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Albert Einstein – Wikipedija/Википедија

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Životopis</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Životopis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Djetinjstvo_i_srednjoškolsko_doba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Djetinjstvo_i_srednjoškolsko_doba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Djetinjstvo i srednjoškolsko doba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Djetinjstvo_i_srednjoškolsko_doba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zaposlenje_i_doktorat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaposlenje_i_doktorat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Zaposlenje i doktorat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaposlenje_i_doktorat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1905._-_&quot;čudesna_godina&quot;_(Anus_Mirabilis)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1905._-_&quot;čudesna_godina&quot;_(Anus_Mirabilis)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>1905. - "čudesna godina" (<i>Anus Mirabilis</i>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1905._-_&quot;čudesna_godina&quot;_(Anus_Mirabilis)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Srednje_godine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Srednje_godine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Srednje godine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Srednje_godine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Opća_relativnost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opća_relativnost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Opća relativnost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opća_relativnost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kopenhagensko_tumačenje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kopenhagensko_tumačenje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Kopenhagensko tumačenje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kopenhagensko_tumačenje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Determinizam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Determinizam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.1</span> <span>Determinizam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Determinizam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nepotpunost_i_realizam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nepotpunost_i_realizam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.2</span> <span>Nepotpunost i realizam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nepotpunost_i_realizam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pregled" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pregled"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.3</span> <span>Pregled</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pregled-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bose-Einsteinova_statistika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bose-Einsteinova_statistika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Bose-Einsteinova statistika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bose-Einsteinova_statistika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Einsteinov_hladnjak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Einsteinov_hladnjak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.4</span> <span>Einsteinov hladnjak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Einsteinov_hladnjak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emigracija_iz_nacističke_Njemačke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emigracija_iz_nacističke_Njemačke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.5</span> <span>Emigracija iz nacističke Njemačke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emigracija_iz_nacističke_Njemačke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drugi_svjetski_rat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drugi_svjetski_rat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.6</span> <span>Drugi svjetski rat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drugi_svjetski_rat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ujedinjena_teorija_polja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ujedinjena_teorija_polja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.7</span> <span>Ujedinjena teorija polja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ujedinjena_teorija_polja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pozne_godine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pozne_godine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Pozne godine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pozne_godine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uvjerenja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uvjerenja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Uvjerenja</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uvjerenja-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Uvjerenja</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uvjerenja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religijski_pogledi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religijski_pogledi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Religijski pogledi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religijski_pogledi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-O_religiji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#O_religiji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>O religiji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-O_religiji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Znanstvena_filozofija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Znanstvena_filozofija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Znanstvena filozofija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Znanstvena_filozofija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politički_pogledi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politički_pogledi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Politički pogledi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politički_pogledi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Državljanstvo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Državljanstvo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Državljanstvo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Državljanstvo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popularnost_i_utjecaj_na_kulturu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popularnost_i_utjecaj_na_kulturu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Popularnost i utjecaj na kulturu</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Popularnost_i_utjecaj_na_kulturu-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Popularnost i utjecaj na kulturu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Popularnost_i_utjecaj_na_kulturu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zanimljivosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zanimljivosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Zanimljivosti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zanimljivosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spekulacije_i_kontroverze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spekulacije_i_kontroverze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Spekulacije i kontroverze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spekulacije_i_kontroverze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Počasti_i_priznanja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Počasti_i_priznanja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Počasti i priznanja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Počasti_i_priznanja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Einsteinovi_radovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Einsteinovi_radovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Einsteinovi radovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Einsteinovi_radovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bilješke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bilješke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bilješke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bilješke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliografija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_veze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_veze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Vanjske veze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_veze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Albert Einstein</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 227 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-227" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">227 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Еинштеин, Алберт — Abkazijski" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Еинштеин, Алберт" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkazijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Afrikanerski" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikanerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Švajcarsko nemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Švajcarsko nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%8D%E1%89%A0%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B5_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B3%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%95" title="አልበርት አይንስታይን — Amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አልበርት አይንስታይን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Aragonežanski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonežanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Staroengleski" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Staroengleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8" title="ऐल्बर्ट आइनस्टाइन — Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ऐल्बर्ट आइनस्टाइन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ألبرت أينشتاين — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألبرت أينشتاين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B7_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ألبيرط أينشطاين — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ألبيرط أينشطاين" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="البرت اينشتاين — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="البرت اينشتاين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="এলবাৰ্ট আইনষ্টাইন — Asemijski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="এলবাৰ্ট আইনষ্টাইন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Asemijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="अल्बर्ट आइंस्टीन — Avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="अल्बर्ट आइंस्टीन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Ajmara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Ajmara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Eyn%C5%9Fteyn" title="Albert Eynşteyn — Azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Albert Eynşteyn" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آلبرت آینشتاین — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلبرت آینشتاین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Альберт Эйнштейн — Baškir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Альберт Эйнштейн" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baškir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Balinezijski" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberts_Ein%C5%A1teins" title="Alberts Einšteins — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Alberts Einšteins" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Альберт Эйнштэйн — Beloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Альберт Эйнштэйн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Beloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Альбэрт Айнштайн — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Альбэрт Айнштайн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albet_%C3%89nst%C3%A9n" title="Albet Énstén — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Albet Énstén" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Алберт Айнщайн — Bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алберт Айнщайн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="अल्बर्ट आइंस्टीन — Biharski" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अल्बर्ट आइंस्टीन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Biharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="আলবার্ট আইনস্টাইন — Bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আলবার্ট আইনস্টাইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨར་པོ་ཐེ་ཨའེ་དབྱིན་སི་ཐེན། — Tibetanski" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨར་པོ་ཐེ་ཨའེ་དབྱིན་སི་ཐེན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="আলবার্ট আইনস্টাইন — Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="আলবার্ট আইনস্টাইন" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Альберт Айнштайн — Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Альберт Айнштайн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Эйнштейн, Альберт — Čečenski" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Эйнштейн, Альберт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Čečenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ئەلبەرت ئاینشتاین — centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەلبەرت ئاینشتاین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Korzikanski" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korzikanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Eyn%C5%9Fteyn" title="Albert Eynşteyn — Krimeanski turski" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Albert Eynşteyn" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krimeanski turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Эйнштейн, Альберт — Čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эйнштейн, Альберт" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8" title="अल्बर्ट आइनस्टाइन — Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="अल्बर्ट आइनस्टाइन" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BB%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%84_%CE%91%CF%8A%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Άλμπερτ Αϊνστάιν — Grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άλμπερτ Αϊνστάιν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آلبرت اینشتین — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلبرت اینشتین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einsteini_Albert" title="Einsteini Albert — Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Einsteini Albert" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Farski" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Farski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Severno-frizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Severno-frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Frizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="愛因斯坦 — gan kineski" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="愛因斯坦" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Škotski Galski" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Škotski Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Galski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Gvarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="Gvarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F_%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%A8" title="આલ્બર્ટ આઇન્સ્ટાઇન — Gudžarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આલ્બર્ટ આઇન્સ્ટાઇન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gudžarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Manks" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — hakka kineski" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Havajski" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Havajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="אלברט איינשטיין — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלברט איינשטיין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="अल्बर्ट आइंस्टीन — Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अल्बर्ट आइंस्टीन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Gornji sorbijski" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Gornji sorbijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Haićanski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haićanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF_%D4%B1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6" title="Ալբերտ Այնշտայն — Jermenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալբերտ Այնշտայն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Jermenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A9_%D4%B1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%B7%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6" title="Ալպերթ Այնշթայն — Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ալպերթ Այնշթայն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Interlingve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="アルベルト・アインシュタイン — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルベルト・アインシュタイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alboert_Ainstain" title="Alboert Ainstain — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Alboert Ainstain" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/albert._ainctain" title="albert. ainctain — Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="albert. ainctain" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ალბერტ აინშტაინი — Gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალბერტ აინშტაინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Kara-kalpaški" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-kalpaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Kabile" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabile" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Альберт Эйнштейн — Kozački" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Альберт Эйнштейн" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kozački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%8F_%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%84" title="អាល់បឺត អែងស្តែង — Kmerski" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អាល់បឺត អែងស្តែង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Kmerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%90%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅಲ್ಬರ್ಟ್ ಐನ್‍ಸ್ಟೈನ್ — Kanada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಲ್ಬರ್ಟ್ ಐನ್‍ಸ್ಟೈನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kanada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B8%EC%8A%88%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B8" title="알베르트 아인슈타인 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알베르트 아인슈타인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8E%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%90%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%90%D9%86" title="اَلبرٹ آنِسٹایِن — Kašmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اَلبرٹ آنِسٹایِن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kašmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — kelnski" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kelnski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Korniški" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Korniški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Альберт Эйнштейн — Kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Альберт Эйнштейн" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Einstein" title="Albertus Einstein — Latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Albertus Einstein" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Альберт Эйнштейн — Lezgian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Альберт Эйнштейн" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alubbaati_Ansitayini" title="Alubbaati Ansitayini — Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Alubbaati Ansitayini" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Limburgiš" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — ligurski" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — lombardski" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B5_%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%8C" title="ແອລເບີຣີ ອີນສະໄຕນ໌ — Laoški" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແອລເບີຣີ ອີນສະໄຕນ໌" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laoški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberts_Ein%C5%A1teins" title="Alberts Einšteins — Letonski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alberts Einšteins" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Madureški" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madureški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8" title="अल्बर्ट आइनस्टाइन — Maitili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अल्बर्ट आइनस्टाइन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maitili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Malagazijski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagazijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%90%D1%98%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD" title="Алберт Ајнштајн — Makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алберт Ајнштајн" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%90%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BB" title="ആൽബർട്ട് ഐൻസ്റ്റൈൻ — Malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആൽബർട്ട് ഐൻസ്റ്റൈൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Альберт Эйнштейн — Mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Альберт Эйнштейн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%9C%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%A0_%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A2%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A2%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯑꯜꯕꯔ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯥꯢꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯢꯟ — Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯜꯕꯔ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯥꯢꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯢꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8" title="अल्बर्ट आइन्स्टाइन — Marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अल्बर्ट आइन्स्टाइन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Melteški" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Melteški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Mirandeški" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandeški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အဲလ်ဘတ် အိုင်းစတိုင်း — Burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အဲလ်ဘတ် အိုင်းစတိုင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Эйнштейн, Альберт — Erzija" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Эйнштейн, Альберт" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzija" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آلبرت اینشتین — mazanderanski" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آلبرت اینشتین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Niski nemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Niski nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — donjosaksonski" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="donjosaksonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8" title="अल्बर्ट आइन्स्टाइन — Nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अल्बर्ट आइन्स्टाइन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8" title="अल्बर्ट आइन्स्टाइन — Nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अल्बर्ट आइन्स्टाइन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Norveški njorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveški njorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastiin_Albert_Einstein" title="Hastiin Albert Einstein — Navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Hastiin Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Provansalski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Provansalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberti_Anistaayin" title="Alberti Anistaayin — Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Alberti Anistaayin" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F_%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A8" title="ଆଲବର୍ଟ ଆଇନଷ୍ଟାଇନ — Orijski" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଲବର୍ଟ ଆଇନଷ୍ଟାଇନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Orijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Эйнштейн, Альберт — Osetski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Эйнштейн, Альберт" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A8" title="ਅਲਬਰਟ ਆਈਨਸਟਾਈਨ — Pandžabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਲਬਰਟ ਆਈਨਸਟਾਈਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandžabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D8%A2%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86" title="ایلبرٹ آئینسٹائن — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایلبرٹ آئینسٹائن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%BC_%D8%A2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%BC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="البرټ آينسټاين — Paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="البرټ آينسټاين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Kvenča" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Kvenča" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Reto-Romanski" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Aromanijski" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Эйнштейн, Альберт — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эйнштейн, Альберт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Алберт Айнштайн — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Алберт Айнштайн" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="अल्बर्ट् ऐन्स्टैन् — Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अल्बर्ट् ऐन्स्टैन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Альберт Эйнштейн — Jakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Альберт Эйнштейн" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B4_%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱟᱞᱵᱚᱨᱴ ᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ — Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱞᱵᱚᱨᱴ ᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Sardinijski" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Sicilijanski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%BD_%D8%A2%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%BD%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86" title="البرٽ آئنسٽائن — Sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="البرٽ آئنسٽائن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Severni sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Severni sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albirt_Aync%E1%B9%ADayn" title="Albirt Ayncṭayn — tahelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Albirt Ayncṭayn" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tahelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="ඇල්බට්‍ අයින්ස්ටයින් — Singaleski" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇල්බට්‍ අයින්ස්ටයින්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singaleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D8%A2%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86" title="البرٹ آئنسٹائن — Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="البرٹ آئنسٹائن" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Slovenački" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Inari sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Ajnshtajni" title="Albert Ajnshtajni — Albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Albert Ajnshtajni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%90%D1%98%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD" title="Алберт Ајнштајн — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алберт Ајнштајн" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Sudanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sudanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpute.ayinsedan" title="Alpute.ayinsedan — Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Alpute.ayinsedan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆல்பர்ட் ஐன்ஸ்டைன் — Tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆல்பர்ட் ஐன்ஸ்டைன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%90%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಆಲ್ಬರ್ಟ್ ಐನ್‍ಸ್ಟೀನ್ — Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಆಲ್ಬರ್ಟ್ ಐನ್‍ಸ್ಟೀನ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%90%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆల్బర్ట్ ఐన్‌స్టీన్ — Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆల్బర్ట్ ఐన్‌స్టీన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Алберт Эйнштейн — Tađik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Алберт Эйнштейн" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tađik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95_%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="อัลเบิร์ต ไอน์สไตน์ — Tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อัลเบิร์ต ไอน์สไตน์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_E%C3%BDn%C5%9Fte%C3%BDn" title="Albert Eýnşteýn — Turkmenski" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Albert Eýnşteýn" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Ejn%C5%A1tejn" title="Albert Ejnštejn — Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Albert Ejnštejn" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Альберт Эйнштейн — Tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Альберт Эйнштейн" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Эйнштейн, Альберт — Tuvinijski" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Эйнштейн, Альберт" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%DB%90%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A6%DB%90%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%86" title="ئالبېرت ئېينىشتېيىن — Ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئالبېرت ئېينىشتېيىن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%95%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Альберт Ейнштейн — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Альберт Ейнштейн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D8%A2%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86" title="البرٹ آئنسٹائن — Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="البرٹ آئنسٹائن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — venecijanski" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venecijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ein%C5%A1tein_Al%27bert" title="Einštein Al&#039;bert — Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Einštein Al&#039;bert" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Valun" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Valun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varej" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Volof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Volof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦 — Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ალბერტ აინშტაინი — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ალბერტ აინშტაინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="אלבערט איינשטיין — Jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אלבערט איינשטיין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Jorubanski" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Jorubanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Zuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein — Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Albert Einstein" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 — Kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="愛因斯坦 — 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Turner (1947.)</td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #DDDDDD;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rođenje </th> <td><a href="/wiki/14._o%C5%BEujka" class="mw-redirect" title="14. ožujka">14. ožujka</a> <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>.<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka"><img alt="Njemačka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka">Njemačka</a><br /><small>(tada <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dko_Carstvo" title="Njemačko Carstvo">Njemačko Carstvo</a>)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Smrt </th> <td><a href="/wiki/18._travnja" class="mw-redirect" title="18. travnja">18. travnja</a>, <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>.<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjedinjene_Ameri%C4%8Dke_Dr%C5%BEave" title="Sjedinjene Američke Države"><img alt="Sjedinjene Američke Države" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">NJ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sjedinjene_Ameri%C4%8Dke_Dr%C5%BEave" title="Sjedinjene Američke Države">Sjedinjene Države</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Državljanstvo </th> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka"><img alt="Njemačka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nema%C4%8Dka" class="mw-redirect" title="Nemačka">njemačko</a> <small>(1879.–96., 1914.–33.)</small><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vicarska" title="Švicarska"><img alt="Švicarska" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vajcarska" class="mw-redirect" title="Švajcarska">švicarsko</a> <small>(1901.–55.)</small><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjedinjene_Ameri%C4%8Dke_Dr%C5%BEave" title="Sjedinjene Američke Države"><img alt="Sjedinjene Američke Države" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sjedinjene_Ameri%C4%8Dke_Dr%C5%BEave" title="Sjedinjene Američke Države">američko</a> <small>(1940.–55.)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Etnicitet </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jevreji" title="Jevreji">Židov</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Polje </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika">fizika</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Institucija </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vajcarska" class="mw-redirect" title="Švajcarska">Švicarski</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patentni_ured&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Patentni ured (stranica ne postoji)">patentni ured</a> <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">(Berne)</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1te_u_Z%C3%BCrichu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sveučilište u Zürichu (stranica ne postoji)">Sveučilište u Zürichu</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1te_Charles_u_Pragu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sveučilište Charles u Pragu (stranica ne postoji)">Sveučilište Charles u Pragu</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pruska_akademija_znanosti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pruska akademija znanosti (stranica ne postoji)">Pruska akademija znanosti</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_Kaiser_Wilhelm&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut Kaiser Wilhelm (stranica ne postoji)">Institut Kaiser Wilhelm</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1te_u_Leidenu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sveučilište u Leidenu (stranica ne postoji)">Sveučilište u Leidenu</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_za_napredna_istra%C5%BEivanja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut za napredna istraživanja (stranica ne postoji)">Institut za napredna istraživanja</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><i>Alma&#160;mater</i> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/ETH_Z%C3%BCrich" title="ETH Zürich">ETH Zürich</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Akademski&#160;mentor </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Kleiner&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Kleiner (stranica ne postoji)">Alfred Kleiner</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Poznat&#160;po </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Op%C4%87a_teorija_relativnosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Opća teorija relativnosti">Opća teorija relativnosti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Posebna_teorija_relativnosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Posebna teorija relativnosti">Specijalna teorija relativnosti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Brownovo_gibanje" class="mw-redirect" title="Brownovo gibanje">Brownovo gibanje</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fotoelektri%C4%8Dni_efekt" title="Fotoelektrični efekt">Fotoelektrični efekt</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ekvivalencija_mase_i_energije" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekvivalencija mase i energije">Ekvivalencija mase i energije</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Einsteinove_jednad%C5%BEbe_polja" title="Einsteinove jednadžbe polja">Einsteinove jednadžbe polja</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klasi%C4%8Dne_teorije_ujedinjenja_polja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Klasične teorije ujedinjenja polja (stranica ne postoji)">Teorija ujedinjenog polja</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Bose-Einsteinova_statistika" title="Bose-Einsteinova statistika">Bose-Einsteinova statistika</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/EPR_paradoks" title="EPR paradoks">EPR paradoks</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bose-Einsteinov_kondenzat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bose-Einsteinov kondenzat (stranica ne postoji)">Bose-Einsteinov kondenzat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Istaknute&#160;nagrade </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">Nobelova nagrada za fiziku</a><br />(1921.)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copley_medalja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Copley medalja (stranica ne postoji)">Copley medalja</a><br />(1925.)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck_medalja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Planck medalja (stranica ne postoji)">Max Planck medalja</a><br />(1929.) </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Albert Einstein</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a>, <a href="/wiki/14._3." title="14. 3.">14. ožujka</a> <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princeton" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Princeton">Princeton</a>, <a href="/wiki/18._4." title="18. 4.">18. travnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>) bio je teorijski fizičar, jedan od najvećih umova i najznačajnijih ličnosti u povijesti svijeta.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Rođen je u <a href="/wiki/14._3." title="14. 3.">14. ožujka</a> <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>. godine u <a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulmu</a>, u <a href="/wiki/Nema%C4%8Dka" class="mw-redirect" title="Nemačka">Njemačkoj</a>, a umro je <a href="/wiki/18._4." title="18. 4.">18. travnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>. godine u <a href="/wiki/Princeton" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Princeton">Princetonu</a> u <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jerseyju</a>, u <a href="/wiki/Sjedinjene_Ameri%C4%8Dke_Dr%C5%BEave" title="Sjedinjene Američke Države">Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama</a>. </p><p>Albert Einstein formulirao je <a href="/wiki/Posebna_teorija_relativnosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Posebna teorija relativnosti">posebnu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Op%C4%87a_teorija_relativnosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Opća teorija relativnosti">opću teoriju relativnosti</a> kojima je uveo revoluciju u modernu fiziku. Pored toga, doprinio je napretku kvantne teorije i statističke mehanike. Iako je najpoznatiji po <a href="/wiki/Teorija_relativnosti" title="Teorija relativnosti">teoriji relativnosti</a> (posebno po ekvivalenciji mase i energije <i>E=mc<sup>2</sup></i>), <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">Nobelova nagrada za fiziku</a> mu je dodijeljena <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a>. godine za objašnjenje <a href="/wiki/Fotoelektri%C4%8Dni_efekt" title="Fotoelektrični efekt">fotoelektričnog efekta</a> (rada objavljenog <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>. u <i>Anno Mirabile</i> ili <i>„Godini čuda“</i>) kao i za doprinos razvoju teorijske fizike. U narodu, ime „Einstein“ je sinonim za čovjeka visoke inteligencije ili za genija. </p><p>Predmet njegovih istraživanja bile su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapilarne_sile&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapilarne sile (stranica ne postoji)">kapilarne sile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Posebna_teorija_relativnosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Posebna teorija relativnosti">posebna teorija relativnosti</a> (kojom je ujedinio zakone mehanike i elektromagnetike), <a href="/wiki/Op%C4%87a_teorija_relativnosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Opća teorija relativnosti">opća teorija relativnosti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmologija" title="Kosmologija">kozmologija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Statisti%C4%8Dka_mehanika" title="Statistička mehanika">statistička mehanika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brownovo_gibanje" class="mw-redirect" title="Brownovo gibanje">Brownovo gibanje</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kriti%C4%8Dna_opalescencija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritična opalescencija (stranica ne postoji)">kritična opalescencija</a>, vjerojatnost elektronskih prijelaza u atomu, problemi probabilističke interpretacije kvantne teorije, termodinamika svjetlosti pri maloj gustoći zračenja, <a href="/wiki/Fotoelektri%C4%8Dni_efekt" title="Fotoelektrični efekt">fotoelektrični efekt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotoluminiscencija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotoluminiscencija (stranica ne postoji)">fotoluminiscencija</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotoionizacija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotoionizacija (stranica ne postoji)">fotoionizacija</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltin_efekt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Voltin efekt (stranica ne postoji)">Voltin efekt</a>, stimulirana emisija zračenja, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorija_polja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorija polja (stranica ne postoji)">ujedinjene teorije polja</a>, unifikacija bazičnih fizikalnih koncepata preko njihove geometrizacije itd. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Životopis"><span id=".C5.BDivotopis"></span>Životopis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Životopis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Životopis"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Djetinjstvo_i_srednjoškolsko_doba"><span id="Djetinjstvo_i_srednjo.C5.A1kolsko_doba"></span>Djetinjstvo i srednjoškolsko doba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Djetinjstvo i srednjoškolsko doba" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Djetinjstvo i srednjoškolsko doba"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:365px;"> <table style="background: transparent; border: 0; padding: 0; margin: 0; width:361px;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0;" class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Hermann_einstein.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hermann Einstein Albertov otac"><img alt="Hermann Einstein Albertov otac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Hermann_einstein.jpg/177px-Hermann_einstein.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Hermann_einstein.jpg/266px-Hermann_einstein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Hermann_einstein.jpg/354px-Hermann_einstein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="620" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0; width: 2px"> </td> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0;" class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Pauline_Koch_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hermann Einstein Albertov otac"><img alt="Hermann Einstein Albertov otac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Pauline_Koch_edit.jpg/180px-Pauline_Koch_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Pauline_Koch_edit.jpg/270px-Pauline_Koch_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Pauline_Koch_edit.jpg/360px-Pauline_Koch_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0;"><div class="thumbcaption"><center><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Einstein (stranica ne postoji)">Hermann Einstein</a><br /><small>Albertov otac</small></center></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0;"> </td> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0;"><div class="thumbcaption"><center><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pauline_Koch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pauline Koch (stranica ne postoji)">Pauline Koch</a><br /><small>Albertova majka</small></center></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>Albert Einstein je rođen <a href="/wiki/14._3." title="14. 3.">14. ožujka</a> <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>. godine, otprilike u 11:30 sati, u židovskoj obitelji, nastanjenoj u gradu <a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a> u pokrajini <a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%BCrttemberg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Württemberg (stranica ne postoji)">Württemberg</a>, što je oko 100&#160;km istočno od <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgarta</a>. Njegov otac bio je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Einstein (stranica ne postoji)">Hermann Einstein</a>, po zanimanju trgovac, koji se kasnije bavio <a href="/wiki/Elektrokemija" title="Elektrokemija">elektrokemijskim</a> poslovima, a majka mu je bila <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pauline_Koch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pauline Koch (stranica ne postoji)">Paulina Einstein</a>, djevojačko Koch. Oni su se vjenčali u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuttgart-Bad_Cannstatt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt (stranica ne postoji)">Stuttgart-Bad Cannstattu</a>. Po Albertovom rođenju, njegova majka navodno je bila preplašena, jer je mislila da je glava njenog novorođenčeta previše velika i da je loše oblikovana. Pošto je veličina njegove glave, čini se, bila manje vrijedna pažnje kako je on bivao stariji (što je očigledno sa svih fotografija na kojima se vidi da mu je glava bila proporcionalna veličini tijela u svim periodima života), ovu njegovu <i>"osobinu"</i> na dalje su tretirali kao neku vrstu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekrocefalizacija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mekrocefalizacija (stranica ne postoji)">benigne makrocefalnosti</a> odnosno smatrali su da proporcije njegove glave nisu ni u kakvoj vezi sa nekom eventualnom bolešću, niti da imaju bilo kakvog utjecaja na njegove kognitivne sposobnosti. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Albert_Einstein_at_the_age_of_three_(1882).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Albert_Einstein_at_the_age_of_three_%281882%29.jpg/220px-Albert_Einstein_at_the_age_of_three_%281882%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Albert_Einstein_at_the_age_of_three_%281882%29.jpg/330px-Albert_Einstein_at_the_age_of_three_%281882%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Albert_Einstein_at_the_age_of_three_%281882%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Albert Einstein kao dijete, ovo je ujedno i najstarija postojeća slika Alberta Einsteina.</figcaption></figure> <p>Još jedan, poznatiji, aspekt Einsteinovog djetinjstva predstavlja činjenica da je on progovorio kasnije nego većina prosječne djece. Einstein je sam tvrdio da nije progovorio prije svoje treće godine i da je i tada to nevoljko radio sve do uzrasta od devet godina. Zbog ovog Einsteinovog zakasnjelog razvoja govornih sposobnosti i njegove kasnije dječačke sklonosti da izbjegava svaku temu u školi koja mu je dosadna, a da se intenzivno koncentrira samo na ono što ga interesira, neki od njegovih poznavalaca iz tog vremena, kao na primjer jedna obiteljska kućna pomoćnica, sugerirali su čak da je on možda retardiran. Ovo posljednje zapažanje nije, međutim, bilo i jedino u Einsteinovom životu koje je išlo za tim da mu se prikače nekakvi kontroverzni epiteti ili da se etiketira nekom <i>"patološkom naljepnicom"</i>. Pošto se nitko od članova Albertove obitelji nije strogo pridržavao židovskih vjerskih običaja, i za njega je bilo dozvoljeno da pohađa katoličku osnovnu školu. Iako mu se u početku nisu baš sviđale sve lekcije koje je čuo u toj školi, a nerijetko ih je i propuštao, on je kasnije, na primjer, često nalazio veliko zadovoljstvo i utjehu u <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozartovim</a> <a href="/wiki/Violina" title="Violina">violinskim</a> <a href="/wiki/Sonata" title="Sonata">sonatama</a>. </p><p>Kada je Einsteinu bilo pet godina, njegov mu je otac pokazao mali džepni <a href="/wiki/Kompas" title="Kompas">kompas</a> i Einstein je tada shvatio da nešto u "praznom" prostoru djeluje na magnetnu iglu kompasa, da bi kasnije ovaj doživljaj opisao kao najveći događaj njegovog života. On je, zabave radi, pravio modele i mehaničke spravice pokazujući tako od malena velike tehničke i matematičke sposobnosti. </p><p>Počevši od <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>. godine, student medicine po imenu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Talmud&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Talmud (stranica ne postoji)">Max Talmud</a> (kasnije Talmey), koji je četvrtkom navečer posjećivao Einsteinove u periodu od šest godina,<sup id="cite_ref-HarvChemAE_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HarvChemAE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> upoznaje Einsteina sa ključnim znanstvenim i filozofskim tekstovima, uključujući <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kantovu</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Kritika_%C4%8Distog_uma" title="Kritika čistog uma">Kritiku čistog uma</a></i>. Dvojica njegovih ujaka na dalje će <i>"hraniti"</i> ovu njegovu intelektualnu radoznalost, tijekom njegovog kasnijeg djetinjstva i perioda rane adolescencije, nabavljajući mu ili mu preporučavajući za čitanje knjige iz oblasti <a href="/wiki/Nauka" title="Nauka">znanosti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">matematike</a> i <a href="/wiki/Filozofija" title="Filozofija">filozofije</a>. Einstein je pohađao Gimnaziju Luitpold, gdje je stekao relativno napredno i, za to vrijeme, moderno obrazovanje. S učenjem matematike započeo je negdje oko dvanaeste godine (<a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>.), učeći samostalno iz školskih udžbenika <a href="/wiki/Euklid" title="Euklid">Euklidovu</a> geometriju u ravnini, a <a href="/wiki/Infinitezimalni_ra%C4%8Dun" title="Infinitezimalni račun">infinitezimalni račun</a> počeo je izučavati četiri godine kasnije. Einstein je shvatio kolika je moć aksiomatskog, <a href="/wiki/Dedukcija" title="Dedukcija">deduktivnog</a>, razmišljanja proučavajući Euklidove <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementi_(Euklid)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementi (Euklid) (stranica ne postoji)">Elemente</a></i>, koje je on nazivao <i>"svetom geometrijskom knjižicom"</i><sup id="cite_ref-HarvChemAE_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HarvChemAE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Dok je bio u gimnaziji, Einstein se često sukobljavao sa školskim autoritetima i vrijeđao upravu, vjerujući da je duh učenja i kreativnog razmišljanja izgubljen uslijed nastojanja na čistoj memorizaciji gradiva. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Albert_Einstein_as_a_child.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Albert_Einstein_as_a_child.jpg/220px-Albert_Einstein_as_a_child.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Albert_Einstein_as_a_child.jpg/330px-Albert_Einstein_as_a_child.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Albert_Einstein_as_a_child.jpg/440px-Albert_Einstein_as_a_child.jpg 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption>Einstein u dobi od 14 godina, fotografiran malo prije odlaska obitelji Einstein u <a href="/wiki/Italija" title="Italija">Italiju</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Godine 1894., nakon propasti elektrokemijskih poslova njegovog oca Hermanna, Albert se seli iz <a href="/wiki/Minhen" class="mw-redirect" title="Minhen">Münchena</a> u <a href="/wiki/Pavia" title="Pavia">Paviju</a>, talijanski grad blizu <a href="/wiki/Milano" title="Milano">Milana</a>. Einsteinov prvi znanstveni rad, pod nazivom <i>"Istraživanje stanja etera u magnetskom polju"</i>, bio je ujedno tada napisan i za jednog od njegovih ujaka. Albert je ostao u <a href="/wiki/Minhen" class="mw-redirect" title="Minhen">Münchenu</a> želeći završiti školu, ali je završio samo jedan semestar, prije nego što je napustio gimnaziju u proljeće <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>., da bi se pridružio svojoj obitelji u Paviji. On napušta školu godinu i pol dana prije završnih ispita, ne govoreći o tome ništa svojim roditeljima, uvjeravajući školsku upravu da mu dozvole odlazak uz pomoć lijekarskog uvjerenja dobivenog od jednog prijateljski nastrojenog liječnika. Ali to je ujedno značilo i da neće dobiti svjedodžbu o završenoj srednjoj školi. Te godine, u uzrastu od 16 godina, on stvara misaoni eksperiment poznat kao <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Einsteinovo_ogledalo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Einsteinovo ogledalo (stranica ne postoji)">Einsteinovo ogledalo</a></i>. Zureći u ogledalo, on je pokušavao dokučiti što bi se dogodilo sa njegovom slikom u zrcalu ako bi se on počeo kretati brzinom svjetlosti. Njegov zaključak, da je <a href="/wiki/Brzina_svjetlosti" title="Brzina svjetlosti">brzina svjetlosti</a> neovisna o brzini promatrača (brzine njenog izvora), koji je, između ostalog, bio potaknut i ovim razmišljanjem, kasnije će postati jedan od dva postulata specijalne relativnosti. </p><p>Mada je pokazao odličan uspjeh na matematičkom i znanstvenom dijelu prijemnog ispita za upis na Savezni politehnički institut u <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich">Zürichu</a>, današnji <a href="/wiki/ETH_Z%C3%BCrich" title="ETH Zürich">ETH Zürich</a>, njegov neuspjeh u dijelu ispita iz slobodnih vještina osujetio je ove njegove planove. Njegova ga obitelj tada šalje u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arau&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arau (stranica ne postoji)">Arau</a>, u <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vajcarska" class="mw-redirect" title="Švajcarska">Švicarskoj</a>, da završi srednju školu. Tada postaje jasno da on neće biti inženjer elektrotehnike, kao što se njegov otac dotada nadao. Tamo, on sluša povremena predavanja iz <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">Maxwellove</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektromangetski_valovi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektromangetski valovi (stranica ne postoji)">elektromagnetne teorije</a> i konačno prima svoju diplomu u rujnu <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a>. godine. U to vrijeme on stanuje u obitelji profesora Josta Wintelera gdje se zaljubljuje u Sofiju Winteler, kćerku profesora Wintelera. Einsteinova sestra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maja_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maja Einstein (stranica ne postoji)">Maja</a>, koja je vjerojatno bila njemu najbliža osoba u to vrijeme, kasnije će se udati za Wintelerovog sina Paula, a Einsteinov prijatelj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michele_Besso&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michele Besso (stranica ne postoji)">Michele Besso</a> oženit će Wintelerovu drugu kćerku, Annu. Einstein se u listopadu upisuje na Savezni politehnički institut i prelazi u Zürich, dok Sofia odlazi u <a href="/wiki/Olsberg" title="Olsberg">Olsberg</a> gdje je čeka posao učiteljice. Iste godine on obnavlja svoje njemačko državljanstvo. </p><p>U jesen <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a>., Srpkinja <a href="/wiki/Mileva_Mari%C4%87" title="Mileva Marić">Mileva Marić</a> započinje svoje studije medicine u Zürichu, da bi se već poslije prvog semestra prebacila na Savezni politehnički institut gdje, kao jedina žena upisana te godine, studira na istom smjeru kao i Albert. Milevino druženje s Albertom razvit će se u pravu ljubavnu romansu tijekom sljedećih par godina, unatoč negodovanju Albertove majke kojoj je smetalo to što je ona previše stara za njega, što nije Židovka i što ima fizičku manu (jedna noga bila joj je nešto kraća od druge).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Godine <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>., Einstein je stekao diplomu Saveznog politehničkog instituta koja mu je omogućavala da se bavi nastavnim radom. Iste godine on prijavljuje za objavljivanje svoj prvi rad o kapilarnim silama, pod naslovom <i>"Rezultati promatranja kapilarnih pojava"</i> (<i>"Folgerungen aus den Capillaritätserscheinungen"</i>). U ovom svom radu, on pokušava ujediniti različite zakone fizike, dakle čini pokušaj u onome što će bez prekida nastojati tijekom cijelog svog života. Preko svoga prijatelja, inženjera Michelea Bessoa, Einstein će se upoznati sa djelom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Mach&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Mach (stranica ne postoji)">Ernsta Macha</a>, kojeg će kasnije nazivati <i>"najboljom rezonatorskom kutijom Europe"</i> za fizikalne ideje. Tijekom tog vremena, Einstein razmjenjuje i dijeli svoje znanstvene zanimacije sa grupom bliskih prijatelja, uključujući Bessoa i Milenu. Oni tada sami sebe nazivaju <i>"Olimpija Akademijom"</i>. Einstein i Milena dobivaju u to vrijeme izvanbračnu kćerku, Lieserl Einstein, rođenu u siječnju <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a>. Sudbina ovoga djeteta do danas je nepoznata. Neki vjeruju da je ona umrla odmah po rođenju, dok drugi vjeruju da su je roditelji dali na usvajanje. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaposlenje_i_doktorat">Zaposlenje i doktorat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Zaposlenje i doktorat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Zaposlenje i doktorat"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Einstein poslije diplomiranja nije mogao odmah naći nastavničko zaposlenje, ponajviše zato što je kao mladić svojom drskošću očigledno iritirao većinu svojih profesora. Otac prijatelja iz razreda mu je pomogao da se domogne zaposlenja kao pomoćni tehnički ispitivač u Švicarskom patentnom birou<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a>. godine. Tu je Einstein procjenjivao vrijednost patenata raznih pronalazača, koji su se prijavljivali u ovaj biro, kao i mogućnosti primjene tih patenata u tehničkim uređajima, radio je dakle posao koji je ipak zahtijevao poznavanje njegove struke - fizike. Posebno je bio zadužen za ocjenjivanje patenata koji su u nekoj vezi sa elektromagnetnim uređajima.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On je ovdje morao naučiti kako raspoznati suštinu primjene patenta usprkos, ponekad, veoma šturom opisu, a i njegov direktor poučio ga je kako da „samog sebe izrazi korektno“. Dok je ocjenjivao praktičnost njihovog rada on je povremeno i ispravljao greške u njihovim dizajnima. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Mileva_Maric.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mileva_Maric.jpg/210px-Mileva_Maric.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mileva_Maric.jpg/315px-Mileva_Maric.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mileva_Maric.jpg/420px-Mileva_Maric.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Einsteinova prva supruga, srpska matematičarka <a href="/wiki/Mileva_Mari%C4%87" title="Mileva Marić">Mileva Marić</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Einstein je <a href="/wiki/6._1." title="6. 1.">6. siječnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a>. oženio <a href="/wiki/Mileva_Mari%C4%87" title="Mileva Marić">Milevu Marić</a>. Einsteinova ženidba s Marićevom, koja je bila matematičarka, predstavljala je u isto vrijeme i osobno, ali i intelektualno partnerstvo i vezu. Einstein je za Milevu govorio: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41558719">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Ona je stvorenje jednako meni samom i koje je jednako neovisno i jako kao što sam i ja.</p></blockquote> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_W._Clark&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronald W. Clark (stranica ne postoji)">Ronald W. Clark</a>, Einsteinov biograf, tvrdi da distanca koja je postojala u Einsteinovom braku sa Milevom, za njega bila prijeko potrebna, jer da bi upotpunio svoj rad on je morao postići neku vrstu intelektualne izolacije. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abram_Joffe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abram Joffe (stranica ne postoji)">Abram Joffe</a>, sovjetski fizičar koji je poznavao Einsteina, u jednoj osmrtnici piše o njemu <i>“Autor radova iz <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>. bio je... birokrat u Patentnom birou u <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bernu</a>, Einstein-Marić”</i>, i ovo je nedavno bilo uzeto kao dokaz suradničke strane njihove veze. Međutim, prema Albertu A. Martínezu iz Centra za studije Sveučilišta Einstein u <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Bostonu</a>, Joffe je jedino time pripisao autorstvo Einsteinu, jer, kako on misli, bio je to uvriježeni švicarski običaj da se dodaje ženino prezime iza muževljevog imena.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ipak, razmjeri Milevinog utjecaja na Einsteinovo djelo još uvijek su kontroverzno i diskutabilno pitanje. </p><p>Godine <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a>., Einsteinovo zaposlenje u Švicarskom patentnom birou postalo je stalno, mada ga je unapređenje mimoišlo sve dok <i>“se u potpunosti ne usavrši za strojarsku tehnologiju”</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On svoj doktorat stiče pod mentorstvom Alfreda Kleinera na Sveučilištu u <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich">Zürichu</a>, nakon prijavljivanja svoje doktorske teze pod nazivom <i>"Jedno novo određivanje molekularnih dimenzija"</i> (<i>"Eeine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen"</i>) iz <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>. godine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1905._-_&quot;čudesna_godina&quot;_(Anus_Mirabilis)"><span id="1905._-_.22.C4.8Dudesna_godina.22_.28Anus_Mirabilis.29"></span>1905. - "čudesna godina" (<i>Anus Mirabilis</i>)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak 1905. - &quot;čudesna godina&quot; (Anus Mirabilis)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka 1905. - &quot;čudesna godina&quot; (Anus Mirabilis)"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tijekom <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>. godine, u svoje slobodno vrijeme, Einstein je napisao četiri članka koja su poslužila u osnivanju moderne fizike, bez mnogo znanstvene literature na koju bi se mogao pozvati, ili mnogo kolega znanstvenika sa kojima bi o tome mogao prodiskutirati. Većina fizičara se slaže da su tri od ova četiri članaka (oni o <a href="/wiki/Brownovo_gibanje" class="mw-redirect" title="Brownovo gibanje">Brownovom gibanju</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fotoelektri%C4%8Dni_efekt" title="Fotoelektrični efekt">fotoelektričnom efektu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Posebna_teorija_relativnosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Posebna teorija relativnosti">posebnoj relativnosti</a>) zasluživali da budu nagrađeni <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada" title="Nobelova nagrada">Nobelovom nagradom</a>. Ali samo rad o fotoelektričnom efektu bio je spomenut od strane Nobelovog komiteta prilikom dodeljivanja nagrade, jer je u to vreme samo iza njega stajalo mnogo neospornih, eksperimentalnih, dokaza, dok je za druge Einsteinove radove Nobelov komitet izrazio mišljenje da bi oni trebali biti potvrđeni u budućnosti. </p><p>Netko bi mogao smatrati ironičnim što je nagrada dodeljena za fotoelektrični efekt, ne samo zato što je Einstein najviše poznat po <a href="/wiki/Teorija_relativnosti" title="Teorija relativnosti">teoriji relativnosti</a>, nego i zato što je fotoefekt kvantni fenomen, a Einstein je, zbog nečega, kasnije postao razočaran putem kojeg <a href="/wiki/Kvantna_teorija" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvantna teorija">kvantna teorija</a> zauzela u svojem daljnjem razvoju. Einstein je ove znanstvene radove objavio u časopisu <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annalen_der_Physik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Annalen der Physik (stranica ne postoji)">Annalen der Physik</a></i>. Uobičajeno je da se oni danas nazivaju znansvteni radovi<i> Annus Mirabilis</i> (od latinske fraze <i>Annus mirabilis</i> što na latinskom znači <i>“Godina čuda”</i>). Međunarodna unija za čistu i primenjenu fiziku (IUPAP) obilježila je 100. godinu od objavljivanja njegovih opsežnih radova <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>. kao <i>Svjetsku godinu fizike 2005.</i> (<i>World Year of Physics 2005</i>). </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:EinsteinZeemanEhrenfest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/EinsteinZeemanEhrenfest.jpg/350px-EinsteinZeemanEhrenfest.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/EinsteinZeemanEhrenfest.jpg/525px-EinsteinZeemanEhrenfest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/EinsteinZeemanEhrenfest.jpg/700px-EinsteinZeemanEhrenfest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2124" /></a><figcaption>Einstein sa <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Pieterom Zeemanom</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Ehrenfest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Ehrenfest (stranica ne postoji)">Paulom Ehrenfestom</a> u <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdamu</a> oko <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Prvi rad, nazvan <i>"O jednom heurističkom gledanju na proizvodnju i transformaciju svjetlosti</i>" (<i>"Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt"</i>) bio je posebno citiran u priopćenju povodom dodjele Nobelove nagrade. U ovom radu, Einstein proširuje <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planckovu</a> <a href="/wiki/Kvant" title="Kvant">hipotezu</a> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E=h\nu }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mi>&#x03BD;<!-- ν --></mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E=h\nu }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c6c0386dc6d9530519404f95570fcc8548ed2326" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.445ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E=h\nu }"></span>) o diskretnim djelićima energije, na svoju vlastitu hipotezu da se elektromagnetska energija (svjetlost) takođe emitira iz materije ili apsorbira u diskretnim djelićima, <a href="/wiki/Kvant" title="Kvant">kvantima</a>, čiji je iznos <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h\nu }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>h</mi> <mi>&#x03BD;<!-- ν --></mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h\nu }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3cc23768f43b26085f80e1882a94b31d24abd653" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.571ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h\nu }"></span> (gdjе je <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>h</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b26be3e694314bc90c3215047e4a2010c6ee184a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.339ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Planckova_konstanta" title="Planckova konstanta">Planckova konstanta</a>, a <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x03BD;<!-- ν --></mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nu }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c15bbbb971240cf328aba572178f091684585468" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.232ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu }"></span> je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frekvencija_svjetlosti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frekvencija svjetlosti (stranica ne postoji)">frekvencija svjetlosti</a>) predlažući tako novi zakon: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {max} }=h\nu -P\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mi>&#x03BD;<!-- ν --></mi> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mi>P</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {max} }=h\nu -P\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5bdfd3019de0115b3477e075e195ba6f94abe2a1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:15.649ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {max} }=h\nu -P\,}"></span></dd></dl> <p>kao objašnjenje fotoelektričnog efekta, jednako kao i svojstava drugih pojava <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotoluminiscencija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotoluminiscencija (stranica ne postoji)">fotoluminiscencije</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotoionizacija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotoionizacija (stranica ne postoji)">fotoionizacije</a>. U kasnijim radovima, Einstein koristi ovaj zakon da opiše <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltin_efekt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Voltin efekt (stranica ne postoji)">Voltin efekt</a> (<a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>.), nastanak sekundarnih katodnih zraka (<a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>.) i visokofrekventnu granicu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zako%C4%8Dno_zra%C4%8Denje&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zakočno zračenje (stranica ne postoji)">zakočnog zračenja</a> (<a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>.). Ključni Einsteinov doprinos je u njegovom tvrđenju da je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvantizacija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvantizacija (stranica ne postoji)">kvantizacija</a> energije uopće, suštinsko svojstvo svjetlosti, a ne samo, kao što je <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a> vjerovao, neka vrsta ograničenja u interakciji između svjetlosti i materije. Jedan drugi, često previđani, doprinos ovoga rada predstavlja Einsteinova izvanredna procjena (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 6.17}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>6.17</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 6.17}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a7e16fd49bd5e408904824ffc90a0d730a53748d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.134ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 6.17}"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \times }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>&#x00D7;<!-- × --></mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \times }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0ffafff1ad26cbe49045f19a67ce532116a32703" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: 0.019ex; margin-bottom: -0.19ex; width:1.808ex; height:1.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \times }"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 10^{23}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 10^{23}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/48d016cc8b369146c9bdca3ef8551b0c18acd6fc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.201ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 10^{23}}"></span>) <a href="/wiki/Avogadrov_broj" title="Avogadrov broj">Avogadrove konstante</a> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 6.02}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>6.02</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 6.02}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6d0c27f7f32f2f3144f6eac2164daa040a9e3aa6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.134ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 6.02}"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \times }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>&#x00D7;<!-- × --></mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \times }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0ffafff1ad26cbe49045f19a67ce532116a32703" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: 0.019ex; margin-bottom: -0.19ex; width:1.808ex; height:1.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \times }"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 10^{23}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 10^{23}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/48d016cc8b369146c9bdca3ef8551b0c18acd6fc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.201ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 10^{23}}"></span>). Međutim, kako Einstein u ovom radu <i>„nije“</i> predložio da je svjetlost sastavljena od čestica, koncept svjetlosti kao snopa <i>„<a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">fotona</a>“</i> neće ni biti predložen sve do <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>. </p> <div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:331px;"> <table style="background: transparent; border: 0; padding: 0; margin: 0; width:327px;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0;" class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Lorentz_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, nizozemski fizičar i Nobelovac. Lorentz je svojim transformacijama, kao i uvođenjem faktora γ, uvelike doprinio na području teorije relativnosti."><img alt="Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, nizozemski fizičar i Nobelovac. Lorentz je svojim transformacijama, kao i uvođenjem faktora γ, uvelike doprinio na području teorije relativnosti." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Lorentz_2.jpg/160px-Lorentz_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Lorentz_2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="326" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0; width: 2px"> </td> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0;" class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:JH_Poincare.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, nizozemski fizičar i Nobelovac. Lorentz je svojim transformacijama, kao i uvođenjem faktora γ, uvelike doprinio na području teorije relativnosti."><img alt="Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, nizozemski fizičar i Nobelovac. Lorentz je svojim transformacijama, kao i uvođenjem faktora γ, uvelike doprinio na području teorije relativnosti." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/JH_Poincare.jpg/163px-JH_Poincare.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/JH_Poincare.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="311" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0;"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Antoon Lorentz">Hendrik Antoon Lorentz</a>, nizozemski fizičar i Nobelovac. Lorentz je svojim <a href="/wiki/Lorentzove_transformacije" title="Lorentzove transformacije">transformacijama</a>, kao i uvođenjem <a href="/wiki/Lorentzov_faktor" title="Lorentzov faktor">faktora γ</a>, uvelike doprinio na području teorije relativnosti.</div> </td> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0;"> </td> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0;"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Henri Poincaré">Jules Henri Poincaré</a>, slavni francuski matematičar i teoretski fizičar. Iako je najpoznatiji po svojim radovima na matematici i <a href="/wiki/Teorija_kaosa" title="Teorija kaosa">teoriji kaosa</a>, Poincaré je začajan i po tome što je par tjedana prije Einsteina objavio jednadžbe relativnosti. Unatoč različitosti od Einsteinovih, ove jednadžbe su u ono vrijeme bile važa tema povjesničara znanosti.</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>Njegov drugi članak iz 1905., pod nazivom <i>"O kretanju — potrebnom od strane Molekularne kinetičke teorije topline — malih čestica suspendiranih u nepokretnom fluidu"</i> (<i>"Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen"</i>), pokriva njegovu studiju Brownovog gibanja i osigurava emprijske dokaze za postojanje <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoma</a>. Prije pojave ovog članka, atom je bio prihvaćen kao koristan koncept, ali fizičari i kemičari su se vatreno raspravljali jesu li atomi realni entiteti ili nisu. Einsteinovo statističko razmatranje ponašanja atoma dalo je eksperimentatorima način da broje atome gledajući kroz obični mikroskop. <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a>, jedan od vođa anti-atomske škole, kasnije se povjerio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Sommerfeld&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnold Sommerfeld (stranica ne postoji)">Arnoldu Sommerfeldu</a> da se njegova sumnja u atome preobratila u vjerovanje zahvaljujući Einsteinovom potpunom objašnjenju Brownovog gibanja.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Brownovo gibanje bilo je također objašnjeno i od strane <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Bachelier&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Bachelier (stranica ne postoji)">Louisa Bacheliera</a> <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>. godine. </p><p>Einsteinov treći rad iz ove godine, <i>"O elektrodinamici pokretnih tijela"</i> (<i>"Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper"</i>), bio je objavljen u lipnju 1905. Ovaj rad predstavlja uvod u <a href="/wiki/Posebna_teorija_relativnosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Posebna teorija relativnosti">posebnu teoriju relativnosti</a>, kao teoriju <a href="/wiki/Vrijeme_(fizika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrijeme (fizika)">vremena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prostor" title="Prostor">prostora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">mase</a> i <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energije</a>, koja je u suglasnosti sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorija_elektromagnetizma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorija elektromagnetizma (stranica ne postoji)">teorijom elektromagnetizma</a>, ali ne opisuje pojavu gravitacije. Dok je razvijao ovaj svoj članak, Einstein je o njemu pisao <a href="/wiki/Mileva_Mari%C4%87" title="Mileva Marić">Milevi</a> kao o <i>„našem radu o relativnom kretanju“</i>, i ovo je navelo neke da pretpostave da je i Mileva imala svoju ulogu u stvaranju ovog čuvenog znanstvenog rada. </p><p>Nekolicina povjesničara znanosti vjeruje da su i Einstein i njegova žena oboje bili upoznati s time da je čuveni francuski matematičar i fizičar <a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Henri Poincaré">Henri Poincaré</a> bio već objavio relativističke jednadžbe, par tjedana prije nego što je Einstein prijavio svoj rad za objavljivanje. Ali, mnogi vjeruju da je njihov rad neovisan i da se razlikuje od Poincaréovog rada u mnogo prelomnih trenutaka, naime, u pogledu „<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eter_(fizika)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eter (fizika) (stranica ne postoji)">Etera</a>“, Einstein negira postojanje etera, dok ga Poincaré smatra suvišnim. Slično tome, još uvijek je diskutabilno je li je on znao za rad <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Antoon Lorentz">Hendrika Antoona Lorentza</a> iz <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>., koji sadrži u sebi veći dio jednadžbi ove teorije i na koga se Poincaré poziva u svom radu. Većina povjesničara, međutim, vjeruje da se ajnštajnovska relativnost razlikuje na mnogo ključnih načina od drugih teorija relativnosti koje su kružile u to vrijeme, i da mnoga pitanja u vezi sa prioritetom ovog otkrića izrastaju iz obmanjive slike Einsteina kao genija koji je radio u potpunoj izolaciji.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mada je sigurno da je Einstein diskutirao o fizici sa Milevom, ne postoje solidni dokazi o tome da je ona učinila neki značajan doprinos njegovom radu. </p><p>U četvrtom radu, <i>"Ovisi li inercija tijela o njegovom energetskom sadržaju?"</i> (<i>"Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?"</i>), objavljenom krajem <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>., on pokazuje da je iz relativističkih <a href="/wiki/Aksiom" title="Aksiom">aksioma</a> moguće izvesti čuvenu jednakost koja izražava <a href="/wiki/Ekvivalencija_mase_i_energije" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekvivalencija mase i energije">ekvivalenciju između mase i energije</a>. Energetski ekvivalent (E) nekog iznosa mase (m) jednak je masi pomnoženoj sa kvadratom brzine svetlosti (c): </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E=mc^{2}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E=mc^{2}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a22aba8c4231afd4e22ed2359575f14c6a407520" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:9.363ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E=mc^{2}\,}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Međutim, Poincaré je bio prvi koji je objavio ovu “energetsku jednakost” <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>. godine, u neznatno drugačijoj formi, naime kao: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m=E/c^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>m</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m=E/c^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ff7c2836e897fbb1910d000ae39ac926d34f6494" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.138ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m=E/c^{2}}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Srednje_godine">Srednje godine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Srednje godine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Srednje godine"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Godine <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>., Einstein je promoviran u zvanje tehničkog ispitivača druge klase. Godine <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>., dobio je licencu za rad u <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bernu</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vajcarska" class="mw-redirect" title="Švajcarska">Švicarska</a>, kao <i>Privatdozent</i> (neplaćeni nastavnik na sveučilištu). Tijekom tog vremena, Einstein opisuje zašto je <a href="/wiki/Nebo" title="Nebo">nebo</a> plavo u svome radu o pojavi kritične <a href="/w/index.php?title=Opalescencija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Opalescencija (stranica ne postoji)">opalescencije</a>, koji pokazuje kumulativne efekte rasipanja <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" class="mw-redirect" title="Svjetlost">svjetlosti</a> na pojedinačnim molekulama u atomosferi.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Godine <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>., Einstein postaje najprije vanredni profesor na Sveučilištu u <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich">Zürichu</a>, a ubrzo poslije toga i redovni profesor na njemačkoj govorničkoj sekciji Karlovog sveučilišta u <a href="/wiki/Prag" title="Prag">Pragu</a>. Dok je bio u Pragu, Einstein objavljuje rad u kojem poziva astronome da provjere dva predviđanja njegove <a href="/wiki/Op%C4%87a_teorija_relativnosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Opća teorija relativnosti">opće teorije relativnosti</a> koja je još u razvoju, a radi se o savijanju svijetlosti u gravitaciijskom polju, mjerljivom za vrijeme pomrčine Sunca, i o gravitaciijskom crvenom pomaku sunčevih spektralnih linija u odnosu na odgovarajuće spektralne linije proizvedene na površini Zemlje. Mladi njemački astronom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Freundlich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Erwin Freundlich (stranica ne postoji)">Erwin Freundlich</a>, započinje suradnju sa Einsteinom i obavještava druge astronome širom svijeta u vezi o ovim Einsteinovim astronomskim provjerama.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p> Godine <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>., Einstein se vraća u Zürich u namjeri da postane redovni profesor na <a href="/wiki/ETH_Z%C3%BCrich" title="ETH Zürich">ETH Zürich</a>. U to vrijeme, on tijesno surađuje sa matematičarom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcel_Grossmann&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcel Grossmann (stranica ne postoji)">Marcelom Grossmannom</a>, koji ga upoznaje sa <a href="/wiki/Georg_Friedrich_Bernhard_Riemann" class="mw-redirect" title="Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann">Riemannnovom geometrijom</a>. Godine <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>., Einstein počinje vrijeme nazivati četvrtom dimenzijom (ma da je <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H.G. Wells</a> uradio to isto ranije, u svome djelu <i>“Vremenplov”</i> iz <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>. godine) Godine <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a>., odmah pred početak <a href="/wiki/Prvi_svjetski_rat" title="Prvi svjetski rat">Prvog svjetskog rata</a>, Einstein se nastanjuje u <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlinu</a> kao profesor na lokalnom sveučilištu i postaje član Pruske akademije znanosti. Tada uzima i prusko (njemačko) državljanstvo. Od <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a>. do <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>., obavlja funkciju direktora Instituta za fiziku <i>Kaiser Wilhelm</i> u Berlinu. </p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Yerkes_Observatory_Astro4p7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Yerkes_Observatory_Astro4p7.jpg/300px-Yerkes_Observatory_Astro4p7.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Yerkes_Observatory_Astro4p7.jpg/450px-Yerkes_Observatory_Astro4p7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Yerkes_Observatory_Astro4p7.jpg/600px-Yerkes_Observatory_Astro4p7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2021" data-file-height="1248" /></a><figcaption>Einstein sa timom observatorija Yerkes u <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsinu</a> <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a>.</figcaption></figure><p> Također zadržava mjesto vanrednog profesora na Sveučilištu u <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leidenu</a> od <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>. do <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>., gdje redovno održava gostujuća predavanja. Godine <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>., Einstein objavljuje rad <i>"O Kvantnoj mehanici zračenja"</i> (<i>"Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung"</i>, <i>Physkalische Zeitschrift</i> 18, str. 121–128). Ovim člankom uvodi se koncept stimulirane emisije, fizičkog principa koji omogućava pojačavanje svjetlosti u <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laseru</a>. Također, iste godine, objavljuje i rad u kojem koristi opću teoriju relativnosti da bi izgradio model cijelog svemira, pripremajući tako pozornicu za nastupanje moderne fizikalne <a href="/wiki/Kosmologija" title="Kosmologija">kozmologije</a>. U tom radu on uvodi i poznatu <a href="/wiki/Kozmolo%C5%A1ka_konstanta" title="Kozmološka konstanta">kozmološku konstantu</a>, koju je kasnije, u jednom razgovoru nazvao <i>“najvećom pogreškom u njegovom životu”</i> (<i>“the biggest blunder of his life”</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Opća_relativnost"><span id="Op.C4.87a_relativnost"></span>Opća relativnost</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Opća relativnost" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Opća relativnost"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Op%C4%87a_teorija_relativnosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Opća teorija relativnosti">Opća teorija relativnosti</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>U studenom <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>., Einstein je održao niz predavanja pred Pruskom akademijom znanosti na kojima je predstavio novu teoriju gravitacije, poznatu kao <a href="/wiki/Op%C4%87a_teorija_relativnosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Opća teorija relativnosti">opća teorija relativnosti</a>. Posljednje predavanje završava se njegovim uvođenjem jednadžbi koje zamjenjuju <a href="/wiki/Newtonov_zakon_gravitacije" title="Newtonov zakon gravitacije">Newtonov zakon gravitacije</a> i nazivaju se <a href="/wiki/Einsteinove_jednad%C5%BEbe_polja" title="Einsteinove jednadžbe polja">Einsteinove jednadžbe polja</a>. <a href="/wiki/David_Hilbert" title="David Hilbert">David Hilbert</a> je, zapravo, objavio jednadžbe polja u članku koji je datiran pet dana prije Einsteinovih predavanja. Ali prema Thorneu (117 - 118), Hilbert je otkrio ispravne jednadžbe tek poslije <i>“premišljanja nad stvarima koje je naučio”</i> tijekom nedavnog Einsteinovog posjeta <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingenu</a>. Thorn ide i dalje pa kaže: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Sasvim prirodno, i u skladu sa Hilbertovim viđenjem stvari, rezultujući zakoni zakrivljenosti hitro su nazvani imenom "Einsteinove jednadžbe polja", radije nego da budu nazvane po Hilbertu. U stvari, da nije bilo Einsteina, opće relativistički zakoni gravitacije možda bi bili otkriveni tek nekoliko desetljeća kasnije.</p></blockquote> <p>Ova teorija sve promatrače smatra ekvivalentnim, a ne samo one koji se kreću ravnomjerno, odnosno stalnom brzinom. U općoj relativnosti gravitacija nije više sila (kao što je to kod <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newtona</a>) nego je posljedica zakrivljenosti <a href="/wiki/Prostor-vreme" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostor-vreme">prostor-vremena</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:1919_eclipse_negative.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/1919_eclipse_negative.jpg/200px-1919_eclipse_negative.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/1919_eclipse_negative.jpg/300px-1919_eclipse_negative.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/1919_eclipse_negative.jpg/400px-1919_eclipse_negative.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="899" /></a><figcaption>Pomrčina sunca <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a>. godine.</figcaption></figure> <p>Einsteinovi objavljeni radovi iz opće relativnosti za vrijeme rata nisu bili dostupni nigdje izvan Njemačke. Vijesti o Einsteinovoj novoj teoriji stigle su do astronoma sa engleskog govornog područja u Engleskoj i Americi preko nizozemskih fizičara <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Antoon Lorentz">Hendrika Antoona Lorentza</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Ehrenfest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Ehrenfest (stranica ne postoji)">Paula Ehrenfesta</a> kao i njihovog kolege <a href="/w/index.php?title=Willem_de_Sitter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Willem de Sitter (stranica ne postoji)">Willema de Sittera</a>, ravnatelja Leidenskog sveučilišta. Englez <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Stanley_Eddington" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Stanley Eddington">Arthur Stanley Eddington</a>, koji je bio tajnik Kraljevskog astronomskog društva, zatražio je od de Sittera da u korist njegovih astronoma napiše seriju članaka na engleskom. On je bio fasciniran novom teorijom i postao je vodeći pobornik i popularizator teorije relativnosti.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Većini astronoma nije se sviđala Einsteinova geometrizacija gravitacije i smatrali su da njegova predviđanja pojava savijanja svjetlosti i gravitacijskog crvenog pomaka ne mogu biti točna. Godine <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>., astronomi observatorija Mt. Wilson u južnoj <a href="/wiki/Kalifornija" title="Kalifornija">Kaliforniji</a> objavili su rezultate <a href="/wiki/Spektroskopija" title="Spektroskopija">spektroskopskih analiza</a> <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">sunčevog spektra</a> koje su, činilo se, ukazivale na to da nema nikakvog gravitacijskog crvenog pomaka u sunčevoj svjetlosti.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Godine <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>., astronomi observatorija Lick u sjevernoj Kaliforniji načinili su fotografije pomrčine sunca vidljive u <a href="/wiki/Sjedinjene_Ameri%C4%8Dke_Dr%C5%BEave" title="Sjedinjene Američke Države">Sjedinjenim Državama</a>. Nakon završetka rata, oni su proglasili svoje nalaze tvrdeći da su Einsteinova opće-relativistička predviđanja o savijanju svjetlosti pogrešna, ali nisu nikada objavili njihove rezultate, pravdajući to mogućim velikim greškama pri mjerenju.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>U svibnju <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a>., tijekom britanskih promatranja pomrčina Sunca napravljenih u <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazilu</a> kao i na otoku <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Príncipe">Príncipe</a>, na zapadnoj obali Afrike, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Stanley_Eddington" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Stanley Eddington">Arthur Stanley Eddington</a> je nadgledao mjerenje savijanja svjetlosti zvijezda prilikom njenog prolaska u blizini Sunca, što rezultira u prividnom pomicanju položaja promatranih zvijezda dalje od Sunca. Ovaj je fenomen nazvan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Efekt_gravitacijske_le%C4%87e&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Efekt gravitacijske leće (stranica ne postoji)">efekt gravitacijske leće</a> i u ovom je slučaju opaženo pomicanje položaja zvijezda bilo dvostruko veće nego što je bilo predviđeno <a href="/wiki/Klasi%C4%8Dna_mehanika" title="Klasična mehanika">klasičnom mehanikom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ova opažanja slagala su se sa predviđanjima proisteklim iz Einsteinovih jednadžbi polja iz opće teorije relativnosti. Eddington je objavio da rezultati potvrđuju Einsteinovo predviđanje i časopis <i>The Times</i> izvjestio je o ovoj potvrdi Einsteinove teorije <a href="/wiki/7._11." title="7. 11.">7. studenog</a> iste godine, pod naslovom <i>"Revolucija u znanosti – Nova teorija svemira – Njutnovske ideje su odbačene"</i>. Nobelovac <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a> je izrazio svoje poglede o općoj relativnosti rekavši da je ona <i>"najveći podvig ljudskog razmišljanja o prirodi"</i>; njegov kolega Nobelovac <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> nazvao je to <i>"vjerojatno najvećim znanstvenim otkrićem ikada učinjenim"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ovi komentari i rezultujući publicitet zacementirali su Einsteinovu slavu. On je postao svjetski slavan, što je i danas neuobičajeno dostignuće za jednog znanstvenika. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Albert_Einstein_(Nobel).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Albert_Einstein_%28Nobel%29.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="396" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>Službeni portret Alberta Einsteina iz <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a>. povodom dodjele Nobelove nagrade.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mnogi znanstvenici još uvijek nisu uvjereni u sve to zbog raznoraznih razloga, počevši od onih znanstvenih (neslaganje sa Einsteinovim tumačenjem eksperimenata, vjerovanje u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eter_(fizika)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eter (fizika) (stranica ne postoji)">Eter</a> ili u to da je apsolutni sustav referencije neophodan) pa sve do psiho-socijalnih (<a href="/wiki/Konzervativizam" title="Konzervativizam">konzervativizam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antisemitizam" title="Antisemitizam">antisemitizam</a>). Prema Einsteinovom gledištu, većina primedbi dolazila je od praktičara koji su imali vrlo malo razumijevanja teorije koja je u to uključena.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Einsteinova popularnost u javnosti, koja je nastupila poslije članka iz <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a>., stvorila je ozlojađenost kod tih znanstvenika, a kod nekih se ova ozlojađenost zadržala i tijekom <a href="/wiki/1930-e" title="1930-e">1930-ih</a> godina.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dana <a href="/wiki/30._3." title="30. 3.">30. ožujka</a> <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a>., Einstein odlazi u <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a> da održi predavanja o svojoj novoj teoriji relativnosti, a iste godine on će biti nagrađen i <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">Nobelovom nagradom za fiziku</a>. Mada je on tada, ali i sada, najslavniji po svome radu na relativnosti, Nobelova nagrada mu je dodeljena za raniji rad kojim je objasnio <a href="/wiki/Fotoelektri%C4%8Dni_efekt" title="Fotoelektrični efekt">fotoelektrični efekt</a> (kojeg je već prije uočio <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinrich Hertz">Heinrich Hertz</a>), jer je njegova opća relativnost još uvijek bila predmet debate. Nobelov komitet je, dakle, donio odluku da navodeći njegov najmanje osporavani rad prilikom dodijele nagrade, učine to prihvatljivijim za znanstvenu zajednicu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kopenhagensko_tumačenje"><span id="Kopenhagensko_tuma.C4.8Denje"></span>Kopenhagensko tumačenje</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Kopenhagensko tumačenje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kopenhagensko tumačenje"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Niels_Bohr_Albert_Einstein_by_Ehrenfest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Niels_Bohr_Albert_Einstein_by_Ehrenfest.jpg/200px-Niels_Bohr_Albert_Einstein_by_Ehrenfest.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Niels_Bohr_Albert_Einstein_by_Ehrenfest.jpg/300px-Niels_Bohr_Albert_Einstein_by_Ehrenfest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Niels_Bohr_Albert_Einstein_by_Ehrenfest.jpg/400px-Niels_Bohr_Albert_Einstein_by_Ehrenfest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1467" data-file-height="2123" /></a><figcaption>Einstein i <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a>. Fotografirao ih je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Ehrenfest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Ehrenfest (stranica ne postoji)">Paul Ehrenfest</a> za vrijeme njihove posjete <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leidenu</a> u prosincu <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a>. Einstein i Borh su vodili nekoliko <a href="/wiki/Gnoseologija" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnoseologija">epistemoloških</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohr-Einsteinove_debate&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bohr-Einsteinove debate (stranica ne postoji)">rasprava</a> oko Einsteinovog negiranja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopenhagensko_tuma%C4%8Denje&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kopenhagensko tumačenje (stranica ne postoji)">Kopenhagenskog tumačenja</a> kvantne mehanike.</figcaption></figure> <p>Godine <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>., Einstein predstavlja svoj rad <i>“Razvoj naših pogleda na sastav i suštinu zračenja”</i> (njem. <i>Über die Entwicklung unserer Anschauungen über das Wesen und die Konstitution der Strahlung;</i> eng. <i>The Development of Our Views on the Composition and Essence of Radiation</i>) u kojem sumira dotadašnja gledišta fizičara na koncept luminoferusnog (propusnog za svjetlost) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eter_(fizika)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eter (fizika) (stranica ne postoji)">Etera</a> i, što je još važnije, u kojem razmatra o pojavi kvantizacije svjetlosti. U ovome, kao i u ranijem članku iz <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>. godine, Einstein pokazuje da kvanti energije, koje je u fiziku uveo <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a>, također posjeduju i dobro definiran impuls i da se u mnogim pogledima ponašaju kao da su neovisne točkaste čestice. Ovaj članak obilježava uvođenje modernog „fotonskog“ koncepta (mada je termin kao takav uveden znatno kasnije, u radu <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Newton_Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilbert Newton Lewis">Gilberta Newtona Lewisa</a> iz <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a>. godine ). Možda je još značajnije to što Einstein pokazuje da svjetlost može istovremeno biti i val i čestica, i točno predviđa da fizika stoji na ivici revolucije koja će zahtjevati od nje da ujedini ove dva dualna svojstva svjetlosti. Međutim, njegov prijedlog da <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">Maxwellove</a> <a href="/wiki/Maxwellove_jednad%C5%BEbe" title="Maxwellove jednadžbe">jednadžbe elektromagnetnog polja</a> treba izmijeniti tako da one dozvole u graničnim slučajevima i singularitete polja, nikada nije dalje razvijan, mada je mogao imati utjecaja na <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">de Broglieovu</a> valno-čestičnu pilot hipotezu <a href="/wiki/Kvantna_mehanika" title="Kvantna mehanika">kvantne mehanike</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Determinizam">Determinizam</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Uredi odjeljak Determinizam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Determinizam"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Početkom <a href="/wiki/1920-e" title="1920-e">1920-ih</a>, kako je originalna <a href="/wiki/Kvantna_teorija" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvantna teorija">kvantna teorija</a> sve više zamjenjivana s novom teorijom kvantne mehanike, Einstein je glasno počeo kritizirati <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopenhagensko_tuma%C4%8Denje&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kopenhagensko tumačenje (stranica ne postoji)">Kopenhagensko tumačenje</a> novih jednadžbi. Njegov opozicijski stav po ovom pitanju zadržat će cijeli svoj život. Većina razloge ovog njegovog protivljenja vidi u tome što je on bio snažni <a href="/wiki/Determinizam" title="Determinizam">determinist</a>. Pri tome, oni se pozivaju na pismo upućeno <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Maxu Bornu</a> <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a>. u kojem Einstein navodi primjedbu koju povjesničari najviše pamte: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Kvantna mehanika je zaista impozantna. Ali neki unutrašnji glas mi govori da to još nije prava stvar. Ova teorija kaže nam mnogo toga, ali nas zaista ne dovodi nimalo bliže tajni Onog Starog. Ja sam, po svaku cijenu, uvjeren da se On ne igra s kockicama.</p></blockquote> <p>Na ovo je <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a>, koji se najviše sporio sa Einsteinom oko kvantne teorije, odgovorio: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Prestani govoriti Bogu što da radi!</p></blockquote> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohr-Einsteinove_debate&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bohr-Einsteinove debate (stranica ne postoji)">Bohr-Einsteinova debata o fundamentalnim aspektima kvantne mehanike</a> dogodila se tijekom jedne Solvayjske konferencije. Još jedan važan dio Einsteinove točke gledišta na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Probabilizam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Probabilizam (stranica ne postoji)">probabilizam</a> kvantne mehanike predstavlja čuveni EPR članak<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> koji je on napisao zajedno sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boris_Podolsky&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Boris Podolsky (stranica ne postoji)">Borisom Podolskym</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathan_Rosen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathan Rosen (stranica ne postoji)">Nathanom Rosenom</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Einstein-Podolsky-Rosenov_paradoks&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Einstein-Podolsky-Rosenov paradoks (stranica ne postoji)">Einstein-Podolsky-Rosenov paradoks</a>). Neki fizičari ovaj rad smatraju kao dodatni dokaz tvrđenja da je Einstein bio u determinist. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Pauli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Pauli.jpg/220px-Pauli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Pauli.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a>, austrijski fizičar, Einsteinov prijatelj i jedan od vodećih fizičara XX. stoljeća. Godine <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>. dobio je <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">Nobelovu nagradu za fiziku</a>. Pauli je najznačajniji po svom <a href="/wiki/Paulijev_princip_isklju%C4%8Denja" title="Paulijev princip isključenja">principu isključenja</a> u kojem isključuje mogućnost da dva elektrona imaju isto <a href="/wiki/Kvantno_stanje" title="Kvantno stanje">kvantno stanje</a> u isto vrijeme.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ima mjesta i za sasvim drugačije gledanje na ove Einsteinove primjedbe upućene “kvantnim pravovjercima”. Jer Einstein je, osim ove prethodno navedene izjave, davao i neke druge, tako da je Einsteinov suvremenik <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a>, našao za njega po ovome pitanju i riječi razumijevanja. Prethodno citirana izjava <i>“Bog se ne igra s kockicama”</i> dana je prilično rano, a Einsteinove kasnije izjave tiču se nekih drugih tema. Paulijev citat po ovom pitanju je sljedeći:<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Ja nisam u stanju prepoznati Einsteina kada god vi govorite o njemu, bilo u vašem pismu ili u manuskriptu. Čini mi se kao da ste vi sami za sebe napravili i podigli neku lutku Einsteina, koju zatim oborite na pod s velikom pompom. Posebno zato što Einstein nije smatrao koncept determinizma toliko fundamentalnim kao što je često držano da je (ovo mi je on rekao nedvosmisleno mnogo puta). (…) On odbija da je ikada koristio, kao kriterij prihvatljivosti neke teorije, pitanje "Je li ona rigorozno deterministička?" (…) on nije uopće ljut na vas, nego samo kaže da ste vi osoba koja neće slušati.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Nepotpunost_i_realizam">Nepotpunost i realizam</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Uredi odjeljak Nepotpunost i realizam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Nepotpunost i realizam"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mnogi Einsteinovi komentari ukazuju na njegovo vjerovanje da je <a href="/wiki/Kvantna_mehanika" title="Kvantna mehanika">kvantna mehanika</a> <i>nepotpuna</i> teorija. Ovo tvrđenje je prvi put izneseno u čuvenom Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen članku (<a href="/wiki/EPR_paradoks" title="EPR paradoks">EPR paradoks</a>), iz <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>. godine<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, a ponovo se pojavljuje i <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a>. godine u knjizi <i>Albert Einstein, Filozof-znanstvenik</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> EPR članak — naslovljen sa "<i>Može li se kvantno mehanički opis fizikalne stvarnosti smatrati potpunim?</i>" — završava se zaključkom: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Budući da smo tako pokazali da <a href="/wiki/Valna_funkcija" title="Valna funkcija">valna funkcija</a> ne osigurava potpuni opis fizikalne stvarnosti, otvara se pitanje je li takav opis uopće i postoji ili ne. Mi vjerujemo, međutim, da je takva jedna teorija ipak moguća.</p></blockquote> <p>U Schilppovoj knjizi, Einstein postavlja fascinantan eksperimentalni prijedlog u nečemu sličan sa <i><a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dingerova_ma%C4%8Dka" title="Schrödingerova mačka">Schrödingerovom mačkom</a></i>. U uvodu on podsjeća na problem (radioaktivnog raspada) atoma. Ako imamo na početku jedan neraspadnuti atom i ako čekamo određeni period vremena, kvantna mehanika daje nam vjerojatnost s kojom će ovaj atom u danom vremenu podleći transformaciji putem radioaktivnog raspada.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Einstein zatim zamišlja sljedeći sustav kao sredstvo za detekciju raspada: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Umjesto da razmatramo sustav koji sadrži samo radioaktivni atom (i njegov proces transformacije), bolje je razmatrati sistem koji uključuje u sebe također i sredstvo za konstataciju radioaktivne transformacije – na primjer <a href="/wiki/Geigerov_broja%C4%8D" title="Geigerov brojač">Geigerov brojač</a> s mehanizmom za automatsko registriranje. Neka ovo uključuje i registarsku traku, koju pokreće satni mehanizam, po kojoj će oznake biti ispisivane okidanjem brojača. Istina, sa točke gledišta kvantne mehanike, ovaj je sustav u cjelini veoma složen i prostor koji zauzima njegova konfiguracija je veoma velikih dimenzija. Ali u principu nema zamjerki na tretiranje cijelog ovog sustava s točke gledišta kvantne mehanike. Ovdje također, teorija određuje vjerojatnost za svaku konfiguraciju, za sve koordinate i za svaki vremenski trenutak. Ako bi se uzele u obzir sve konfiguracije koordinata, za vrijeme dovoljno veliko u usporedbi s prosječnim vremenom raspada jednog radioaktivnog atoma, trebala bi biti (najviše) jedna takva registarska oznaka na papirnoj traci. Za svaku konfiguraciju koordinata treba odgovarati određena pozicija oznake na papirnoj traci. Ali, ukoliko teorija donosi samo relativnu vjerojatnost zamislivih koordinatnih konfiguracija, to također nudi samo relativne vjerojatnosti za položaje oznaka na papirnoj traci, ali ne i točno određene položaje ovih oznaka.</p></blockquote> <p>Einstein dalje nastavlja: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>…Ako se mi pokušamo pozabaviti tumačenjem da kvantni teoretski opis treba biti shvaćen kao potpuni opis nekog pojedinačnog ssustava, tada smo prisiljeni na tumačenje da položaj oznake na traci nije nešto što pripada sustavu po sebi, nego da je postojanje tog položaja suštinski ovisno o izvršenju opažanja načinjenog na registracijskoj traci. Ovakvo tumačenje u stvari nije ni na koji način apsurdno sa čisto logičke točke gledišta, ali teško da postoji bilo tko, tko bi bio sklon ovo uzeti ozbiljno u razmatranje. Zato što u makroskopskom svijetu jednostavno se podrazumijeva da se moramo držati programa realističkog opisa u prostoru i vremenu, dok u oblasti mikroskopskih pojava, skloni smo odustati od ovog programa, ili da ga, u najmanju ruku, izmjeniti.</p></blockquote> <p>Einstein nikadau potpunosti nije odbacio probabilističke tehnike i način mišljenja. On se osobno iskazao kao veliki "statističar".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> koristeći statističku analizu u njegovom radu o <a href="/wiki/Brownovo_gibanje" class="mw-redirect" title="Brownovo gibanje">Brownovom gibanje</a> i <a href="/wiki/Fotoelektricitet" class="mw-redirect" title="Fotoelektricitet">fotoelektricitetu</a>, a u radovima objavljenim prije <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>. Einstein je čak otkrio i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josiah_Willard_Gibbs&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Josiah Willard Gibbs (stranica ne postoji)">Gibbsove</a> ansamble. Prema mišljenju većine fizičara, međutim, on je vjerovao da se na indeterminizmu mogu zasnivati razlozi za ozbiljne primjedbe na račun fizikalne teorije. Paulijevo svjedočenje, kao što smo vidjeli, u suprotnosti je sa ovim, a Einsteinove osobne izjave pokazuju da se on fokusirao na nepotpunost, kao njegovu glavnu brigu. </p><p>U nešto kasnijim vremenima došlo je do novog zaokreta u ovom poslu. <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Stewart_Bell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Stewart Bell (stranica ne postoji)">John Stewart Bell</a> otkrio je dalje zanimljive rezultate (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellov_teorem&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bellov teorem (stranica ne postoji)">Bellov teorem</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellova_nejednakost&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bellova nejednakost (stranica ne postoji)">Bellova nejednakost</a>) prilikom njegovog istraživanja Einstein-Podolsky-Rosenovog članka. Postoji razilaženje u mišljenjima u odnosu na zaključke koji su iz ovoga izvodljivi, u vezi sa EPR analizom. Prema Bellu, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvantna_nelokalnost&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvantna nelokalnost (stranica ne postoji)">kvantna nelokalnost</a> time je ustanovljena, dok drugi u tome vide smrt determinizma. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Pregled">Pregled</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Uredi odjeljak Pregled" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Pregled"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Što god da su bila njegova unutrašnja uvjerenja, Einstein se slagao da je <a href="/wiki/Kvantna_teorija" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvantna teorija">kvantna teorija</a> najbolja koja je trenutno na raspolaganju, ali on je tragao za „potpunijim“ objašnjenjem, bilo da je ono više <a href="/wiki/Determinizam" title="Determinizam">determinističko</a> ili da je ono koje može fundamentalnijie objasniti razloge za probabilizme <a href="/wiki/Kvantna_mehanika" title="Kvantna mehanika">kvantne mehanike</a> na jedan logičan način. On se nije mogao odreći vjerovanja da fizika opisuje zakone kojima se podčinjavaju „realne stvari“, niti se mogao odreći vjerovanja da ne postoji takvo objašnjenje koje bi u sebi sadržavalo kontradikcije, što ga je, između ostalog, dovelo do njegovih uspješnih objašnjenja <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">fotona</a>, relativnosti, atoma i gravitacije. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bose-Einsteinova_statistika">Bose-Einsteinova statistika</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Uredi odjeljak Bose-Einsteinova statistika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Bose-Einsteinova statistika"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bose-Einstein_statistika&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bose-Einstein statistika (stranica ne postoji)">Bose-Einstein statistika</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:SatyenBose1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/SatyenBose1925.jpg/200px-SatyenBose1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/SatyenBose1925.jpg/300px-SatyenBose1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/SatyenBose1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption>Indijski fizičar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satyendra_Nath_Bose&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Satyendra Nath Bose (stranica ne postoji)">Satyendra Nath Bose</a> koji je pomogao Einsteinu u njegovom radu razvitkom <a href="/wiki/Bose-Einsteinova_statistika" title="Bose-Einsteinova statistika">Bose-Einsteinove statistike</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bose-Einsteinov_kondenzat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bose-Einsteinov kondenzat (stranica ne postoji)">kondenzata</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Godine <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a>., Einstein je primio kratko pismo od mladog indijskog fizičara po imenu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satyendra_Nath_Bose&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Satyendra Nath Bose (stranica ne postoji)">Satyendra Nath Bose</a> u kojem on opisuje svjetlost kao plin fotona i moli Einsteina za pomoć oko objavljivanja. Einstein shvaća da ista ta statistika može biti primijenjena i na atome i objavljuje članak na njemačkom jeziku (u to vrijeme <i>lingua franca</i> fizike) u kojem opisuje Boseov model i objašnjava njegove posljedice. <a href="/wiki/Bose-Einsteinova_statistika" title="Bose-Einsteinova statistika">Bose-Einsteinova statistika</a> sada opisuje skupove takvih, identičnih čestica, cjelobrojnog <a href="/wiki/Spin" title="Spin">spina</a>, poznatih kao <a href="/wiki/Bozon" title="Bozon">bozoni</a>. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bose-Einsteinov_kondenzat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bose-Einsteinov kondenzat (stranica ne postoji)">Bose-Einsteinov kondenzat</a> je fenomen otkriven <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>., od strane Bosea i Einsteina, zasnovan na Boseovom radu o <a href="/wiki/Statisti%C4%8Dka_mehanika" title="Statistička mehanika">statističkoj mehanici</a> <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">fotona</a>, koji je potom bio formaliziran i generaliziran od strane Einsteina. Prvi takav kondenzat u alkalnim plinovima proizveli su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Cornell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Cornell (stranica ne postoji)">Eric Cornell</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Wieman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Wieman (stranica ne postoji)">Carl Wieman</a> <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>. godine na Sveučilištu <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, mada je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bose-Einsteinova_kondenzacija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bose-Einsteinova kondenzacija (stranica ne postoji)">Bose-Einsteinova kondenzacija</a> bila opažana u superfluidnom <a href="/wiki/Helij" title="Helij">heliju</a>-4 još od <a href="/wiki/1930-e" title="1930-e">1930-ih</a>. Einsteinove originalne skice ove teorije bile su ponovo otkrivene u kolovozu <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>. u biblioteci Sveučilišta u <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leidenu</a>. </p><p>Einstein je također pripomogao <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwinu Schrödingeru</a> u razvoju kvantne <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Boltzmann" title="Ludwig Boltzmann">Boltzmannove</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boltzmannova_distribucija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Boltzmannova distribucija (stranica ne postoji)">distribucije</a>, mješavine klasičnog i kvantno-mehaničkog plinskog modela, ali je odbio Schrödingerovu pozivnicu da njegovo ime bude uključeno u ovaj rad jer je shvatio da će to biti manje značajno od Bose-Einsteinovog modela. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Einsteinov_hladnjak">Einsteinov hladnjak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Uredi odjeljak Einsteinov hladnjak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Einsteinov hladnjak"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Einstein_Refrigerator.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Einstein_Refrigerator.png/222px-Einstein_Refrigerator.png" decoding="async" width="222" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Einstein_Refrigerator.png/333px-Einstein_Refrigerator.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Einstein_Refrigerator.png 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="668" /></a><figcaption>Patentni dijagram za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Einsteinov_hladnjak&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Einsteinov hladnjak (stranica ne postoji)">Einsteinov hladnjak</a> kojeg su zajedno patentirali Einstein i <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3_Szil%C3%A1rd" title="Leó Szilárd">Leó Szilárd</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Godine <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a>., Einstein i njegov bivši učenik <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3_Szil%C3%A1rd" title="Leó Szilárd">Leó Szilárd</a> zajednički su patentirali <a href="/w/index.php?title=Einsteinov_hladnjak&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Einsteinov hladnjak (stranica ne postoji)">Einsteinov hladnjak</a>. Američki patentni biro je nagradio Einsteina i Szilárda za ovaj hladnjak <a href="/wiki/11._11." title="11. 11.">11. studenog</a> <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>. Patent pokriva termodinamičke cikluse rashlađivanja, koji omogućavaju hlađenje bez pokretnih dijelova, na konstantnom tlaku, s toplotom kao jedinim ulazom. Rashladni ciklusi koriste amonijak, butan i vodu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Emigracija_iz_nacističke_Njemačke"><span id="Emigracija_iz_nacisti.C4.8Dke_Njema.C4.8Dke"></span>Emigracija iz nacističke Njemačke</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Uredi odjeljak Emigracija iz nacističke Njemačke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Emigracija iz nacističke Njemačke"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kada je <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> došao na vlast u siječnju <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>., Einstein je bio gostujući profesor na Sveučilištu u Princetonu, položaj koji je on preuzeo u prosincu <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>., na poziv američkog predavača <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Flexner&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abraham Flexner (stranica ne postoji)">Abrahama Flexnera</a>. </p><p>U <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>. godini, <a href="/wiki/Nacionalsocijalizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nacionalsocijalizam">nacisti</a> donose „Zakon o restauraciji civilne službe“ koji prisiljava sve sveučilišne profesire židovske nacionalnosti da napuste njihov posao i tijekom <a href="/wiki/1930-e" title="1930-e">1930-ih</a> vodi se kampanja da se Einsteinovo djelo etiketira kao <i>“židovska fizika”</i>, nasuprot <i>„njemačkoj“</i> ili <i>„arijevskoj“</i> fizici, koju predvode nobelovci <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" class="mw-redirect" title="Philipp Lenard">Philipp Lenard</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Stark&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes Stark (stranica ne postoji)">Johannes Stark</a>. Podržani od strane <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-disambig" title="SS">SS</a>-a, pobornici <i>“njemačke fizike”</i> objavljuju na sve strane pamflete i knjige u kojima sramote Einsteinove teorije i pokušavaju staviti njemačke fizičare koji poučavaju ove teorije na crnu listu. Einstein se odriče svoga njemačkog državljanstva i ostaje u Sjedinjenim Državama, gdje mu je dan stan na stalno korištenje. Ajnštajn prihvaća položaj na novoosnovanom Institutu za napredne studije u <a href="/wiki/Princeton" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Princeton">Princetonu</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, gdje se koncentrira na razvoj ujedinjene teorije polja. </p><p>Međunarodni spasilački komitet bio je osnovan <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>., na zahtjev Alberta Einsteina, s ciljem da se pomognu protivnici Adolfa Hitlera. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Drugi_svjetski_rat">Drugi svjetski rat</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Uredi odjeljak Drugi svjetski rat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Drugi svjetski rat"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Einstein-Roosevelt-letter.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Einstein-Roosevelt-letter.png/250px-Einstein-Roosevelt-letter.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Einstein-Roosevelt-letter.png/375px-Einstein-Roosevelt-letter.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Einstein-Roosevelt-letter.png/500px-Einstein-Roosevelt-letter.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="881" /></a><figcaption>Einstein-Szilárdovo pismo iz <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>. u vezi nuklearnog programa.</figcaption></figure> <p>Godine <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>., uz Szilárda, Einstein šalje pismo američkom predsjedniku <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklinu Delanu Rooseveltu</a> zauzimajući se za proučavanje nuklearne fisije u vojne svrhe, zbog straha da bi nacistička vlada Njemačke mogla biti prva koja će proizvesti <a href="/wiki/Nuklearno_oru%C5%BEje" title="Nuklearno oružje">nuklearno oružje</a>. Roosevelt počinje s malom istragom u vezi ovog problema koja će s vremenom prerasti u masivni <a href="/wiki/Projekat_Menhetn" class="mw-redirect" title="Projekat Menhetn">projekt Manhattan</a>. Einstein osobno nije bio uključen u ovaj projekt stvaranja prve <a href="/wiki/Nuklearno_oru%C5%BEje" title="Nuklearno oružje">atomske bombe</a>, ali je ipak, prema tvrdnjama <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linusa Paulinga</a>, kasnije zažalio što je potpisao ovo pismo. </p><p>Einstein postaje američki državljanin 1940., mada još uvijek zadržava i švicarsko državljanstvo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ujedinjena_teorija_polja">Ujedinjena teorija polja</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Uredi odjeljak Ujedinjena teorija polja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ujedinjena teorija polja"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Einsteinovi istraživački napori, nakon razvitka <a href="/wiki/Op%C4%87a_teorija_relativnosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Opća teorija relativnosti">opće relativnosti</a> bili su primarno sastavljeni od dugačke serije pokušaja da uopći još više svoju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorija_gravitacije&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorija gravitacije (stranica ne postoji)">teoriju gravitacije</a> s namjerom ujedinjenja i pojednostavljenja osnovnih fizikalnih zakona, posebno zakona gravitacije i <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetizam" title="Elektromagnetizam">elektromagnetizma</a>. Godine <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>., on opisuje taj rad, koji naziva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujedinjena_teorija_polja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ujedinjena teorija polja (stranica ne postoji)">ujedinjenom teorijom polja</a>, u jednom članku objavljenom u znanstvenom časopisu <i>Scientific American</i>. Einstein je vođen svojom vjerom u jedinstveno porijeklo svih fizikalnih zakona. </p><p>Einstein je postajao sve više izoliran u ovim svojim istraživanjima opće teorije gravitacije i njegovi napori su u konačnom ostali bezuspješni. Konkretno, njegova potraga za ujedinjenjem fundamentalnih sila ignorirala je rad zajednice fizičara u većini (i obrnuto), gdje je posebno značajno otkriće jakih i slabih nuklearnih sila, koje nisu shvaćane kao nezavisne sve do otprilike <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>., što je petnaest godina poslije Einsteinove smrti. Einsteinova težnja za ujedinjenjem zakona fizike pod jednim jedinim modelom preživjela je do današnjih dana kroz namjeru da bude izgrađena jedna nova velika unifikacijska teorija. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pozne_godine">Pozne godine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Uredi odjeljak Pozne godine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Pozne godine"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Albert_Einstein_in_later_years.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Albert_Einstein_in_later_years.jpg/250px-Albert_Einstein_in_later_years.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Albert_Einstein_in_later_years.jpg/375px-Albert_Einstein_in_later_years.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Albert_Einstein_in_later_years.jpg/500px-Albert_Einstein_in_later_years.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2869" data-file-height="3596" /></a><figcaption>Einstein u svojim kasnijim godinama. Ovo je jedan od poslijednjih Einsteinovih portreta.</figcaption></figure> <p>Godine <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a>. Einstein je jedan od članova osnivačkog komiteta koji će prerasti u Sveučilište Brandeis. Iste godine, <a href="/wiki/11._2." title="11. 2.">11. veljače</a>., <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yousuf_Karsh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yousuf Karsh (stranica ne postoji)">Yousuf Karsh</a> je napravio Einsteinov portret. Godine <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a>., izraelska vlada predlaže Einsteinu da preuzme dužnost drugog izraelskog predsjednika. On odbija ovu ponudu uz poruku: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Jako sam pogođen ponudom naše Države Izrael, no u isto vrijeme sam žalostan i posramljen što je nemogu prihvatiti.</p></blockquote> <p>Zanimljivo je da je to jednini slučaj da je nekom državljaninu Sjedinjenih Država bilo ponuđen položaj predsjednika neke strane države. Ovo Einsteinovo odbijanje možda ima neke veze s njegovim neodobravanjem nekih dijelova izraelske politike tijekom rata za neovisnost. U pismu koji je on potpisao, zajedno s drugim istaknutim <a href="/wiki/Jevreji" title="Jevreji">Židovima</a> u Sjedinjenim Državama on kritizira Oslobodilačku stranku koju vodi <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" class="mw-redirect" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a> zbog „naci-fašističkih“ metoda i filozofije.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dana <a href="/wiki/30._3." title="30. 3.">30. ožujka</a> <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>., Einstein objavljuje prerađenu ujedinjenu teoriju polja. </p><p>Einstein umire u 1:15 poslije ponoći<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> u Princetonskoj bolnici<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> u Princetonu, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/18._4." title="18. 4.">18. travnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>., u svojoj 76. godini života. Uzrok smrti bilo je unutarnje krvarenje, izazvano prskanjem <a href="/wiki/Aorta" title="Aorta">aorte</a>. Njegova <a href="/w/index.php?title=Op%C4%87a_teorija_gravitacije&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Opća teorija gravitacije (stranica ne postoji)">opća teorija gravitacije</a> ostaje tako nedovršena. Jedina osoba prisutna u trenutku njegove smrti bila je jedna medicinska sestra, koja je rekla da je on neposredno pred smrt promrmljao nekoliko riječi na njemačkom koje ona nije razumjela. Bio je kremiran bez ceremonije, istoga dana kad je i umro, u <a href="/wiki/Trenton" class="mw-redirect" title="Trenton">Trentonu</a>, New Jersey, što je bilo u skladu s njegovim željama. Njegov pepeo je potom rasut na otvorenom prostoru. </p><p>Doktor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Stoltz_Harvey&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Stoltz Harvey (stranica ne postoji)">Thomas Stoltz Harvey</a> izvršio je autopsiju nad Einsteinom, pri čemu je odstranio i sačuvao njegov <a href="/wiki/Mozak" title="Mozak">mozak</a>. Harvey nije našao ništa neuobičajeno na njegovom mozgu, ali <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>., u novoj analizi koju je uradio tim sa Sveučilišta McMaster, otkriveno je da njegov tjemeni operkulum nedostaje i da je, kao kompenzacija tome, njegov donji parijetalni režanj 15% veći nego što je normalno.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Donji parijetalni režanj je odgovoran za matematičko mišljenje, vizualnu spoznaju prostora i slikovito prikazivanje pokreta. Einsteinov mozak također je sadržavao 73% više glajalnih ćelija od prosječnog mozga. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uvjerenja">Uvjerenja</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Uredi odjeljak Uvjerenja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Uvjerenja"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religijski_pogledi">Religijski pogledi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Uredi odjeljak Religijski pogledi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Religijski pogledi"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Tagore_Gandhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Tagore_Gandhi.jpg/225px-Tagore_Gandhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Tagore_Gandhi.jpg/338px-Tagore_Gandhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Tagore_Gandhi.jpg/450px-Tagore_Gandhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="912" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a>, indijski Nobelovac i <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>. godine. Tagore i Gandhi su bili veliki pacifisti i jako dobri Einsteinovi prijatelji, a <a href="/wiki/14._7." title="14. 7.">14. srpnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>. Einstein je održao razgovor s Tagoreom koji je i dan danas jako čitan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Einstein je bio počasni član Racionalističkog novinskog udruženja, počevši od <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>. i bio je veliki poklonik Etničke kulture.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bio je član i savjetodavnog vijeća Prvog udruženja humanista <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New Yorka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="O_religiji">O religiji</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Uredi odjeljak O religiji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka O religiji"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Ja sam zapao — mada sam bio dijete potpuno ireligioznih (židovskih) roditelja — u duboku religioznost, koja je, međutim, dostigla iznenadni završetak u uzrastu od dvanaest godina.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Ja ne mislim da su neophodni slučajevi u kojima su znanost i religija u prirodnoj suprotnosti. U stvari, ja mislim da ima veoma malo veze između ovo dvoje. Dalje, ja mislim da je znanost bez religije hroma i, u obrnutom smislu, da je religija bez znanosti slijepa. Oboje su značajni i zato trebaju raditi ruku pod ruku.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Židov koji odbaci usput svoju vjeru, ili koji čak preuzme neku drugu, još uvijek je Židov.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Znanost bez vjere je neuvjerljiva, a vjera bez znanosti slijepa!.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Kao odrastao čovjek on je nazivao svoju religiju "kozmičkim religioznim osjećajem".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>U <i>Svijetu kako ga ja vidim</i> on je napisao: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Teško ćete naći bar jednog među vrstom dubokih znanstvenih umova bez naročitog religioznog osjećanja koje je njegovo osobno. Ali to je drugačije od religije naivnog čovjeka.</p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Najposlije, Bog je biće od koga traže nečiju želju da nagradi i kazni nečiji strah, sublimacija osjećanja bliskim onima koje gaji dijete prema svome ocu, biće u odnosu na koje neko stoji do određene mjere u osobnom odnosu, ma koliko duboko to bilo obojeno sa strahopoštovanjem.</p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Ali znanstvenik je opsjednut osjećajem za univerzalnu kauzalnost. Budućnost je, za njega, do svake sitnice jednako neophodna i određena kao i prošlost. Nema ničeg božanskog u moralnosti, to je čisto čovjekova stvar. Njegov religiozni osjećaj uzima formu ushićene zadivljenosti pred harmonijom prirodnih zakona, koji otkrivaju inteligenciju takve nadmoćnosti da, u usporedbi s tim, svako sistematsko razmišljanje i djelovanje ljudskih bića je sasvim beznačajna refleksija.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Odazivajući se na <a href="/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram">telegramsko</a> pitanje njujorškog <a href="/wiki/Rabin" title="Rabin">rabina</a> Herberta S. Goldsteina, <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a>: <i>"Vjerujete li vi u Boga? Stop. Odgovorite mi u 50 riječi."</i>, Einstein odgovara <i>"Ja vjerujem u <a href="/wiki/Baruch_de_Spinoza" class="mw-redirect" title="Baruch de Spinoza">Spinozinog</a> boga, koji otkriva samog sebe u zakonitoj harmoniji svijeta, ali ne u Boga čiji je vlastita briga vjera i činjenje ljudskih bića."</i> Einsteinov odgovor sadržavao je samo 25 (njemačkih) riječi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Znanstvena_filozofija">Znanstvena filozofija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Uredi odjeljak Znanstvena filozofija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Znanstvena filozofija"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U poglavlju <b>Kopenhagensko tumačenje</b> navedena je primjedba o neslaganju u pogledu Einsteinove trenutne pozicije u odnosu na kvantnu teoriju. Čuvena izjava <i>"Bog se ne igra s kockicama"</i> često je korištena da podrži mišljenje većine kako se njemu nije sviđala ova teorija zbog njenog indeterminizma. </p><p>Drugi navode slučajeve za jedan drugačiji pogled na ovo pitanje. Oni napominju da se izjava o "kockicama" iz 1926. pojavljuje u vrijeme kada je <a href="/wiki/Kvantna_teorija" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvantna teorija">kvantna teorija</a> tek u prvoj godini svoga otkrića i da u sljedećih 30 godina njegovog života teško bi se mogao naći neki njegov sličan komentar o ovome. Umjesto toga Einstein se koncentrira na konceptualno nezavisan problem “nepotpunosti” kvantne mehanike. Njegovo ukazivanje na <i>“nepotpunost”</i> iskazano je u njegovom EPR članku iz <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>., kao i u misaonom eksperimentu “Registracijska traka Geigerovog brojača” iz <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a>. Dodatna potvrda protiv <i>“Einstein-determinist”</i> gledišta je i <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Paulijeva</a> izjava: <i>"On odbija da je ikada koristio, kao kriterij prihvatljivosti neke teorije, pitanje "Je li ona rigorozno deterministička?"</i>. </p><p>U korist determinističkog viđenja su sljedeće Einsteinove izjave: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Ali znanstvenik je opsjednut osjećajem za univerzalnu kauzalnost. Budućnost je, za njega, do svake sitnice neophodna i određena kao i prošlost.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Kao i: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Ljudi poput nas, koji vjeruju u fiziku, znaju da je razlika između prošlosti, sadašnjosti i budućnosti ništa drugo nego tvrdoglavo postojana iluzija.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Njegova privrženost <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Schopenhaueru</a> trebala bi se također spomenuti: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Ja ne vjerujem u slobodu volje. Schopenhauerove riječi: “Čovjek može činiti što hoće, ali ne može željeti ono što želi” pratile su me u svim situacijama u mome životu i pomirile me sa djelovanjima drugih ljudi čak i kada su ona bila prilično bolna za mene samog. Ova svijest o nedostatku slobodne volje sačuvala me je od toga da previše ozbiljno shvatim samoga sebe kao i moje prijatelje kada su djelovali i odlučivali individualno, a sačuvala me je i da ne izgubim svoje živce.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Einstein je vjerovao da svaki istinski teoretičar uvijek zauzima i poziciju <a href="/wiki/Metafizika" title="Metafizika">metafizičara</a> bez obzira što radio: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Ja vjerujem da je svaki istinski teoretičar neka vrsta pripitomljenog metafizičara, bez obzira koliko čistim pozitivistom on samoga sebe smatrao. Metafizičar vjeruje da je ono što je logički jednostavno također i realno. Pripitomljeni metafizičar vjeruje da nije sve ono što je logički jednostavno istovremeno i uključeno u iskustvenu realnost, ali da se zato sveukupnost svih čulnih iskustava može razumjeti na bazi konceptualnog sustava izgrađenog na premisama velike jednostavnosti.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Sljedeća opća ocjena je dana od strane njegovog kolege Nathana Rosena: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Ja mislim da je stvar koja me je kod njega najviše impresionirala bila jednostavnost njegovog mišljenja i njegova vjera u sposobnost ljudskog uma da razume djelovanja prirode. Kroz cijeli svoj život, Einstein je vjerovao da je ljudski razum sposoban da nas dovede do teorije koja će nam omogućiti ispravan opis fizičkih pojava. U izgrađivanju teorija, on je imao pristup sličan pristupu jednog umjetnika; on je žudio za jednostavnošću i ljepotom (a ljepota je za njega bila, na kraju krajeva, opet u suštini jednostavnost). Krucijalno pitanje koje bi on pitao, dok je odvagivao neke od elemenata teorije bilo je: "Da li je ovo razumno?" Bez obzira kako uspješnom bi se neka teorija činila, ukoliko bi mu se učinilo da ona nije i razumna (njemačka riječ koju je on koristio bila je "vernunftig"), on bi bio uvjeren da ta teorija ne može osigurati zaista fundamentalno razumijevanje prirode.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politički_pogledi"><span id="Politi.C4.8Dki_pogledi"></span>Politički pogledi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Uredi odjeljak Politički pogledi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Politički pogledi"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Einstein je za sebe smatrao da je <a href="/wiki/Pacifizam" title="Pacifizam">pacifist</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> i <a href="/wiki/Humanizam" title="Humanizam">humanist</a>, a u kasnijim godinama i <a href="/wiki/Socijaldemokratija" title="Socijaldemokratija">socijaldemokrat</a>. On je jednom rekao: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Ja mislim da su gledišta <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatme Gandhija</a> najviše prosvjetiteljska od gledišta svih političkih ličnosti našeg vremena. Mi treba težiti ka tome da činimo stvari koje su u njegovom duhu, ne koristeći nasilje u borbi za našu stvar i ne sudjelujući u bilo čemu za što mislimo da je zlo.</p></blockquote> <p>Duboko impresioniran Gandhijem, Einstein je jednom o Gandhiju rekao: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Generacije koje dolaze teško će moći povjerovati da je takav čovjek od krvi i mesa ikada hodao po ovoj planeti.</p></blockquote> <p>Einsteinova gledišta ponekad su bila kontroverzna. U članku iz <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a>. godine, pod naslovom <i>"Zašto socijalizam?"</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Albert Einstein opisuje <i>"grabežljivu fazu razvoja čovječanstva"</i> na primjeru kaotičnog kapitalističkog društva, kao izvora zla koje će nadvladati. On ne odobrava totalitarne režime u <a href="/wiki/Sovjetski_Savez" title="Sovjetski Savez">Sovjetskom Savezu</a> ili drugdje i iznosi argumente u prilog socijaldemokratskom sustavu koji treba kombinirati plansku ekonomiju s dubokim poštovanjem za ljudska prava. Einstein je bio suosnivač Njemačke demokratske stranke i član AFL-CIO udruženog sa Američkim savezom nastavnika. </p><p>Einstein je u velikoj mjeri bio uključen i u Američki pokret za <a href="/wiki/Ljudska_prava" title="Ljudska prava">ljudska prava</a>. Bio je blizak prijatelj sa Paulom Robesonom preko 20 godina. Einstein je bio član nekoliko grupa za ljudska prava (uključujući prinstonski odjeljak NAACP-a) od kojih su mnoge bile pod vodstvom Paula Robesona. On je zajedno sa Paulom Robesonom bio dopredsjednik Američkog kršćanskog pohoda za zaustavljanje linčovanja. Kada je DuBois, tijekom <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">McCarthyjeve</a> ere, u svojoj 80-toj godini bio optužen da je komunistički špijun, Einstein se dobrovoljno prijavio da na ovome suđenju svjedoči u korist njegovog karaktera. Ovaj proces je ubrzo završen nakon što je objavljeno da će se Einstein na njemu pojaviti u ovom svojstvu. Einsteinove riječi da je <i>"<a href="/wiki/Rasizam" title="Rasizam">rasizam</a> najveća bolest bijelaca"</i> često su citirane.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/FBI" title="FBI">FBI</a> je u svojim arhivama držao 1427 datoteka o Einsteinovim aktivnostima i preporučivao je da mu se zabrani useljenje u Sjedinjene Države, po osnovu Čina o isključenju stranaca, navodeći da Einstein <i>"vjeruje u, savjetuje, brani ili poučava doktrine koje, u zakonskom smislu, kao što je sudski dokazano u drugim slučajevima, mogu izazvati nezaustavljivo srljanje države ka anarhiji, što bi imalo za rezultat postojanje države samo na papiru"</i>. Pored ostalih optužbi Einsteinu se stavlja na teret također i da je <i>"bio član, pokrovitelj, ili u vezi sa trideset četiri komunistička pokreta između <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>. i <a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a>. i da je također bio počasni predsjednik tri komunističke organizacije"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Einsteinwiezmann.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Einsteinwiezmann.PNG/300px-Einsteinwiezmann.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Einsteinwiezmann.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="299" /></a><figcaption>Einstein sa svojom drugom suprugom Elsom i cionističkim vođama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haim_Weizmann&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Haim Weizmann (stranica ne postoji)">Haimom Weizmannom</a>, njegovom suprugom Dr. Verom Weizmann, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Menahem_Usi%C5%A1kin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Menahem Usiškin (stranica ne postoji)">Menahemom Usiškin</a> i Ben-Zionom Mosinsonom u <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New Yorku</a> <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Einstein je bio protivnik tiranskog oblika vladavine i zbog tog razloga (i židovskog porijekla) usprotivio se i nacističkom režimu i napustio je Njemačku ubrzo nakon što je on došao na vlast. U isto vrijeme, Einsteinov nećak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Einstein (stranica ne postoji)">Carl Einstein</a> koji je bio <a href="/wiki/Anarhizam" title="Anarhizam">anarhist</a>, dijelio je sa njim mnoga njegova gledišta i borio se protiv <a href="/wiki/Fa%C5%A1izam" title="Fašizam">fašizma</a> u <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0panski_gra%C4%91anski_rat" title="Španski građanski rat">Španjolskom građanskom ratu</a>. Einstein je u početku bio pristalica stvaranja atomske bombe, ne želeći da se <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> dočepa ovoga oružja prvi. Da bi se u tome osigurao on je zajedno sa Leom Szilárd (Szilárd je vjerojatno i napisao ovo pismo) uputio pismo predsjedniku <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklinu Delanu Rooseveltu</a>, datirano <a href="/wiki/2._8." title="2. 8.">2. kolovoza</a> <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>., neposredno prije početka <a href="/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat" title="Drugi svjetski rat">Drugog svjetskog rata</a> u kojem su ga ohrabrivali da započne program stvaranja nuklearnog oružja. Roosevelt je na to odgovorio uspostavljanjem Komiteta za istragu upotrebe <a href="/wiki/Uranijum" title="Uranijum">uranija</a> kao oružja, što je za par godina dovelo do stvaranja <a href="/wiki/Projekat_Menhetn" class="mw-redirect" title="Projekat Menhetn">projekta Manhattan</a>. </p><p>Po završetku rata, međutim, Einstein se počeo zalagati za nuklearno razoružanje i za svjetsku vladu: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Ja ne znam kako će <a href="/wiki/Tre%C4%87i_svetski_rat" title="Treći svetski rat">treći svjetski rat</a> biti vođen, ali znam da će se u četvrtom svjetskom ratu ljudi tući toljagama i kamenjem.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Einstein_paper_money.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Einstein_paper_money.jpg/270px-Einstein_paper_money.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Einstein_paper_money.jpg/405px-Einstein_paper_money.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Einstein_paper_money.jpg/540px-Einstein_paper_money.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1146" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption>Einstein na novčanici od 5 izraelskih liri.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dok je Einstein podržavao <a href="/wiki/Cionizam" title="Cionizam">cionizam</a> u kulturološkom smislu, on je često izražavao rezerve u pogledu njegove primjene u smislu nacionalizma. Tijekom govora održanog u hotelu u <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New Yorku</a>, on je pred okupljenim slušateljima rekao: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Moja svijest o suštinskoj prirodi Judaizma odbija ideju židovske države sa granicama, vojskom i određenom mjerom zemaljske vlasti ma kako skromna ona bila. Ja se bojim da će se unutrašnje urušavanje Judaizma nastaviti.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>On je također potpisao <sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> otvoreno pismo objavljeno u <i>Timesu</i> u kojem se strogo kritizira <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" class="mw-redirect" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a> i njegova nacionalistička stranka, posebno zbog tretmana domorodačkih Arapa u Deir Jasin masakru od strane strankine prethodnice <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irguna</a>. </p><p>Unatoč ovoj njegovoj rezerviranosti, Einstein je aktivno sudjelovao u uspostavljanju židovskog sveučilišta u <a href="/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem">Jeruzalemu</a>. Kasnije, <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a>. godine, Einsteinu je ponuđeno da bude drugi predsjednik tek stvorene države <a href="/wiki/Izrael" title="Izrael">Izrael</a>, ali je on to odbio, rekavši da mu za to nedostaju neophodne radne sposobnosti. Ipak, Einstein je bio duboko posvećen blagostanju države Izrael i židovskog naroda sve do kraja svog života. </p><p>Albert Einstein je bio u bliskoj vezi sa planovima za formiranje, kako su ga novine nazvale, sveučilišta koje bi financirali <a href="/wiki/Jevreji" title="Jevreji">Židovi</a> iz <a href="/wiki/19._8." title="19. 8.">19. kolovoza</a> <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>., kao i sa obavještenjem o formiranju Fondacije za više studije Albert Einsteinove, Inc. do <a href="/wiki/22._6." title="22. 6.">22. lipnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>., kada on povlači svoju podršku i ne dozvoljava fondaciji korištenje njegovog imena. Već spomenuto sveučilište otvoreno je <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a>. kao Sveučilište Brandeis. </p><p>Einstein se, zajedno sa <a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albertom Schweitzerom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrandom Russellom</a>, borio protiv nuklearnih bombi kao i njihovih testova. Kao njegov posljednji javni čin, i samo dan prije njegove smrti, on je potpisao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell-Einsteinov_manifest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Russell-Einsteinov manifest (stranica ne postoji)">Russell-Einsteinov manifest</a>, koji je doveo do Pugwashove konferencije o znanosti i svjetskim poslovima. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Državljanstvo"><span id="Dr.C5.BEavljanstvo"></span>Državljanstvo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Uredi odjeljak Državljanstvo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Državljanstvo"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Albert_Einstein_citizenship_NYWTS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Albert_Einstein_citizenship_NYWTS.jpg/300px-Albert_Einstein_citizenship_NYWTS.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Albert_Einstein_citizenship_NYWTS.jpg/450px-Albert_Einstein_citizenship_NYWTS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Albert_Einstein_citizenship_NYWTS.jpg/600px-Albert_Einstein_citizenship_NYWTS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1820" /></a><figcaption>Sudac Phillip Forman predaje Einsteinu papir kojim potvrđuje da je Einstein američki državljanin; <a href="/wiki/1._10." title="1. 10.">1. listopada</a> <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Einstein je po rođenju bio njemački državljanin ali je sa 17 godina, <a href="/wiki/28._1." title="28. 1.">28. siječnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a>., na vlastiti zahtjev i uz odobrenje oca, razriješen njemačkog državljanstva. Sljedećih pet godina bio je bez državljanstva do <a href="/wiki/21._2." title="21. 2.">21. veljače</a> <i>1901.</i> kada stiče švicarsko državljanstvo, kojega se nikada nije odrekao. Stekao je prusko državljanstvo <a href="/wiki/14._4." title="14. 4.">14. travnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a>. kada je stupio u prusku civilnu službu. Zbog političke situacije i progona <a href="/wiki/Jevreji" title="Jevreji">Židova</a> u <a href="/wiki/Tre%C4%87i_rajh" class="mw-redirect" title="Treći rajh">nacističkoj Njemačkoj</a>, u ožujku <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>. napušta civilnu službu, čime je izgubio i prusko državljanstvo. Dana <a href="/wiki/1._10." title="1. 10.">1. listopada</a> <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>. godine Einstein je postao državljanin <a href="/wiki/Sjedinjene_Ameri%C4%8Dke_Dr%C5%BEave" title="Sjedinjene Američke Države">Sjedinjenih Američkih Država</a> i do smrti je ostao dvojni državljanin (SAD i Švicarske).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popularnost_i_utjecaj_na_kulturu">Popularnost i utjecaj na kulturu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Uredi odjeljak Popularnost i utjecaj na kulturu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Popularnost i utjecaj na kulturu"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prema "Top listi najutjecajnijih osoba u povijesti", on je "najveći znanstvenik dvadesetog stoljeća i jedan od najsuperiornijih intelektualaca svih vremena".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Einsteinova popularnost je također dovela do široko rasprostranjenog korištenja njegovih slika u svrhu reklamiranja i prodavanja robe, uključujući i registraciju “Alberta Einsteina” kao zaštitnog znaka. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zanimljivosti">Zanimljivosti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24" title="Uredi odjeljak Zanimljivosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Zanimljivosti"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Albert Einstein je postao tema mnogobrojnih romana, filmova i drama, uključujući Jean-Claude Carrierov francuski roman iz <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>., <i>Einstein, molim vas</i> (<i>Einstein S'il Vous Plait</i>), <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Roeg" title="Nicolas Roeg">Roegov</a> film <i>Beznačajnost</i> (<i>Insignificance</i>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Schepisi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred Schepisi (stranica ne postoji)">Schepisijev</a> film <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=I.Q._(film)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="I.Q. (film) (stranica ne postoji)">I.Q.</a></i> (gdje ga je glumio <a href="/wiki/Walter_Matthau" title="Walter Matthau">Walter Matthau</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lightman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Lightman (stranica ne postoji)">Lightmanovu</a> zbirku <i>Einsteinovi snovi</i> i <a href="/wiki/Steve_Martin" title="Steve Martin">Martinovu</a> komediju <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Picasso_na_Lapen_Agileu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Picasso na Lapen Agileu (stranica ne postoji)">Picasso na Lapen Agileu</a></i> (<i>Picasso at the Lapin Agile</i>). On je bio i tema <a href="/wiki/Philip_Glass" title="Philip Glass">Glassove</a> opere iz <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>., <i>“<a href="/w/index.php?title=Einstein_na_pla%C5%BEi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Einstein na plaži (stranica ne postoji)">Einstein na plaži</a>”</i>. </p><p>On je također često korišten kao model za oslikavanje likova ludog znanstvenika u raznim djelima i romanima, jer njegov karakter i prepoznatljiva frizura sugeriraju ekscentričnost ili čak i ludilo, zbog čega je naširoko kopiran ili karikiran. Suradnik časopisa <i>TIME</i>, Frederic Golden, rekao je da je Einstein <i>“ostvarenje snova svih karikaturista”</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Na Einsteinov 72. rođendan, <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a>., fotograf UPI-ja (<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Press_International&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="United Press International (stranica ne postoji)">United Press International</a>) Arthur Sasse pokušavao ga je nagovoriti da se nasmiješi u kameru. Pošto je to već učinio mnogo puta tog dana, Einstein je umjesto osmjeha isplazio svoj jezik.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ova slika postala je jako poznata zbog njenog kontrasta genijalnog znanstvenika koji se prikazuje u trenutku svoje lakomislenosti. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yahoo_Serious&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yahoo Serious (stranica ne postoji)">Yahoo Serious</a>, australski filmaš, koristio je ovu fotografiju kao inspiraciju za svoj film <i>“Mladi Einstein”</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spekulacije_i_kontroverze">Spekulacije i kontroverze</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25" title="Uredi odjeljak Spekulacije i kontroverze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Spekulacije i kontroverze"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Postoji bezbroj spekulacija kojim se sugerira da je Einstein bio slab učenik, spor u učenju ili da je imao neki oblik <a href="/wiki/Autizam" title="Autizam">autizma</a> (kao što je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Visoko-funkcionalni_autizam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Visoko-funkcionalni autizam (stranica ne postoji)">visoko-funkcionalni autizam</a>) ili <a href="/wiki/Aspergerov_sindrom" title="Aspergerov sindrom">Aspergerov sindrom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disleksija" title="Disleksija">disleksiju</a> ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nedostatak_pa%C5%BEnje_uslijed_hiperaktivnog_poreme%C4%87aja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nedostatak pažnje uslijed hiperaktivnog poremećaja (stranica ne postoji)">nedostatak pažnje uslijed hiperaktivnog poremećaja</a>. Prema biografiji koju je napisao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Pais&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abraham Pais (stranica ne postoji)">Abraham Pais</a> (strana 36, između ostalih), sve ove spekulacije su neosnovane. Neki istraživači periodično su davali drugačije tvrdnje,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ali većina povjesničara i doktora su sumnjičavi po pitanju retrospektivne medicinske dijagnoze, posebno kod kompleksnih oboljenja, a u slučaju ADHD radi se i o kontroverznom stanju zdravlja. Ispitivanja Einsteinovog mozga nakon njegove smrti nisu dala nikakav presudan dokaz za bilo koje od ovih stanja. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Albert_Einstein%27s_exam_of_maturity_grades_(color2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Albert_Einstein%27s_exam_of_maturity_grades_%28color2%29.jpg/200px-Albert_Einstein%27s_exam_of_maturity_grades_%28color2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Albert_Einstein%27s_exam_of_maturity_grades_%28color2%29.jpg/300px-Albert_Einstein%27s_exam_of_maturity_grades_%28color2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Albert_Einstein%27s_exam_of_maturity_grades_%28color2%29.jpg/400px-Albert_Einstein%27s_exam_of_maturity_grades_%28color2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1479" data-file-height="2419" /></a><figcaption>Einsteinova maturalna svjedodžba.</figcaption></figure> <p>Često ponavljana priča da je Einstein tijekom svog školovanja imao slabu ocjenu iz matematike je netočna. Naprotiv, Einstein je uvijek pokazivao veliki talent iz <a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">matematike</a>, a kada je stekao svoju diplomu imao je najveće moguće ocjene (6/6) upravo iz <a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">algebre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geometrija" title="Geometrija">geometrije</a> i <a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika">fizike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sustav ocjenjivanja u <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vajcarska" class="mw-redirect" title="Švajcarska">Švicarskoj</a>, gdje je 6 najbolja ocjena možda je mogao izazvati konfuziju u usporedbi s njemačkim sustavom gdje je 1 najbolja ocjena. Kada je imao 15 godina, međutim, Albert Einstein je dobio slabe ocjene iz <a href="/wiki/Historija" title="Historija">povijesti</a>, jezika i <a href="/wiki/Geografija" title="Geografija">geografije</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Što se tiče Einsteinovog zakasnjelog razvoja govora (ovo je samo po sebi argument protiv spekulacija da je imao Aspergerov sindrom jer klinički opis ovog sindroma ne uključuje zakasnjeli razvoj govora), pojedini spekuliraju da je on imao vrstu izborne <a href="/wiki/Mutavost" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutavost">mutavosti</a>, pa je zbog toga odbijao govoriti dok nije bio u stanju sastavljati kompletne rečenice. Mada se ova verzija uklapa u profil osjetljivog perfekcionista (kada je Einstein progovorio, on bi obično meko “uvježbavao” ono što bi htio reći prije nego što bi to jasno i glasno i izgovorio), to se zbog nečega povezuje sa selektivnom mutavošću - kao što je sada poznato - to se više ne smatra stanjem dobrovoljne šutljivosti već se povezuje sa pojedincima koji imaju verbalne sposobnosti, ali nisu u stanju govoriti u određenim socijalnim situacijama.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ovo se ne može primijeniti na Einsteina koji nije mogao uopće govoriti do vremena kada je to počeo svojevoljno raditi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Počasti_i_priznanja"><span id="Po.C4.8Dasti_i_priznanja"></span>Počasti i priznanja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26" title="Uredi odjeljak Počasti i priznanja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Počasti i priznanja"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Estatua_de_Einstein._Parque_de_Ciencias_Granada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Estatua_de_Einstein._Parque_de_Ciencias_Granada.jpg/200px-Estatua_de_Einstein._Parque_de_Ciencias_Granada.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Estatua_de_Einstein._Parque_de_Ciencias_Granada.jpg/300px-Estatua_de_Einstein._Parque_de_Ciencias_Granada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Estatua_de_Einstein._Parque_de_Ciencias_Granada.jpg/400px-Estatua_de_Einstein._Parque_de_Ciencias_Granada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Einsteinov kip u <a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granadi</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Einstein je posthumno primio veliki broj priznanja. Među njih spadaju: </p> <ul><li>Godine <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>. proglašen je za osobu stoljeća u anketi magazina <i><a href="/wiki/TIME" class="mw-redirect" title="TIME">TIME</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> je <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>. proglasio “Svjetskom godinom fizike” u čast stogodišnjice objavljivanja Einsteinovih radova iz <i>"Anni Mirabilis"</i>.</li> <li>Po narudžbi Nacionalne akademije znanosti SAD-a, u njenom kampusu u <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">Washingtonu</a> podignuta je monumentalna brončana skulptura Alberta Einsteina.</li></ul> <p>Među mnogim stvarima koje su nazvane po Einsteinu su: </p> <ul><li>Jedinica koja se koristi u <a href="/wiki/Fotokemija" class="mw-redirect" title="Fotokemija">fotokemiji</a>, "ajnštajn"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemijski_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemijski element">Kemijski element</a> čiji je redni broj 99 pod nazivom <a href="/wiki/Ajn%C5%A1tajnijum" title="Ajnštajnijum">einsteinij</a></li> <li>Asteroid 2001 Einstein</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagrada_Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagrada Albert Einstein (stranica ne postoji)">Nagrada Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagrada_za_mir_Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagrada za mir Albert Einstein (stranica ne postoji)">Nagrada za mir Albert Einstein</a></li> <li>Medicinski fakultet Albert Einstein na Sveučilištu Yeshiva<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> otvoren <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>.</li> <li>Medicinski centar Albert Einstein<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> u <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einsteinovi_radovi">Einsteinovi radovi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=27" title="Uredi odjeljak Einsteinovi radovi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Einsteinovi radovi"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Einstein je tijekom svog života objavio preko pedeset znanstvenih radova. Također je objavio i nekoliko radova koji se ne bave znanošću, uključujući <i>O cionizmu</i> (<a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>.), <i>Zašto rat?</i> (<a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>., zajedno sa <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmundom Freudom</a> kao koautorom), <i>Svijet kako ga ja vidim</i> (<a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>.) i <i>Izvan mojih poznih godina</i> (<a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>.). </p><p>Glavna djela Alberta Einsteina su: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorija_Brownovog_gibanja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorija Brownovog gibanja (stranica ne postoji)">Teorija Brownovog gibanja</a>;</li> <li>Elektrodinamika tijela u kretanju;</li> <li>Osnovne opće teorije relativiteta;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O_posebnoj_i_op%C4%87oj_teoriji_relativiteta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="O posebnoj i općoj teoriji relativiteta (stranica ne postoji)">O posebnoj i općoj teoriji relativiteta</a>;</li> <li>Evolucija fizike;</li> <li>Moja slika svijeta;</li> <li>Značenje relativnosti</li> <li>Ideje i mišljenja.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bilješke"><span id="Bilje.C5.A1ke"></span>Bilješke</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=28" title="Uredi odjeljak Bilješke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Bilješke"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41556849">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Službenog naziva "Federalni ured za intelektualne posjede", u to rijeme, a danas Švicarski federalni institut za intelektualne posjede.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Vidi i <span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928123835/http://www.ipi.ch/E/institut/i1094.shtm">„FAQ o Einsteinu na Institutu”</a>.&#32;Arhivirano&#32;iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipi.ch/E/institut/i1094.shtm">originala</a>&#32;na datum 2007-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 2007-04-17</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=FAQ+o+Einsteinu+na+Institutu&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20070928123835%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipi.ch%2FE%2Finstitut%2Fi1094.shtm&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=29" title="Uredi odjeljak Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Reference"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556849"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/541840.stm">„Einstein najveći”</a>.&#32;BBC.&#32;29. 11. 1999.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Einstein+najve%C4%87i&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=29.+11.+1999&amp;rft.pub=BBC&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fsci%2Ftech%2F541840.stm&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205064809/http://www.cerncourier.com/main/article/40/1/10">„Einstein najbolji fizičar”</a>.&#32;Institute Of Physics.&#32;Arhivirano&#32;iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cerncourier.com/main/article/40/1/10">originala</a>&#32;na datum 2008-12-05<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 28. 9. 2006</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Einstein+najbolji+fizi%C4%8Dar&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.pub=Institute+Of+Physics&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20081205064809%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.cerncourier.com%2Fmain%2Farticle%2F40%2F1%2F10&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HarvChemAE-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HarvChemAE_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HarvChemAE_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Dudley Herschbach, "Einstein as a Student," Odjel za kemiju i biokemiju, Sveučilište Harvard, Cambridge, MA, SAD, str. 3, web: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.harvard.edu/herschbach/Einstein_Student.pdf">HarvardChem-Einstein-PDF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090226002142/http://www.chem.harvard.edu/herschbach/Einstein_Student.pdf">Arhivirano</a> 2009-02-26 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a>: O Talmudovim šestogodišnjim posjetama četvrtkom.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/opb/einsteinswife/">„Einsteinova supruga”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 8. listopada 2006</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Einsteinova+supruga&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fopb%2Feinsteinswife%2F&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928123827/http://www.ipi.ch/E/institut/i1.shtm">„Švicarski federalni institut za intelektualne posjede”</a>.&#32;Arhivirano&#32;iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipi.ch/E/institut/i1.shtm">originala</a>&#32;na datum 2007-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 2007-04-17</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=%C5%A0vicarski+federalni+institut+za+intelektualne+posjede&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20070928123827%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipi.ch%2FE%2Finstitut%2Fi1.shtm&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Galison&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Galison (stranica ne postoji)">Peter Galison</a>, "Einstein's Clocks: The Question of Time" <i>Critical Inquiry</i> 26, br. 2 (zima 2000): 355–389, str 368.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/17/4/2">„O Milevi Marić (travanj 2004.) - Physics World - PhysicsWeb”</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=O+Milevi+Mari%C4%87+%28travanj+2004.%29+-+Physics+World+-+PhysicsWeb&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysicsweb.org%2Farticles%2Fworld%2F17%2F4%2F2&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Galison&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Galison (stranica ne postoji)">Peter Galison</a>, "Einstein's Clocks: The Question of Time" <i>Critical Inquiry</i> 26, br. 2 (zima 2000.): 355–389, str. 370.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Smoluchowski je radio na Brownovom gibanju istovremeno kad i Einstein. On je <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>. objavio istu formulu kao i Einstein (izvedenu na drugi način), jedino što je pogrešio je činioc. Vidjeti: <span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/theo1/hanggi/History/Langevin1908.pdf">„Članak Paula Langevina iz </a><a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908.</a> - „О teoriji Brownovog gibanja“”.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=%C4%8Clanak+Paula+Langevina+iz+%5B%5B1908%7C1908.%5D%5D+-+%E2%80%9E%D0%9E+teoriji+Brownovog+gibanja%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physik.uni-augsburg.de%2Ftheo1%2Fhanggi%2FHistory%2FLangevin1908.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span> za detalje.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vidjeti: Helge Kragh, "Einstein's Relativity, and Others'" u djelu <i>Quantum Generations: A History of Physics in the Twentieth Century</i> (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999): 87-104. O Einsteinvom nedostatku potpune izoliranosti i o razlikama između njegovih i Poincaréovih teorija relativnosti, vidjeti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Galison&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Galison (stranica ne postoji)">Peter Galison</a>, <i>Einstein's clocks, Poincarés maps: empires of time</i> (New York: W.W. Norton, 2003).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/einstein/genius/">PBS - NOVA - Einstein's Big Idea - "Genius Among Geniuses", by Thomas Levenson</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> [Crelinsten, Jeffrey, "Einstein's Jury: The Race to Test Relativity," Princeton University Press, 2006]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scienceweek.com/2005/sw051230-2.htm">History of Physics: Einstein and the Cosmological Constant</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nap.edu/nap-cgi/skimit.cgi?isbn=0309084075&amp;chap=138-159.com.The">Nacional Academies Press</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="&#160;since September 2021" style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Mrtvi_eksterni_linkovi" title="Wikipedija:Mrtvi eksterni linkovi">mrtav link</a></i>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Crelinsten, <i>Einsteinova porota</i>, str. 94–98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Crelinsten, str. 103-108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Crelinsten, str. 114–119, 126–140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ironija je u tome da je kasnije ispitivanje fotografija napravljenih tijekom ove ekspedicije pokazalo da su njihove mjerne greške bile usporedive s efektima koje su oni htjeli izmjeriti. Ipak, skretanje svjetlosti u gravitacijskom polju kasnije je bilo precizno potvrđeno mnogobrojnim novim promatranjima.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/einstein.html">„ALBERT EINSTEIN (1879. - 1955.) i "Najveće znanstveno otkriće svih vremena" </a><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%BCrgen_Schmidhuber&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jürgen Schmidhuber (stranica ne postoji)">autor: J. Schmidhuber</a>:”.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=ALBERT+EINSTEIN+%281879.+-+1955.%29+i+%22Najve%C4%87e+znanstveno+otkri%C4%87e+svih+vremena%22++%5B%5BJ%C3%BCrgen+Schmidhuber%7Cautor%3A+J.+Schmidhuber%5D%5D%3A&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idsia.ch%2F%7Ejuergen%2Feinstein.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vidi: Albert Einstein, <i>"My Reply. On the Anti-Relativity Theoretical Co., Ltd.</i> [August 27, 1920.," - Klaus Hentschel, ed. <i>Physics and National Socialism: An anthology of primary sources</i> (Basel: Birkhaeuser, 1996), str.1-5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Postoji zanimljiva rasprava o ozlojađenosti nekih znanstvenika Einsteinovom slavom, posebno onih njemačkih fizičara koji su kasnije započeli anti-ajnštajnovski pokret <i>"Njemačka fizika"</i>, u uvodu Klaus Hentschelove knjige <i>"Fizika i nacizam"</i> (<i>Physics and National Socialism: An anthology of primary sources</i>; Basel: Birkhaeuser, 1996.), na str.lxxi. U vezi diskusije među astronomima njihovom stavu i debati u vezi relativnosti, vidjeti Crelinstenovu <i>Einsteinovu porotu</i>: <i>Trka za testiranje relativnosti</i> (<i>The Race to Test Relativity</i>) (Princeton University Press, 2006.), stranice 6, 9, 10 i 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Einstein, B. Podolsky i N. Rosen, <i>Phys. Rev.</i> <b>47</b>, str. 777 (1935.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Born (urednik), <i> Born-Einsteinova pisma</i>, str. 221 (Macmillan, London (1971.)).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Einstein, B. Podolsky, N. Rosen, <i>Phys. Rev.</i> <b>47</b> 777 (1935.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P.A. Schilpp, Ed. <i>Albert Einstein, Filozof-znanstvenik</i>, Tudor, N.Y. (1949.).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Home &amp; Whitaker (2007), str. 142</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">John D. Norton.&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/quantum_theory_measurement/index.html#L386">„The Measurement Problem”</a>.&#32;Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=The+Measurement+Problem&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=John+D.+Norton&amp;rft.au=John+D.+Norton&amp;rft.pub=Department+of+History+and+Philosophy+of+Science%2C+University+of+Pittsburgh&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pitt.edu%2F%7Ejdnorton%2Fteaching%2FHPS_0410%2Fchapters%2Fquantum_theory_measurement%2Findex.html%23L386&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=3518580"><i>The Economist</i> - 100 godina Einsteina</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Dissent/Einstein_NYTimes_Israel.html">Einsteinovo pismo NY Timesu, 4. prosinca 1948.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/ein.html">neuroznanost za djecu - "Što je bilo s Einsteinovim mozgom?"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070208202014/http://www.princetonhistory.org/museum_alberteinstein.cfm">„Einstein na Princetonu”</a>.&#32;Arhivirano&#32;iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.princetonhistory.org/museum_alberteinstein.cfm">originala</a>&#32;na datum 2007-02-08<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 2007-04-17</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Einstein+na+Princetonu&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20070208202014%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.princetonhistory.org%2Fmuseum_alberteinstein.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/371698.stm">„BBC News&#160;: Sci/Tech&#160;: Zašto je veličina bila važna za Einsteina”</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=BBC+News+%3A+Sci%2FTech+%3A+Za%C5%A1to+je+veli%C4%8Dina+bila+va%C5%BEna+za+Einsteina&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fsci%2Ftech%2F371698.stm&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070810010529/http://www.aeu.org/ericson2.html">„The Humanist Way: An Introduction to Ethical Humanist Religion”</a>.&#32;Arhivirano&#32;iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aeu.org/ericson2.html">originala</a>&#32;na datum 2007-08-10<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 25. veljače</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=The+Humanist+Way%3A+An+Introduction+to+Ethical+Humanist+Religion&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20070810010529%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.aeu.org%2Fericson2.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090218045309/http://www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/charlesfrancispotter.html">„Charles Francis Potter”</a>.&#32;Arhivirano&#32;iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/charlesfrancispotter.html">originala</a>&#32;na datum 2009-02-18<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 2007-04-17</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Charles+Francis+Potter&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20090218045309%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww25.uua.org%2Fuuhs%2Fduub%2Farticles%2Fcharlesfrancispotter.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infidels.org/library/modern/edwin_wilson/manifesto/ch2.html">„Genesis of a Humanist Manifesto”</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Genesis+of+a+Humanist+Manifesto&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infidels.org%2Flibrary%2Fmodern%2Fedwin_wilson%2Fmanifesto%2Fch2.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.EinsteinAndReligion.COM/freethink.html">„EinsteinAndReligion.COM/freethink.html”</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=EinsteinAndReligion.COM%2Ffreethink.html&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.EinsteinAndReligion.COM%2Ffreethink.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter A. Bucky, et. al., <i>The Private Albert Einstein</i> (Kansas City, 1992), str. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter A. Bucky, et. al., <i>The Private Albert Einstein</i> (Kansas City, 1992), str. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Keyes (2007), str. 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070415170150/http://www.endlesssearch.co.uk/science_cosmicreligion.htm">„Science and cosmic religion”</a>.&#32;Arhivirano&#32;iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.endlesssearch.co.uk/science_cosmicreligion.htm">originala</a>&#32;na datum 2007-04-15<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 2007-04-17</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Science+and+cosmic+religion&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20070415170150%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.endlesssearch.co.uk%2Fscience_cosmicreligion.htm&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.EinsteinAndReligion.COM/sciencereligious.html">„Einstein and religion”</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Einstein+and+religion&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.EinsteinAndReligion.COM%2Fsciencereligious.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.EinsteinAndReligion.COM/sciencereligious.html">„EinsteinAndReligion.COM/sciencereligious.html”</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=EinsteinAndReligion.COM%2Fsciencereligious.html&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.EinsteinAndReligion.COM%2Fsciencereligious.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080105183119/http://speakingoffaith.publicradio.org/programs/einsteinsgod/unheardcuts.shtml">„SpeakingOfFaith.PublicRadio.ORG/programs/einsteinsgod/unheardcuts.shtml”</a>.&#32;Arhivirano&#32;iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://speakingoffaith.publicradio.org/programs/einsteinsgod/unheardcuts.shtml">originala</a>&#32;na datum 2008-01-05<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 2007-04-17</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=SpeakingOfFaith.PublicRadio.ORG%2Fprograms%2Feinsteinsgod%2Funheardcuts.shtml&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080105183119%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fspeakingoffaith.publicradio.org%2Fprograms%2Feinsteinsgod%2Funheardcuts.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.EinsteinAndReligion.COM/credo.html">„EinsteinAndReligion.COM/credo.html”</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=EinsteinAndReligion.COM%2Fcredo.html&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.EinsteinAndReligion.COM%2Fcredo.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://leiwen.tripod.com/eingra.htm">„leiwen.tripod.com/eingra.htm”</a>.&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010412042043/http://leiwen.tripod.com/eingra.htm">Arhivirano</a>&#32;iz originala&#32;na datum 2001-04-12<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 2007-04-17</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=leiwen.tripod.com%2Feingra.htm&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fleiwen.tripod.com%2Feingra.htm&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nathan Rosen str. 649 u djelu <i>Einstein: The Life and Times</i> Avon Books, New York 1971.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/einstein/peace/index.php">„Einstein&#160;: American Museum of Natural History”</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Einstein+%3A+American+Museum+of+Natural+History&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnh.org%2Fexhibitions%2Feinstein%2Fpeace%2Findex.php&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Einstein,&#32;Albert&#32;(1949).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monthlyreview.org/598einst.htm">„Zašto socijalizam?”</a>.&#32;Monthly Review<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 2006</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Za%C5%A1to+socijalizam%3F&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Einstein&amp;rft.aufirst=Albert&amp;rft.au=Einstein%2C%26%2332%3BAlbert&amp;rft.date=1949&amp;rft.pub=Monthly+Review&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.monthlyreview.org%2F598einst.htm&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Ken Gewertz&#32;(12.4. 2007).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2007/04/albert-einstein-civil-rights-activist/">„Albert Einstein, Civil Rights activist”</a>.&#32;Harvard Gazette.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Albert+Einstein%2C+Civil+Rights+activist&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Ken+Gewertz&amp;rft.au=Ken+Gewertz&amp;rft.date=12.4.+2007&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+Gazette&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.harvard.edu%2Fgazette%2Fstory%2F2007%2F04%2Falbert-einstein-civil-rights-activist%2F&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/einstein.htm">„FBI - Freedom of Information Privacy Act”</a>.&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040810044240/http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/einstein.htm">Arhivirano</a>&#32;iz originala&#32;na datum 2004-08-10<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 21. studenog 2005</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=FBI+-+Freedom+of+Information+Privacy+Act&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffoia.fbi.gov%2Ffoiaindex%2Feinstein.htm&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Calaprice str. 173. Postoje i druge, slične, verzije citata.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517201256/http://www.algemeiner.com/generic.asp?id=454">„Algemeiner.com - "Smrt modernog cionizma?" - Simon Jacobson”</a>.&#32;Arhivirano&#32;iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.algemeiner.com/generic.asp?id=454">originala</a>&#32;na datum 2008-05-17<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 2007-04-17</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Algemeiner.com+-+%22Smrt+modernog+cionizma%3F%22+-+Simon+Jacobson&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080517201256%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.algemeiner.com%2Fgeneric.asp%3Fid%3D454&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Letters to The Times New York Times. Decembar 4., 1948. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phys4.harvard.edu/~wilson/NYTimes1948.html">New Palestine Party Visit of Menachem Begin and Aims of Political Movement Discussed</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071217113044/http://phys4.harvard.edu/~wilson/NYTimes1948.html">Arhivirano</a> 2007-12-17 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722183129/http://www.einstein-website.de/z_information/variousthings.html#national">„Einsteinova državljanstva na einstein-website.de”</a>.&#32;Arhivirano&#32;iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.einstein-website.de/z_information/variousthings.html#national">originala</a>&#32;na datum 2011-07-22<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 4. listopada 2006</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Einsteinova+dr%C5%BEavljanstva+na+einstein-website.de&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110722183129%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.einstein-website.de%2Fz_information%2Fvariousthings.html%23national&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">npr. <i>The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History</i> - Michael H. Hart; 1992.; Citadel Press <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-8065-1350-0" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-8065-1350-0">0-8065-1350-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060221080452/http://www.time.com/time/time100/poc/magazine/albert_einstein5a.html">„TIME 100: Osoba stoljeća - Albert Einstein”</a>.&#32;Arhivirano&#32;iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/time100/poc/magazine/albert_einstein5a.html">originala</a>&#32;na datum 2006-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 2007-04-17</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=TIME+100%3A+Osoba+stolje%C4%87a+-+Albert+Einstein&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20060221080452%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Ftime100%2Fpoc%2Fmagazine%2Falbert_einstein5a.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051105050533/http://www.mentalfloss.com/archives/archive2003-03-14.htm">„mental_floss library”</a>.&#32;Arhivirano&#32;iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/573985/albert-einstein-facts">originala</a>&#32;na datum 2005-11-05<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 21. studenog 2005</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=mental_floss+library&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20051105050533%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.mentalfloss.com%2Farchives%2Farchive2003-03-14.htm&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See, i.e., <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2988647.stm">Einstein i Newton 'su imali autizam'</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Reprodukcija Einsteinove mature iz <i>Rosenkranza</i>, str. 29. Jedini predmet koji je pao bio je francuski jezik, gdje je imao ocjenu 3/6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopaedia Britannica. 15. izdanje. Knjiga 18. "Albert Einstein". str. 155</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Johnson, Maggie&#32;(2001.).&#32;<i>"The Selective Mutism Resource Manual"</i>.&#32;Speechmark.&#32;<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-86388-280-3" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-86388-280-3">0-86388-280-3</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%22The+Selective+Mutism+Resource+Manual%22&amp;rft.aulast=Johnson%2C+Maggie&amp;rft.au=Johnson%2C+Maggie&amp;rft.date=2001.&amp;rft.pub=Speechmark&amp;rft.isbn=0-86388-280-3&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051124013509/http://www.aecom.yu.edu/">„Medicinski fakultet Albert Einstein na Sveučilištu Yeshiva”</a>.&#32;Arhivirano&#32;iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aecom.yu.edu/">originala</a>&#32;na datum 2005-11-24<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 2007-04-17</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Medicinski+fakultet+Albert+Einstein+na+Sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1tu+Yeshiva&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20051124013509%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.aecom.yu.edu%2F&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080125040846/http://www.einstein.edu/facilities/aemc/">„Medicinski centar Albert Einstein”</a>.&#32;Arhivirano&#32;iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.einstein.edu/facilities/aemc/">originala</a>&#32;na datum 2008-01-25<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 2007-04-17</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Medicinski+centar+Albert+Einstein&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080125040846%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.einstein.edu%2Ffacilities%2Faemc%2F&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografija">Bibliografija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=30" title="Uredi odjeljak Bibliografija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Bibliografija"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41379810">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><span class="citation web">American Institute of Physics&#32;(1996).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051125123930/http://www.aip.org/history/einstein/index.html">„Einstein-Image and Impact”</a>.&#32;Arhivirano&#32;iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/history/einstein/index.html">originala</a>&#32;na datum 2005-11-25<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 25. 02. 2006</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Einstein-Image+and+Impact&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=American+Institute+of+Physics&amp;rft.au=American+Institute+of+Physics&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20051125123930%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.aip.org%2Fhistory%2Feinstein%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation web">Bodanis, David&#32;(June 2005).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/einstein/bodanis.html">„Einstein the Nobody”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 25. 02. 2006</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Einstein+the+Nobody&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Bodanis%2C+David&amp;rft.au=Bodanis%2C+David&amp;rft.date=June+2005&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fnova%2Feinstein%2Fbodanis.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFBolles,_Edmund_Blair2004"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Blair_Bolles&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund Blair Bolles (stranica ne postoji)">Bolles, Edmund Blair</a>&#32;(April 2004).&#32;<i>Einstein Defiant: Genius versus Genius in the Quantum Revolution</i>.&#32;National Academy Press.&#32;<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-309-08998-0" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-309-08998-0">0-309-08998-0</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Einstein+Defiant%3A+Genius+versus+Genius+in+the+Quantum+Revolution&amp;rft.aulast=%5B%5BEdmund+Blair+Bolles%7CBolles%2C+Edmund+Blair%5D%5D&amp;rft.au=%5B%5BEdmund+Blair+Bolles%7CBolles%2C+Edmund+Blair%5D%5D&amp;rft.date=April+2004&amp;rft.pub=National+Academy+Press&amp;rft.isbn=0-309-08998-0&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFBrian1996">Brian,&#32;Dennis&#32;(1996).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/einstein00deni"><i>Einstein: A Life</i></a>.&#32;New York: John Wiley &amp; Sons.&#32;<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-471-11459-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-471-11459-6">0-471-11459-6</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Einstein%3A+A+Life&amp;rft.aulast=Brian&amp;rft.aufirst=Dennis&amp;rft.au=Brian%2C%26%2332%3BDennis&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.pub=New+York%3A+John+Wiley+%26+Sons&amp;rft.isbn=0-471-11459-6&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feinstein00deni&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation web">Butcher, Sandra Ionno&#32;(March 2005).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061010130809/http://www.pugwash.org/publication/phs/phslist.htm">„The Origins of the Russell-Einstein Manifesto”</a>.&#32;Arhivirano&#32;iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pugwash.org/publication/phs/phslist.htm">originala</a>&#32;na datum 2006-10-10<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 2007-04-17</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+Russell-Einstein+Manifesto&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Butcher%2C+Sandra+Ionno&amp;rft.au=Butcher%2C+Sandra+Ionno&amp;rft.date=March+2005&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20061010130809%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.pugwash.org%2Fpublication%2Fphs%2Fphslist.htm&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFCalaprice2005">Calaprice,&#32;Alice&#32;(2005).&#32;<i>The new quotable Einstein</i>.&#32;Princeton University Press.&#32;str.&#160;p. 173.&#32;<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-691-12075-7" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-691-12075-7">0-691-12075-7</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+new+quotable+Einstein&amp;rft.aulast=Calaprice&amp;rft.aufirst=Alice&amp;rft.au=Calaprice%2C%26%2332%3BAlice&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3Bp.+173&amp;rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&amp;rft.isbn=0-691-12075-7&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFClark,_Ronald_W.1971"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_W._Clark&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronald W. Clark (stranica ne postoji)">Clark, Ronald W.</a>&#32;(1971).&#32;<i>Einstein: The Life and Times</i>.&#32;Avon.&#32;<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-380-44123-3" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-380-44123-3">0-380-44123-3</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Einstein%3A+The+Life+and+Times&amp;rft.aulast=%5B%5BRonald+W.+Clark%7CClark%2C+Ronald+W.%5D%5D&amp;rft.au=%5B%5BRonald+W.+Clark%7CClark%2C+Ronald+W.%5D%5D&amp;rft.date=1971&amp;rft.pub=Avon&amp;rft.isbn=0-380-44123-3&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation web">Crelinsten, Jeffrey&#32;(2006).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140828093308/http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/titles/8165.html">„Einstein's Jury: The Race to Test Relativity”</a>.&#32;Princeton University Press.&#32;Arhivirano&#32;iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/titles/8165.html">originala</a>&#32;na datum 2014-08-28<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 2007-04-17</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Einstein%27s+Jury%3A+The+Race+to+Test+Relativity&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Crelinsten%2C+Jeffrey&amp;rft.au=Crelinsten%2C+Jeffrey&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20140828093308%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.pupress.princeton.edu%2Ftitles%2F8165.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation Journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Galison&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Galison (stranica ne postoji)">Galison, Peter</a>&#32;(Winter 2000).&#32;„Einstein's Clocks: The Question of Time”.&#32;<i>Critical Inquiry</i>&#32;<b>26</b>&#32;(2): 355–389.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Einstein%27s+Clocks%3A+The+Question+of+Time&amp;rft.jtitle=Critical+Inquiry&amp;rft.aulast=Galison%2C+Peter&amp;rft.au=Galison%2C+Peter&amp;rft.date=Winter+2000&amp;rft.volume=26&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=355%E2%80%93389&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation web">Golden, Frederic&#32;(3. 1. 2000).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060221080452/http://www.time.com/time/time100/poc/magazine/albert_einstein5a.html">„Person of the Century: Albert Einstein”</a>.&#32;Arhivirano&#32;iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/time100/poc/magazine/albert_einstein5a.html">originala</a>&#32;na datum 2006-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 25. 2. 2006</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Person+of+the+Century%3A+Albert+Einstein&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Golden%2C+Frederic&amp;rft.au=Golden%2C+Frederic&amp;rft.date=3.+1.+2000&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20060221080452%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Ftime100%2Fpoc%2Fmagazine%2Falbert_einstein5a.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFHawking2005"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Hawking,&#32;Stephen</a>&#59;&#32;Mlodinow Leonards&#32;(2005).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brieferhistoryof00step">„6”</a>&#32;(English).&#32;<i>A Briefer History of Time</i>&#32;(1st izd.).&#32;New York:&#32;Bantam Books.&#32;str.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brieferhistoryof00step/page/44">44</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=6&amp;rft.atitle=A+Briefer+History+of+Time&amp;rft.aulast=Hawking&amp;rft.aufirst=Stephen&amp;rft.au=Hawking%2C%26%2332%3BStephen&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrieferhistoryof00step%2Fpage%2F44+44%5D&amp;rft.edition=1st&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Bantam+Books&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrieferhistoryof00step&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFHighfield,_Roger;_Carter,_Paul1993">Highfield, Roger; Carter, Paul&#32;(1993).&#32;<i>The Private Lives of Albert Einstein</i>.&#32;Faber and Faber, London, Boston.&#32;<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-571-17170-2" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-571-17170-2">0-571-17170-2</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Private+Lives+of+Albert+Einstein&amp;rft.aulast=Highfield%2C+Roger%3B+Carter%2C+Paul&amp;rft.au=Highfield%2C+Roger%3B+Carter%2C+Paul&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber%2C+London%2C+Boston&amp;rft.isbn=0-571-17170-2&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation web">Holt, Jim&#32;(February 2005).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/critics/atlarge/?050228crat_atlarge">„Time Bandits”</a>.&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121206012741/http://www.newyorker.com/critics/atlarge/?050228crat_atlarge">Arhivirano</a>&#32;iz originala&#32;na datum 2012-12-06<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 18. 03. 2006</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Time+Bandits&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Holt%2C+Jim&amp;rft.au=Holt%2C+Jim&amp;rft.date=February+2005&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fcritics%2Fatlarge%2F%3F050228crat_atlarge&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Home,&#32;Dipankar&#59;&#32;Whitaker,&#32;Andrew&#32;(2007).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.hr/books?id=CB4AOrraj-8C&amp;pg=PA142&amp;dq=einstein+schilpp+geiger&amp;hl=hr&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CBkQ6AEwAGoVChMIk6ej9eb2yAIVRBYsCh37xwV8#v=onepage&amp;q=einstein%20schilpp%20geiger&amp;f=false"><i>Einstein’s Struggles with Quantum Theory: A Reappraisal</i></a>.&#32;Springer Science &amp; Business Media.&#32;<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780387715209" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780387715209">9780387715209</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Einstein%E2%80%99s+Struggles+with+Quantum+Theory%3A+A+Reappraisal&amp;rft.aulast=Home&amp;rft.aufirst=Dipankar&amp;rft.au=Home%2C%26%2332%3BDipankar&amp;rft.au=Whitaker%2C%26%2332%3BAndrew&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&amp;rft.isbn=9780387715209&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.hr%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCB4AOrraj-8C%26pg%3DPA142%26dq%3Deinstein%2Bschilpp%2Bgeiger%26hl%3Dhr%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0CBkQ6AEwAGoVChMIk6ej9eb2yAIVRBYsCh37xwV8%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Deinstein%2520schilpp%2520geiger%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Keyes,&#32;Ralph&#32;(2007).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.hr/books?id=d6JZryGvfxYC&amp;pg=PA51&amp;dq=einstein+science+without+religion&amp;hl=hr&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=einstein%20science%20without%20religion&amp;f=false"><i>The Quote Verifier: Who Said What, Where, and When</i></a>.&#32;Macmillan.&#32;<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781429906173" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9781429906173">9781429906173</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Quote+Verifier%3A+Who+Said+What%2C+Where%2C+and+When&amp;rft.aulast=Keyes&amp;rft.aufirst=Ralph&amp;rft.au=Keyes%2C%26%2332%3BRalph&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.pub=Macmillan&amp;rft.isbn=9781429906173&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.hr%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd6JZryGvfxYC%26pg%3DPA51%26dq%3Deinstein%2Bscience%2Bwithout%2Breligion%26hl%3Dhr%26sa%3DX%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Deinstein%2520science%2520without%2520religion%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation web">Levenson, Thomas&#32;(June 2005).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/einstein/genius/">„Genius Among Geniuses”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 25. 02. 2006</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Genius+Among+Geniuses&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Levenson%2C+Thomas&amp;rft.au=Levenson%2C+Thomas&amp;rft.date=June+2005&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fnova%2Feinstein%2Fgenius%2F&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation web">„Brilliant Minds: Secrets of the Cosmos”.&#32;Boston.&#32;2003.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Brilliant+Minds%3A+Secrets+of+the+Cosmos&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.place=Boston&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation web">Martínez, Alberto A.&#32;(April 2004).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/17/4/2">„Arguing about Einstein's wife”</a>.&#32;Physics World<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Pristupljeno 23. 11. 2005</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Arguing+about+Einstein%27s+wife&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez%2C+Alberto+A.&amp;rft.au=Mart%C3%ADnez%2C+Alberto+A.&amp;rft.date=April+2004&amp;rft.pub=Physics+World&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysicsweb.org%2Farticles%2Fworld%2F17%2F4%2F2&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Pais&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abraham Pais (stranica ne postoji)">Pais, Abraham</a>&#32;(1982).&#32;<i>Subtle is the Lord. The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein</i>.&#32;Oxford:&#32;Oxford University Press.&#32;<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-19-520438-7" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-19-520438-7">0-19-520438-7</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Subtle+is+the+Lord.+The+Science+and+the+Life+of+Albert+Einstein&amp;rft.aulast=%5B%5BAbraham+Pais%7CPais%2C+Abraham%5D%5D&amp;rft.au=%5B%5BAbraham+Pais%7CPais%2C+Abraham%5D%5D&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.isbn=0-19-520438-7&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span> This is the definitive scientific biography.</li> <li><span class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Pais&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abraham Pais (stranica ne postoji)">Pais, Abraham</a>&#32;(1994).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/einsteinlivedher00pais"><i>Einstein Lived Here</i></a>.&#32;Oxford:&#32;<a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.&#32;<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-19-853994-0" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-19-853994-0">0-19-853994-0</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Einstein+Lived+Here&amp;rft.aulast=%5B%5BAbraham+Pais%7CPais%2C+Abraham%5D%5D&amp;rft.au=%5B%5BAbraham+Pais%7CPais%2C+Abraham%5D%5D&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pub=%5B%5BOxford+University+Press%5D%5D&amp;rft.isbn=0-19-853994-0&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feinsteinlivedher00pais&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span> This book discusses non-science aspects of Einstein; marriages, affairs, illegitimate daughter, public image.</li> <li><span class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clifford_A._Pickover&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Clifford A. Pickover (stranica ne postoji)">Pickover, Clifford A.</a>&#32;(2005).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sexdrugseinstein00clif"><i>Sex, Drugs, Einstein, and Elves: Sushi, Psychedelics, Parallel Universes, and the Quest for Transcendence</i></a>.&#32;Smart Publications.&#32;<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/1-890572-17-9" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/1-890572-17-9">1-890572-17-9</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sex%2C+Drugs%2C+Einstein%2C+and+Elves%3A+Sushi%2C+Psychedelics%2C+Parallel+Universes%2C+and+the+Quest+for+Transcendence&amp;rft.aulast=%5B%5BClifford+A.+Pickover%7CPickover%2C+Clifford+A.%5D%5D&amp;rft.au=%5B%5BClifford+A.+Pickover%7CPickover%2C+Clifford+A.%5D%5D&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.pub=Smart+Publications&amp;rft.isbn=1-890572-17-9&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsexdrugseinstein00clif&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span> Discusses the final disposition of Einstein's brain, hair, and eyes as well as the importance of Einstein and his work in the shaping of science and culture.</li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFRobinson,_Andrew2005"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Robinson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Robinson (stranica ne postoji)">Robinson, Andrew</a>&#32;(2005).&#32;<i>Einstein: A Hundred Years of Relativity</i>.&#32;Palazzo Editions.&#32;<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-9545103-4-8" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-9545103-4-8">0-9545103-4-8</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Einstein%3A+A+Hundred+Years+of+Relativity&amp;rft.aulast=%5B%5BAndrew+Robinson%7CRobinson%2C+Andrew%5D%5D&amp;rft.au=%5B%5BAndrew+Robinson%7CRobinson%2C+Andrew%5D%5D&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.pub=Palazzo+Editions&amp;rft.isbn=0-9545103-4-8&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Rosenkranz, Ze'ev&#32;(2005).&#32;<i>Albert Einstein — Derrière l'image</i>.&#32;Editions NZZ, Zürich.&#32;<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/3-03823-182-7" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/3-03823-182-7">3-03823-182-7</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Albert+Einstein+%E2%80%94+Derri%C3%A8re+l%27image&amp;rft.aulast=Rosenkranz%2C+Ze%27ev&amp;rft.au=Rosenkranz%2C+Ze%27ev&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.pub=Editions+NZZ%2C+Z%C3%BCrich&amp;rft.isbn=3-03823-182-7&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span> Copies of many of Einstein's original personal documents.</li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFSmith,_Peter_D.2000"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_D._Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter D. Smith (stranica ne postoji)">Smith, Peter D.</a>&#32;(2000).&#32;<i>Einstein (Life &amp; Times Series)</i>.&#32;Haus Publishing.&#32;<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/1-904341-15-2" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/1-904341-15-2">1-904341-15-2</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Einstein+%28Life+%26+Times+Series%29&amp;rft.aulast=%5B%5BPeter+D.+Smith%7CSmith%2C+Peter+D.%5D%5D&amp;rft.au=%5B%5BPeter+D.+Smith%7CSmith%2C+Peter+D.%5D%5D&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.pub=Haus+Publishing&amp;rft.isbn=1-904341-15-2&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFStachel,_John1998"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Stachel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Stachel (stranica ne postoji)">Stachel, John</a>&#32;(1998).&#32;<i>Einstein's Miraculous Year: Five Papers That Changed the Face of Physics</i>.&#32;Princeton University Press.&#32;<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-691-05938-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-691-05938-1">0-691-05938-1</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Einstein%27s+Miraculous+Year%3A+Five+Papers+That+Changed+the+Face+of+Physics&amp;rft.aulast=%5B%5BJohn+Stachel%7CStachel%2C+John%5D%5D&amp;rft.au=%5B%5BJohn+Stachel%7CStachel%2C+John%5D%5D&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&amp;rft.isbn=0-691-05938-1&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFStern,_Fritz1999"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fritz_Stern&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fritz Stern (stranica ne postoji)">Stern, Fritz</a>&#32;(1999).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/einsteinsgermanw0000ster"><i>Einstein's German World</i></a>.&#32;Princeton, N.J, Princeton University Press,.&#32;<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-691-05939-X" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-691-05939-X">0-691-05939-X</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Einstein%27s+German+World&amp;rft.aulast=%5B%5BFritz+Stern%7CStern%2C+Fritz%5D%5D&amp;rft.au=%5B%5BFritz+Stern%7CStern%2C+Fritz%5D%5D&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.pub=Princeton%2C+N.J%2C+Princeton+University+Press%2C&amp;rft.isbn=0-691-05939-X&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feinsteinsgermanw0000ster&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFThorne1995"><a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne,&#32;Kip</a>&#32;(1. 1. 1995).&#32;<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Holes_and_Time_Warps&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Black Holes and Time Warps (stranica ne postoji)">Black Holes and Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy</a></i>&#32;(Reprint edition izd.).&#32;W. W. Norton &amp; Company.&#32;<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-393-31276-3" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-393-31276-3">0-393-31276-3</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%5B%5BBlack+Holes+and+Time+Warps%7CBlack+Holes+and+Time+Warps%3A+Einstein%27s+Outrageous+Legacy%5D%5D&amp;rft.aulast=Thorne&amp;rft.aufirst=Kip&amp;rft.au=Thorne%2C%26%2332%3BKip&amp;rft.date=1.+1.+1995&amp;rft.edition=Reprint+edition&amp;rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&amp;rft.isbn=0-393-31276-3&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Albert_Einstein"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_veze">Vanjske veze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=31" title="Uredi odjeljak Vanjske veze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske veze"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="infobox sisterproject" style="width: 300px"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Albert_Einstein" title="commons:Category:Albert Einstein"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 20px;"><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Albert_Einstein" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></b></i> na <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica_-_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:Glavna stranica - Главна страница">Wikimedijinoj ostavi</a> </div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alberteinstein.info/">Albert Einstein archives</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811112756/http://www.alberteinstein.info/">Arhivirano</a> 2011-08-11 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/author/Albert+Einstein">Djela čiji je autor Albert Einstein</a> na <a href="/wiki/Projekt_Gutenberg" title="Projekt Gutenberg">Projektu Gutenberg</a></li> <li><i>Audio excerpts of famous speeches: </i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/time100/poc/audio/einstein1.ram">E=mc² and relativity</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="&#160;since August 2021" style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Mrtvi_eksterni_linkovi" title="Wikipedija:Mrtvi eksterni linkovi">mrtav link</a></i>&#93;</span></sup>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/time100/poc/audio/einstein2.ram">Impossibility of atomic energy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050415131730/http://www.time.com/time/time100/poc/audio/einstein2.ram">Arhivirano</a> 2005-04-15 na <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress-u</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/time100/poc/audio/einstein3.ram">arms race</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050415131729/http://www.time.com/time/time100/poc/audio/einstein3.ram">Arhivirano</a> 2005-04-15 na <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress-u</a> (from Time magazine archives)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBI" title="FBI">FBI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040810044240/http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/einstein.htm">FBI files</a>—investigation regarding affiliation with the Communist Party</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Institute_of_Physics&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="American Institute of Physics (stranica ne postoji)">American Institute of Physics</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/history/einstein/index.html">Albert Einstein</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051125123930/http://www.aip.org/history/einstein/index.html">Arhivirano</a> 2005-11-25 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a> includes life and work, audio files and full site as downloadable PDF for classroom use</li> <li>PBS <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/einstein/">PBS NOVA—Einstein</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adherents.com/people/pe/Albert_Einstein.html">Einstein's religious position</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070410131208/http://www.adherents.com/people/pe/Albert_Einstein.html">Arhivirano</a> 2007-04-10 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style 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class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dobitnici_Nobelove_nagrade_za_fiziku" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41556979">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/Razgovor_o_%C5%A1ablonu:Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku" title="Razgovor o šablonu:Nobelova nagrada za fiziku"><abbr title="Razgovarajte o šablonu" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-uredi"><a class="external text" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Uredite šablon" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dobitnici_Nobelove_nagrade_za_fiziku" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Dobitnici_Nobelove_nagrade_za_fiziku" title="Kategorija:Dobitnici Nobelove nagrade za fiziku">Dobitnici</a> <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">Nobelove nagrade za fiziku</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1901. – 1925.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1901. <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1902. <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Antoon Lorentz">Hendrik Antoon Lorentz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Pieter Zeeman</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1903. <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Henri_Becquerel" title="Antoine Henri Becquerel">Antoine Henri Becquerel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1904. <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt Rayleigh">Lord Rayleigh</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1905. <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" class="mw-redirect" title="Philipp Lenard">Philipp Lenard</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1906. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1907. <a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Albert A. Michelson</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1908. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Lippmann&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriel Lippmann (stranica ne postoji)">Gabriel Lippmann</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1909. <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Karl Ferdinand Braun</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1910. <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">Johannes Diderik van der Waals</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1911. <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wilhelm Wien</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1912. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustaf Dalén (stranica ne postoji)">Nils Gustaf Dalén</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1913. <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1914. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_von_Laue&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Max von Laue (stranica ne postoji)">Max von Laue</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1915. <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">William Henry Bragg</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">William Lawrence Bragg</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1917. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Glover_Barkla&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Glover Barkla (stranica ne postoji)">Charles Glover Barkla</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1918. <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1919. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Stark&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes Stark (stranica ne postoji)">Johannes Stark</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1920. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume (stranica ne postoji)">Charles Édouard Guillaume</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1921. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Albert Einstein</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1922. <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1923. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Robert Andrews Millikan</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1924. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manne_Siegbahn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Manne Siegbahn (stranica ne postoji)">Manne Siegbahn</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1925. <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Franck&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James Franck (stranica ne postoji)">James Franck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Gustav Hertz</a> </span></p> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1926. – 1950.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1926. <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Jean Baptiste Perrin</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1927. <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Holly_Compton" title="Arthur Holly Compton">Arthur Holly Compton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Charles Thomson Rees Wilson</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1928. <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">Owen Willans Richardson</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1929. <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">Louis de Broglie</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1930. <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Candrasekara_Venkata_Raman" title="Čandrasekara Venkata Raman">Čandrasekara Venkata Raman</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1932. <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Werner Heisenberg</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1933. <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1935. <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1936. <a href="/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess" title="Victor Franz Hess">Victor Franz Hess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Carl David Anderson</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1937. <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Joseph_Davisson" title="Clinton Joseph Davisson">Clinton Joseph Davisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">George Paget Thomson</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1938. <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1939. <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Orlando_Lawrence" title="Ernest Orlando Lawrence">Ernest Orlando Lawrence</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1943. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Stern&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Stern (stranica ne postoji)">Otto Stern</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1944. <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Isaac Rabi</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1945. <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1946. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Williams_Bridgman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Percy Williams Bridgman (stranica ne postoji)">Percy Williams Bridgman</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1947. <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Edward Victor Appleton</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1948. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Blackett&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Blackett (stranica ne postoji)">Patrick Blackett</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1949. <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Hideki Yukawa</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1950. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cecil_Frank_Powell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cecil Frank Powell (stranica ne postoji)">Cecil Frank Powell</a> </span></p> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1951. – 1975.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1951. <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Douglas_Cockcroft&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Douglas Cockcroft (stranica ne postoji)">John Douglas Cockcroft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Ernest Walton</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1952. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Felix_Bloch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Felix Bloch (stranica ne postoji)">Felix Bloch</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Mills_Purcell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Mills Purcell (stranica ne postoji)">Edward Mills Purcell</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1953. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frits_Zernike&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frits Zernike (stranica ne postoji)">Frits Zernike</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1954. <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walther_Bothe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Walther Bothe (stranica ne postoji)">Walther Bothe</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1955. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Willis_Lamb&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Willis Lamb (stranica ne postoji)">Willis Lamb</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polykarp_Kusch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Polykarp Kusch (stranica ne postoji)">Polykarp Kusch</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1956. <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" class="mw-redirect" title="William Shockley">William Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Walter Houser Brattain</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1957. <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C7%90_Zh%C3%A8ngd%C3%A0o&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lǐ Zhèngdào (stranica ne postoji)">Lǐ Zhèngdào</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C3%A1ng_Zh%C3%A8nn%C3%ADng&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yáng Zhènníng (stranica ne postoji)">Yáng Zhènníng</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1958. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pavel_Aleksejevi%C4%8D_%C4%8Cerenkov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pavel Aleksejevič Čerenkov (stranica ne postoji)">Pavel Čerenkov</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilja_Mihajlovi%C4%8D_Frank&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilja Mihajlovič Frank (stranica ne postoji)">Ilja Frank</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Igor_Tam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Igor Tam (stranica ne postoji)">Igor Tam</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1959. <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Owen_Chamberlain&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Owen Chamberlain (stranica ne postoji)">Owen Chamberlain</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1960. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_A._Glaser&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald A. Glaser (stranica ne postoji)">Donald A. Glaser</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1961. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hofstadter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hofstadter (stranica ne postoji)">Robert Hofstadter</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Mössbauer (stranica ne postoji)">Rudolf Mössbauer</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1962. <a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" class="mw-redirect" title="Lev Landau">Lev Landau</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1963. <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Wigner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Maria Goeppert-Mayer</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Hans_D._Jensen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Hans D. Jensen (stranica ne postoji)">J. Hans D. Jensen</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1964. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_H._Townes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles H. Townes (stranica ne postoji)">Charles H. Townes</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolaj_Basov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolaj Basov (stranica ne postoji)">Nikolaj Basov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Prohorov" title="Aleksandar Prohorov">Aleksandar Prohorov</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1965. <a href="/wiki/Shin%27ichir%C5%8D_Tomonaga" title="Shin&#39;ichirō Tomonaga">Shin'ichirō Tomonaga</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julian_Schwinger&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Julian Schwinger (stranica ne postoji)">Julian Schwinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard Feynman</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1966. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Kastler&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Kastler (stranica ne postoji)">Alfred Kastler</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1967. <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Hans Bethe</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1968. <a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Luis Walter Alvarez</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1969. <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1970. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hannes Alfvén (stranica ne postoji)">Hannes Alfvén</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_N%C3%A9el&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Néel (stranica ne postoji)">Louis Néel</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1971. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dennis_Gabor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dennis Gabor (stranica ne postoji)">Dennis Gabor</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1972. <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leon_Neil_Cooper" title="Leon Neil Cooper">Leon Neil Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">John Robert Schrieffer</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1973. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reona_Esaki&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Reona Esaki (stranica ne postoji)">Reona Esaki</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivar_Giaever&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivar Giaever (stranica ne postoji)">Ivar Giaever</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Josephsonson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Josephsonson (stranica ne postoji)">Brian Josephsonson</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1974. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Ryle&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Ryle (stranica ne postoji)">Martin Ryle</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antony_Hewish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Antony Hewish (stranica ne postoji)">Antony Hewish</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1975. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aage_Niels_Bohr&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aage Niels Bohr (stranica ne postoji)">Aage Niels Bohr</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ben_Roy_Mottelson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ben Roy Mottelson (stranica ne postoji)">Ben Roy Mottelson</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Rainwater&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James Rainwater (stranica ne postoji)">James Rainwater</a> </span></p> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1976. – 2000.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1976. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burton_Richter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Burton Richter (stranica ne postoji)">Burton Richter</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_C._C._Ting&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel C. C. Ting (stranica ne postoji)">Samuel C. C. Ting</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1977. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Warren_Anderson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Warren Anderson (stranica ne postoji)">Philip Warren Anderson</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nevill_Francis_Mott&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nevill Francis Mott (stranica ne postoji)">Nevill Francis Mott</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hasbrouck_van_Vleck&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Hasbrouck van Vleck (stranica ne postoji)">John Hasbrouck van Vleck</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1978. <a href="/wiki/Pjotr_Kapica" title="Pjotr Kapica">Pjotr Kapica</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arno_Allan_Penzias&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arno Allan Penzias (stranica ne postoji)">Arno Allan Penzias</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Robert Woodrow Wilson</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1979. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheldon_Lee_Glashow&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow (stranica ne postoji)">Sheldon Lee Glashow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1980. <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Cronin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James Cronin (stranica ne postoji)">James Cronin</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Val_Logsdon_Fitch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Val Logsdon Fitch (stranica ne postoji)">Val Logsdon Fitch</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1981. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolaas_Bloembergen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen (stranica ne postoji)">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow (stranica ne postoji)">Arthur Leonard Schawlow</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kai_Siegbahn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kai Siegbahn (stranica ne postoji)">Kai Siegbahn</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1982. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_G._Wilson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth G. Wilson (stranica ne postoji)">Kenneth G. Wilson</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1983. <a href="/wiki/Subramanijan_%C4%8Candrasekar" title="Subramanijan Čandrasekar">Subramanijan Čandrasekar</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Alfred_Fowler&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Alfred Fowler (stranica ne postoji)">William Alfred Fowler</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1984. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Rubbia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlo Rubbia (stranica ne postoji)">Carlo Rubbia</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_van_der_Meer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon van der Meer (stranica ne postoji)">Simon van der Meer</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1985. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaus_von_Klitzing&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaus von Klitzing (stranica ne postoji)">Klaus von Klitzing</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1986. <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ernst Ruska</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Gerd Binnig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Heinrich Rohrer</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1987. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Bednorz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Bednorz (stranica ne postoji)">Georg Bednorz</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Alexander Müller (stranica ne postoji)">Karl Alexander Müller</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1988. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon_M._Lederman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Leon M. Lederman (stranica ne postoji)">Leon M. Lederman</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Melvin_Schwartz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Melvin Schwartz (stranica ne postoji)">Melvin Schwartz</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Steinberger&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Steinberger (stranica ne postoji)">Jack Steinberger</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1989. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Foster_Ramsey_Jr.&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. (stranica ne postoji)">Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Georg_Dehmelt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt (stranica ne postoji)">Hans Georg Dehmelt</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Paul&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang Paul (stranica ne postoji)">Wolfgang Paul</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1990. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Isaac_Friedman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman (stranica ne postoji)">Jerome Isaac Friedman</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Way_Kendall&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Way Kendall (stranica ne postoji)">Henry Way Kendall</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_E._Taylor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard E. Taylor (stranica ne postoji)">Richard E. Taylor</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1991. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (stranica ne postoji)">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1992. <a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Georges Charpak</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1993. <a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Russell Alan Hulse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor_Jr." title="Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.">Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1994. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertram_Brockhouse&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bertram Brockhouse (stranica ne postoji)">Bertram Brockhouse</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clifford_Shull&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Clifford Shull (stranica ne postoji)">Clifford Shull</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1995. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Lewis_Perl&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Lewis Perl (stranica ne postoji)">Martin Lewis Perl</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Reines&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Reines (stranica ne postoji)">Frederick Reines</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1996. <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Morris_Lee&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Morris Lee (stranica ne postoji)">David Morris Lee</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Osheroff&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas Osheroff (stranica ne postoji)">Douglas Osheroff</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Coleman_Richardson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Coleman Richardson (stranica ne postoji)">Robert Coleman Richardson</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1997. <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Steven Chu</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (stranica ne postoji)">Claude Cohen-Tannoudji</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Daniel_Phillips&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Daniel Phillips (stranica ne postoji)">William Daniel Phillips</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1998. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_B._Laughlin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert B. Laughlin (stranica ne postoji)">Robert B. Laughlin</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer (stranica ne postoji)">Horst Ludwig Störmer</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_C._Tsui&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel C. Tsui (stranica ne postoji)">Daniel C. Tsui</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1999. <a href="/wiki/Gerardus_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerardus &#39;t Hooft">Gerardus 't Hooft</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martinus_J._G._Veltman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman (stranica ne postoji)">Martinus J. G. Veltman</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2000. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDores_Alfjorov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Žores Alfjorov (stranica ne postoji)">Žores Alfjorov</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Kroemer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Kroemer (stranica ne postoji)">Herbert Kroemer</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kilby&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Kilby (stranica ne postoji)">Jack Kilby</a> </span></p> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2001. – 2024.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2001. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Allin_Cornell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Allin Cornell (stranica ne postoji)">Eric Allin Cornell</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Ketterle&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang Ketterle (stranica ne postoji)">Wolfgang Ketterle</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Wieman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Wieman (stranica ne postoji)">Carl Wieman</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2002. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Davis_Jr.&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Davis Jr. (stranica ne postoji)">Raymond Davis Jr.</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masatoshi_Koshiba&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Masatoshi Koshiba (stranica ne postoji)">Masatoshi Koshiba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2003. <a href="/wiki/Aleksej_Abrikosov" title="Aleksej Abrikosov">Aleksej Abrikosov</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitalij_Ginzburg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitalij Ginzburg (stranica ne postoji)">Vitalij Ginzburg</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_James_Leggett&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony James Leggett (stranica ne postoji)">Anthony James Leggett</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2004. <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Gross&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Gross (stranica ne postoji)">David Gross</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_David_Politzer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh David Politzer (stranica ne postoji)">Hugh David Politzer</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Wilczek&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Wilczek (stranica ne postoji)">Frank Wilczek</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2005. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodor W. Hänsch (stranica ne postoji)">Theodor W. Hänsch</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_L._Hall&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John L. Hall (stranica ne postoji)">John L. Hall</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_J._Glauber&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roy J. Glauber (stranica ne postoji)">Roy J. Glauber</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2006. <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Mather&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John C. Mather (stranica ne postoji)">John C. Mather</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Smoot&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George Smoot (stranica ne postoji)">George Smoot</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2007. <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Albert Fert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Peter Grünberg</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2008. <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dichir%C5%8D_Nanbu" title="Yōichirō Nanbu">Yōichirō Nanbu</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makoto_Kobayashi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Makoto Kobayashi (stranica ne postoji)">Makoto Kobayashi</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toshihide_Masukawa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Toshihide Masukawa (stranica ne postoji)">Toshihide Masukawa</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2009. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_K._Kao&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles K. Kao (stranica ne postoji)">Charles K. Kao</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Willard_Boyle&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Willard Boyle (stranica ne postoji)">Willard Boyle</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_E._Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George E. Smith (stranica ne postoji)">George E. Smith</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2010. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andre_Geim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Andre Geim (stranica ne postoji)">Andre Geim</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstantin_Novoselov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstantin Novoselov (stranica ne postoji)">Konstantin Novoselov</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2011. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saul_Perlmutter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Saul Perlmutter (stranica ne postoji)">Saul Perlmutter</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Riess&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam Riess (stranica ne postoji)">Adam Riess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Brian Schmidt</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2012. <a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" title="David J. Wineland">David J. 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href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Peebles&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jim Peebles (stranica ne postoji)">Jim Peebles</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Mayor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Mayor (stranica ne postoji)">Michel Mayor</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Didier_Queloz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Didier Queloz (stranica ne postoji)">Didier Queloz</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2020. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Penrose&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Penrose (stranica ne postoji)">Roger Penrose</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_Genzel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Reinhard Genzel (stranica ne postoji)">Reinhard Genzel</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrea_Ghez&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrea Ghez (stranica ne postoji)">Andrea Ghez</a> &#160;<b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 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