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Engineering</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Chemical Engineering"> <meta name="keywords" content="Chemical Engineering"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Chemical Engineering"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2139</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Chemical Engineering</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2139</span> Modeling Aggregation of Insoluble Phase in Reactors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Brener">A. Brener</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Ismailov"> B. Ismailov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Berdalieva"> G. Berdalieva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In the paper we submit the modification of kinetic Smoluchowski equation for binary aggregation applying to systems with chemical reactions of first and second orders in which the main product is insoluble. The goal of this work is to create theoretical foundation and engineering procedures for calculating the chemical apparatuses in the conditions of joint course of chemical reactions and processes of aggregation of insoluble dispersed phases which are formed in working zones of the reactor.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Binary%20aggregation" title="Binary aggregation">Binary aggregation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Clusters" title=" Clusters"> Clusters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chemical%20reactions" title=" Chemical reactions"> Chemical reactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Insoluble%20phases." title=" Insoluble phases. "> Insoluble phases. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996739/modeling-aggregation-of-insoluble-phase-in-reactors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996739/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996739/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996739/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996739/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996739/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996739/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996739/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996739/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996739/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996739/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2138</span> Comparison of Chemical Coagulation and Electrocoagulation for Boron Removal from Synthetic Wastewater Using Aluminium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kartikaningsih%20Danis">Kartikaningsih Danis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yao-Hui%20Huang"> Yao-Hui Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Various techniques including conventional and advanced have been employed for the boron treatment from water and wastewater. The electrocoagulation involves an electrolytic reactor for coagulation/flotation with aluminium as anode and cathode. There is aluminium as coagulant to be used for removal which may induce secondary pollution in chemical coagulation. The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the performance between electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation on boron removal from synthetic wastewater. The effect of different parameters, such as pH reaction, coagulant dosage, and initial boron concentration were examined. The results show that the boron removal using chemical coagulation was lower. At the optimum condition (e.g. pH 8 and 0.8 mol coagulant dosage), boron removal efficiencies for chemical coagulation and electrocoagulation were 61% and 91%, respectively. In addition, the electrocoagulation needs no chemical reagents and makes the boron treatment easy for application.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Electrocoagulation" title="Electrocoagulation">Electrocoagulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chemical%20coagulation" title=" chemical coagulation"> chemical coagulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=aluminum%20electrode" title=" aluminum electrode"> aluminum electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=boron%20removal." title=" boron removal. "> boron removal. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005946/comparison-of-chemical-coagulation-and-electrocoagulation-for-boron-removal-from-synthetic-wastewater-using-aluminium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005946/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005946/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005946/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005946/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005946/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005946/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005946/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005946/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005946/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005946/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1739</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2137</span> Chemical Amelioration of Expansive Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20R.%20Phanikumar">B. R. Phanikumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sana%20Suri"> Sana Suri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Expansive soils swell when they absorb water and shrink when water evaporates from them. Hence, lightly loaded civil engineering structures founded in these soils are subjected to severe distress. Therefore, there is a need to ameliorate or improve these swelling soils through some innovative methods. This paper discusses chemical stabilisation of expansive soils, a technique in which chemical reagents such as lime and calcium chloride are added to expansive soils to reduce the volumetric changes occurring in expansive soils and to improve their engineering behaviour.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Expansive%20soils" title="Expansive soils">Expansive soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=swelling" title=" swelling"> swelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=shrinkage" title=" shrinkage"> shrinkage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=amelioration" title=" amelioration"> amelioration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lime" title=" lime"> lime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=calcium%20chloride." title=" calcium chloride."> calcium chloride.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997101/chemical-amelioration-of-expansive-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997101/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997101/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997101/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997101/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997101/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997101/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997101/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997101/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997101/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997101/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3009</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2136</span> Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Selection Model with Application to Chemical Engineering Management Decisions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohsen%20Pirdashti">Mohsen Pirdashti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Arezou%20Ghadi"> Arezou Ghadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mehrdad%20Mohammadi"> Mehrdad Mohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gholamreza%20Shojatalab"> Gholamreza Shojatalab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chemical industry project management involves complex decision making situations that require discerning abilities and methods to make sound decisions. Project managers are faced with decision environments and problems in projects that are complex. In this work, case study is Research and Development (R&D) project selection. R&D is an ongoing process for forward thinking technology-based chemical industries. R&D project selection is an important task for organizations with R&D project management. It is a multi-criteria problem which includes both tangible and intangible factors. The ability to make sound decisions is very important to success of R&D projects. Multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM) approaches are major parts of decision theory and analysis. This paper presents all of MCDM approaches for use in R&D project selection. It is hoped that this work will provide a ready reference on MCDM and this will encourage the application of the MCDM by chemical engineering management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chemical%20Engineering" title="Chemical Engineering">Chemical Engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R%26D%20Project" title=" R&D Project"> R&D Project</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MCDM" title=" MCDM"> MCDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Selection." title=" Selection."> Selection.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2683/multi-criteria-decision-making-selection-model-with-application-to-chemical-engineering-management-decisions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2683/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2683/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2683/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2683/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2683/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2683/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2683/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2683/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2683/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2683/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4088</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2135</span> Chemical Species Concentration Measurement via Wireless Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jer%20Hayes">Jer Hayes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stephen%20Beirne"> Stephen Beirne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Breda%20M.%20Kiernan"> Breda M. Kiernan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Conor%20Slater"> Conor Slater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=King-Tong%20Lau"> King-Tong Lau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dermot%20Diamond"> Dermot Diamond</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes studies carried out to investigate the viability of using wireless cameras as a tool in monitoring changes in air quality. A camera is used to monitor the change in colour of a chemically responsive polymer within view of the camera as it is exposed to varying chemical species concentration levels. The camera captures this image and the colour change is analyzed by averaging the RGB values present. This novel chemical sensing approach is compared with an established chemical sensing method using the same chemically responsive polymer coated onto LEDs. In this way, the concentration levels of acetic acid in the air can be tracked using both approaches. These approaches to chemical plume tracking have many applications for air quality monitoring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Environmental%20sensing" title="Environmental sensing">Environmental sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chemical%20sensors" title=" chemical sensors"> chemical sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wirelesssensor%20networks." title=" wirelesssensor networks."> wirelesssensor networks.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3676/chemical-species-concentration-measurement-via-wireless-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3676/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3676/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3676/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3676/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3676/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3676/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3676/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3676/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3676/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3676/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3676.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2134</span> Farmers’ Awareness and Behavior of Chemical Pesticide Uses in Suan Luang Sub-District Municipality, Ampawa, Samut Songkram, Thailand </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Paiboon%20Jeamponk">Paiboon Jeamponk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tikamporn%20Thipsaeng"> Tikamporn Thipsaeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper is aimed to investigate farmers’ level of awareness and behavior of chemical pesticide uses, by using a case study of Suan Luang Sub- District Municipality, Ampawa, Samut Songkram Province. Questionnaire was employed in this study with the farmers from 46 households to explore their level of awareness in chemical pesticide uses, while interview and observation were adopted in exploring their behavior of chemical pesticide uses. The findings reflected the farmers’ high level of awareness in chemical pesticide uses in the hazardous effects of the chemical to human and environmental health, while their behavior of chemical pesticide uses explained their awareness paid to the right way of using pesticides, for instance reading the direction on the label, keeping children and animals away from the area of pesticide mixing, covering body with clothes and wearing hat and mask, no smoking, eating or drinking during pesticide spray or standing in windward direction.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Awareness" title="Awareness">Awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Behavior" title=" Behavior"> Behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pesticide." title=" Pesticide."> Pesticide.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998936/farmers-awareness-and-behavior-of-chemical-pesticide-uses-in-suan-luang-sub-district-municipality-ampawa-samut-songkram-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998936/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998936/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998936/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998936/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998936/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998936/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998936/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998936/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998936/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998936/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2772</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2133</span> Chemical Analysis of Available Portland Cement in Libyan Market Using X-Ray Fluorescence </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20A.%20Elbagermia">M. A. Elbagermia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20I.%20Alajtala"> A. I. Alajtala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Alkerzab"> M. Alkerzab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study compares the quality of different brands of Portland Cement (PC) available in Libyan market. The amounts of chemical constituents like SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, SO3 and Lime Saturation Factor (LSF) were determined in accordance with Libyan (L.S.S) and Amrican (A.S.S) Standard Specifications. All the cement studies were found to be good for concrete work especially where no special property is required. The chemical and mineralogical analyses for studied clinker samples show that the dominant phases composition are C3S and C2S while the C3A and C4AF are less abundant.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Portland%20cement" title="Portland cement">Portland cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chemical%20Composition" title=" Chemical Composition"> Chemical Composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Libyan%20market" title=" Libyan market"> Libyan market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=X-ray%20fluorescence." title=" X-ray fluorescence."> X-ray fluorescence.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997267/chemical-analysis-of-available-portland-cement-in-libyan-market-using-x-ray-fluorescence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997267/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997267/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997267/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997267/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997267/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997267/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997267/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997267/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997267/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997267/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2890</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2132</span> Computation of Natural Logarithm Using Abstract Chemical Reaction Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Iuliia%20Zarubiieva">Iuliia Zarubiieva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Joyun%20Tseng"> Joyun Tseng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vishwesh%20Kulkarni"> Vishwesh Kulkarni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent researches has focused on nucleic acids as a substrate for designing biomolecular circuits for in situ monitoring and control. A common approach is to express them by a set of idealised abstract chemical reaction networks (ACRNs). Here, we present new results on how abstract chemical reactions, viz., catalysis, annihilation and degradation, can be used to implement circuit that accurately computes logarithm function using the method of Arithmetic-Geometric Mean (AGM), which has not been previously used in conjunction with ACRNs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abstract%20chemical%20reaction%20network" title="Abstract chemical reaction network">Abstract chemical reaction network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DNA%20strand%0D%0Adisplacement" title=" DNA strand displacement"> DNA strand displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=natural%20logarithm." title=" natural logarithm."> natural logarithm.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009947/computation-of-natural-logarithm-using-abstract-chemical-reaction-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009947/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009947/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009947/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009947/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009947/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009947/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009947/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009947/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009947/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009947/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1027</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2131</span> Effect of Chemical Modifier on the Properties of Polypropylene (PP) / Coconut Fiber (CF) in Automotive Application </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Shahril">K. Shahril</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Nizam"> A. Nizam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Sabri"> M. Sabri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Siti%20Rohana"> A. Siti Rohana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Salmah"> H. Salmah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Chemical modifier (Acrylic Acid) is used as filler treatment to improve mechanical properties and swelling behavior of polypropylene/coconut fiber (PP/CF) composites by creating more adherent bonding between CF filler and PP Matrix. Treated (with chemical modifier) and untreated (without chemical modifier) composites were prepared in the formulation of 10 wt%, 20 wt%, 30 wt%, and 40 wt%. The mechanical testing indicates that composite with 10 wt% of untreated composite has the optimum value of tensile strength, and the composite with chemical modifier shows the tensile strength was increased. By increasing of filler loading, elastic modulus was increased while the elongation at brake was decreased. Meanwhile, the swelling test discerned that the increase of filler loading increased the water absorption of composites and the presence of chemical modifier reduced the equilibrium water absorption percentage.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Coconut%20fiber" title="Coconut fiber">Coconut fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=polypropylene" title=" polypropylene"> polypropylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=acid%20acrylic" title=" acid acrylic"> acid acrylic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ethanol" title=" ethanol"> ethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chemical%20modifier" title=" chemical modifier"> chemical modifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=composites." title=" composites."> composites.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005943/effect-of-chemical-modifier-on-the-properties-of-polypropylene-pp-coconut-fiber-cf-in-automotive-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005943/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005943/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005943/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005943/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005943/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005943/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005943/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005943/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005943/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005943/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005943.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2130</span> Development of a Simulator for Explaining Organic Chemical Reactions Based on Qualitative Process Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alicia%20Y.%20C.%20Tang">Alicia Y. C. Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rukaini%20Hj.%20Abdullah"> Rukaini Hj. Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sharifuddin%20M.%20Zain"> Sharifuddin M. Zain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the development of a qualitative simulator (abbreviated QRiOM) for predicting the behaviour of organic chemical reactions. The simulation technique is based on the qualitative process theory (QPT) ontology. The modelling constructs of QPT embody notions of causality which can be used to explain the behaviour of a chemical system. The major theme of this work is that, in a qualitative simulation environment, students are able to articulate his/her knowledge through the inspection of explanations generated by software. The implementation languages are Java and Prolog. The software produces explanation in various forms that stresses on the causal theories in the chemical system which can be effectively used to support learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chemical%20reactions" title="Chemical reactions">Chemical reactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=explanation" title=" explanation"> explanation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=qualitative%20processtheory" title=" qualitative processtheory"> qualitative processtheory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6021/development-of-a-simulator-for-explaining-organic-chemical-reactions-based-on-qualitative-process-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6021/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6021/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6021/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6021/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6021/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6021/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6021/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6021/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6021/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6021/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6021.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1566</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2129</span> Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Cement Manufactured with Artificial Pozzolan (Waste Brick)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Naceri">A. Naceri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Chikouche%20Hamina"> M. Chikouche Hamina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Grosseau"> P. Grosseau</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of artificial pozzolan (waste brick) on the physico-chemical properties of cement manufactured was investigated. The waste brick is generated by the manufacture of bricks. It was used in the proportions of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by mass of cement to study its effect on the physico-chemical properties of cement incorporating artificial pozzolan. The physicochemical properties of cement at anhydrous state and the hydrated state (chemical composition, specific weight, fineness, consistency of the cement paste and setting times) were studied. The experimental results obtained show that the quantity of pozzolanic admixture (waste brick) of cement manufactured is the principal parameter who influences on the variation of the physico-chemical properties of the cement tested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Artificial%20pozzolan" title="Artificial pozzolan">Artificial pozzolan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=waste%20brick" title=" waste brick"> waste brick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cement" title=" cement"> cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=physicochemicalcharacteristics." title=" physicochemicalcharacteristics."> physicochemicalcharacteristics.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9107/physico-chemical-characteristics-of-cement-manufactured-with-artificial-pozzolan-waste-brick" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9107/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9107/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9107/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9107/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9107/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9107/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9107/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9107/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9107/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9107/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1752</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2128</span> Evaluation of Physicochemical Pretreatment Methods on COD and Ammonia Removal from Landfill Leachate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Poveda">M. Poveda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Lozecznik"> S. Lozecznik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Oleszkiewicz"> J. Oleszkiewicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Q.%20Yuan"> Q. Yuan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this experiment is to evaluate the effectiveness of different leachate pre-treatment options in terms of COD and ammonia removal. This research focused on the evaluation of physical-chemical methods for pre-treatment of leachate that would be effective and rapid in order to satisfy the requirements of the sewer discharge by-laws. The four pre-treatment options evaluated were: air stripping, chemical coagulation, electrocoagulation and advanced oxidation with sodium ferrate. Chemical coagulation reported the best COD removal rate at 43%, compared to 18% for both air stripping and electro-coagulation, and 20% for oxidation with sodium ferrate. On the other hand, air stripping was far superior to the other treatment options in terms of ammonia removal with 86%. Oxidation with sodium ferrate reached only 16%, while chemical coagulation and electro-coagulation removed less than 10%. When combined, air stripping and chemical coagulation removed up to 50% COD and 85% ammonia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Leachate%20pretreatment" title="Leachate pretreatment">Leachate pretreatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=air%20stripping" title=" air stripping"> air stripping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chemical%0D%0Acoagulation" title=" chemical coagulation"> chemical coagulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=electro-coagulation" title=" electro-coagulation"> electro-coagulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=oxidation." title=" oxidation."> oxidation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002011/evaluation-of-physicochemical-pretreatment-methods-on-cod-and-ammonia-removal-from-landfill-leachate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002011/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002011/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002011/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002011/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002011/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002011/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002011/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002011/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002011/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002011/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1924</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2127</span> Group Similarity Transformation of a Time Dependent Chemical Convective Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20M.%20Kassem">M. M. Kassem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Rashed"> A. S. Rashed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The time dependent progress of a chemical reaction over a flat horizontal plate is here considered. The problem is solved through the group similarity transformation method which reduces the number of independent by one and leads to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The problem shows a singularity at the chemical reaction order n=1 and is analytically solved through the perturbation method. The behavior of the process is then numerically investigated for n≠1 and different Schmidt numbers. Graphical results for the velocity and concentration of chemicals based on the analytical and numerical solutions are presented and discussed.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Time%20dependent" title="Time dependent">Time dependent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chemical%20convection" title=" chemical convection"> chemical convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=grouptransformation%20method" title=" grouptransformation method"> grouptransformation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=perturbation%20method." title=" perturbation method."> perturbation method.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/286/group-similarity-transformation-of-a-time-dependent-chemical-convective-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/286/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/286/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/286/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/286/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/286/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/286/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/286/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/286/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/286/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/286/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1627</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2126</span> X-Ray Fluorescence Molecular Imaging with Improved Sensitivity for Biomedical Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Guohua%20Cao">Guohua Cao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xu%20Dong"> Xu Dong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> X-ray Fluorescence Molecular Imaging (XFMI) holds great promise as a low-cost molecular imaging modality for biomedical applications with high chemical sensitivity. However, for in vivo biomedical applications, a key technical bottleneck is the relatively low chemical sensitivity of XFMI, especially at a reasonably low radiation dose. In laboratory x-ray source based XFMI, one of the main factors that limits the chemical sensitivity of XFMI is the scattered x-rays. We will present our latest findings on improving the chemical sensitivity of XFMI using excitation beam spectrum optimization. XFMI imaging experiments on two mouse-sized phantoms were conducted at three different excitation beam spectra. Our results show that the minimum detectable concentration (MDC) of iodine can be readily increased by five times via excitation spectrum optimization. Findings from this investigation could find use for in vivo pre-clinical small-animal XFMI in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Molecular%20imaging" title="Molecular imaging">Molecular imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=X-ray%20fluorescence" title=" X-ray fluorescence"> X-ray fluorescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chemical%20sensitivity" title=" chemical sensitivity"> chemical sensitivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=X-ray%20scattering." title=" X-ray scattering. "> X-ray scattering. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009278/x-ray-fluorescence-molecular-imaging-with-improved-sensitivity-for-biomedical-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009278/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009278/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009278/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009278/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009278/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009278/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009278/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009278/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009278/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009278/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">943</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2125</span> Heavy Metal Concentration in Orchard Area, Amphawa District, Samut Songkram Province, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sisuwan%20Kaseamsawat">Sisuwan Kaseamsawat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sivapan%20Choo-In"> Sivapan Choo-In</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A study was conducted in May to July 2013 with the aim of determination of heavy metal concentration in orchard area. 60 samples were collected and analyzed for Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn) by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).</p> <p>The heavy metal concentrations in sediment of orchards, that use chemical for Cd (1.13 ± 0.26 mg/l), Cu (8.00 ± 1.05 mg/l), Pb (13.16 ± 2.01) and Zn (37.41 ± 3.20 mg/l). The heavy metal concentrations in sediment of the orchards, that do not use chemical for Cd (1.28 ± 0.50 mg/l), Cu (7.60 ± 1.20 mg/l), Pb (29.87 ± 4.88) and Zn (21.79 ± 2.98 mg/l). Statistical analysis between heavy metal in sediment from the orchard, that use chemical and the orchard, that not use chemical were difference statistic significant of 0.5 level of significant for Cd and Pb while no statistically difference for Cu and Zn.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heavy%20metal" title="Heavy metal">Heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Orchard" title=" Orchard"> Orchard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pollution%20and%20monitoring" title=" Pollution and monitoring"> Pollution and monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sediment." title=" Sediment."> Sediment.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998821/heavy-metal-concentration-in-orchard-area-amphawa-district-samut-songkram-province-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998821/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998821/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998821/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998821/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998821/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998821/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998821/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998821/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998821/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998821/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2001</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2124</span> Application of Exact String Matching Algorithms towards SMILES Representation of Chemical Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Fadel%20Klaib">Ahmad Fadel Klaib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zurinahni%20Zainol"> Zurinahni Zainol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20Hashimah%20Ahamed"> Nurul Hashimah Ahamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rosma%20Ahmad"> Rosma Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wahidah%20Hussin"> Wahidah Hussin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Bioinformatics and Cheminformatics use computer as disciplines providing tools for acquisition, storage, processing, analysis, integrate data and for the development of potential applications of biological and chemical data. A chemical database is one of the databases that exclusively designed to store chemical information. NMRShiftDB is one of the main databases that used to represent the chemical structures in 2D or 3D structures. SMILES format is one of many ways to write a chemical structure in a linear format. In this study we extracted Antimicrobial Structures in SMILES format from NMRShiftDB and stored it in our Local Data Warehouse with its corresponding information. Additionally, we developed a searching tool that would response to user-s query using the JME Editor tool that allows user to draw or edit molecules and converts the drawn structure into SMILES format. We applied Quick Search algorithm to search for Antimicrobial Structures in our Local Data Ware House.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Exact%20String-matching%20Algorithms" title="Exact String-matching Algorithms">Exact String-matching Algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=NMRShiftDB" title=" NMRShiftDB"> NMRShiftDB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SMILES%20Format" title=" SMILES Format"> SMILES Format</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Antimicrobial%20Structures." title=" Antimicrobial Structures."> Antimicrobial Structures.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12146/application-of-exact-string-matching-algorithms-towards-smiles-representation-of-chemical-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12146/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12146/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12146/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12146/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12146/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12146/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12146/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12146/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12146/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12146/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2123</span> An Investigation on Thermo Chemical Conversions of Solid Waste for Energy Recovery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sharmina%20Begum">Sharmina Begum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20G.%20Rasul"> M. G. Rasul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Delwar%20Akbar"> Delwar Akbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solid waste can be considered as an urban burden or as a valuable resource depending on how it is managed. To meet the rising demand for energy and to address environmental concerns, a conversion from conventional energy systems to renewable resources is essential. For the sustainability of human civilization, an environmentally sound and techno-economically feasible waste treatment method is very important to treat recyclable waste. Several technologies are available for realizing the potential of solid waste as an energy source, ranging from very simple systems for disposing of dry waste to more complex technologies capable of dealing with large amounts of industrial waste. There are three main pathways for conversion of waste material to energy: thermo chemical, biochemical and physicochemical. This paper investigates the thermo chemical conversion of solid waste for energy recovery. The processes, advantages and dis-advantages of various thermo chemical conversion processes are discussed and compared. Special attention is given to Gasification process as it provides better solutions regarding public acceptance, feedstock flexibility, near-zero emissions, efficiency and security. Finally this paper presents comparative statements of thermo chemical processes and introduces an integrated waste management system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gasification" title="Gasification">Gasification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Incineration" title=" Incineration"> Incineration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pyrolysis" title=" Pyrolysis"> Pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thermo%0Achemical%20conversion." title=" Thermo chemical conversion."> Thermo chemical conversion.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9976/an-investigation-on-thermo-chemical-conversions-of-solid-waste-for-energy-recovery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9976/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9976/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9976/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9976/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9976/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9976/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9976/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9976/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9976/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9976/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9976.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2122</span> Chemical Destabilization on Water in Crude Oil Emulsions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdurahman%20H.%20N.">Abdurahman H. N.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Nuraini"> M. Nuraini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Experimental data are presented to show the influence of different types of chemical demulsifier on the stability and demulsification of emulsions. Three groups of demulsifier with different functional groups were used in this work namely amines, alcohol and polyhydric alcohol. The results obtained in this study have exposed the capability of chemical breaking agents in destabilization of water in crude oil emulsions. From the present study, found that molecular weight of the demulsifier were influent the capability of the emulsion to separate.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Demulsification" title="Demulsification">Demulsification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=emulsions" title=" emulsions"> emulsions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=breakingagent" title=" breakingagent"> breakingagent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=destabilization." title=" destabilization."> destabilization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/489/chemical-destabilization-on-water-in-crude-oil-emulsions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/489/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/489/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/489/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/489/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/489/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/489/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/489/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/489/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/489/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/489/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/489.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6083</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2121</span> The Effects of RCA Clean Variables on Particle Removal Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Kudnie%20Sahari">Siti Kudnie Sahari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jane%20Chai%20Hai%20Sing"> Jane Chai Hai Sing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khairuddin%20Ab.%20Hamid"> Khairuddin Ab. Hamid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shrunken patterning for integrated device manufacturing requires surface cleanliness and surface smoothness in wet chemical processing [1]. It is necessary to control all process parameters perfectly especially for the common cleaning technique RCA clean (SC-1 and SC-2) [2]. In this paper the characteristic and effect of surface preparation parameters are discussed. The properties of RCA wet chemical processing in silicon technology is based on processing time, temperature, concentration and megasonic power of SC-1 and QDR. An improvement of wafer surface preparation by the enhanced variables of the wet cleaning chemical process is proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SC-1" title=" SC-1"> SC-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SC-2" title=" SC-2"> SC-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=QDR" title=" QDR"> QDR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/the-effects-of-rca-clean-variables-on-particle-removal-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2120</span> Comparison Mechanical and Chemical Treatments on Properties of Low Yield Bagasse Pulp During Recycling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Parizad%20Sheikhi">Parizad Sheikhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20Talaeipour"> Mohammad Talaeipour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>the effects of refining and alkaline chemicals on potential of recycling bleached chemical pulp of bagasse were investigated in this study. Recycling was done until three times. Handsheet properties such as, apparent density, light scattering coefficient, tear index, burst index, breaking length, and fold number according to TAPPI standard were measured. Water retention value also was used to considering the treatments during recycling. Refining enhanced the strength of recycled pulp by increasing fiber flexibility and swelling ability, whereas by applying chemical treatment didn't observe any improvement. The morphology of recycled fiber was considered with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bagasse%20pulp" title="Bagasse pulp">Bagasse pulp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chemical%20treatment" title=" chemical treatment"> chemical treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=refining" title=" refining"> refining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=scanning%20electron%20microscopy" title=" scanning electron microscopy"> scanning electron microscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=water%20retention%20value." title=" water retention value."> water retention value.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14476/comparison-mechanical-and-chemical-treatments-on-properties-of-low-yield-bagasse-pulp-during-recycling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14476/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14476/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14476/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14476/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14476/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14476/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14476/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14476/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14476/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14476/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2682</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2119</span> Study the Influence of Chemical Treatment on the Compositional Changes and Defect Structures of ZnS Thin Film</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Dahbi">N. Dahbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D-E.%20Arafah"> D-E. Arafah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of chemical treatment in CdCl2 on the compositional changes and defect structures of potentially useful ZnS solar cell thin films prepared by vacuum deposition method was studied using the complementary Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and Thermoluminesence (TL) techniques. A series of electron and hole traps are found in the various as deposited samples studied. After treatment, perturbation on the intensity is noted; mobile defect states and charge conversion and/or transfer between defect states are found. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chemical%20treatment" title="chemical treatment">chemical treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=defect" title=" defect"> defect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=glow%20curve" title=" glow curve"> glow curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RBS" title=" RBS"> RBS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thinfilm" title=" thinfilm"> thinfilm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermoluminescence" title=" thermoluminescence"> thermoluminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ZnS" title=" ZnS"> ZnS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vacuum%20deposition" title=" vacuum deposition"> vacuum deposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/study-the-influence-of-chemical-treatment-on-the-compositional-changes-and-defect-structures-of-zns-thin-film" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1599</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2118</span> Heat and Mass Transfer over an Unsteady Stretching Surface Embedded in a Porous Medium in the Presence of Variable Chemical Reaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20G.%20Emam">T. G. Emam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The effect of variable chemical reaction on heat and mass transfer characteristics over unsteady stretching surface embedded in a porus medium is studied. The governing time dependent boundary layer equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations containing chemical reaction parameter, unsteadiness parameter, Prandtl number and Schmidt number. These equations have been transformed into a system of first order differential equations. MATHEMATICA has been used to solve this system after obtaining the missed initial conditions. The velocity gradient, temperature, and concentration profiles are computed and discussed in details for various values of the different parameters.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heat%20and%20mass%20transfer" title="Heat and mass transfer">Heat and mass transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stretching%20surface" title=" stretching surface"> stretching surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chemical%20reaction" title=" chemical reaction"> chemical reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=porus%20medium." title=" porus medium."> porus medium.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11246/heat-and-mass-transfer-over-an-unsteady-stretching-surface-embedded-in-a-porous-medium-in-the-presence-of-variable-chemical-reaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11246/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11246/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11246/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11246/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11246/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11246/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11246/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11246/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11246/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11246/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11246.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1875</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2117</span> Biological and Chemical Filter Treatment for Wastewater Reuse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20J.%20Go">M. J. Go</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20S.%20Shin"> H. S. Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20W.%20Kim"> D. W. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Chang"> D. Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20B.%20Han">S. B. Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20M.%20Hur"> J. M. Hur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20R.%20Chung"> B. R. Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20K.%20Choi"> J. K. Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Fan"> J. Fan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study developed a high efficient and combined biological and chemical filter treatment process. This process used PAC (Powder Activated Carbon), Alum and attached growth treatment process. The system removals of total nitrogen and total phosphorus ratio of two were as high as 70% and 73%, moreover, the effluent water was suitable to urban and agricultural water. Also the advantages of this process are not only occupies small place but is simple, economic and easy operating. Besides, our developed process can keep stable process efficiency even in relative low load level. Therefore, this study judges that use of the high efficient and combined biological and chemical filter treatment process, it is expected that the effluent water in this system can be reused as urban and agricultural water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biological%20and%20chemical%20filter%20treatment" title="biological and chemical filter treatment">biological and chemical filter treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wastewaterreuse" title=" wastewaterreuse"> wastewaterreuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PAC" title=" PAC"> PAC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alum" title=" Alum"> Alum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4120/biological-and-chemical-filter-treatment-for-wastewater-reuse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4120/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4120/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4120/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4120/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4120/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4120/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4120/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4120/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4120/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4120/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2116</span> Simulation of a Multi-Component Transport Model for the Chemical Reaction of a CVD-Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Geiser">J. Geiser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20R%C3%B6hle"> R. Röhle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper we present discretization and decomposition methods for a multi-component transport model of a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. CVD processes are used to manufacture deposition layers or bulk materials. In our transport model we simulate the deposition of thin layers. The microscopic model is based on the heavy particles, which are derived by approximately solving a linearized multicomponent Boltzmann equation. For the drift-process of the particles we propose diffusionreaction equations as well as for the effects of heat conduction. We concentrate on solving the diffusion-reaction equation with analytical and numerical methods. For the chemical processes, modelled with reaction equations, we propose decomposition methods and decouple the multi-component models to simpler systems of differential equations. In the numerical experiments we present the computational results of our proposed models.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chemical%20reactions" title="Chemical reactions">Chemical reactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chemical%20vapor%20deposition" title=" chemical vapor deposition"> chemical vapor deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=convection-diffusion-reaction%20equations" title=" convection-diffusion-reaction equations"> convection-diffusion-reaction equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=decomposition%20methods" title=" decomposition methods"> decomposition methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multi-component%20transport." title=" multi-component transport."> multi-component transport.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/simulation-of-a-multi-component-transport-model-for-the-chemical-reaction-of-a-cvd-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8390.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2115</span> Adapting the Chemical Reaction Optimization Algorithm to the Printed Circuit Board Drilling Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Taisir%20Eldos">Taisir Eldos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aws%20Kanan"> Aws Kanan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Waleed%20Nazih"> Waleed Nazih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Khatatbih"> Ahmad Khatatbih</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Chemical Reaction Optimization (CRO) is an optimization metaheuristic inspired by the nature of chemical reactions as a natural process of transforming the substances from unstable to stable states. Starting with some unstable molecules with excessive energy, a sequence of interactions takes the set to a state of minimum energy. Researchers reported successful application of the algorithm in solving some engineering problems, like the quadratic assignment problem, with superior performance when compared with other optimization algorithms. We adapted this optimization algorithm to the Printed Circuit Board Drilling Problem (PCBDP) towards reducing the drilling time and hence improving the PCB manufacturing throughput. Although the PCBDP can be viewed as instance of the popular Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), it has some characteristics that would require special attention to the transactions that explore the solution landscape. Experimental test results using the standard CROToolBox are not promising for practically sized problems, while it could find optimal solutions for artificial problems and small benchmarks as a proof of concept.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Evolutionary%20Algorithms" title="Evolutionary Algorithms">Evolutionary Algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chemical%20Reaction%0D%0AOptimization" title=" Chemical Reaction Optimization"> Chemical Reaction Optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Traveling%20Salesman" title=" Traveling Salesman"> Traveling Salesman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Board%20Drilling." title=" Board Drilling."> Board Drilling.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000398/adapting-the-chemical-reaction-optimization-algorithm-to-the-printed-circuit-board-drilling-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000398/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000398/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000398/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000398/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000398/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000398/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000398/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000398/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000398/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000398/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2114</span> Analysis for MHD Flow of a Maxwell Fluid past a Vertical Stretching Sheet in the Presence of Thermophoresis and Chemical Reaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Noor%20Fadiya%20Mohd%20Noor">Noor Fadiya Mohd Noor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The hydromagnetic flow of a Maxwell fluid past a vertical stretching sheet with thermophoresis is considered. The impact of chemical reaction species to the flow is analyzed for the first time by using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The h-curves for the flow boundary layer equations are presented graphically. Several values of wall skin friction, heat and mass transfer are obtained and discussed.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=homotopy" title="homotopy">homotopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MHD" title=" MHD"> MHD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermophoresis" title=" thermophoresis"> thermophoresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chemical%20reaction" title=" chemical reaction"> chemical reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maxwell" title=" Maxwell"> Maxwell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4548/analysis-for-mhd-flow-of-a-maxwell-fluid-past-a-vertical-stretching-sheet-in-the-presence-of-thermophoresis-and-chemical-reaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4548/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4548/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4548/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4548/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4548/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4548/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4548/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4548/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4548/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4548/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4548.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2077</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2113</span> Ignition Analysis in Supersonic Turbulent Mixing Layer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20M.%20Tahsini">A. M. Tahsini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical study of two dimensional supersonic hydrogen-air mixing layer is performed to investigate the effect of turbulence and chemical additive on ignition distance. Chemical reaction is treated using detail kinetics. Advection upstream splitting method is used to calculate the fluxes and one equation turbulence model is chosen here to simulate the considered problem. Hydrogen peroxide is used as an additive and the results show that inflow turbulence and chemical additive may drastically decrease the ignition delay in supersonic combustion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ignition" title="Ignition">Ignition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mixing%20layer" title=" Mixing layer"> Mixing layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Numerical%20simulation" title=" Numerical simulation"> Numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Supersonic%20combustion" title="Supersonic combustion">Supersonic combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Turbulence" title=" Turbulence"> Turbulence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13369/ignition-analysis-in-supersonic-turbulent-mixing-layer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13369/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13369/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13369/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13369/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13369/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13369/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13369/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13369/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13369/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13369/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13369.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1724</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2112</span> Physicochemistry of Pozzolanic Stabilization of a Class A-2-7 Lateritic Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20O.%20Apampa">Ahmed O. Apampa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yinusa%20A.%20Jimoh"> Yinusa A. Jimoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper examines the mechanism of pozzolan-soil reactions, using a recent study on the chemical stabilization of a Class A-2-7 (3) lateritic soil, with corn cob ash (CCA) as case study. The objectives are to establish a nexus between cation exchange capacity of the soil, the alkaline forming compounds in CCA and percentage CCA addition to soil beyond which no more improvement in strength properties can be achieved; and to propose feasible chemical reactions to explain the chemical stabilization of the lateritic soil with CCA alone. The lateritic soil, as well as CCA of pozzolanic quality Class C were separately analysed for their metallic oxide composition using the X-Ray Fluorescence technique. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil and the CCA were computed theoretically using the percentage composition of the base cations Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup> K<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>2+</sup> as 1.48 meq/100 g and 61.67 meq/100 g respectively, thus indicating a ratio of 0.024 or 2.4%. This figure, taken as the theoretical amount required to just fill up the exchangeable sites of the clay molecules, compares well with the laboratory observation of 1.5% for the optimum level of CCA addition to lateritic soil. The paper went on to present chemical reaction equations between the alkaline earth metals in the CCA and the silica in the lateritic soil to form silicates, thereby proposing an extension of the theory of mechanism of soil stabilization to cover chemical stabilization with pozzolanic ash only. The paper concluded by recommending further research on the molecular structure of soils stabilized with pozzolanic waste ash alone, with a view to confirming the chemical equations advanced in the study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cation%20exchange%20capacity" title="Cation exchange capacity">Cation exchange capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=corn%20cob%20ash" title=" corn cob ash"> corn cob ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lateritic%20soil" title=" lateritic soil"> lateritic soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=soil%20stabilization." title=" soil stabilization."> soil stabilization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005062/physicochemistry-of-pozzolanic-stabilization-of-a-class-a-2-7-lateritic-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005062/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005062/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005062/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005062/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005062/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005062/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005062/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005062/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005062/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005062/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2111</span> The Effects of Peristalsis on Dispersion of a Micropolar Fluid in the Presence of Magnetic Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Habtu%20Alemayehu">Habtu Alemayehu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Radhakrishnamacharya"> G. Radhakrishnamacharya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents an analytical solution for dispersion of a solute in the peristaltic motion of a micropolar fluid in the presence of magnetic field and both homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions. The average effective dispersion coefficient has been found using Taylor-s limiting condition under long wavelength approximation. The effects of various relevant parameters on the average coefficient of dispersion have been studied. The average effective dispersion coefficient increases with amplitude ratio, cross viscosity coefficient and heterogeneous chemical reaction rate parameter. But it decreases with magnetic field parameter and homogeneous chemical reaction rate parameter. It can be noted that the presence of peristalsis enhances dispersion of a solute. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Peristalsis" title="Peristalsis">Peristalsis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dispersion" title=" Dispersion"> Dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chemical%20reaction" title=" Chemical reaction"> Chemical reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Magneticfield" title=" Magneticfield"> Magneticfield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Micropolar%20fluid" title=" Micropolar fluid"> Micropolar fluid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9872/the-effects-of-peristalsis-on-dispersion-of-a-micropolar-fluid-in-the-presence-of-magnetic-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9872/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9872/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9872/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9872/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9872/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9872/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9872/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9872/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9872/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9872/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1718</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2110</span> Suitability of Class F Flyash for Construction Industry: An Indian Scenario</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20N.%20Akhtar">M. N. Akhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20N.%20Akhtar"> J. N. Akhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The present study evaluates the properties of class F fly ash as a replacement of natural materials in civil engineering construction industry. The low-lime flash similar to class F is the prime variety generated in India, although it has significantly smaller volumes of high-lime fly ash as compared to class C. The chemical and physical characterization of the sample is carried out with the number of experimental approaches in order to investigate all relevant features present in the samples. For chemical analysis, elementary quantitative results from point analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were used to identify the element images of different fractions. The physical properties found very close to the range of common soils. Furthermore, the fly ash-based bricks were prepared by the same sample of class F fly ash and the results of compressive strength similar to that of Standard Clay Brick Grade 1 available in the local market of India.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Flyash" title="Flyash">Flyash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=class%20F" title=" class F"> class F</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=class%20C" title=" class C"> class C</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chemical" title=" chemical"> chemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=physical" title=" physical"> physical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=EDS." title=" EDS."> EDS.</a> </p> <a 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