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system and naming subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Numbering_system_and_naming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Turf_Wall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turf_Wall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Turf Wall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turf_Wall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cumbrian_Coast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cumbrian_Coast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Cumbrian Coast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cumbrian_Coast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Construction</span> </div> </a> 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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations:_Turf_Wall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Variations: Turf Wall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variations:_Turf_Wall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variations:_Cumbrian_Coast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations:_Cumbrian_Coast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Variations: Cumbrian Coast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variations:_Cumbrian_Coast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Height" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reconstructions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reconstructions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reconstructions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reconstructions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_turrets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_turrets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable turrets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_turrets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Small watch tower on Hadrian's Wall</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reconstruction_Turret_at_Vindolanda_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Reconstruction_Turret_at_Vindolanda_I.jpg/300px-Reconstruction_Turret_at_Vindolanda_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Reconstruction_Turret_at_Vindolanda_I.jpg/450px-Reconstruction_Turret_at_Vindolanda_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Reconstruction_Turret_at_Vindolanda_I.jpg/600px-Reconstruction_Turret_at_Vindolanda_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>A reconstructed Hadrian's Wall stone wall turret at <a href="/wiki/Vindolanda" title="Vindolanda">Vindolanda</a>, just to the south of the actual <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:130%;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_ancient_Rome" title="Military of ancient Rome">Military of ancient Rome</a> <div style="font-size:70%;font-weight:normal;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Founding_of_Rome" title="Founding of Rome">753 BC</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire" title="Fall of the Western Roman Empire">AD 476</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.45em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Structural_history_of_the_Roman_military" title="Structural history of the Roman military">Structural history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Roman_army" title="Roman army">Army</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_army_unit_types" title="List of Roman army unit types">Unit types and ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_military_decorations_and_punishments" title="Roman military decorations and punishments">Decorations and punishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_legions" title="List of Roman legions">Legions</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auxilia" title="Auxilia">Auxilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_generals" title="List of Roman generals">Generals</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Roman_navy" title="Roman navy">Navy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> 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class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Technological_history_of_the_Roman_military" title="Technological history of the Roman military">Technological history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Roman_military_engineering" title="Roman military engineering">Military engineering</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Castra" title="Castra">Castra</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_siege_engines" title="Roman siege engines">Siege engines</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_triumphal_arches" title="List of Roman triumphal arches">Triumphal arches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_roads" title="Roman roads">Roads</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.45em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_Roman_military" title="Political history of the Roman military">Political history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="font-size:50%;line-height:0.5em;"> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.45em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Strategy_of_the_Roman_military" title="Strategy of the Roman military">Strategy and tactics</a></div><div 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style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">Limes</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_defensive_walls" title="Ancient Roman defensive walls">Walls</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Limes_Britannicus" title="Limes Britannicus">Limes Britannicus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonine_Wall" title="Antonine Wall">Antonine Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxon_Shore" title="Saxon Shore">Saxon Shore</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Limes_Germanicus" title="Limes Germanicus">Limes Germanicus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alb_Limes" title="Alb Limes">Alb 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href="/wiki/Pannonian_Limes" title="Pannonian Limes">Pannonian Limes</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limes_Alutanus" title="Limes Alutanus">Limes Alutanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_Moesiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Limes Moesiae">Limes Moesiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Wall" title="Trajan's Wall">Trajan's Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasian_Wall" title="Anastasian Wall">Anastasian Wall</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Dykes" title="Devil's Dykes">Limes Sarmatiae</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Limes_Arabicus" title="Limes Arabicus">Limes Arabicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Limes_Tripolitanus" title="Limes Tripolitanus">Limes Tripolitanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Limes_Mauretaniae" title="Limes Mauretaniae">Limes Mauretaniae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SPQRomani.svg/32px-SPQRomani.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SPQRomani.svg/48px-SPQRomani.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SPQRomani.svg/64px-SPQRomani.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="931" data-file-height="548" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Rome" title="Portal:Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Rome_military_sidebar" title="Template:Ancient Rome military sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Rome_military_sidebar" title="Template talk:Ancient Rome military sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Rome_military_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Rome military sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>turret</b> was a small watch tower, incorporated into the curtain wall of <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a>. The turrets were normally spaced at intervals of one third of a <a href="/wiki/Mile#Roman_mile" title="Mile">Roman mile</a> (equivalent to 495 metres (541 yd)) between <a href="/wiki/Milecastle" title="Milecastle">Milecastles</a>, giving two Turrets between each Milecastle.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook12_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook12-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Numbering_system_and_naming">Numbering system and naming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turret_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Numbering system and naming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the numbering system introduced by <a href="/wiki/John_Collingwood_Bruce" title="John Collingwood Bruce">John Collingwood Bruce</a> in 1930, Turrets were numbered after the Milecastle located to the east of the turret. The nearest turret to the milecastle is suffixed by 'A', and the other turret by 'B'. For example, travelling west from <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_33" title="Milecastle 33">Milecastle 33</a>, the first Turret encountered would be <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_33#Turret_33A" title="Milecastle 33">Turret 33A</a>, and the second would be <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_33#Turret_33B" title="Milecastle 33">Turret 33B</a>. Both lower and upper case 'A' and 'B' suffixes are in widespread use, and the full name is often abbreviated to (for example) 'T33a'.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook12_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook12-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many turrets also have a name, which is often shown in brackets following the number. For example, <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_26#Turret_26B" title="Milecastle 26">Brunton Turret</a> is often referred to as 'Turret 26B (Brunton)'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turf_Wall">Turf Wall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turret_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Turf Wall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Where the <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall#Turf_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Turf Wall</a> and Stone Walls diverge from one another (just to the east of <a href="/wiki/Banna_(Birdoswald)" title="Banna (Birdoswald)">Birdoswald</a>), Milecastles and Turrets unique to the Turf Wall are given a 'TW' suffix, for example 'T50bTW'.<sup id="cite_ref-research_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-research-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A suffix of 'SW' may also be used to uniquely identify a turret as belonging to the 'Stone Wall'.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook12_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook12-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cumbrian_Coast">Cumbrian Coast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turret_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cumbrian Coast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Hadrian's Wall itself ended (at its western terminus) just beyond the fort of <a href="/wiki/Mais_(Bowness)" title="Mais (Bowness)">Maia</a> at the modern village of <a href="/wiki/Bowness-on-Solway" title="Bowness-on-Solway">Bowness-on-Solway</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbrian</a> coast,<sup id="cite_ref-handbook371_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook371-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the system of milecastles and turrets continued beyond this point, along the west coast as far as <a href="/wiki/Flimby" title="Flimby">Flimby</a>, with comparable spacing. However, the nomenclature adopted for the coastal Milecastle equivalent is 'Milefortlet', and the equivalent of the turret is here called a <b>Tower</b>. The numbering system adopted for the towers along the Cumbrian Coast is (for example) <a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_21#Tower_21A" title="Milefortlet 21">'T21a CC'</a> (the 'CC' suffix meaning 'Cumbrian Coast'),<sup id="cite_ref-handbook12_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook12-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the CC suffix is often not used if the reference is clear from the context, so care must be taken not to confuse (for example) 'T21a' meaning 'Turret 21a', and 'T21a' meaning 'Tower 21a'. </p><p>The first referenced tower is <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_80#Tower_0a" title="Milecastle 80">'T0a CC'</a> (just to the west of the Bowness on Solway), and the last is <a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_25#Tower_25b" title="Milefortlet 25">'T25b CC'</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook375_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook375-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turret_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plan">Plan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turret_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turret_Plan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Turret_Plan.png/220px-Turret_Plan.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Turret_Plan.png/330px-Turret_Plan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Turret_Plan.png/440px-Turret_Plan.png 2x" data-file-width="1428" data-file-height="1028" /></a><figcaption>Typical layout of stone wall turret</figcaption></figure> <p>Turrets were constructed of mortared stone (the exception being <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_19#Turret_19B" title="Milecastle 19">Turret 19B</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19B_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19B-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which used clay). They were built to a square plan, usually around 20 Roman feet along a side, which is equivalent to 19 feet (5.8 m).<sup id="cite_ref-handbook68_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook68-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence suggests that the floors were originally clay (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_7#Turret_7B" title="Milecastle 7">Turret 7B</a><sup id="cite_ref-7B_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7B-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_10#Turret_10A" title="Milecastle 10">Turret 10A</a><sup id="cite_ref-10A_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10A-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), or clay and <a href="/wiki/Mortar_(masonry)" title="Mortar (masonry)">mortar</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_25#Turret_25B" title="Milecastle 25">Turret 25B</a><sup id="cite_ref-25B_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25B-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_26#Turret_26A" title="Milecastle 26">Turret 26A</a><sup id="cite_ref-26A_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26A-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). In many cases, later repairs to the floor had been made, either with stone (e.g. Turret 26A<sup id="cite_ref-26A_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26A-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), or with <a href="/wiki/Flagstone" title="Flagstone">flagstones</a> (e.g. Turret 7B<sup id="cite_ref-7B_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7B-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Many turrets' floors had undergone subsequent (sometimes multiple) resurfacing, in some cases with sand (e.g. Turret 26A<sup id="cite_ref-26A_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26A-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and in some cases with flagstones (also Turret 26A<sup id="cite_ref-26A_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26A-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_51#Turret_51B" title="Milecastle 51">Turret 51B</a> was found to have had straw as a floor covering,<sup id="cite_ref-51B_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51B-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as had <a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_16#Tower_16B" title="Milefortlet 16">Tower 16B</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CC16B_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CC16B-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An access doorway was provided in the south wall (the east wall is the equivalent on the Cumbria Coast) of the turret, located either at the east or western end. These contained an outward opening door, above a stone threshold. Two threshold types have been identified: <a href="/wiki/Monolithic_architecture" title="Monolithic architecture">monolithic</a>, or cut from a number of stones. Keys have been found at two of the towers along the Cumbrian Coast, but at no other turret.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook68_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook68-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The remains of <a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">hearths</a> have been found in many turrets, though (unlike milecastles) no remains of ovens have been found. These were in no fixed position, and in some cases had been moved to different locations over time (e.g. Turret 10A),<sup id="cite_ref-10A_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10A-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usually corresponding with a renewal of the floor.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook68_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook68-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In at least one case (<a href="/wiki/Milecastle_18#Turret_18B" title="Milecastle 18">Turret 18B</a>), the temperature at which the hearth had been operated, together with other finds at the site, suggested that the turret had been used as a <a href="/wiki/Workshop" title="Workshop">workshop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18B_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18B-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several turrets have been identified that had paths leading to the door.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook68_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook68-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Variations:_Stone_Wall">Variations: Stone Wall</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turret_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Variations: Stone Wall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the stone wall, (in the same way as Milecastles,) additional structures known as <b>Wing Walls</b> were incorporated on the east and west side, allowing bonding to the curtain wall. This is interpreted as evidence that turrets (and milecastles) were constructed before the curtain wall. Where turrets were built with the intention of bonding to a broad gauge curtain wall, they were given broad wing walls. However, there are many cases where the curtain wall actually constructed was of narrow gauge, giving a <b>point of reduction</b> where the curtain wall and turret wing walls join. To facilitate bonding with the curtain wall, wing walls were constructed longer at the base, and stepping inwards as they were built upwards. Turrets thought to have been constructed later in the plan were built with much shorter wing walls.<sup id="cite_ref-34A_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34A-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Excepting the north wall, which is always thicker than the other three, two widths of turret wall have been identified: 2.5 feet (0.76 m), and 3.5 feet (1.1 m) thick (approx.), the thinner gauge often has an offset above the second <a href="/wiki/Course_(architecture)" title="Course (architecture)">course</a>. The access doorways provided in the south wall of the turret were located either at the east or western ends of the south wall, though for those stone wall turrets with the thicker walls, only doorways at the eastern end have been located. This gives three turret types, based on wall thickness and door position:<sup id="cite_ref-handbook68_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook68-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Narrower walls and an eastern door</li> <li>Narrower walls and a western door</li> <li>Broader walls and an eastern door</li></ul> <p>There is inconclusive evidence that the three turret types correspond to the three <a href="/wiki/Legio" title="Legio">legions</a> known to have been involved with the construction of the wall, as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-handbook68_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook68-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Wall</th> <th>Door Position</th> <th>Possible Responsible Legion </th></tr> <tr> <td>Narrow</td> <td>East</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legio_VI_Victrix" title="Legio VI Victrix">Legio VI Victrix</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Narrow</td> <td>West</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legio_XX_Valeria_Victrix" title="Legio XX Valeria Victrix">Legio XX Valeria Victrix</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Broad</td> <td>East</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legio_II_Augusta" title="Legio II Augusta">Legio II Augusta</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the other interior southern corner of the turret from the doorway, a stone platform was often built (thought to be secondary additions).<sup id="cite_ref-handbook68_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook68-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hw36_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hw36-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The length of these structures varied between 7 feet (2.1 m) and 8 feet (2.4 m), the width was 3 feet (0.91 m),<sup id="cite_ref-handbook68_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook68-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the height (based on evidence from <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_18#Turret_18A" title="Milecastle 18">Turret 18A</a>) was nearly 3 feet (0.91 m).<sup id="cite_ref-18A_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18A-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no evident purpose for this structure, though the presence of four or five steps in some cases (where they have survived) suggests a possible platform for a <a href="/wiki/Ladder" title="Ladder">ladder</a> to access an upper floor.<sup id="cite_ref-hw36_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hw36-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turret_Plan_(Turf_Wall).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Turret_Plan_%28Turf_Wall%29.jpg/220px-Turret_Plan_%28Turf_Wall%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Turret_Plan_%28Turf_Wall%29.jpg/330px-Turret_Plan_%28Turf_Wall%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Turret_Plan_%28Turf_Wall%29.jpg/440px-Turret_Plan_%28Turf_Wall%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1269" data-file-height="927" /></a><figcaption>Plan of typical Turf Wall turret</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_plinth_course_of_Turret_58A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/The_plinth_course_of_Turret_58A.jpg/220px-The_plinth_course_of_Turret_58A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/The_plinth_course_of_Turret_58A.jpg/330px-The_plinth_course_of_Turret_58A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/The_plinth_course_of_Turret_58A.jpg/440px-The_plinth_course_of_Turret_58A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Photograph showing the plinth course on the outer north wall of <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_52#Turret_52A" title="Milecastle 52">Turret 52A</a> (Banks East).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Variations:_Turf_Wall">Variations: Turf Wall</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turret_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Variations: Turf Wall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turrets built for the turf wall (unlike Milecastles built for the turf wall) were built of stone, though no wing walls were required for bonding to the turf wall. The turret walls themselves were thicker on the north and south walls, though the thickness reduced at a plinth course, presumably due to the slope of the turf wall.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook68_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook68-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nothing equivalent to the platforms have been discovered against the south walls, though many have a low stone dais against the north wall. No evidence of steps associated with these structures has been found.<sup id="cite_ref-hw36_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hw36-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Variations:_Cumbrian_Coast">Variations: Cumbrian Coast</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turret_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Variations: Cumbrian Coast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The towers of the Cumbrian Coast fortifications, like those on the turf wall, lacked wing walls (having no substantial curtain with which to bond). </p><p>Platforms, like those on the stone wall, have been found in two of the towers, along with evidence of steps. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure">Structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turret_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because only the lower courses of any turret currently exist, and no definitive description exists, the exact structure of the turrets on Hadrian's Wall is not known. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Height">Height</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turret_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Height"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The favoured value for the height of a turret is around 9 metres (30 ft) to the viewing platform. This was within the capabilities of the Roman engineers, and could be supported by the observed <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(engineering)" title="Foundation (engineering)">foundations</a>, despite these foundations being significantly less deep than those used for the earlier <a href="/wiki/Pike_Hill_Signal_Tower" title="Pike Hill Signal Tower">Pike Hill Signal Tower</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook68_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook68-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hw36_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hw36-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:005_Conrad_Cichorius,_Die_Reliefs_der_Traianss%C3%A4ule,_Tafel_V_(Ausschnitt_01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/005_Conrad_Cichorius%2C_Die_Reliefs_der_Traianss%C3%A4ule%2C_Tafel_V_%28Ausschnitt_01%29.jpg/260px-005_Conrad_Cichorius%2C_Die_Reliefs_der_Traianss%C3%A4ule%2C_Tafel_V_%28Ausschnitt_01%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/005_Conrad_Cichorius%2C_Die_Reliefs_der_Traianss%C3%A4ule%2C_Tafel_V_%28Ausschnitt_01%29.jpg/390px-005_Conrad_Cichorius%2C_Die_Reliefs_der_Traianss%C3%A4ule%2C_Tafel_V_%28Ausschnitt_01%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/005_Conrad_Cichorius%2C_Die_Reliefs_der_Traianss%C3%A4ule%2C_Tafel_V_%28Ausschnitt_01%29.jpg/520px-005_Conrad_Cichorius%2C_Die_Reliefs_der_Traianss%C3%A4ule%2C_Tafel_V_%28Ausschnitt_01%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1252" /></a><figcaption>An image from near the base of <a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Column" title="Trajan's Column">Trajan's Column</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, showing signal towers surrounded by sharpened stakes, and displaying flaming beacons.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman.Watchtower.WP-4-49.Grueningen.01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Roman.Watchtower.WP-4-49.Grueningen.01.JPG/260px-Roman.Watchtower.WP-4-49.Grueningen.01.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Roman.Watchtower.WP-4-49.Grueningen.01.JPG/390px-Roman.Watchtower.WP-4-49.Grueningen.01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Roman.Watchtower.WP-4-49.Grueningen.01.JPG/520px-Roman.Watchtower.WP-4-49.Grueningen.01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A reconstructed Roman Watchtower near the village of Grüningen in Germany. This is one possible design for Hadrian's Wall turrets, though clay tiles are less likely than slates or wooden <a href="/wiki/Wood_shingle" title="Wood shingle">shingles</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roof">Roof</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turret_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Roof"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To an extent, a turret's height would be influenced by the design of the roof. Both the <a href="/wiki/Rudge_Cup" title="Rudge Cup">Rudge Cup</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rudge_Cup#Amiens_Skillet" title="Rudge Cup">Amiens Skillet</a> exhibit a design indicative of Hadrian's Wall. Incorporated within the design are features thought to represent turrets, and these are shown with a <a href="/wiki/Battlement" title="Battlement">crenellated</a> area around the top. This design would require a viewing platform probably of flagstones, but these would lead to inherent difficulties in keeping the turret's interior dry, especially in the wetter climate of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-hw36_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hw36-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flagstones have been found in some turrets (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_29#Turret_29B" title="Milecastle 29">Turret 29B</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29B_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29B-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_34#Turret_34A" title="Milecastle 34">Turret 34A</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-34A_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34A-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_44#Turret_44B" title="Milecastle 44">Turret 44B</a><sup id="cite_ref-44B_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44B-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). These flags were 30 centimetres (0.98 ft) square by around 8 centimetres (3.1 in) thick. </p><p>Another possible design for the roof is suggested by the slightly earlier <a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Column" title="Trajan's Column">Trajan's Column</a>, where watchtowers are shown with <a href="/wiki/Hip_roof" title="Hip roof">hipped (or pyramidal)</a> roofs. In this design, a balcony is shown below the roof, acting as the observation platform. To maintain the equivalent viewing height as the flat roofed design, this design would necessitate a slightly higher tower. Physical evidence supporting this design comes in the form of both roof tiles fragments in a few turrets, and slates in some others.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook68_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook68-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lack of physical evidence has led to suggestions that shingle or thatch could have been used, neither of which would leave significant physical remains. Similarly, timber roofs secured with wooden pegs may also have rotted away.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook68_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook68-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A similar design incorporating a <a href="/wiki/Gable" title="Gable">gabled roof</a> has also been suggested.<sup id="cite_ref-hw36_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hw36-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Windows">Windows</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turret_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Windows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nothing is known about the presence of windows in turrets, though window glass has been found in five of them. Also suggesting the presence of windows are accumulations of occupation debris (e.g. pottery) just outside the centre of the east wall of <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_7#Turret_7B" title="Milecastle 7">Turret 7B</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7B_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7B-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar accumulations were found beside the west wall of <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_25#Turret_25B" title="Milecastle 25">Turret 25B</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25B_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25B-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occupation">Occupation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turret_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phases_of_occupation">Phases of occupation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turret_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Phases of occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The occupation of the turrets seems to have occurred in distinct phases. The first was the initial occupation immediately after construction (from 122 AD onwards), and remained in use after the construction of forts along the wall line. As with many of the Wall's defences, the turrets were abandoned in favour of the <a href="/wiki/Antonine_Wall" title="Antonine Wall">Antonine Wall</a> around 142 AD. During this period of abandonment, many turrets were robbed of building stone, possibly by the remaining Roman garrisons. </p><p>On withdrawal from the Antonine Wall (around 162 AD), all turrets appear to have been extensively rebuilt (where robbing had taken place) and reoccupied. It was at this time that the Turf Wall was rebuilt in stone, and so new turrets were built on the realigned stretch west of <a href="/wiki/Banna_(Birdoswald)" title="Banna (Birdoswald)">Birdoswald</a>. Very few, if any, of the towers on the Cumbrian coast were reoccupied at this time. Any that may have been are likely to have been abandoned in 180 AD along with much of the rest of the Cumbrian Coastal defences. </p><p>During the phase of occupation from 160 AD, a number of turrets fell out of use, and their doorways were blocked up. In the latter part of the second century, or early part of the third century, turrets in the central section of the stone wall (between Turrets <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_33#Turret_33B" title="Milecastle 33">33B</a><sup id="cite_ref-33B_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33B-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_41#Turret_41B" title="Milecastle 41">41B</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-41B_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41B-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many others) were abandoned and demolished. During this process, the turret recess was filled in, presumably to remove a possible point of structural weakness. </p><p>Following the second century abandonment, there was a further and gradual abandonment of further turrets through the third century, with very few remaining in use into the fourth century. Late fourth century pottery has only been found at <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_7#Turret_7B" title="Milecastle 7">Turret 7B</a><sup id="cite_ref-7B_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7B-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, although inconclusive evidence of occupation, a coin of <a href="/wiki/Valens" title="Valens">Valens</a> was found at <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_44#Turret_44B" title="Milecastle 44">Turret 44B</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44B_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44B-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purpose_and_Usage">Purpose and Usage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turret_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Purpose and Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is no direct evidence of how the turrets were used, or what purpose they were intended to serve; however, it can be presumed that they were to provide regular observation posts. It is clear that the structures also provided temporary accommodation for <a href="/wiki/Legionary" title="Legionary">soldiers</a> manning them, though there is no evidence that the soldiers slept in them. It is more probable that they were based in the milecastles or forts, and manned the turrets in rotation. Given the presumed requirement to provide a reliable 24-hour watch, limited by the size of the structure, it is supposed that there may have been four to six soldiers stationed at a turret at any one time. </p><p>Despite the lack of an oven (like those found in milecastles), it is clear from finds, including <a href="/wiki/Quernstone" class="mw-redirect" title="Quernstone">quernstones</a>, mixing bowls, cooking pots, jars and <a href="/wiki/Amphora" title="Amphora">amphorae</a>, that the soldiers cooked and ate there. Understandably, gaming boards and counters are regularly found. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reconstructions">Reconstructions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turret_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Reconstructions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A reconstruction stone wall turret (with flat roof and crenellated viewing platform) has been built as part of the stone wall reconstruction at <a href="/wiki/Vindolanda" title="Vindolanda">Vindolanda</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_turrets">Notable turrets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turret_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notable turrets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Denton_Hall_Turret_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Denton_Hall_Turret_interior.jpg/220px-Denton_Hall_Turret_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Denton_Hall_Turret_interior.jpg/330px-Denton_Hall_Turret_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Denton_Hall_Turret_interior.jpg/440px-Denton_Hall_Turret_interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The remains of <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_7#Turret_7B" title="Milecastle 7">Turret 7B</a> (Denton Hall)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Turret 7B (Denton Hall Turret or Denton Turret)</b> is the most easterly extant turret. It stands up to six courses high and is made from sandstone. The turret was placed under English Heritage guardianship by 1971. It, and the attached wall, are maintained as a single property by English Heritage (known as "Denton Hall Turret"). The organisation operates the property as an open access site with no entrance fees.<sup id="cite_ref-7B_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7B-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Turret 25B (St Oswald's)</b> is mainly notable as being one of the turrets showing evidence of a window, but also for the remains of 50 flagons found there.<sup id="cite_ref-25B_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25B-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turret_26b_(Brunton)_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1220036.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Remains of Brunton Turret" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Turret_26b_%28Brunton%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1220036.jpg/220px-Turret_26b_%28Brunton%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1220036.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Turret_26b_%28Brunton%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1220036.jpg/330px-Turret_26b_%28Brunton%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1220036.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Turret_26b_%28Brunton%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1220036.jpg/440px-Turret_26b_%28Brunton%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1220036.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The remains of Turret 26B (<a href="/wiki/Milecastle_26#Turret_26B" title="Milecastle 26">Brunton Turret</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Turret 26B (Brunton)</b> is the turret with the highest standing remains, being up to 2.8 metres (9.2 ft) high. It forms part of a 69 metres (226 ft) extant section of Hadrian's Wall.<sup id="cite_ref-26B_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26B-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Turret 27A</b> was demolished soon after construction to allow the construction of Cilurnum (Chesters Roman Fort). Therefore, only its foundations exist, underlying the remains of the fort. They are located immediately to the east of the northwest corner of the fort's principia (headquarters block).<sup id="cite_ref-27A_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27A-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Turret 29B (Limestone Bank)</b> remains as a low earthwork, turf covered with little (if any) visible masonry. The track connecting the turret to the Military Way can also be discerned. When excavated, roofing slabs (many pierced by nails) were found.<sup id="cite_ref-29B_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29B-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turret_33b_-_geograph.org.uk_-_592683.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Turret_33b_-_geograph.org.uk_-_592683.jpg/220px-Turret_33b_-_geograph.org.uk_-_592683.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Turret_33b_-_geograph.org.uk_-_592683.jpg/330px-Turret_33b_-_geograph.org.uk_-_592683.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Turret_33b_-_geograph.org.uk_-_592683.jpg/440px-Turret_33b_-_geograph.org.uk_-_592683.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The remains of <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_33#Turret_33B" title="Milecastle 33">Turret 33B</a> (Coesike)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Turret 33B (Coesike)</b> has been exposed, and consolidated to a maximum height of 1.1 metres (3.6 ft), and extensive archeological work has been carried out on it. It shows clear evidence of the phases of occupation, including abandonment in favour of the Antonine Wall, demolition in the late second century, when the recess was filled. It is accessible from the Hadrian's Wall Path.<sup id="cite_ref-33B_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33B-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turret_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-handbook12-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-handbook12_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-handbook12_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-handbook12_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-handbook12_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBreeze1934" class="citation cs2">Breeze, David J (1934), <i>Handbook to the Roman Wall (14th Revised edition - Nov 2006)</i>, Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne, p. 12, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0901082651" title="Special:BookSources/0901082651"><bdi>0901082651</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+to+the+Roman+Wall+%2814th+Revised+edition+-+Nov+2006%29&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Society+of+Antiquaries+of+Newcastle+upon+Tyne&rft.date=1934&rft.isbn=0901082651&rft.aulast=Breeze&rft.aufirst=David+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-research-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-research_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilmott2009" class="citation cs2">Wilmott, Tony, ed. (15 November 2009), "6 Excavations on the Hadrian's Wall Fort of Birdoswald 1996-2000", <i>Hadrian’s Wall: Archaeological research by English Heritage 1976-2000</i>, <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a>, p. 205, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781905624713" title="Special:BookSources/9781905624713"><bdi>9781905624713</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=6+Excavations+on+the+Hadrian%27s+Wall+Fort+of+Birdoswald+1996-2000&rft.btitle=Hadrian%E2%80%99s+Wall%3A+Archaeological+research+by+English+Heritage+1976-2000&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=English+Heritage&rft.date=2009-11-15&rft.isbn=9781905624713&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-handbook371-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-handbook371_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreeze1934" class="citation cs2">Breeze, David J (1934), <i>Handbook to the Roman Wall (14th Revised edition - Nov 2006)</i>, Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne, p. 371, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0901082651" title="Special:BookSources/0901082651"><bdi>0901082651</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+to+the+Roman+Wall+%2814th+Revised+edition+-+Nov+2006%29&rft.pages=371&rft.pub=Society+of+Antiquaries+of+Newcastle+upon+Tyne&rft.date=1934&rft.isbn=0901082651&rft.aulast=Breeze&rft.aufirst=David+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-handbook375-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-handbook375_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreeze1934" class="citation cs2">Breeze, David J (1934), <i>Handbook to the Roman Wall (14th Revised edition - Nov 2006)</i>, Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne, pp. 375–408, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0901082651" title="Special:BookSources/0901082651"><bdi>0901082651</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+to+the+Roman+Wall+%2814th+Revised+edition+-+Nov+2006%29&rft.pages=375-408&rft.pub=Society+of+Antiquaries+of+Newcastle+upon+Tyne&rft.date=1934&rft.isbn=0901082651&rft.aulast=Breeze&rft.aufirst=David+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19B-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19B_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England20461" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=20461&resourceID=19191">"Turret 19B (20461)"</a>. <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Turret+19B+%2820461%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D20461%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-handbook68-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-handbook68_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-handbook68_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-handbook68_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-handbook68_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-handbook68_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-handbook68_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-handbook68_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-handbook68_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-handbook68_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-handbook68_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-handbook68_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-handbook68_6-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreeze1934" class="citation cs2">Breeze, David J (1934), <i>Handbook to the Roman Wall (14th Revised edition - Nov 2006)</i>, Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne, pp. 68–73, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0901082651" title="Special:BookSources/0901082651"><bdi>0901082651</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+to+the+Roman+Wall+%2814th+Revised+edition+-+Nov+2006%29&rft.pages=68-73&rft.pub=Society+of+Antiquaries+of+Newcastle+upon+Tyne&rft.date=1934&rft.isbn=0901082651&rft.aulast=Breeze&rft.aufirst=David+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7B-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-7B_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-7B_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-7B_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-7B_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-7B_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England22648" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=22648&resourceID=19191">"Turret 7B (22648)"</a>. <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Turret+7B+%2822648%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D22648%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10A-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-10A_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-10A_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England22678" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=22678&resourceID=19191">"Turret 10A (22678)"</a>. <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Turret+10A+%2822678%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D22678%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25B-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-25B_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-25B_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-25B_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England18288" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=18288&resourceID=19191">"Turret 25B (18288)"</a>. <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Turret+25B+%2818288%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D18288%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26A-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-26A_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-26A_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-26A_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-26A_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England18294" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=18294&resourceID=19191">"Turret 26A (18294)"</a>. <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Turret+26A+%2818294%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D18294%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51B-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51B_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England12622" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=12622&resourceID=19191">"Turret 51B (12622)"</a>. <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Turret+51B+%2812622%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D12622%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CC16B-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CC16B_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England9078" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=9078&resourceID=19191">"Tower 16B (9078)"</a>. <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Tower+16B+%289078%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D9078%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18B-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18B_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England20452" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=20452&resourceID=19191">"Turret 18B (20452)"</a>. <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Turret+18B+%2820452%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D20452%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34A-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-34A_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-34A_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England16821" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=16821&resourceID=19191">"Turret 34A (16821)"</a>. <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Turret+34A+%2816821%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D16821%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hw36-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hw36_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hw36_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hw36_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hw36_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hw36_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hw36_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_J_Breeze_and_Brian_Dobson1976" class="citation book cs1">David J Breeze and Brian Dobson (1976). <i>Hadrian's Wall</i>. Allen Lane. pp. 35–39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0140271821" title="Special:BookSources/0140271821"><bdi>0140271821</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hadrian%27s+Wall&rft.pages=35-39&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0140271821&rft.au=David+J+Breeze+and+Brian+Dobson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18A-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18A_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England20449" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=20449&resourceID=19191">"Turret 18A (20449)"</a>. <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Turret+18A+%2820449%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D20449%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29B-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-29B_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-29B_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England16689" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=16689&resourceID=19191">"Turret 29B (16689)"</a>. <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Turret+29B+%2816689%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D16689%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44B-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-44B_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-44B_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England13836" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=13836&resourceID=19191">"Turret 44B (13836)"</a>. <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Turret+44B+%2813836%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D13836%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33B-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-33B_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-33B_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England16815" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=16815&resourceID=19191">"Turret 33B (16815)"</a>. <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Turret+33B+%2816815%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D16815%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41B-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41B_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England15321" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=15321&resourceID=19191">"Turret 41B (15321)"</a>. <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Turret+41B+%2815321%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D15321%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26B-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26B_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England18297" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=18297&resourceID=19191">"Turret 26B (18297)"</a>. <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Turret+26B+%2818297%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D18297%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27A-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27A_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England19098" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=19098&resourceID=19191">"Turret 27A (19098)"</a>. <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Turret+27A+%2819098%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D19098%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurret+%28Hadrian%27s+Wall%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Details_of_individual_turrets">Details of individual turrets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turret_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Details of individual turrets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Details of individual turrets are recorded under each turret's milecastle (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_22#Turret_22A" title="Milecastle 22">Turret 22A</a> can be found at the entry for <a href="/wiki/Milecastle_22" title="Milecastle 22">Milecastle 22</a>). </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Forts_and_structures_of_Hadrian&#039;s_Wall" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#99cc88;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Template:Hadrian's Wall"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Template talk:Hadrian's Wall"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hadrian's Wall"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Forts_and_structures_of_Hadrian&#039;s_Wall" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Castra" title="Castra">Forts</a> and structures of <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Wall Forts (East to West)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Segedunum" title="Segedunum">Segedunum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pons_Aelius" title="Pons Aelius">Pons Aelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condercum" title="Condercum">Condercum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindobala" title="Vindobala">Vindobala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunnum" title="Hunnum">Onnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilurnum" title="Cilurnum">Cilurnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrawburgh" title="Carrawburgh">Procolita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housesteads_Roman_Fort" title="Housesteads Roman Fort">Vercovicium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesica" title="Aesica">Aesica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnis_(Carvoran)" title="Magnis (Carvoran)">Magnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banna_(Birdoswald)" title="Banna (Birdoswald)">Banna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camboglanna" title="Camboglanna">Camboglanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petriana" title="Petriana">Uxelodunum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aballava" title="Aballava">Aballava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coggabata" title="Coggabata">Coggabata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mais_(Bowness)" title="Mais (Bowness)">Maia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Britain_1.png/100px-Britain_1.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Britain_1.png/150px-Britain_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Britain_1.png/200px-Britain_1.png 2x" data-file-width="2010" data-file-height="1362" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Milecastle_42%2C_Cawfields%2C_Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_57718.jpg/100px-Milecastle_42%2C_Cawfields%2C_Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_57718.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Milecastle_42%2C_Cawfields%2C_Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_57718.jpg/150px-Milecastle_42%2C_Cawfields%2C_Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_57718.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Milecastle_42%2C_Cawfields%2C_Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_57718.jpg/200px-Milecastle_42%2C_Cawfields%2C_Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_57718.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Outpost Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habitancum" title="Habitancum">Habitancum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bewcastle_Roman_Fort" title="Bewcastle Roman Fort">Fanum Cocidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthuret#Netherby_Hall" title="Arthuret">Castra Exploratorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blatobulgium" title="Blatobulgium">Blatobulgium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Stanegate Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coria_(Corbridge)" title="Coria (Corbridge)">Corstopitum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newbrough" title="Newbrough">Newbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindolanda" title="Vindolanda">Vindolanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haltwhistle_Burn#Roman_fort" title="Haltwhistle Burn">Haltwhistle Burn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnis_(Carvoran)" title="Magnis (Carvoran)">Magnis</a></li> <li>Throp</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nether_Denton" title="Nether Denton">Nether Denton</a></li> <li>Castle Hill Boothby</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brampton_Old_Church" title="Brampton Old Church">Brampton Old Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luguvalium" title="Luguvalium">Luguvalium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Supply Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alauna_Carvetiorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Alauna Carvetiorum">Alauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbeia" title="Arbeia">Arbeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coria_(Corbridge)" title="Coria (Corbridge)">Coria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindomora" title="Vindomora">Vindomora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Cumbrian Coast Forts (North to South)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bibra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alauna_(Maryport)" title="Alauna (Maryport)">Alauna</a></li> <li>Burrow Walls</li> <li>Gabrosentum</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Milecastle" title="Milecastle">Milecastles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_0" title="Milecastle 0">0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_1" title="Milecastle 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_2" title="Milecastle 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_3" title="Milecastle 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_4" title="Milecastle 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_5" title="Milecastle 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_6" title="Milecastle 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_7" title="Milecastle 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_8" title="Milecastle 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_9" title="Milecastle 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_10" title="Milecastle 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_11" title="Milecastle 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_12" title="Milecastle 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_13" title="Milecastle 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_14" title="Milecastle 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_15" title="Milecastle 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_16" title="Milecastle 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_17" title="Milecastle 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_18" title="Milecastle 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_19" title="Milecastle 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_20" title="Milecastle 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_21" title="Milecastle 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_22" title="Milecastle 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_23" title="Milecastle 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_24" title="Milecastle 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_25" title="Milecastle 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_26" title="Milecastle 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_27" title="Milecastle 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_28" title="Milecastle 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_29" title="Milecastle 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_30" title="Milecastle 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_31" title="Milecastle 31">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_32" title="Milecastle 32">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_33" title="Milecastle 33">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_34" title="Milecastle 34">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_35" title="Milecastle 35">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_36" title="Milecastle 36">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_37" title="Milecastle 37">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_38" title="Milecastle 38">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_39" title="Milecastle 39">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_40" title="Milecastle 40">40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_41" title="Milecastle 41">41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_42" title="Milecastle 42">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_43" title="Milecastle 43">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_44" title="Milecastle 44">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_45" title="Milecastle 45">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_46" title="Milecastle 46">46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_47" title="Milecastle 47">47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_48" title="Milecastle 48">48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_49" title="Milecastle 49">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_50" title="Milecastle 50">50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_50TW" title="Milecastle 50TW">50TW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_51" title="Milecastle 51">51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_52" title="Milecastle 52">52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_53" title="Milecastle 53">53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_54" title="Milecastle 54">54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_55" title="Milecastle 55">55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_56" title="Milecastle 56">56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_57" title="Milecastle 57">57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_58" title="Milecastle 58">58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_59" title="Milecastle 59">59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_60" title="Milecastle 60">60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_61" title="Milecastle 61">61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_62" title="Milecastle 62">62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_63" title="Milecastle 63">63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_64" title="Milecastle 64">64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_65" title="Milecastle 65">65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_66" title="Milecastle 66">66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_67" title="Milecastle 67">67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_68" title="Milecastle 68">68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_69" title="Milecastle 69">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_70" title="Milecastle 70">70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_71" title="Milecastle 71">71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_72" title="Milecastle 72">72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_73" title="Milecastle 73">73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_74" title="Milecastle 74">74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_75" title="Milecastle 75">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_76" title="Milecastle 76">76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_77" title="Milecastle 77">77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_78" title="Milecastle 78">78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_79" title="Milecastle 79">79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_80" title="Milecastle 80">80</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Milefortlets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_1" title="Milefortlet 1">MF 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_2" title="Milefortlet 2">MF 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_3" title="Milefortlet 3">MF 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_4" title="Milefortlet 4">MF 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_5" title="Milefortlet 5">MF 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_9" title="Milefortlet 9">MF 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_10" title="Milefortlet 10">MF 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_11" title="Milefortlet 11">MF 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_12" title="Milefortlet 12">MF 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_13" title="Milefortlet 13">MF 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_14" title="Milefortlet 14">MF 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_15" title="Milefortlet 15">MF 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_16" title="Milefortlet 16">MF 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_17" title="Milefortlet 17">MF 17</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milefortlet_18&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milefortlet 18 (page does not exist)">MF 18</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milefortlet_19&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milefortlet 19 (page does not exist)">MF 19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_20" title="Milefortlet 20">MF 20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_21" title="Milefortlet 21">MF 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_22" title="Milefortlet 22">MF 22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_23" title="Milefortlet 23">MF 23</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milefortlet_24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milefortlet 24 (page does not exist)">MF 24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_25" title="Milefortlet 25">MF 25</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Other structures on Hadrian's Wall</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portgate" title="Portgate">Portgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetrees_(Hadrian%27s_Wall_section)" title="Planetrees (Hadrian's Wall section)">Planetrees (Hadrian's Wall section)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesters_Bridge" title="Chesters Bridge">Chesters Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone_Corner" title="Limestone Corner">Limestone Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knag_Burn_Gateway" title="Knag Burn Gateway">Knag Burn Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_39#Peel_Gap_Tower" title="Milecastle 39">Peel Gap Tower</a></li> <li>Willowford Bridge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_Hill_Signal_Tower" title="Pike Hill Signal Tower">Pike Hill Signal Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Regular and linear features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vallum_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)" title="Vallum (Hadrian's Wall)">Vallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Way_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)" title="Military Way (Hadrian's Wall)">Military Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall_Path" title="Hadrian's Wall Path">Hadrian's Wall Path</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turrets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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