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Jodaeian</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Vida Jodaeian"> <meta name="keywords" content="Vida Jodaeian"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Vida Jodaeian"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 15</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Vida Jodaeian</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> The Role of Thermo Priming on Improving Seedling Production Technology (ISPT) in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Seed's</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behzad%20Sani">Behzad Sani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vida%20Jodaeian"> Vida Jodaeian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to determine the impact of thermo priming on germination of soybean seeds, an experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with three replications. The factors of studied included different time thermo priming (control, 5 and 10 minutes) through the placing seeds were exposed to oven. The results showed that the effect of thermo priming was significant on germination percentage, seedling dry weight and seedling vigour in P ≤ 0.05. Mean comparison showed that the highest germination percentage (77 %), seedling dry weight (1.39 g) and seedling vigour (107.03) were achieved by 10 minutes thermo priming. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermo%20priming" title="thermo priming">thermo priming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seedling" title=" seedling"> seedling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seedling%20production" title=" seedling production"> seedling production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seedling%20growth" title=" seedling growth"> seedling growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soybean" title=" soybean"> soybean</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31615/the-role-of-thermo-priming-on-improving-seedling-production-technology-ispt-in-soybean-glycine-max-l-merrill-seeds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Preparation and Characterization of Copper-Nanoparticle on Extracted Carrageenan and Its Catalytic Activity for Reducing Aromatic Nitro Group</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vida%20Jodaeian">Vida Jodaeian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behzad%20Sani"> Behzad Sani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Copper nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and characterized on green-extracted Carrageenan from seaweed by precipitation method without using any supporter and template with precipitation method. The crystallinity, optical properties, morphology, and composition of products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The effects of processing parameters on the size and shape of Cu- nanostructures such as effect of pH were investigated. It is found that the reaction at lower pH values (acidic) could not be completed and pH = 8.00 was the best pH value to prepare very fine nanoparticles. They as synthesized Cu-nanoparticles were used as catalysts for the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds in presence of NaBH4. The results showed that Cu-nanoparticles are very active for reduction of these nitro aromatic compounds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title="nanoparticles">nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carrageenan" title=" carrageenan"> carrageenan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seaweed" title=" seaweed"> seaweed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitro%20aromatic%20compound" title=" nitro aromatic compound"> nitro aromatic compound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31613/preparation-and-characterization-of-copper-nanoparticle-on-extracted-carrageenan-and-its-catalytic-activity-for-reducing-aromatic-nitro-group" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Determining the Appropriate Methodology for the Security Evaluation of Equipment Related to Information and Communication Technology in the Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20Ahanj%20Sofia%20Ahanj">Sofia Ahanj Sofia Ahanj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahsa%20Rahmani%20Mahsa%20Rahmani"> Mahsa Rahmani Mahsa Rahmani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Sadeghigol"> Zahra Sadeghigol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vida%20Nobakht%20Vida%20Nobakht"> Vida Nobakht Vida Nobakht</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Providing security in the electricity industry, as one of the vital infrastructures of the country, is one of the essential operations that must be taken in order to improve the security of the country. Resistant security strategies need to be regularly implemented as a dynamic process to improve security, and security evaluation is one of the most important steps in this process. Methodology in the field of evaluation in both technical and managerial dimensions is discussed in the laboratory. There are various standards in the field of general ICT technical-security evaluation. The most important are ISO / IEC 15408, ISO / IEC 27001 and NIST SP 800-53. In the present paper, these standards are first examined. Then, the standards and reports in the industrial field have been reviewed and compared, and finally, based on the results and special considerations of information and communication technology equipment in the electricity industry, the appropriate methodology has been presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20standards" title="security standards">security standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO%2FIEC%2015408" title=" ISO/IEC 15408"> ISO/IEC 15408</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISA%2FIEC%20%2062443%20series" title=" ISA/IEC 62443 series"> ISA/IEC 62443 series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIST%20SP%20800-53" title=" NIST SP 800-53"> NIST SP 800-53</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NISTIR%207628" title=" NISTIR 7628"> NISTIR 7628</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128747/determining-the-appropriate-methodology-for-the-security-evaluation-of-equipment-related-to-information-and-communication-technology-in-the-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Mitigating the Unwillingness of e-Forums Members to Engage in Information Exchange</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dora%20Triki">Dora Triki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irena%20Vida"> Irena Vida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claude%20Obadia"> Claude Obadia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social networks such as e-Forums or dating sites often face the reluctance of key members to participate. Relying on the conation theory, this study investigates this phenomenon and proposes solutions to mitigate the issue. We show that highly experienced e-Forum members refuse to share business information in a peer to peer information exchange forums. However, forums managers can mitigate this behavior by developing a sentiment of belongingness to the network. Furthermore, by selecting only elite forum participants with ample experience, they can reduce the reluctance of key information providers to engage in information exchange. Our hypotheses are tested with PLS structural equations modeling using survey data from members of a French e-Forum dedicated to the exchange of business information about exporting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conation" title="conation">conation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-Forum" title=" e-Forum"> e-Forum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20exchange" title=" information exchange"> information exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=members%20participation" title=" members participation"> members participation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113851/mitigating-the-unwillingness-of-e-forums-members-to-engage-in-information-exchange" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> An Investigation on Engineering Students’ Perceptions Towards E-learning in the UK</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vida%20Razzaghifard">Vida Razzaghifard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> E-learning, also known as online learning, has indicated an increased growth in recent years. One of the critical factors in the successful application of e-learning in higher education is students’ perceptions towards it. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the perceptions of engineering students about e-learning in UK. For the purpose of the present study, 145 second year Engineering students were randomly selected from the total population of 1280 participants. The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire containing 16 items. The data collected from the questionnaire were analyzed through the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of participants have negative perceptions on e-learning. Most of the students had trouble interacting effectively during online classes. Furthermore, the majority of participants had negative experiences with the learning platform they used during e-learning. Suggestions were made on what could be done to improve the students’ perceptions towards e-learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E-learning" title="E-learning">E-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher" title=" higher"> higher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20%20education" title=" engineering education"> engineering education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20learning" title=" online learning"> online learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155359/an-investigation-on-engineering-students-perceptions-towards-e-learning-in-the-uk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Imputing Missing Data in Electronic Health Records: A Comparison of Linear and Non-Linear Imputation Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Vafaei%20Sadr">Alireza Vafaei Sadr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vida%20Abedi"> Vida Abedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiang%20Li"> Jiang Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramin%20Zand"> Ramin Zand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Missing data is a common challenge in medical research and can lead to biased or incomplete results. When the data bias leaks into models, it further exacerbates health disparities; biased algorithms can lead to misclassification and reduced resource allocation and monitoring as part of prevention strategies for certain minorities and vulnerable segments of patient populations, which in turn further reduce data footprint from the same population – thus, a vicious cycle. This study compares the performance of six imputation techniques grouped into Linear and Non-Linear models on two different realworld electronic health records (EHRs) datasets, representing 17864 patient records. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) are used as performance metrics, and the results show that the Linear models outperformed the Non-Linear models in terms of both metrics. These results suggest that sometimes Linear models might be an optimal choice for imputation in laboratory variables in terms of imputation efficiency and uncertainty of predicted values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EHR" title="EHR">EHR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imputation" title=" imputation"> imputation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laboratory%20variables" title=" laboratory variables"> laboratory variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithmic%20bias" title=" algorithmic bias"> algorithmic bias</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168151/imputing-missing-data-in-electronic-health-records-a-comparison-of-linear-and-non-linear-imputation-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168151.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Design and Control of a Knee Rehabilitation Device Using an MR-Fluid Brake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Beheshti">Mina Beheshti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vida%20Shams"> Vida Shams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Esfandiari"> Mojtaba Esfandiari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzaneh%20Abdollahi"> Farzaneh Abdollahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdolreza%20Ohadi"> Abdolreza Ohadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of the people who survive a stroke need rehabilitation tools to regain their mobility. The core function of these devices is a brake actuator. The goal of this study is to design and control a magnetorheological brake which can be used as a rehabilitation tool. In fact, the fluid used in this brake is called magnetorheological fluid or MR that properties can change by variation of the magnetic field. The braking properties can be set as control by using this feature of the fluid. In this research, different MR brake designs are first introduced in each design, and the dimensions of the brake have been determined based on the required torque for foot movement. To calculate the brake dimensions, it is assumed that the shear stress distribution in the fluid is uniform and the fluid is in its saturated state. After designing the rehabilitation brake, the mathematical model of the healthy movement of a healthy person is extracted. Due to the nonlinear nature of the system and its variability, various adaptive controllers, neural networks, and robust have been implemented to estimate the parameters and control the system. After calculating torque and control current, the best type of controller in terms of error and control current has been selected. Finally, this controller is implemented on the experimental data of the patient's movements, and the control current is calculated to achieve the desired torque and motion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title="rehabilitation">rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetorheological%20fluid" title=" magnetorheological fluid"> magnetorheological fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knee" title=" knee"> knee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brake" title=" brake"> brake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20control" title=" adaptive control"> adaptive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust%20control" title=" robust control"> robust control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network%20control" title=" neural network control"> neural network control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torque%20control" title=" torque control"> torque control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134338/design-and-control-of-a-knee-rehabilitation-device-using-an-mr-fluid-brake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Preschool Teachers' Teaching Performance in Relation to Their Technology and 21st Century Skills</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vida%20Dones-Jimenez">Vida Dones-Jimenez </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of this study is to determine the preschool teachers’ technology and 21st-century skills and its relation to teachers’ performance. The participants were 94 preschool teachers and 59 school administrators from the CDAPS member schools. The data were collected by using 21st Century Skill, developed by ISSA (2009), Technology Skills of Teachers Survey (2013) and Teacher Performance Evaluation Criteria and Descriptors (200) was modified by the current researcher to suit the needs of her study and was administered personally by her. The surveys were designed to measure the participants’ 21st-century skills, technology skills and teaching performance. The result of the study indicates that the majority of the preschool teachers are the college graduate. Most of them are in the teaching profession for 0 to 10 years. It also indicated that the majority of the school administrators are masters’ degree holder. The preschool teachers are outstanding in their teaching performance as rated by the school administrators. The preschool teachers are skillful in using technology, and they are very skillful in executing the 21st-century skills in teaching. It was further determined that no significant difference between preschool teachers 21st-century skill in regards to educational attainment same as with the number of years in teaching, likewise with their technology skills. Furthermore, the study has shown that there is a very weak relationship between technology and 21st-century skills of preschool teachers, a weak relationship between technology skills and teaching performance and a very weak relationship between 21st-century skills and teaching performance were also established. The study recommends that the preschool teachers should be encouraged to enroll in master degree programs. School administrators should support the implementation of newly adopted technologies and support faculty members at various levels of use and experience. It is also recommended that regular review of the professional development plan be undertaken to upgrade 21st-century teaching and learning skills of preschool teachers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschool%20teacher" title="preschool teacher">preschool teacher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20performance" title=" teaching performance"> teaching performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=21st%20century%20skills" title=" 21st century skills"> 21st century skills</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67918/preschool-teachers-teaching-performance-in-relation-to-their-technology-and-21st-century-skills" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> A Bicycle Based Model of Prehospital Care Implanted in Northeast of the Brazil: Initial Experience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Odaleia%20de%20O.%20Farias">Odaleia de O. Farias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suzelene%20C.%20Marinho"> Suzelene C. Marinho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ecleidson%20B.%20Fragoso"> Ecleidson B. Fragoso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20S.%20Lima"> Daniel S. Lima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20R.%20S.%20Lira"> Francisco R. S. Lira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lara%20S.%20Ara%C3%BAjo"> Lara S. Araújo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriel%20dos%20S.%20D.%20Soares"> Gabriel dos S. D. Soares</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In populous cities, prehospital care services that use vehicles alternative to ambulances are needed in order to reduce costs and improve response time to occurrences in areas with large concentration of people, such as leisure and tourism spaces. In this context, it was implanted a program called BIKE VIDA, that is innovative quick access and assistance program. The aim of this study is to describe the implantation and initial profile of occurrences performed by an urgency/emergency pre-hospital care service through paramedics on bicycles. It is a cross-sectional, descriptive study carried out in the city of Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. The data included service records from July to August 2017. Ethical aspects were respected. The service covers a perimeter of 4.5 km, divided into three areas with perimeter of 1.5 km for each paramedic, attending from 5 am to 9 pm. Materials transported by bicycles include External Automated Defibrillator - DEA, portable oxygen, oximeter, cervical collar, stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, dressing and immobilization materials and personal protective equipment. Occurrences are requested directly by calling the emergency number 192 or through direct approach to the professional. In the first month of the program, there were 93 emergencies/urgencies, mainly in the daytime period (71,0%), in males (59,7%), in the age range of 26 to 45 years (46,2%). The main nature was traumatic incidents (53.3%). Most of the cases (88,2%) did not require ambulance transport to the hospital, and there were two deaths. Pre-hospital service through bicycles is an innovative strategy in Brazil and has shown to be promising in terms of reducing costs and improving the quality of the services offered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency" title="emergency">emergency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20time" title=" response time"> response time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prehospital%20care" title=" prehospital care"> prehospital care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urgency" title=" urgency"> urgency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79233/a-bicycle-based-model-of-prehospital-care-implanted-in-northeast-of-the-brazil-initial-experience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Physical Fitness Normative Reference Values among Lithuanian Primary School Students: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brigita%20Mieziene">Brigita Mieziene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arunas%20Emeljanovas"> Arunas Emeljanovas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vida%20Cesnaitiene"> Vida Cesnaitiene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ingunn%20Fjortoft"> Ingunn Fjortoft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lise%20Kjonniksen"> Lise Kjonniksen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background. Health-related physical fitness refers to the favorable health status, i.e. ability to perform daily activities with vigor, as well as capacities that are associated with a low risk for development of chronic diseases and premature death. However, in school-aged children it is constantly declining, while some aspects of fitness declined as much as 50 percent during the last two decades, which prognosticates increasingly earlier onset of health problems, decreasing the quality of life of the population and financial burden for the society. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to indicate nationally representative age- and gender-specific reference values of anthropometric measures, musculoskeletal, motor and cardiorespiratory fitness in Lithuanian primary school children from 6 to 10 years. Methods. The study included 3556 students in total, from 73 randomly selected schools. Ethics approval for research by the Kaunas Regional Ethics Committee (No. BE-2-42) was obtained. Physical fitness was measured by the 9-item test battery, developed by Fjørtoft and colleagues. Height and weight were measured and body mass index calculated. Smoothed centile charts were derived using the LMS method. Results. The numerical age- and gender-specific percentile values (3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th percentile) for anthropometric measures, musculoskeletal, motor and cardiorespiratory fitness were provided. The equivalent smoothed LMS curves were performed. The study indicated 12.5 percent of overweight and 5 percent of obese children in accordance with international gender and age specific norms of body mass index. This data could be used in clinical and educational settings in order to identify the level of individual physical fitness within its different components. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fitness" title="fitness">fitness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overweight" title=" overweight"> overweight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20school%20children" title=" primary school children"> primary school children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20values" title=" reference values"> reference values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smoothed%20percentile%20curves" title=" smoothed percentile curves"> smoothed percentile curves</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80985/physical-fitness-normative-reference-values-among-lithuanian-primary-school-students-population-based-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Hermitical Landscapes: The Congregation of Saint Paul of Serra De Ossa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rolando%20Volzone">Rolando Volzone</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Congregation of Saint Paul of Serra de Ossa (Ossa Mountain) was founded in 1482, originated by the eremitic movement of the homens da pobre vida (poor life men), which is documented since 1366. The community of hermits expanded up to the first half of the 15th century, mostly in southern Portugal in the Alentejo region. In 1578, following a process of institutionalization led by the Church, an autonomous congregation was set up, affiliated in the Hungarian Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit, until 1834, when the decree of dissolution of the religious orders disbanded all the convents and monasteries in Portugal. The architectural evidences that reached our days as a legacy of the hermitical movement in Serra de Ossa, although studied and analysed from an historical point of view, are still little known with respect to the architectural characteristics of its physical implantation and its relationship with the natural systems. This research intends to expose the appropriation process of the locus eremus as a starting point for the interpretation of this landscape, evidencing the close relationship between the religious experience and the physical space chosen to reach the perfection of the soul. The locus eremus is thus determined not only by practical aspects such as the absolute and relative location, orography, existence of water resources, or the King’s favoring to the religious and settlement action of the hermits, but also by spiritual aspects related to the symbolism of the physical elements present and the solitary walk of these men. These aspects, combined with the built architectural elements and other exerted human action, may be fertile ground for the definition of a hypothetical hermitical landscape based on the sufficiently distinctive characteristics that sustain it. The landscape built by these hermits is established as a cultural and material heritage, and its preservation is of utmost importance. They deeply understood this place and took advantage of its natural resources, manipulating them in an ecological and economically sustainable way, respecting the place, without overcoming its own genius loci but becoming part of it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title="architecture">architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congregation%20of%20Saint%20Paul%20of%20Serra%20de%20Ossa" title=" congregation of Saint Paul of Serra de Ossa"> congregation of Saint Paul of Serra de Ossa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heremitical%20landscape" title=" heremitical landscape"> heremitical landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locus%20eremus" title=" locus eremus"> locus eremus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87294/hermitical-landscapes-the-congregation-of-saint-paul-of-serra-de-ossa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Investigation of Deep Eutectic Solvents for Microwave Assisted Extraction and Headspace Gas Chromatographic Determination of Hexanal in Fat-Rich Food</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Birute%20Bugelyte">Birute Bugelyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ingrida%20Jurkute"> Ingrida Jurkute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vida%20Vickackaite"> Vida Vickackaite</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The most complicated step of the determination of volatile compounds in complex matrices is the separation of analytes from the matrix. Traditional analyte separation methods (liquid extraction, Soxhlet extraction) require a lot of time and labour; moreover, there is a risk to lose the volatile analytes. In recent years, headspace gas chromatography has been used to determine volatile compounds. To date, traditional extraction solvents have been used in headspace gas chromatography. As a rule, such solvents are rather volatile; therefore, a large amount of solvent vapour enters into the headspace together with the analyte. Because of that, the determination sensitivity of the analyte is reduced, a huge solvent peak in the chromatogram can overlap with the peaks of the analyts. The sensitivity is also limited by the fact that the sample can’t be heated at a higher temperature than the solvent boiling point. In 2018 it was suggested to replace traditional headspace gas chromatographic solvents with non-volatile, eco-friendly, biodegradable, inexpensive, and easy to prepare deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Generally, deep eutectic solvents have low vapour pressure, a relatively wide liquid range, much lower melting point than that of any of their individual components. Those features make DESs very attractive as matrix media for application in headspace gas chromatography. Also, DESs are polar compounds, so they can be applied for microwave assisted extraction. The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of applying deep eutectic solvents for microwave assisted extraction and headspace gas chromatographic determination of hexanal in fat-rich food. Hexanal is considered one of the most suitable indicators of lipid oxidation degree as it is the main secondary oxidation product of linoleic acid, which is one of the principal fatty acids of many edible oils. Eight hydrophilic and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents have been synthesized, and the influence of the temperature and microwaves on their headspace gas chromatographic behaviour has been investigated. Using the most suitable DES, microwave assisted extraction conditions and headspace gas chromatographic conditions have been optimized for the determination of hexanal in potato chips. Under optimized conditions, the quality parameters of the prepared technique have been determined. The suggested technique was applied for the determination of hexanal in potato chips and other fat-rich food. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20eutectic%20solvents" title="deep eutectic solvents">deep eutectic solvents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=headspace%20gas%20chromatography" title=" headspace gas chromatography"> headspace gas chromatography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hexanal" title=" hexanal"> hexanal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20assisted%20extraction" title=" microwave assisted extraction"> microwave assisted extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130578/investigation-of-deep-eutectic-solvents-for-microwave-assisted-extraction-and-headspace-gas-chromatographic-determination-of-hexanal-in-fat-rich-food" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> The Impact of E-Commerce in Changing Shopping Lifestyle of Urban Communities in Jakarta</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliana%20Kurniawati">Juliana Kurniawati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helen%20Diana%20Vida"> Helen Diana Vida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Visiting mall is one of the Indonesian communities’ lifestyle who live in urban areas. Indonesian people, especially who live in Jakarta, use a shopping mall as one of the favourite places to get pleasure. This mall visitors come from various social classes. They use the shopping mall as a place to identify themselves as urban people. Jakarta has a number of great shopping malls such as Plaza Indonesia, Plaza Senayan, Pondok Indah Mall, etc. The shopping malls become one of the popular places since Jakarta's public sphere such as parks and playgrounds are very limited in number compared to that of shopping malls. In Jakarta, people do not come to a shopping mall only for shopping. Sometimes they go there to look around, meet up with some friends, or watch a movie. We can find everything in the shopping malls. The principle of one-stop shopping becomes an attractive offer for urban people. The items for selling are various, from the cheap goods to the expensive ones. A new era in consumer culture began with the advent of shopping was localized in France in the 19th century. Since the development of the online store and the easier way to access the internet, everyone can shop 24 hours anywhere they want. The emergence of online store indirectly has an impact on the viability of conventional stores. In October 2017, in Indonesia, two outlets branded goods namely Lotus and Debenhams were closed. This may a result of increasingly rampant online stores and shopping style urban society shift. The rising of technology gives some influence on the development of e-commerce in Indonesia. Everyone can access e-commerce. However, those who can do it are the middle up class to high class people. The development of e-commerce in Indonesia is quite fast, we can observe the emergence of various online shopping sites on various social media platforms such as Zalora, Berrybenka, Bukalapak, Lazada, and Tokopedia. E-commerce is increasingly affecting people's lives in line with the development of lifestyle and increasing revenue. This research aims to know the reasons of urban society choosing e-commerce as a medium for grocery shopping, how e-commerce is affecting their shopping styles, as well as why society provides confidence in the online store for shopping. This research uses theories of lifestyle by David Chaney. The subject of this research is urban society who actively shop online on Zalora, the communities based in Jakarta. Zalora site was chosen because the site is selling branded goods. This research is expected to explain in detail about the changing style of the urban community from the shopping mall to digital media by emphasizing the aspect of public confidence towards the online store. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title="e-commerce">e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shopping" title=" shopping"> shopping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifestyle" title=" lifestyle"> lifestyle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=changing" title=" changing"> changing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84762/the-impact-of-e-commerce-in-changing-shopping-lifestyle-of-urban-communities-in-jakarta" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> The Comparison of Physical Fitness across Age and Gender in the Lithuanian Primary School Students: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arunas%20Emeljanovas">Arunas Emeljanovas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brigita%20Mieziene"> Brigita Mieziene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vida%20Cesnaitiene"> Vida Cesnaitiene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ingunn%20Fjortoft"> Ingunn Fjortoft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lise%20Kjonniksen"> Lise Kjonniksen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Gender differences in physical fitness were tracked in many studies with lower effect in preschool children and increasing difference among genders across age. In Lithuania, on a population level, secular trends in physical fitness were regularly observed each ten years for the last two decades for 11-18 years old students. However, there is apparently a lack of such epidemiological studies among primary school students. Assessing and monitoring physical fitness from an early age is of particular importance seeking to develop and strengthen physical abilities of youths for future health benefits. The goal of the current study was to indicate age and gender differences in anthropometric measures, musculoskeletal, motor and cardiorespiratory fitness in Lithuanian primary school children. Methods: The study included 3456 1-4th grade students from 6 to 10 years. The data reliably represents the population of primary school children in Lithuania. Among them, 1721 (49.8 percent) were boys. Physical fitness was measured by the 9-item test battery, developed by Fjørtoft and colleagues (2011). Height and weight were measured and body mass index was calculated. Student t test evaluated differences in physical fitness between boys and girls, ANOVA was performed to indicate differences across age. Results: All anthropometric and fitness means that were identified as significantly different were better in boys than in girls and in older than younger students (p < .05). Among anthropometric measures, height was higher in boys aged 7 through 9 years. Weight and BMI differed among boys and girls only at 8 years old. Means of height and weight increased significantly across all ages. Among musculoskeletal fitness tests, means of standing broad jump, throwing a tennis ball and pushing a medicine ball were different between genders within each age group and across all ages. Differences between genders were less likely in motor fitness than in musculoskeletal or cardiorespiratory fitness. Differences in means of shuttle run 10 x 5 test between genders occurred at age 6, 9 and 10 years; running 20 m at age 6 and 9 years, and climbing wall bars at age 9 and 10. Means of Reduced Cooper test representing cardiorespiratory fitness were different between genders within each age group but did not differ among age 6 and 8 as well as 7 and 8 years in boys, and among age 7 and 8 years in girls. Conclusion: In general, the current study confirms gender differences in musculoskeletal, motor and cardiorespiratory fitness found in other studies across the world in primary school and older children. Observed gender differences might be explained by higher physical activity in boys rather than girls. As it is explained by previous literature, older boys and girls had better performances than younger ones, because of the components of fitness change as a function of growth, maturation, development, and interactions among the three processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20school%20children" title="primary school children">primary school children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor%20fitness" title=" motor fitness"> motor fitness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=musculoskeletal%20fitness" title=" musculoskeletal fitness"> musculoskeletal fitness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20fitness" title=" cardiovascular fitness"> cardiovascular fitness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80991/the-comparison-of-physical-fitness-across-age-and-gender-in-the-lithuanian-primary-school-students-population-based-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80991.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Mother Tongues and the Death of Women: Applying Feminist Theory to Historically, Linguistically, and Philosophically Contextualize the Current Abortion Debate in Bolivia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jennifer%20Zelmer">Jennifer Zelmer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The debate regarding the morality, and therefore legality, of abortion has many social, political, and medical ramifications worldwide. In a developing country like Bolivia, carrying a pregnancy to delivery is incredibly risky. Given the very high maternal mortality rate in Bolivia, greater consideration has been given to the (de)criminalization of abortion – a contributing cause of maternal death. In the spring of 2017, the Bolivian government proposed to loosen restrictions on women’s access to receiving a safe abortion, which was met with harsh criticism from 'pro-vida' (pro-life) factions. Although the current Bolivian government Movimiento al Socialismo (Movement Toward Socialism) portrays an agenda of decolonization, or to seek a 'traditionally-modern' society, nevertheless, Bolivia still has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the Americas, because of centuries of colonial and patriarchal order. Applying a feminist critique and using the abortion debate as the central point, this paper argues that the 'traditionally-modern' society Bolivia strives towards is a paradox, and in fact only contributes to the reciprocal process of the death of 'mother tongues' and the unnecessary death of women. This claim is supported by a critical analysis of historical texts about Spanish Colonialism in Bolivia; the linguistic reality of reproductive educational strategies, and the philosophical framework which the Bolivian government and its citizens implement. This analysis is demonstrated in the current state of women’s access to reproductive healthcare in Cochabamba, Bolivia based on recent fieldwork which included audits of clinics and hospitals, interviews, and participant observation. This paper has two major findings: 1) the language used by opponents of abortion in Bolivia is not consistent with the claim of being 'pro-life' but more accurately with being 'pro-potential'; 2) when the topic of reproductive health appears in Cochabamba, Bolivia, it is often found written in the Spanish language, and does not cater to the many indigenous communities that inhabit or visit this city. Finally, this paper considers the crucial role of public health documentation to better inform the abortion debate, as well as the necessity of expanding reproductive health information to more than text-based materials in Cochabamba. This may include more culturally appropriate messages and mediums that cater to the oral tradition of the indigenous communities, who historically and currently have some of the highest fertility rates. If the objective of one who opposes abortion is to save human lives, then preventing the death of women should equally be of paramount importance. But rather, the 'pro-life' movement in Bolivia is willing to risk the lives of to-be mothers, by judicial punishment or death, for the chance of a potential baby. Until abortion is fully legal, safe, and accessible, there will always be the vestiges of colonial and patriarchal order in Bolivia which only perpetuates the needless death of women. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abortion" title="abortion">abortion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feminist%20theory" title=" feminist theory"> feminist theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quechua" title=" Quechua"> Quechua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproductive%20health%20education" title=" reproductive health education"> reproductive health education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82157/mother-tongues-and-the-death-of-women-applying-feminist-theory-to-historically-linguistically-and-philosophically-contextualize-the-current-abortion-debate-in-bolivia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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