkins2006" class="citation web cs1">Edkins, Jo (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130510005614/http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/numbers/greek/">"Classical Greek Numbers"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/numbers/greek/">the original</a> on 10 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Classical+Greek+Numbers&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Edkins&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgwydir.demon.co.uk%2Fjo%2Fnumbers%2Fgreek%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+numerals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-heman-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-heman_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heath, Thomas L. <i>A Manual of Greek Mathematics</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_HZNr_mGFzQC&pg=PA14">pp. 14 ff.</a> Oxford Univ. Press (Oxford), 1931. Reprinted Dover (<a href="/wiki/Mineola,_New_York" title="Mineola, New York">Mineola</a>), 2003. Accessed 1 November 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNick_Nicholas2005" class="citation web cs1">Nick Nicholas (9 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120805203248/http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/unicode/numerals.html">"Numerals: Stigma, Koppa, Sampi"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/unicode/numerals.html">the original</a> on 5 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Numerals%3A+Stigma%2C+Koppa%2C+Sampi&rft.date=2005-04-09&rft.au=Nick+Nicholas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tlg.uci.edu%2F~opoudjis%2Funicode%2Fnumerals.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+numerals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mactutor-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mactutor_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mactutor_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/PrintHT/Greek_numbers.html">Greek number systems - MacTutor</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04054-greek-zero.pdf">https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04054-greek-zero.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://raymondm.co.uk/prog/GreekZeroSign.pdf">https://raymondm.co.uk/prog/GreekZeroSign.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeugebauer1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Otto_E._Neugebauer" title="Otto E. Neugebauer">Neugebauer, Otto</a> (1969) [1957]. <i>The Exact Sciences in Antiquity</i> (2, reprint ed.). <a href="/wiki/Dover_Publications" title="Dover Publications">Dover Publications</a>. pp. 13–14, plate 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-22332-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-22332-2"><bdi>978-0-486-22332-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Exact+Sciences+in+Antiquity&rft.pages=13-14%2C+plate+2&rft.edition=2%2C+reprint&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-0-486-22332-2&rft.aulast=Neugebauer&rft.aufirst=Otto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+numerals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMercier" class="citation web cs1">Mercier, Raymond. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raymondm.co.uk/prog/GreekZeroSign.pdf">"Consideration of the Greek symbol 'zero'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consideration+of+the+Greek+symbol+%27zero%27&rft.aulast=Mercier&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raymondm.co.uk%2Fprog%2FGreekZeroSign.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+numerals" class="Z3988"></span> — gives numerous examples</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPtolemy1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy, Claudius</a> (1998) [100–170 AD]. "Book VI". <i>Ptolemy's <a href="/wiki/Almagest" title="Almagest">Almagest</a></i>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/G._J._Toomer" class="mw-redirect" title="G. J. Toomer">Toomer, G.J.</a> Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 306–307.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Book+VI&rft.btitle=Ptolemy%27s+Almagest&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pages=306-307&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Ptolemy&rft.aufirst=Claudius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+numerals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_numerals&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" 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scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Greek_mathematics" title="Template:Ancient Greek mathematics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Greek_mathematics" title="Template talk:Ancient Greek mathematics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Greek_mathematics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Greek mathematics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Greek_mathematics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Greek_mathematics" title="Greek mathematics">Ancient Greek mathematics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_mathematicians" title="List of Greek mathematicians">Mathematicians</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ancient_Greek_mathematicians" title="Timeline of ancient Greek mathematicians">(timeline)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaxagoras" title="Anaxagoras">Anaxagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthemius_of_Tralles" title="Anthemius of Tralles">Anthemius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archytas" title="Archytas">Archytas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristaeus_the_Elder" title="Aristaeus the Elder">Aristaeus the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristarchus_of_Samos" title="Aristarchus of Samos">Aristarchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Perga" title="Apollonius of Perga">Apollonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archimedes" title="Archimedes">Archimedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autolycus_of_Pitane" title="Autolycus of Pitane">Autolycus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bion_of_Abdera" title="Bion of Abdera">Bion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryson_of_Heraclea" title="Bryson of Heraclea">Bryson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callippus" title="Callippus">Callippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpus_of_Antioch" title="Carpus of Antioch">Carpus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysippus" title="Chrysippus">Chrysippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleomedes" title="Cleomedes">Cleomedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conon_of_Samos" title="Conon of Samos">Conon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctesibius" title="Ctesibius">Ctesibius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democritus" title="Democritus">Democritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicaearchus" title="Dicaearchus">Dicaearchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocles_(mathematician)" title="Diocles (mathematician)">Diocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diophantus" title="Diophantus">Diophantus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinostratus" title="Dinostratus">Dinostratus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysodorus" title="Dionysodorus">Dionysodorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domninus_of_Larissa" title="Domninus of Larissa">Domninus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eratosthenes" title="Eratosthenes">Eratosthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudemus_of_Rhodes" title="Eudemus of Rhodes">Eudemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid" title="Euclid">Euclid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudoxus_of_Cnidus" title="Eudoxus of Cnidus">Eudoxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutocius_of_Ascalon" title="Eutocius of Ascalon">Eutocius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geminus" title="Geminus">Geminus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliodorus_of_Larissa" title="Heliodorus of Larissa">Heliodorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero_of_Alexandria" title="Hero of Alexandria">Heron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipparchus" title="Hipparchus">Hipparchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippasus" title="Hippasus">Hippasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippias" title="Hippias">Hippias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocrates_of_Chios" title="Hippocrates of Chios">Hippocrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypatia" title="Hypatia">Hypatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypsicles" title="Hypsicles">Hypsicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Miletus" title="Isidore of Miletus">Isidore of Miletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_(mathematician)" title="Leon (mathematician)">Leon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinus_of_Neapolis" title="Marinus of Neapolis">Marinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menaechmus" title="Menaechmus">Menaechmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelaus_of_Alexandria" title="Menelaus of Alexandria">Menelaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrodorus_(grammarian)" title="Metrodorus (grammarian)">Metrodorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicomachus" title="Nicomachus">Nicomachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicomedes_(mathematician)" title="Nicomedes (mathematician)">Nicomedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicoteles_of_Cyrene" title="Nicoteles of Cyrene">Nicoteles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenopides" title="Oenopides">Oenopides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pappus_of_Alexandria" title="Pappus of Alexandria">Pappus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseus_(geometer)" title="Perseus (geometer)">Perseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philolaus" title="Philolaus">Philolaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philon" title="Philon">Philon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philonides_of_Laodicea" title="Philonides of Laodicea">Philonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porphyry_(philosopher)" title="Porphyry (philosopher)">Porphyry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posidonius" title="Posidonius">Posidonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclus" title="Proclus">Proclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pythagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serenus_of_Antino%C3%B6polis" title="Serenus of Antinoöpolis">Serenus </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simplicius_of_Cilicia" title="Simplicius of Cilicia">Simplicius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosigenes_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Sosigenes of Alexandria">Sosigenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporus_of_Nicaea" title="Sporus of Nicaea">Sporus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thales_of_Miletus" title="Thales of Miletus">Thales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theaetetus_(mathematician)" title="Theaetetus (mathematician)">Theaetetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theano_(philosopher)" title="Theano (philosopher)">Theano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodorus_of_Cyrene" title="Theodorus of Cyrene">Theodorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_of_Bithynia" title="Theodosius of Bithynia">Theodosius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theon_of_Alexandria" title="Theon of Alexandria">Theon of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theon_of_Smyrna" title="Theon of Smyrna">Theon of Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymaridas" title="Thymaridas">Thymaridas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenocrates" title="Xenocrates">Xenocrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_of_Elea" title="Zeno of Elea">Zeno of Elea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_of_Sidon" title="Zeno of Sidon">Zeno of Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenodorus_(mathematician)" title="Zenodorus (mathematician)">Zenodorus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treatises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Almagest" title="Almagest">Almagest</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archimedes_Palimpsest" title="Archimedes Palimpsest">Archimedes Palimpsest</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arithmetica" title="Arithmetica">Arithmetica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Perga#Conics" title="Apollonius of Perga"><i>Conics</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Apollonius)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catoptrics" title="Catoptrics">Catoptrics</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_(Euclid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Data (Euclid)"><i>Data</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Euclid)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid%27s_Elements" title="Euclid's Elements"><i>Elements</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Euclid)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Measurement_of_a_Circle" title="Measurement of a Circle">Measurement of a Circle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Conoids_and_Spheroids" title="On Conoids and Spheroids">On Conoids and Spheroids</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Sizes_and_Distances_(Aristarchus)" title="On the Sizes and Distances (Aristarchus)"><i>On the Sizes and Distances</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Aristarchus)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Sizes_and_Distances_(Hipparchus)" title="On Sizes and Distances (Hipparchus)"><i>On Sizes and Distances</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Hipparchus)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autolycus_of_Pitane" title="Autolycus of Pitane"><i>On the Moving Sphere</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Autolycus)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid%27s_Optics" title="Euclid's Optics"><i>Optics</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Euclid)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Spirals" title="On Spirals">On Spirals</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Sphere_and_Cylinder" title="On the Sphere and Cylinder">On the Sphere and Cylinder</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ostomachion" title="Ostomachion">Ostomachion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planisphaerium" title="Planisphaerium">Planisphaerium</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius%27_Spherics" title="Theodosius' Spherics"><i>Spherics</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Theodosius)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelaus_of_Alexandria" title="Menelaus of Alexandria"><i>Spherics</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Menelaus)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Quadrature_of_the_Parabola" class="mw-redirect" title="The Quadrature of the Parabola">The Quadrature of the Parabola</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sand_Reckoner" title="The Sand Reckoner">The Sand Reckoner</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Problems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constructible_number" title="Constructible number">Constructible numbers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angle_trisection" title="Angle trisection">Angle trisection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubling_the_cube" title="Doubling the cube">Doubling the cube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squaring_the_circle" title="Squaring the circle">Squaring the circle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_of_Apollonius" title="Problem of Apollonius">Problem of Apollonius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts<br />and definitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angle" title="Angle">Angle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_angle" title="Central angle">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscribed_angle" title="Inscribed angle">Inscribed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axiomatic_system" title="Axiomatic system">Axiomatic system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axiom" title="Axiom">Axiom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chord_(geometry)" title="Chord (geometry)">Chord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circles_of_Apollonius" title="Circles of Apollonius">Circles of Apollonius</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollonian_circles" title="Apollonian circles">Apollonian circles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonian_gasket" title="Apollonian gasket">Apollonian gasket</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumscribed_circle" title="Circumscribed circle">Circumscribed circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commensurability_(mathematics)" title="Commensurability (mathematics)">Commensurability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diophantine_equation" title="Diophantine equation">Diophantine equation</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Doctrine_of_proportion_(mathematics)" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Doctrine of proportion (mathematics)">Doctrine of proportionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclidean_geometry" title="Euclidean geometry">Euclidean geometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_ratio" title="Golden ratio">Golden ratio</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greek numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incircle_and_excircles_of_a_triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Incircle and excircles of a triangle">Incircle and excircles of a triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Method_of_exhaustion" title="Method of exhaustion">Method of exhaustion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_postulate" title="Parallel postulate">Parallel postulate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonic_solid" title="Platonic solid">Platonic solid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lune_of_Hippocrates" title="Lune of Hippocrates">Lune of Hippocrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadratrix_of_Hippias" title="Quadratrix of Hippias">Quadratrix of Hippias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_polygon" title="Regular polygon">Regular polygon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straightedge_and_compass_construction" title="Straightedge and compass construction">Straightedge and compass construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangle_center" title="Triangle center">Triangle center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Results</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Euclid%27s_elements" class="mw-redirect" title="Euclid's elements"><i>Elements</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angle_bisector_theorem" title="Angle bisector theorem">Angle bisector theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exterior_angle_theorem" title="Exterior angle theorem">Exterior angle theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclidean_algorithm" title="Euclidean algorithm">Euclidean algorithm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid%27s_theorem" title="Euclid's theorem">Euclid's theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_mean_theorem" title="Geometric mean theorem">Geometric mean theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_geometric_algebra" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek geometric algebra">Greek geometric algebra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinge_theorem" title="Hinge theorem">Hinge theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscribed_angle_theorem" class="mw-redirect" title="Inscribed angle theorem">Inscribed angle theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercept_theorem" title="Intercept theorem">Intercept theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersecting_chords_theorem" title="Intersecting chords theorem">Intersecting chords theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersecting_secants_theorem" title="Intersecting secants theorem">Intersecting secants theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_cosines" title="Law of cosines">Law of cosines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pons_asinorum" title="Pons asinorum">Pons asinorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagorean_theorem" title="Pythagorean theorem">Pythagorean theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangent-secant_theorem" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangent-secant theorem">Tangent-secant theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thales%27s_theorem" title="Thales's theorem">Thales's theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theorem_of_the_gnomon" title="Theorem of the gnomon">Theorem of the gnomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Tyana" title="Apollonius of Tyana">Apollonius</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollonius%27s_theorem" title="Apollonius's theorem">Apollonius's theorem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristarchus%27s_inequality" title="Aristarchus's inequality">Aristarchus's inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossbar_theorem" title="Crossbar theorem">Crossbar theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heron%27s_formula" title="Heron's formula">Heron's formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrational_number" title="Irrational number">Irrational numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_sines" title="Law of sines">Law of sines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelaus%27s_theorem" title="Menelaus's theorem">Menelaus's theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pappus%27s_area_theorem" title="Pappus's area theorem">Pappus's area theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diophantus_II.VIII" title="Diophantus II.VIII">Problem II.8 of <i>Arithmetica</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy%27s_inequality" title="Ptolemy's inequality">Ptolemy's inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy%27s_table_of_chords" title="Ptolemy's table of chords">Ptolemy's table of chords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy%27s_theorem" title="Ptolemy's theorem">Ptolemy's theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiral_of_Theodorus" title="Spiral of Theodorus">Spiral of Theodorus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Centers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya" title="Cyrene, Libya">Cyrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musaeum" class="mw-redirect" title="Musaeum">Mouseion of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonic_Academy" title="Platonic Academy">Platonic Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_astronomy" title="Ancient Greek astronomy">Ancient Greek astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic numerals</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greek numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_translations_of_the_12th_century" title="Latin translations of the 12th century">Latin translations of the 12th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Euclidean_geometry" title="Non-Euclidean geometry">Non-Euclidean geometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mathematics" title="Philosophy of mathematics">Philosophy of mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neusis_construction" title="Neusis construction">Neusis construction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History of</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_Greek_Mathematics" title="A History of Greek Mathematics">A History of Greek Mathematics</a></i> <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Heath_(classicist)" title="Thomas Heath (classicist)">Thomas Heath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_algebra" title="History of algebra">algebra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_algebra" title="Timeline of algebra">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_arithmetic" class="mw-redirect" title="History of arithmetic">arithmetic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_numerals_and_arithmetic" title="Timeline of numerals and arithmetic">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_calculus" title="History of calculus">calculus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_calculus_and_mathematical_analysis" title="Timeline of calculus and mathematical analysis">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_geometry" title="History of geometry">geometry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_geometry" title="Timeline of geometry">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_logic" title="History of logic">logic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_mathematical_logic" title="Timeline of mathematical logic">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mathematics" title="History of mathematics">mathematics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_mathematics" title="Timeline of mathematics">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_numbers" class="mw-redirect" title="History of numbers">numbers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_counting" title="Prehistoric counting">prehistoric counting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_numeral_systems" title="History of ancient numeral systems">numeral systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_numeral_systems" title="List of numeral systems">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world">Arabian/Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_mathematics" title="Babylonian mathematics">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_mathematics" title="Chinese mathematics">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_mathematics" title="Ancient Egyptian mathematics">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_of_the_Incas" title="Mathematics of the Incas">Incan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_mathematics" title="Indian mathematics">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_mathematics" title="Japanese mathematics">Japanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/16px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/24px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/32px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Greece" title="Portal:Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece portal</a></b> •  <b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Greek_language" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_language" title="Template:Greek language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_language" title="Template talk:Greek language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Greek_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origin and genealogy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graeco-Aryan" title="Graeco-Aryan">Graeco-Aryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graeco-Armenian" title="Graeco-Armenian">Graeco-Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Greek_substrate" title="Pre-Greek substrate">Pre-Greek substrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graeco-Phrygian" title="Graeco-Phrygian">Graeco-Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_languages" title="Hellenic languages">Hellenic languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Greek" title="History of Greek">Periods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Greek_language" title="Proto-Greek language">Proto-Greek</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2900</span>–1600 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek" title="Mycenaean Greek">Mycenaean Greek</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1600</span>–1100 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 800</span>–300 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 300 BC</span>–AD 330)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Greek" title="Medieval Greek">Medieval Greek</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 330</span>–1453)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek" title="Modern Greek">Modern Greek</a> (since 1453)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_dialects" title="Ancient Greek dialects">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Central <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek" title="Aeolic Greek">Aeolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek" title="Mycenaean Greek">Mycenaean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcadocypriot_Greek" title="Arcadocypriot Greek">Arcadocypriot</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>East <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek" title="Attic Greek">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionic_Greek" title="Ionic Greek">Ionic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Greek" title="Homeric Greek">Homeric</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>West <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Greek" title="Doric Greek">Doric</a></li> <li>Northwest <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaean_Doric_Greek" title="Achaean Doric Greek">Achaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirote_Greek" title="Epirote Greek">Epirote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locrian_Greek" title="Locrian Greek">Locrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_language" title="Ancient Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphylian_Greek" title="Pamphylian Greek">Pamphylian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Hellenistic Koine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Koine_Greek" title="Jewish Koine Greek">Jewish Koine Greek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Modern_Greek" title="Varieties of Modern Greek">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Demotic_Greek" title="Demotic Greek">Demotic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katharevousa" title="Katharevousa">Katharevousa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Greek" title="Cappadocian Greek">Cappadocian</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Misthi,_Cappadocia#Misthiotica_dialect" title="Misthi, Cappadocia">Misthiotika</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Greek" title="Cretan Greek">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Greek" title="Cypriot Greek">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himariote_dialect" title="Himariote dialect">Himariote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Greek_dialect" title="Istanbul Greek dialect">Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italiot_Greek" title="Italiot Greek">Italiot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calabrian_Greek" title="Calabrian Greek">Greco/Calabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griko_language" title="Griko language">Griko/Apulian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maniots#Maniot_dialect" title="Maniots">Maniot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariupol_Greek" title="Mariupol Greek">Mariupolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek" title="Pontic Greek">Pontic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Romano-Greek language">Romano-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakonian_language" title="Tsakonian language">Tsakonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevanic_language" title="Yevanic language">Yevanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Australian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco-Australian dialect">Greco-Australian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phonology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_phonology" title="Ancient Greek phonology">Ancient</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_accent" title="Ancient Greek accent">accent</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_of_Ancient_Greek_in_teaching" title="Pronunciation of Ancient Greek in teaching">teaching</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek_phonology" title="Koine Greek phonology">Koine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_phonology" title="Modern Greek phonology">Standard Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grammar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_grammar" title="Ancient Greek grammar">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek_grammar" title="Koine Greek grammar">Koine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_grammar" title="Modern Greek grammar">Standard Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writing systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot syllabary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Greek_alphabet" title="History of the Greek alphabet">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic numerals</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greek numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_orthography" title="Greek orthography">Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_diacritics" title="Greek diacritics">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Greek" title="Cyrillization of Greek">Cyrillization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">Romanization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeklish" title="Greeklish">Greeklish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_literature" title="Greek literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature" title="Ancient Greek literature">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_literature" title="Byzantine literature">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_literature" title="Modern Greek literature">Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Promotion and study</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Foundation_for_Culture" title="Hellenic Foundation for Culture">Hellenic Foundation for Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_Greek_Language" title="Center for the Greek Language">Center for the Greek Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Language_and_Speech_Processing" title="Institute for Language and Speech Processing">Institute for Language and Speech Processing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eteocretan_language" title="Eteocretan language">Eteocretan language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eteocypriot_language" title="Eteocypriot language">Eteocypriot language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_language_question" title="Greek language question">Greek language question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_exonyms" title="Greek exonyms">Exonyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_morphemes_used_in_English" title="List of Greek morphemes used in English">Morphemes in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_words_for_love" title="Greek words for love">Terms of endearment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_place_names" title="List of Greek place names">Place names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_phrases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Greek phrases">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_language" title="Minoan language">Minoan language</a></li> <li><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%97%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B1_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%82" class="extiw" title="el:Παγκόσμια Ημέρα Ελληνικής Γλώσσας">Greek Language Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_language" title="Trojan language">Trojan language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Ancient_Greek_dictionaries" title="Comparison of Ancient Greek dictionaries">Comparison of Ancient Greek dictionaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Greece" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Greece_topics" title="Template:Ancient Greece topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Greece_topics" title="Template talk:Ancient Greece topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Greece_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Greece topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Greece" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ancient_Greece" title="Timeline of ancient Greece">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="HistoryGeography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Greece" title="History of Greece">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_ancient_Greece" title="Regions of ancient Greece">Geography</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycladic_culture" title="Cycladic culture">Cycladic civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Dark_Ages" title="Greek Dark Ages">Greek Dark Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">Archaic Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">Classical Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Greece" title="Hellenistic Greece">Hellenistic Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Roman_era" title="Greece in the Roman era">Roman Greece</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_ancient_Greece" title="Regions of ancient Greece">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeolis" title="Aeolis">Aeolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Hexapolis" title="Doric Hexapolis">Doris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles">Hellespont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(region)" title="Pontus (region)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Taurica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonies_in_antiquity" title="Colonies in antiquity">Ancient Greek colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="City_statesPoliticsMilitary" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">City states</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Military</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">City states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Argos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Argos">Argos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcis" title="Chalcis">Chalcis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Corinth" title="Ancient Corinth">Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Miletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eretria" title="Eretria">Eretria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Kerkyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalopolis,_Greece" title="Megalopolis, Greece">Megalopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megara" title="Megara">Megara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos" title="Samos">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lissus_(Crete)" title="Lissus (Crete)">Lissus (Crete)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bithynia" title="Kingdom of Bithynia">Bithynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cappadocia" title="Kingdom of Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_(ancient_state)" title="Epirus (ancient state)">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pergamon" title="Kingdom of Pergamon">Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pontus" title="Kingdom of Pontus">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federations</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">Confederations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Hexapolis" title="Doric Hexapolis">Doric Hexapolis</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1100</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 560 BC</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italiotes#Italiote_League" title="Italiotes">Italiote League</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 800</span>–389 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_League" title="Ionian League">Ionian League</a> (c. 650–404 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_League" title="Peloponnesian League">Peloponnesian League</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 550</span>–366 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphictyonic_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphictyonic League">Amphictyonic League</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 595</span>–279 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acarnanian_League" title="Acarnanian League">Acarnanian League</a> (c. 500–31 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Persian_Wars" title="Greco-Persian Wars">Hellenic League</a> (499–449 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delian_League" title="Delian League">Delian League</a> (478–404 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcidian_League" title="Chalcidian League">Chalcidian League</a> (430–348 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeotia#Boeotian_League" title="Boeotia">Boeotian League</a> (c. 424–c. 395 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aetolian_League" title="Aetolian League">Aetolian League</a> (c. 400–188 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Athenian_League" title="Second Athenian League">Second Athenian League</a> (378–355 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessalian_League" title="Thessalian League">Thessalian League</a> (374–196 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadian_League" title="Arcadian League">Arcadian League</a> (370–c. 230 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirote_League" title="Epirote League">Epirote League</a> (370–168 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Corinth" title="League of Corinth">League of Corinth</a> (338–322 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euboean_League" title="Euboean League">Euboean League</a> (c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaean_League" title="Achaean League">Achaean League</a> (280–146 BC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boule_(ancient_Greece)" title="Boule (ancient Greece)">Boule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_city_(classical_antiquity)" title="Free city (classical antiquity)">Free city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koinon" title="Koinon">Koinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxeny" title="Proxeny">Proxeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasis_(ancient_Greece)" title="Stasis (ancient Greece)">Stasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagus_(title)" title="Tagus (title)">Tagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrant" title="Tyrant">Tyrant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Athenian_democracy" title="Athenian democracy">Athenian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agora" title="Agora">Agora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areopagus" title="Areopagus">Areopagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_(ancient_Athens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesia (ancient Athens)">Ecclesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphe_paranomon" title="Graphe paranomon">Graphe paranomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliaia" title="Heliaia">Heliaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostracism" title="Ostracism">Ostracism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spartan_Constitution" title="Spartan Constitution">Spartan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_(Sparta)" title="Ecclesia (Sparta)">Ekklesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephor" title="Ephor">Ephor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerousia" title="Gerousia">Gerousia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synedrion" title="Synedrion">Synedrion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koinon_of_Macedonians" class="mw-redirect" title="Koinon of Macedonians">Koinon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Greece" title="List of wars involving Greece">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_military" title="Athenian military">Athenian military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_archers" title="Scythian archers">Scythian archers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonid_Macedonian_army" title="Antigonid Macedonian army">Antigonid Macedonian army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_army" title="Ancient Macedonian army">Army of Macedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballista" title="Ballista">Ballista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_archers" title="Cretan archers">Cretan archers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_armies" title="Hellenistic armies">Hellenistic armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippeis" title="Hippeis">Hippeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoplite" title="Hoplite">Hoplite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companion_cavalry" title="Companion cavalry">Hetairoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_phalanx" title="Macedonian phalanx">Macedonian phalanx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Mycenaean_Greece" title="Military of Mycenaean Greece">Military of Mycenaean Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalanx" title="Phalanx">Phalanx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peltast" title="Peltast">Peltast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pezhetairos" title="Pezhetairos">Pezhetairos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarissa" title="Sarissa">Sarissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Band_of_Thebes" title="Sacred Band of Thebes">Sacred Band of Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciritae" title="Sciritae">Sciritae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_army" title="Seleucid army">Seleucid army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartan_army" title="Spartan army">Spartan army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategos" title="Strategos">Strategos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxotai" title="Toxotai">Toxotai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiphos" title="Xiphos">Xiphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xyston" title="Xyston">Xyston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greeks" title="Category:Ancient Greeks">People</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="List_of_ancient_Greeks"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greeks" title="List of ancient Greeks">List of ancient Greeks</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_rulers_of_Greece#Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of rulers of Greece">Rulers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Argos" title="List of kings of Argos">Kings of Argos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponymous_archon" title="Eponymous archon">Archons of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Athens" title="List of kings of Athens">Kings of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Commagene" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Commagene">Kings of Commagene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadochi" title="Diadochi">Diadochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Macedonia" title="List of kings of Macedonia">Kings of Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Thrace_and_Dacia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Thrace and Dacia">Kings of Paionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attalid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Attalid dynasty">Attalid kings of Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Pontus" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kings of Pontus">Kings of Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_dynasty" title="Seleucid dynasty">Seleucid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Sparta" title="List of kings of Sparta">Kings of Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tyrants_of_Syracuse" title="List of tyrants of Syracuse">Tyrants of Syracuse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists & scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_astronomers" title="List of ancient Greek astronomers">Astronomers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Graeco-Roman_geographers" title="List of Graeco-Roman geographers">Geographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_historians" title="List of ancient Greek historians">Historians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_mathematicians" title="List of ancient Greek mathematicians">Mathematicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_philosophers" title="List of ancient Greek philosophers">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_playwrights" title="List of ancient Greek playwrights">Playwrights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_poets" title="List of ancient Greek poets">Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sages_of_Greece" title="Seven Sages of Greece">Seven Sages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_writers" title="List of ancient Greek writers">Writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Ancient Greek philosophy">Philosophers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaxagoras" title="Anaxagoras">Anaxagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaximander" title="Anaximander">Anaximander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaximenes_of_Miletus" title="Anaximenes of Miletus">Anaximenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisthenes" title="Antisthenes">Antisthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democritus" title="Democritus">Democritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogenes" title="Diogenes">Diogenes of Sinope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empedocles" title="Empedocles">Empedocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicurus" title="Epicurus">Epicurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgias" title="Gorgias">Gorgias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclitus" title="Heraclitus">Heraclitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypatia" title="Hypatia">Hypatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucippus" title="Leucippus">Leucippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmenides" title="Parmenides">Parmenides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protagoras" title="Protagoras">Protagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pythagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thales_of_Miletus" title="Thales of Miletus">Thales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_of_Elea" title="Zeno of Elea">Zeno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature" title="Ancient Greek literature">Authors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesop" title="Aesop">Aesop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcaeus_of_Mytilene" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcaeus of Mytilene">Alcaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archilochus" title="Archilochus">Archilochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacchylides" title="Bacchylides">Bacchylides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipponax" title="Hipponax">Hipponax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibycus" title="Ibycus">Ibycus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menander" title="Menander">Menander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimnermus" title="Mimnermus">Mimnermus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panyassis" title="Panyassis">Panyassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philocles" title="Philocles">Philocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sappho" title="Sappho">Sappho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simonides_of_Ceos" title="Simonides of Ceos">Simonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stesichorus" title="Stesichorus">Stesichorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theognis_of_Megara" title="Theognis of Megara">Theognis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timocreon" title="Timocreon">Timocreon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrtaeus" title="Tyrtaeus">Tyrtaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Athenian_statesmen" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ancient Athenian statesmen">Athenian statesmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_lawgivers" title="List of ancient Greek lawgivers">Lawgivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Olympic_victors" title="List of ancient Olympic victors">Olympic victors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_tyrants" title="List of ancient Greek tyrants">Tyrants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_tribes" title="List of ancient Greek tribes">Ancient Greek tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thracian_Greeks" title="List of Thracian Greeks">Thracian Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Macedonians" title="List of ancient Macedonians">Ancient Macedonians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="SocietyCulture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greece" title="Culture of Greece">Culture</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_ancient_Greece" title="Agriculture in ancient Greece">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_calendars" title="Ancient Greek calendars">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Greece" title="Clothing in ancient Greece">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_coinage" title="Ancient Greek coinage">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_cuisine" title="Ancient Greek cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_ancient_Greece" title="Economy of ancient Greece">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paideia" title="Paideia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emporium_(antiquity)" title="Emporium (antiquity)">Emporium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euergetism" title="Euergetism">Euergetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_festivals" title="Athenian festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_folklore" title="Ancient Greek folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Greece" title="Homosexuality in ancient Greece">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_law" title="Ancient Greek law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pederasty_in_ancient_Greece" title="Pederasty in ancient Greece">Pederasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Ancient Greek philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_ancient_Greece" title="Prostitution in ancient Greece">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_ancient_Greece" title="Slavery in ancient Greece">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_ancient_Greece" title="Marriage in ancient Greece">Wedding customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece_and_wine" title="Ancient Greece and wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art">Arts</a> and science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_architecture" title="Ancient Greek architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revival architecture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_astronomy" title="Ancient Greek astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature" title="Ancient Greek literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_mathematics" title="Greek mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_medicine" title="Ancient Greek medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_ancient_Greece" title="Music of ancient Greece">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musical_system_of_ancient_Greece" title="Musical system of ancient Greece">Musical system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery_of_ancient_Greece" title="Pottery of ancient Greece">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_sculpture" title="Ancient Greek sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_technology" title="Ancient Greek technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Greece" title="Theatre of ancient Greece">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_funeral_and_burial_practices" title="Ancient Greek funeral and burial practices">Funeral and burial practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Mythology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_mythological_figures" title="List of Greek mythological figures">mythological figures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_temple" title="Ancient Greek temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Twelve Olympians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld" title="Greek underworld">Underworld</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">Sacred places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleusis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleusis">Eleusis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dion,_Pieria" title="Dion, Pieria">Dion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodona" title="Dodona">Dodona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Mount Olympus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_Treasury" title="Athenian Treasury">Athenian Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Gate" title="Lion Gate">Lion Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Walls" title="Long Walls">Long Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippeion" title="Philippeion">Philippeion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Dionysus" title="Theatre of Dionysus">Theatre of Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_of_Eupalinos" title="Tunnel of Eupalinos">Tunnel of Eupalinos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_temple" title="Ancient Greek temple">Temples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Aphaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Aphaea">Aphaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis" title="Temple of Artemis">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Athena_Nike" title="Temple of Athena Nike">Athena Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erechtheion" title="Erechtheion">Erechtheion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hephaestus" title="Temple of Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hera,_Olympia" title="Temple of Hera, Olympia">Hera, Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samothrace_temple_complex" title="Samothrace temple complex">Samothrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Zeus,_Olympia" title="Temple of Zeus, Olympia">Zeus, Olympia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Greek_language" title="Proto-Greek language">Proto-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek" title="Mycenaean Greek">Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Greek" title="Homeric Greek">Homeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_dialects" title="Ancient Greek dialects">Dialects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek" title="Aeolic Greek">Aeolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadocypriot_Greek" title="Arcadocypriot Greek">Arcadocypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek" title="Attic Greek">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Greek" title="Doric Greek">Doric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirote_Greek" title="Epirote Greek">Epirote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionic_Greek" title="Ionic Greek">Ionic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locrian_Greek" title="Locrian Greek">Locrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_language" title="Ancient Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphylian_Greek" title="Pamphylian Greek">Pamphylian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Greek_alphabet" title="History of the Greek alphabet">Writing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot syllabary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greek numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic numerals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Greek_colonisation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_colonisation" title="Greek colonisation">Greek colonisation</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mainland<br />Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lecce" title="Lecce">Alision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brindisi" title="Brindisi">Brentesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caulonia_(ancient_city)" title="Caulonia (ancient city)">Caulonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casabona" title="Casabona">Chone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotone" title="Crotone">Croton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumae" title="Cumae">Cumae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velia" title="Velia">Elea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Lucania" title="Heraclea Lucania">Heraclea Lucania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibo_Valentia" title="Vibo Valentia">Hipponion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otranto" title="Otranto">Hydrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krimisa" title="Krimisa">Krimisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%C3%BCs" title="Laüs">Laüs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locri" title="Locri">Locri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medma" title="Medma">Medma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metauros" title="Metauros">Metauros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapontum" title="Metapontum">Metapontion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Neápolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandosia_(Lucania)" title="Pandosia (Lucania)">Pandosia (Lucania)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paestum" title="Paestum">Poseidonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policastro_Bussentino" title="Policastro Bussentino">Pixous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria">Rhegion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylletium" title="Scylletium">Scylletium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siris_(Magna_Graecia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siris (Magna Graecia)">Siris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybaris" title="Sybaris">Sybaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybaris_on_the_Traeis" title="Sybaris on the Traeis">Sybaris on the Traeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terina_(ancient_city)" title="Terina (ancient city)">Terina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurii" title="Thurii">Thurii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrigento" title="Agrigento">Akragas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrai" title="Akrai">Akrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrillai" title="Akrillai">Akrillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Sicily)" title="Apollonia (Sicily)">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caronia" title="Caronia">Calacte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casmenae" title="Casmenae">Casmenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gela" title="Gela">Gela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helorus" title="Helorus">Helorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enna" title="Enna">Henna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Minoa" title="Heraclea Minoa">Heraclea Minoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himera" title="Himera">Himera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybla_Gereatis" title="Hybla Gereatis">Hybla Gereatis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybla_Heraea" title="Hybla Heraea">Hybla Heraea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamarina,_Sicily" title="Kamarina, Sicily">Kamarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentini" title="Lentini">Leontinoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megara_Hyblaea" title="Megara Hyblaea">Megara Hyblaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxos_(Sicily)" title="Naxos (Sicily)">Naxos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segesta" title="Segesta">Segesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selinunte" title="Selinunte">Selinous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taormina" title="Taormina">Tauromenion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciacca" title="Sciacca">Thermae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tindari" title="Tindari">Tyndaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_Islands" title="Aeolian Islands">Aeolian Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salina,_Sicily" title="Salina, Sicily">Didyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panarea" title="Panarea">Euonymos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicudi" title="Alicudi">Ereikousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basiluzzo" title="Basiluzzo">Hycesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipari" title="Lipari">Lipara/Meligounis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filicudi" title="Filicudi">Phoenicusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stromboli" title="Stromboli">Strongyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcano" title="Vulcano">Therassía</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayda,_Libya" title="Bayda, Libya">Balagrae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barca_(ancient_city)" title="Barca (ancient city)">Barca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Berenice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya" title="Cyrene, Libya">Cyrene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apollonia,_Cyrenaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia, Cyrenaica">Apollonia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemais,_Cyrenaica" title="Ptolemais, Cyrenaica">Ptolemais</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucentum" title="Lucentum">Akra Leuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villajoyosa" title="Villajoyosa">Alonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%BAries" title="Empúries">Emporion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elche" title="Elche">Helike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9nia" title="Dénia">Hemeroscopion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aljaraque" title="Aljaraque">Kalathousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mart%C3%AD_d%27Emp%C3%BAries" title="Sant Martí d'Empúries">Kypsela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainake_(Greek_settlement)" title="Mainake (Greek settlement)">Mainake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Puerto_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa" title="El Puerto de Santa María">Menestheus's Limin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Pola" title="Santa Pola">Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roses,_Girona" class="mw-redirect" title="Roses, Girona">Rhode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salou" title="Salou">Salauris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagunto" title="Sagunto">Zacynthos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspalathos" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspalathos">Aspalathos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Illyria)" title="Apollonia (Illyria)">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB#Early_history" title="Vlorë">Aulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidamnos" title="Epidamnos">Epidamnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidaurum" title="Epidaurum">Epidauros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issa_(polis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Issa (polis)">Issa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melaina_Korkyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Melaina Korkyra">Melaina Korkyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeum_(Illyria)" title="Nymphaeum (Illyria)">Nymphaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricum" title="Oricum">Orikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharos_(polis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharos (polis)">Pharos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragurion" class="mw-redirect" title="Tragurion">Tragurion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thronion_(Illyria)" title="Thronion (Illyria)">Thronion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a><br />basin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North<br />coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akra_(Crimmerian_Bosporus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akra (Crimmerian Bosporus)">Akra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berezan_Island" title="Berezan Island">Borysthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charax,_Crimea" title="Charax, Crimea">Charax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chersonesus" title="Chersonesus">Chersonesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Dioscurias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapa" title="Anapa">Gorgippia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tmutarakan" title="Tmutarakan">Hermonassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalos_Limen" title="Kalos Limen">Kalos Limen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepoi" title="Kepoi">Kepoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevpatoria" title="Yevpatoria">Kerkinitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimmerikon" title="Kimmerikon">Kimmerikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrmekion" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrmekion">Myrmekion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikonion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikonion">Nikonion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaion_(Crimea)" title="Nymphaion (Crimea)">Nymphaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olbia_(Pontic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olbia (Pontic)">Olbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantikapaion" title="Pantikapaion">Pantikapaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanagoria" title="Phanagoria">Phanagoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitsunda" title="Pitsunda">Pityus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanais" title="Tanais">Tanais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feodosia" title="Feodosia">Theodosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyras" title="Tyras">Tyras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyritake" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyritake">Tyritake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South<br />coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abonoteichos" title="Abonoteichos">Abonoteichos</a></li> <li><a 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