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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-西部帝國的背景" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#西部帝國的背景"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>西部帝國的背景</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-西部帝國的背景-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关西部帝國的背景子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-西部帝國的背景-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-叛亂和紛爭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#叛亂和紛爭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>叛亂和紛爭</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-叛亂和紛爭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-經濟結構" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#經濟結構"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>經濟結構</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-經濟結構-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-三世紀危機" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#三世紀危機"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>三世紀危機</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-三世紀危機-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-四帝共治制" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#四帝共治制"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>四帝共治制</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-四帝共治制-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关歷史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-君士坦丁大帝" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#君士坦丁大帝"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>君士坦丁大帝</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-君士坦丁大帝-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-二次分裂" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#二次分裂"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>二次分裂</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-二次分裂-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-最終分裂" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#最終分裂"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>最終分裂</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-最終分裂-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-衰弱" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#衰弱"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>衰弱</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-衰弱-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-滅亡" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#滅亡"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>滅亡</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-滅亡-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-末代皇帝" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#末代皇帝"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>末代皇帝</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-末代皇帝-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-滅亡後的政治局勢" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#滅亡後的政治局勢"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>滅亡後的政治局勢</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-滅亡後的政治局勢-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关滅亡後的政治局勢子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-滅亡後的政治局勢-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-狄奧多里克大帝" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#狄奧多里克大帝"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>狄奧多里克大帝</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-狄奧多里克大帝-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-東羅馬帝國收復西部領土" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#東羅馬帝國收復西部領土"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>東羅馬帝國收復西部領土</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-東羅馬帝國收復西部領土-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-經濟" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#經濟"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>經濟</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-經濟-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>影響</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-皇帝列表" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#皇帝列表"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>皇帝列表</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-皇帝列表-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关皇帝列表子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-皇帝列表-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-四帝共治" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#四帝共治"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>四帝共治</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-四帝共治-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-君士坦丁王朝" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#君士坦丁王朝"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>君士坦丁王朝</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-君士坦丁王朝-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-瓦伦丁尼安王朝" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#瓦伦丁尼安王朝"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>瓦伦丁尼安王朝</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-瓦伦丁尼安王朝-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-西羅馬帝國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#西羅馬帝國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>西羅馬帝國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-西羅馬帝國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">西羅馬帝國</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。95种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">95种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes-Romeinse_Ryk" title="Wes-Romeinse Ryk – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wes-Romeinse Ryk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westr%C3%B6misches_Reich" title="Weströmisches Reich – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Weströmisches Reich" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Romano_d%27Occident" title="Imperio Romano d'Occident – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Imperio Romano d'Occident" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الإمبراطورية الرومانية الغربية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإمبراطورية الرومانية الغربية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الامبراطوريه الرومانيه الغربيه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الامبراطوريه الرومانيه الغربيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiu_romanu_d%27Occidente" title="Imperiu romanu d'Occidente – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Imperiu romanu d'Occidente" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99rbi_Roma_imperiyas%C4%B1" title="Qərbi Roma imperiyası – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qərbi Roma imperiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88" title="غربی روم ایمپیراتورلوغو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="غربی روم ایمپیراتورلوغو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Заходняя Рымская імперыя – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Заходняя Рымская імперыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Заходняя Рымская імпэрыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Заходняя Рымская імпэрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Западна Римска империя – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Западна Римска империя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="পশ্চিম রোমান সাম্রাজ্য – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পশ্চিম রোমান সাম্রাজ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impalaeriezh_roman_ar_C%27horn%C3%B4g" title="Impalaeriezh roman ar C'hornôg – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Impalaeriezh roman ar C'hornôg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadno_Rimsko_Carstvo" title="Zapadno Rimsko Carstvo – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zapadno Rimsko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0_d%27Occident" title="Imperi Romà d'Occident – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Imperi Romà d'Occident" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasadpang_Imperyong_Romano" title="Kasadpang Imperyong Romano – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kasadpang Imperyong Romano" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7" title="ئیمپراتۆریەتیی ڕۆمیی ڕۆژاوا – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیمپراتۆریەتیی ڕۆمیی ڕۆژاوا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1pado%C5%99%C3%ADmsk%C3%A1_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="Západořímská říše – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Západořímská říše" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestromerske_rige" title="Vestromerske rige – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vestromerske rige" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westr%C3%B6misches_Reich" title="Weströmisches Reich – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weströmisches Reich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A1%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Δυτική Ρωμαϊκή Αυτοκρατορία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυτική Ρωμαϊκή Αυτοκρατορία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Western Roman Empire" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okcident-Romia_Imperio" title="Okcident-Romia Imperio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Okcident-Romia Imperio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_romano_de_Occidente" title="Imperio romano de Occidente – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Imperio romano de Occidente" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Rooma_keisririik" title="Lääne-Rooma keisririik – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lääne-Rooma keisririik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendebaldeko_Erromatar_Inperioa" title="Mendebaldeko Erromatar Inperioa – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mendebaldeko Erromatar Inperioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="امپراتوری روم غربی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امپراتوری روم غربی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4nsi-Rooman_valtakunta" title="Länsi-Rooman valtakunta – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Länsi-Rooman valtakunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_romain_d%27Occident" title="Empire romain d'Occident – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Empire romain d'Occident" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waastr%C3%B6%C3%B6msk_Rik" title="Waaströömsk Rik – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Waaströömsk Rik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westromeinske_Ryk" title="Westromeinske Ryk – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Westromeinske Ryk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Romano_de_Occidente" title="Imperio Romano de Occidente – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Imperio Romano de Occidente" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="האימפריה הרומית המערבית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האימפריה הרומית המערבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="पश्चिमी रोमन साम्राज्य – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पश्चिमी रोमन साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadno_Rimsko_Carstvo" title="Zapadno Rimsko Carstvo – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zapadno Rimsko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyugatr%C3%B3mai_Birodalom" title="Nyugatrómai Birodalom – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyugatrómai Birodalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%B4%D5%BF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Արևմտյան Հռոմեական կայսրություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արևմտյան Հռոմեական կայսրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_roman_de_occidente" title="Imperio roman de occidente – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Imperio roman de occidente" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi_Barat" title="Kekaisaran Romawi Barat – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kekaisaran Romawi Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestr%C3%B3mverska_keisarad%C3%A6mi%C3%B0" title="Vestrómverska keisaradæmið – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vestrómverska keisaradæmið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_romano_d%27Occidente" title="Impero romano d'Occidente – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Impero romano d'Occidente" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="西ローマ帝国 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="西ローマ帝国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi_Kulon" title="Kekaisaran Romawi Kulon – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kekaisaran Romawi Kulon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%97_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="დასავლეთ რომის იმპერია – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დასავლეთ რომის იმპერია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="서로마 제국 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서로마 제국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Emperatoriya_Rom%C3%AA_ya_Rojava" title="Împeratoriya Romê ya Rojava – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Împeratoriya Romê ya Rojava" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium_Romanum_Occidentale" title="Imperium Romanum Occidentale – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Imperium Romanum Occidentale" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_Roman_Ueste" title="Impero Roman Ueste – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Impero Roman Ueste" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imper_Roman_d%27Ocident" title="Imper Roman d'Ocident – 伦巴第语" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Imper Roman d'Ocident" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="伦巴第语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakar%C5%B3_Romos_imperija" title="Vakarų Romos imperija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vakarų Romos imperija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rietumromas_imp%C4%93rija" title="Rietumromas impērija – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rietumromas impērija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Западно Римско Царство – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Западно Римско Царство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empayar_Rom_Barat" title="Empayar Rom Barat – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Empayar Rom Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westr%C3%B6%C3%B6msch_Riek" title="Weströömsch Riek – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Weströömsch Riek" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="पश्चिमी रोमन साम्राज्य – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पश्चिमी रोमन साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="पश्चिमी रोमन साम्राज्य – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पश्चिमी रोमन साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Romeinse_Rijk" title="West-Romeinse Rijk – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="West-Romeinse Rijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestromarriket" title="Vestromarriket – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vestromarriket" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestromerriket" title="Vestromerriket – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vestromerriket" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman_d%27Occident" title="Empèri Roman d'Occident – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Empèri Roman d'Occident" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਰੋਮਨ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਰੋਮਨ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impire_Romain_au_Coutchant" title="Impire Romain au Coutchant – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Impire Romain au Coutchant" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesarstwo_zachodniorzymskie" title="Cesarstwo zachodniorzymskie – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cesarstwo zachodniorzymskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="مغربی رومی سلطنت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مغربی رومی سلطنت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%90%D8%AF%DB%90%DA%81%D9%87_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%8A" title="لوېدېځه رومي سترواکي – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لوېدېځه رومي سترواکي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano_do_Ocidente" title="Império Romano do Ocidente – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Império Romano do Ocidente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiul_Roman_de_Apus" title="Imperiul Roman de Apus – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Imperiul Roman de Apus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Западная Римская империя – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Западная Римская империя" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C3%A8riu_romanu_de_Otzidente" title="Impèriu romanu de Otzidente – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Impèriu romanu de Otzidente" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastren_Roman_Empire" title="Wastren Roman Empire – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Wastren Roman Empire" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadno_Rimsko_Carstvo" title="Zapadno Rimsko Carstvo – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zapadno Rimsko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Western Roman Empire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1pador%C3%ADmska_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" title="Západorímska ríša – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Západorímska ríša" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="مغربی رومی سلطنت – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="مغربی رومی سلطنت" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahodno_rimsko_cesarstvo" title="Zahodno rimsko cesarstvo – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zahodno rimsko cesarstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perandoria_Romake_Per%C3%ABndimore" title="Perandoria Romake Perëndimore – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Perandoria Romake Perëndimore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Западно римско царство – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Западно римско царство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4stromerska_riket" title="Västromerska riket – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Västromerska riket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dola_la_Roma_Magharibi" title="Dola la Roma Magharibi – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dola la Roma Magharibi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="மேற்கு உரோமைப் பேரரசு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேற்கு உரோமைப் பேரரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81" title="จักรวรรดิโรมันตะวันตก – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรวรรดิโรมันตะวันตก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanlurang_Imperyong_Romano" title="Kanlurang Imperyong Romano – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kanlurang Imperyong Romano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Roma_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Batı Roma İmparatorluğu – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Batı Roma İmparatorluğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Західна Римська імперія – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Західна Римська імперія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="مغربی رومی سلطنت – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مغربی رومی سلطنت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inpero_roman_de_Osidente" title="Inpero roman de Osidente – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Inpero roman de Osidente" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%BF_qu%E1%BB%91c_T%C3%A2y_La_M%C3%A3" title="Đế quốc Tây La Mã – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đế quốc Tây La Mã" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Romeins_Ryk" title="West-Romeins Ryk – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="West-Romeins Ryk" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katundan_nga_Imperyo_Romano" title="Katundan nga Imperyo Romano – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Katundan nga Imperyo Romano" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="西罗马帝国 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="西罗马帝国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბჟადალი რომიშ იმპერია – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბჟადალი რომიშ იმპერია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80%E1%BB%8Dbal%C3%BAay%C3%A9_R%C3%B3m%C3%B9_Ap%C3%A1%C3%ACw%E1%BB%8D%CC%80or%C3%B9n" title="Ilẹ̀ọbalúayé Rómù Apáìwọ̀orùn – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ilẹ̀ọbalúayé Rómù Apáìwọ̀orùn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="西羅馬帝國 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="西羅馬帝國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sai_L%C3%B4-m%C3%A1_T%C3%A8-kok" title="Sai Lô-má Tè-kok – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sai Lô-má Tè-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="西羅馬帝國 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西羅馬帝國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84055776">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">罗马帝国<br /><small>（西羅馬时期）</small></div><div class="ib-country-names"><span lang="la"><i>Senatus Populusque Romanus</i></span><br /><span lang="la"><i>Imperium Romanum</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">395年—476年</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 2px 0 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_roman_empire_Labarum.png" class="mw-file-description" title="西羅馬帝國拉布蘭旗"><img alt="西羅馬帝國拉布蘭旗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Western_roman_empire_Labarum.png/110px-Western_roman_empire_Labarum.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Western_roman_empire_Labarum.png/165px-Western_roman_empire_Labarum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Western_roman_empire_Labarum.png/220px-Western_roman_empire_Labarum.png 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="1120" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%83%E8%98%AD%E6%97%97" title="拉布蘭旗">拉布蘭旗</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 5px 0 2px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_Labarum.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="西羅馬帝國凱樂符號"><img alt="西羅馬帝國凱樂符號" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Simple_Labarum.svg/80px-Simple_Labarum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Simple_Labarum.svg/120px-Simple_Labarum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Simple_Labarum.svg/160px-Simple_Labarum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="127" data-file-height="178" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E6%A8%82%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="凱樂符號">凱樂符號</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><b>格言：</b><a href="/wiki/SPQR" title="SPQR">元老院與羅馬人民</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Roman_Empire_-_400_AD.png" class="mw-file-description" title="400年的西羅馬帝國"><img alt="400年的西羅馬帝國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Western_Roman_Empire_-_400_AD.png/250px-Western_Roman_Empire_-_400_AD.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Western_Roman_Empire_-_400_AD.png/375px-Western_Roman_Empire_-_400_AD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Western_Roman_Empire_-_400_AD.png/500px-Western_Roman_Empire_-_400_AD.png 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="4949" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">400年的西羅馬帝國</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">首都</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E8%98%AD" title="米蘭">米蘭</a><small>（395－402年）</small><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%87%E7%B4%8D" title="拉文納">拉文納</a><small>（402－455年,473－476年）</small> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬">羅馬</a><small>（455－473年）</small> </p> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E7%89%B9" title="斯普利特">斯普利特</a><small>（475－480年）</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">常用语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">宗教<div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">政府</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">君主制</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="羅馬皇帝">皇帝</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 395年－423年 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E8%AB%BE%E7%95%99" title="弗拉維烏斯·奧古斯都·霍諾留">霍諾里烏斯</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 425年－455年 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E4%BC%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%B0%BC%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="瓦伦丁尼安三世">瓦倫丁尼安三世</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 457年－461年 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E4%B9%94%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="墨乔里安">墨喬里安</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 475年－476年 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%85%95%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="羅慕路斯·奧古斯都">羅慕路斯·奧古斯都</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">立法机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%83%E8%80%81%E9%99%A2" title="羅馬元老院">羅馬元老院</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">历史时期</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%9F" title="古典时代晚期">古典時代晚期</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="狄奧多西一世">狄奧多西一世</a>過世 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">395年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="西哥特人">西哥特人</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E4%B9%8B%E5%8A%AB_(410%E5%B9%B4)" title="罗马之劫 (410年)">攻佔羅馬</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">410年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 西羅馬-西哥特聯軍於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E9%9A%86%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="沙隆戰役">沙隆戰役</a>擊敗<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E4%BA%BA" title="匈人">匈人</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8F%90%E6%8B%89" title="阿提拉">阿提拉</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">451年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="汪達爾人">汪達爾人</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬之劫 (455年)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sack of Rome (455)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E4%B9%8B%E5%8A%AB_(455%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬之劫 (455年)（页面不存在）">攻佔羅馬</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(455)" class="extiw" title="en:Sack of Rome (455)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sack of Rome (455)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">455年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 西羅馬於<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿雷拉戰役" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Battle of Arelate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%9B%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿雷拉戰役（页面不存在）">阿雷拉戰役</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Arelate" class="extiw" title="en:Battle of Arelate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Battle of Arelate</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>擊敗西哥特人 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">458年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%85%95%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="羅慕路斯·奧古斯都">羅慕路斯</a>退位<br />（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日耳曼蠻族攻佔拉文納" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Battle of Ravenna (476)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%A0%BB%E6%97%8F%E6%94%BB%E4%BD%94%E6%8B%89%E6%96%87%E7%B4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼蠻族攻佔拉文納（页面不存在）">日耳曼蠻族攻佔拉文納</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ravenna_(476)" class="extiw" title="en:Battle of Ravenna (476)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Battle of Ravenna (476)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>） </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">476年</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="">面积</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">395年<sup id="cite_ref-size_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-size-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">約200萬平方公里</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>前身</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>继承</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/20px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/30px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/40px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">羅馬帝國</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">東羅馬帝國</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Labarum_of_Constantine_the_Great.svg/20px-Labarum_of_Constantine_the_Great.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Labarum_of_Constantine_the_Great.svg/30px-Labarum_of_Constantine_the_Great.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Labarum_of_Constantine_the_Great.svg/40px-Labarum_of_Constantine_the_Great.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="406" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="東哥德王國">東哥德王國</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E7%93%A6%E6%9D%BE%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="蘇瓦松王國">蘇瓦松王國</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A2%A0" title="次罗马不列颠">次羅馬不列顛</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古意大利王國（页面不存在）">古意大利王國</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94-%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="汪达尔-阿兰王国">汪達爾-阿蘭王國</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭克王國">法蘭克王國</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#008C45"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="義大利歷史"><span style="color:white">意大利历史</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1770_Janvier_Map_of_Italy_-_Geographicus_-_Italy-janvier-1770.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old map of Italian peninsula"><img alt="Old map of Italian peninsula" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/1770_Janvier_Map_of_Italy_-_Geographicus_-_Italy-janvier-1770.jpg/200px-1770_Janvier_Map_of_Italy_-_Geographicus_-_Italy-janvier-1770.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/1770_Janvier_Map_of_Italy_-_Geographicus_-_Italy-janvier-1770.jpg/300px-1770_Janvier_Map_of_Italy_-_Geographicus_-_Italy-janvier-1770.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/1770_Janvier_Map_of_Italy_-_Geographicus_-_Italy-janvier-1770.jpg/400px-1770_Janvier_Map_of_Italy_-_Geographicus_-_Italy-janvier-1770.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2801" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background:#CD212A"> <span style="color:white">历史系列条目</span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">起源</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="史前意大利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prehistoric Italy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史前意大利（页面不存在）">史前意大利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistoric_Italy" class="extiw" title="en:Prehistoric Italy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prehistoric Italy</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%8E%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="伊特拉斯坎文明">伊特鲁里亚文明</a>（约前12世纪－前6世纪）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="大希腊">大希腊</a>（约前8世纪－前7世纪）</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="古罗马">古罗马</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬王國">羅馬王國</a>（前753年－前509年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="罗马共和国">罗马共和国</a>（前509年－27年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">羅馬帝國</a>（27年－286年）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9_(%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" title="義大利 (羅馬帝國)">罗马帝国时期的意大利</a>）</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">西羅馬帝國</a>（286年－476年）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA" title="意大利大区">西罗马帝国时期的意大利大区</a>）</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">后罗马时期</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%E4%BA%9E%E5%A1%9E" title="奧多亞塞">奧多亞塞</a>（476年－493年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="東哥德王國">東哥德王國</a>（493年－553年）</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">中世纪</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%9A%84%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="中世纪的意大利">中世纪的意大利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E5%B7%B4%E5%BA%95%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="倫巴底王國">倫巴底王國</a>（568年－774年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD_(774%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%94962%E5%B9%B4)" title="意大利王国 (774年—962年)">意大利王国 (中世纪)</a>（774年－962年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="南意大利的伊斯兰历史">南意大利的伊斯兰历史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="意大利王国 (神圣罗马帝国)">神圣罗马帝国时期</a>（962年－1801年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D%E5%8D%97%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="诺曼征服南意大利">诺曼征服南意大利</a>（999年－1139年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="西西里王國">西西里王國</a>（1130年－1816年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="海上共和国">海上共和国</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%9F%8E%E9%82%A6" title="意大利城邦">意大利城邦国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%92%E5%B0%94%E7%94%AB%E6%B4%BE%E5%92%8C%E5%90%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%9E%97%E6%B4%BE" title="归尔甫派和吉伯林派">归尔甫派和吉伯林派</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">近代</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" title="義大利文藝復興">義大利文藝復興</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="意大利战争">意大利战争</a>（1494年－1559年）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="近代意大利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Italy (1559–1814)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="近代意大利（页面不存在）">近代意大利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Italy_(1559%E2%80%931814)" class="extiw" title="en:History of Italy (1559–1814)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Italy (1559–1814)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（1559年－1814年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B_(%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3)" title="義大利共和國 (拿破崙時代)">拿破仑意大利共和国</a>（1802年－1805年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3)" title="義大利王國 (拿破崙時代)">拿破仑意大利王国</a>（1805年－1814年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80" title="意大利統一">意大利統一</a>（1848年－1871年）</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">现代</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(1861%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941946%E5%B9%B4)" title="義大利王國 (1861年—1946年)">意大利王国</a>（1861年－1946年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="意大利殖民帝国">意大利殖民帝国</a>（1882年－1947年）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第一次世界大战时期的意大利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of Italy during World War I"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第一次世界大战时期的意大利（页面不存在）">一战时期的意大利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of Italy during World War I"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of Italy during World War I</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（1914年－1918年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9_(1922%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941943%E5%B9%B4)" title="法西斯義大利 (1922年—1943年)">法西斯義大利 (1922年—1943年)</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次世界大战时期的意大利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of Italy during World War II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大战时期的意大利（页面不存在）">二战时期的意大利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of Italy during World War II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of Italy during World War II</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（1940年－1945年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" title="意大利内战">意大利内战</a>（1943年－1945年）</li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="義大利抵抗運動">意大利抵抗运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="意大利社会共和国">意大利社会共和国</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意大利共和国歷史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Italian Republic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利共和国歷史（页面不存在）">意大利共和国</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Italian_Republic" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Italian Republic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Italian Republic</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（1946年－至今）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85%E8%89%B2%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3_(%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9)" title="铅色年代 (意大利)">鉛色年代</a>（1970年代－1980年代）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85" title="2019冠状病毒病意大利疫情">冠状病毒疫情</a>（2020年）</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">话题</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意大利历史上的王国" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of historic states of Italy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利历史上的王国（页面不存在）">意大利历史上的王国</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" class="extiw" title="en:List of historic states of Italy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of historic states of Italy</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意大利公民权利的历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Italian citizenship"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利公民权利的历史（页面不存在）">公民权利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Italian_citizenship" class="extiw" title="en:History of Italian citizenship"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Italian citizenship</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意大利钱币的历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of coins in Italy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E9%92%B1%E5%B8%81%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利钱币的历史（页面不存在）">钱币史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy" class="extiw" title="en:History of coins in Italy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of coins in Italy</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意大利经济史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economic history of Italy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利经济史（页面不存在）">经济史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history_of_Italy" class="extiw" title="en:Economic history of Italy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economic history of Italy</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意大利时装的历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Italian fashion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6%E8%A3%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利时装的历史（页面不存在）">时装史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion" class="extiw" title="en:History of Italian fashion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Italian fashion</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意大利遗传史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Genetic history of Italy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利遗传史（页面不存在）">遗传史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Italy" class="extiw" title="en:Genetic history of Italy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Genetic history of Italy</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意大利军事史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of Italy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利军事史（页面不存在）">军事史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of Italy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of Italy</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意大利音乐史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Music history of Italy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利音乐史（页面不存在）">音乐史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_history_of_Italy" class="extiw" title="en:Music history of Italy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Music history of Italy</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意大利邮票及邮政史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Postage stamps and postal history of Italy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E9%82%AE%E7%A5%A8%E5%8F%8A%E9%82%AE%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利邮票及邮政史（页面不存在）">邮政史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Italy" class="extiw" title="en:Postage stamps and postal history of Italy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Postage stamps and postal history of Italy</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意大利铁路运输的历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of rail transport in Italy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF%E8%BF%90%E8%BE%93%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利铁路运输的历史（页面不存在）">铁路史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Italy" class="extiw" title="en:History of rail transport in Italy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of rail transport in Italy</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意大利历史年表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of Italian history"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利历史年表（页面不存在）">年表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Italian_history" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of Italian history"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of Italian history</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/48px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/64px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:意大利">意大利主题</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Template:意大利历史"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Template talk:意大利历史"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:意大利历史"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>西羅馬帝國</b>是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">羅馬帝國</a>基於286年被<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%85%88" title="戴克里先">戴克里先</a>分為兩部份後，把政權一分為二建立<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B8%9D%E5%85%B1%E6%B2%BB%E5%88%B6" title="四帝共治制">四帝共治制</a>，從而開始有的東西兩部的概念，位處西部的部分即是在395年最後分裂的西羅馬帝國；而東部最後則成為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">東羅馬帝國</a>（即拜占庭帝國）。正式名稱與東羅馬帝國相同，均用<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬共和國">羅馬共和時代</a>的「元老院與羅馬人民」（Senatus Populusque Romanus）。而當時羅馬人並不認為國家已被劃分為兩個獨立的形式，而是視為由兩個朝廷管理的單一政體。由於西羅馬帝國日趨減弱，因而受到東羅馬帝國的扶持。476年西羅馬帝國被<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="日耳曼人">日耳曼</a>吞併，直到480年東羅馬皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E8%AB%BE_(%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="芝諾 (羅馬帝國)">弗拉維·芝諾</a>根據西羅馬帝國覆亡之故自立為唯一的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="羅馬皇帝">羅馬皇帝</a>。 </p><p>西羅馬帝國的皇帝之位在3世紀到5世紀間斷續存在。隨著戴克里先建立的四帝共治制，<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="君士坦丁大帝">君士坦丁大帝</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%89" title="尤利安">尤利安</a>（324－363年）遷都拜占廷後重新統一羅馬，但是在<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="狄奧多西一世">狄奧多西一世</a>在395年過世後又把帝國分割分別給兩個兒子繼承<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>476年9月4日，<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="日耳曼人">日耳曼</a>裔將領<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%E4%BA%9E%E5%A1%9E" title="奧多亞塞">奧多亞塞</a>控制義大利全境，導致僅擁立一年的西羅馬皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%85%95%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="羅慕路斯·奧古斯都">羅慕路斯·奧古斯都</a>被迫退位，歷史學者<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E6%9C%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="愛德華·吉本">愛德華·吉本</a>亦將西羅馬帝國的滅亡定於這一年。另有觀點定於西元480年曾在羅慕路斯之前上位的原西羅馬皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF" title="尼波斯">尼波斯</a>逝世的那年，因為他在流亡後仍獲東羅馬和奧多亞塞等勢力的形式上承認。由於羅馬帝國在欧洲历史上中的巨大影响力，因此西元476年西羅馬帝國灭亡之时，一般也被劃分為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="古代歐洲">古代歐洲</a>的終結，並進入了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="中古時代">中古時代</a>。 </p><p>480年以後，東羅馬帝國的芝諾體認到西羅馬帝國消亡的事實便自立為唯一的羅馬皇帝，並先後冊封入主西羅馬舊地的日爾曼裔統治者<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%E4%BA%9E%E5%A1%9E" title="奧多亞塞">奧多亞塞</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="狄奧多里克大帝">狄奧多里克</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B" title="意大利國王">意大利國王</a>。 </p><p>800年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬教會">羅馬教會</a>為了與當時位於東羅馬帝國的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" title="東正教">東正教</a>抗衡，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="法兰克王国">法蘭克</a>國王<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="查理大帝">查理曼</a>被教宗<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E8%89%AF%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="教宗良三世">利奧三世</a>加冕為羅馬人的皇帝，而查理大帝亦被視作繼承西羅馬帝國，並形成了一個新的皇室世系；之後發展成<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬帝國</a>，而<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="神圣罗马皇帝">神圣罗马皇帝</a>也以繼承西羅馬皇帝自居<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但是這個「復活」的西羅馬帝國不論在血統還是語言上都已經與原本的古羅馬沒有關聯了。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="西部帝國的背景"><span id=".E8.A5.BF.E9.83.A8.E5.B8.9D.E5.9C.8B.E7.9A.84.E8.83.8C.E6.99.AF"></span>西部帝國的背景</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：西部帝國的背景"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Republic_in_40bC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Roman_Republic_in_40bC.svg/250px-Roman_Republic_in_40bC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Roman_Republic_in_40bC.svg/375px-Roman_Republic_in_40bC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Roman_Republic_in_40bC.svg/500px-Roman_Republic_in_40bC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>在屋大維開始對外征服的共和國版圖</figcaption></figure> <p>古罗马在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬共和國">共和時期</a>的對外擴張，都是以羅馬城為中心，这導致無法控制較为偏遠的省分。通訊成為帝國首要的問題。帝国重要的时事资讯，如新的入侵、暴動、天災和傳染病爆發，往往需要藉著船舶或著驛站傳到羅馬的各個省分，因此羅馬必須在每個省分派駐總督。 </p><p>在帝國建立初期的疆域是承襲<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬共和">羅馬共和</a>時期<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E4%B8%89%E9%A0%AD%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="後三頭同盟">後三頭同盟</a>的領土：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="馬克·安東尼">馬克·安東尼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%8B%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="屋大維">屋大維</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%BF%85%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="雷必達">雷必達</a>。 </p><p>安東尼占據的帝國東方－<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%A5%E4%BA%9A_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81)" title="亚该亚 (罗马行省)">亞該亞行省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81" title="马其顿行省">馬其頓行省</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81" title="马其顿行省">伊庇魯斯行省</a>（相當今日的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘">希臘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾巴尼亞">阿爾巴尼亞</a>和部分<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="克羅埃西亞">克羅埃西亞</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E6%8F%90%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="比提尼亞">比提尼亞行省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%BD" title="本都">本都行省</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%BB%86%E4%BA%9A_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81)" title="亚细亚 (罗马行省)">亞細亞行省</a>（今日的土耳其）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81)" title="叙利亚 (罗马行省)">敘利亞行省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%B5%A6%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81)" title="塞浦路斯 (罗马行省)">賽普勒斯行省</a>，這些領土涵蓋了古代<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="马其顿帝国">马其顿帝国</a>所征服的領土，因此多數貴族都來自希臘境內，安東尼所轄之處特別是都市地區受到希臘化的影響。屋大維則占據的帝國西方－義大利行省（今日的義大利）、高盧行省（今日的法國）、高盧比利時（今日的低地國家）以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="西班牙行省">西班牙行省</a>（今日的伊比利半島），其領土包含了希臘等地的海岸地區，<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="凱爾特人">凱爾特人</a>的居住地，例如：高盧人以及凱爾特伊比利亞人，還有占據<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%9D%9E%E5%88%A9%E5%8A%A0_(%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81)" title="阿非利加 (羅馬行省)">阿非利加行省</a>部分地區（今日的突尼西亞），另外還有<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81" title="西西里行省">西西里行省</a>（今日的西西里島）。 </p><p>在擊敗安東尼之後，勝利的屋大維統一羅馬。當時帝國充斥著各種地方文化，這被稱作羅馬化。當東方的希臘文化碰上了西方的拉丁文化產生了融合，影響了政治、軍事的發展，最後帝國的分治也是因此劃分。 </p><p>西元284年，羅馬帝國內亂不斷，外敵也紛紛入侵，而且軍人專政，干預皇帝廢立，所以新皇帝戴克里先上任後，自知一人無力应付奴隸起義及异族入侵，於是把羅馬帝國西半部（即<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%9B%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="高盧">高盧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B" class="mw-disambig" title="不列顛">不列顛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="中歐">中歐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E" title="北非">北非</a>）交由其好友<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF%E7%B1%B3%E5%AE%89" title="馬克西米安">馬克西米安</a>管治，自己則管治羅馬帝國東半部（即<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E5%B9%B9%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="巴爾幹半島">巴爾幹半島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="东南欧">東南歐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%9E%E7%B4%B0%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="小亞細亞">小亞細亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" class="mw-disambig" title="巴勒斯坦">巴勒斯坦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="叙利亚">叙利亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦">约旦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>）。兩人也分別設立副職，並由四人合治國家，史稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B8%9D%E5%85%B1%E6%B2%BB%E5%88%B6" title="四帝共治制">四帝共治制</a>。其後<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">羅馬帝國</a>皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="君士坦丁大帝">君士坦丁一世</a>遷都<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" title="君士坦丁堡">君士坦丁堡</a>並統一羅馬，但在西元3世紀至西元5世紀之間東西帝國斷斷續續的存在。西元395年，最後一名羅馬帝國統一皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="狄奧多西一世">狄奧多西一世</a>立下遺言，把帝國照戴克里先的分法分給自己的兩個兒子，東部分給長子<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%A1%E7%8B%84%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF" title="阿卡狄奧斯">阿卡狄烏斯</a>，西部分給幼子<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E8%AB%BE%E7%95%99" title="弗拉維烏斯·奧古斯都·霍諾留">霍諾里烏斯</a>，分別治理。西羅馬帝國定都<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E8%92%82%E5%A5%A7%E6%8B%89%E5%8A%AA" title="梅蒂奧拉努">梅蒂奧拉努</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E8%98%AD" title="米蘭">米蘭</a>的古稱）。東羅馬帝國（後稱拜占庭帝國）則定都<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" title="君士坦丁堡">君士坦丁堡</a>（今<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%A0%A1" title="伊斯坦堡">伊斯坦堡</a>）。自此之後羅馬帝國永久分裂。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="叛亂和紛爭"><span id=".E5.8F.9B.E4.BA.82.E5.92.8C.E7.B4.9B.E7.88.AD"></span>叛亂和紛爭</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：叛亂和紛爭"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>帝國內經常出現小型的叛亂和起義，尤其是剛被征服的部落以及城市，因此<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%BB%8D%E5%9C%98" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬軍團">軍隊</a>也時常出兵鎮壓。在和平的時期可以簡單地平定內亂，但在戰爭時期則相對困難，其中一個例子就是<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" class="mw-redirect" title="犹太战争">猶太戰爭</a>。 </p><p>在戰爭全面爆發時，率領軍團的將領（例如：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%95%E5%85%88" class="mw-redirect" title="维斯帕先">維斯帕先</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）通常比和平時多更多，為了確保指揮官的忠誠，會挾持其家人做為人質，最後<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="尼祿">尼祿</a>控制了<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%AF%86%E5%96%84" class="mw-redirect" title="圖密善">圖密善</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%86%E5%9C%96%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="昆圖斯（页面不存在）">昆圖斯</a>，他們分別是維斯帕先的兒子以及妹夫，尼祿統治到最後只有僅剩的禁衛軍也起義，以致尼祿的皇位最終也只能落入<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%BA%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4" title="塞尔维乌斯·苏尔皮基乌斯·加尔巴">塞爾維烏斯·蘇爾皮基烏斯·加爾巴</a>手中，禁衛軍最常引用的譬喻是：「<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E6%91%A9%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="達摩克里斯">達摩克里斯</a>之劍」，也被視作忠誠堪慮的代表，由此可知位處邊疆的軍團往往會加入內戰。 </p><p>西羅馬帝國主要的敵人是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="日耳曼人">日耳曼人</a>，他們的土地在廣大的<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="萊茵河">萊茵河</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%91%99%E6%B2%B3" title="多瑙河">多瑙河</a>之畔。屋大維在公元九年的東部擴張中遭到了當地日耳曼人的頑強抵抗，結果在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%9D%E9%A0%93%E5%A0%A1%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="條頓堡森林戰役">條頓堡森林戰役</a>中羅馬軍團幾乎全軍覆沒。在東方的安息帝國成為另一邊的勁敵，該國距離遙遠以及國力強盛以致不曾被征服，安息帝國每次的入侵均遭擊退，安息每次也擊敗羅馬的攻勢，但是也有少數戰勝的紀錄，例如圖拉真，然而這些離羅馬太遠的新領土最後都只能放棄，以確保和安息的和平相處。 </p><p>控制原本羅馬帝國的西部領土是比較容易的，因為日耳曼人並不像安息一樣團結，無論如何在兩邊都爆發戰爭時都是難以控制的，皇帝如果身在東部當然對該區的控制力比較強而對西部較弱，反之亦然，戰爭的確為不少皇帝執政帶來危機，卻也為不少皇帝開創未來。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="經濟結構"><span id=".E7.B6.93.E6.BF.9F.E7.B5.90.E6.A7.8B"></span>經濟結構</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：經濟結構"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>羅馬以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利半島">義大利半島</a>開始出現通貨膨脹，導致經濟發展遲緩，工業以及資金紛紛移出，在二世紀初期在義大利之外省份出身的皇帝，他們執政期間導致義大利行省經濟的敗壞，例如：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E6%8B%89%E7%9C%9F" title="圖拉真">圖拉真</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%E8%89%AF" title="哈德良">哈德良</a>，持續擴大的經濟問題最終導致帝國的崩潰。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="三世紀危機"><span id=".E4.B8.89.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80.E5.8D.B1.E6.A9.9F"></span>三世紀危機</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：三世紀危機"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" title="三世紀危機">三世紀危機</a></div><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Roman_Empire_map.svg/250px-Roman_Empire_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Roman_Empire_map.svg/375px-Roman_Empire_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Roman_Empire_map.svg/500px-Roman_Empire_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2777" data-file-height="2206" /></a><figcaption>268年羅馬帝國疆域</figcaption></figure><p>235年3月18日皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E7%B6%AD%E9%AD%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="亞歷山大·塞維魯">亞歷山大·塞維魯</a>被暗殺，羅馬陷入長達五十年的內戰，這段期間史稱「三世紀危機」。勇猛善戰的<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E7%8F%8A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="薩珊王朝">薩珊王朝</a>發跡於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9A" title="帕提亚">帕提亞</a>，取代安息帝國成為羅馬東部的心腹大患，隨著危機的白熱化，皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%8B%92%E8%89%AF" title="瓦勒良">瓦勒良</a>在259年東征波斯卻兵敗被俘，其長子<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%E6%81%A9%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="加里恩努斯">加里恩努斯</a>繼承皇位並再次對東方展開攻勢。日耳曼地區的總督波斯圖穆斯發動叛變，在基帕拿（今<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%9A%86" title="科隆">科隆</a>）殺死加里恩努斯之子<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="薩洛尼努斯">薩洛尼努斯</a>，並建立<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%9B%A7%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="高盧帝國">高盧帝國</a>與羅馬對峙。 </p><p>高盧帝國建都於基帕拿並且迅速的掌握日耳曼以及高盧行省，甚至是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81)" class="mw-redirect" title="西班牙 (罗马行省)">伊比利半島</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="不列顛尼亞">不列顛尼亞</a>，並設有<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E8%80%81%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="元老院">元老院</a>及執政官，基本上維持了羅馬的宗教、語言以及文化，對日耳曼部落的戰績不亞於羅馬，然羅馬皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%B3%E7%8B%84%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="克劳狄二世">克勞狄二世</a>（268年到270年在位）在擊退蠻族的入侵後，收復了獨立將近十年的高盧帝國之部分領地，與此同時帝國東部的數個省份被女帝芝諾比亞統治的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%B1%B3%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="巴尔米拉">巴爾米拉王國</a>攻陷。272年皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8B%92%E8%89%AF" title="奥勒良">奧勒良</a>收復東部失土，俘虜芝諾比亞，在穩定東方的局勢後他將矛頭對向西方，在一年內把高盧帝國收復，高盧帝國的皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%BA%93%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="泰特里库斯一世">泰特里庫斯一世</a>及其子二世心向羅馬，期望重回帝國的懷抱，在一夜的密談中泰特里庫斯的軍隊投降，奧勒良重新把三分的羅馬帝國統一。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="四帝共治制"><span id=".E5.9B.9B.E5.B8.9D.E5.85.B1.E6.B2.BB.E5.88.B6"></span>四帝共治制</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：四帝共治制"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%B6mische_Tetrarchie-zh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/R%C3%B6mische_Tetrarchie-zh.svg/250px-R%C3%B6mische_Tetrarchie-zh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/R%C3%B6mische_Tetrarchie-zh.svg/375px-R%C3%B6mische_Tetrarchie-zh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/R%C3%B6mische_Tetrarchie-zh.svg/500px-R%C3%B6mische_Tetrarchie-zh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1713" data-file-height="1275" /></a><figcaption>四帝共治下的羅馬領土架構</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B8%9D%E5%85%B1%E6%B2%BB%E5%88%B6" title="四帝共治制">四帝共治制</a></div> <p>羅馬無限度的擴張最終使自身陷入三世紀危機，在275年奧勒良被暗殺到戴克里先繼位之間的十餘年，至少有八位皇帝被殺，而兇手都是其所屬的軍隊。 </p><p>在戴克里先以降羅馬帝國的政治發展有很大的轉折，285年他任命<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF%E7%B1%B3%E5%AE%89" title="馬克西米安">馬克西米安</a>為副帝並授予奧古斯都的頭銜，與其共治羅馬而馬克西米安治理帝國西部，在293年<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%97%E9%87%8C%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="伽列里乌斯">伽列里烏斯</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%8F%90%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="君士坦提烏斯一世">君士坦提烏斯一世</a>被任命為凱撒（副皇帝），戴克里先帝造了第一次四帝共治制，這體系把帝國分成四大區塊也建造了四個有別於羅馬的帝都，以避免三世紀的窘境重演，在西部馬克西米安定都於米蘭，君斯坦提定都<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94" title="特里尔">特里爾</a>，在東部的首都分別是西錫爾米烏姆以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E7%B1%B3%E5%BA%95%E4%BA%9E" title="尼科米底亞">尼科米底亞</a>，305年5月1日兩位奧古斯都同時遜位，由他們原先的凱撒升任，並由新任的奧古斯都任命新的凱撒，締造了第二次四帝共治制。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="君士坦丁大帝"><span id=".E5.90.9B.E5.A3.AB.E5.9D.A6.E4.B8.81.E5.A4.A7.E5.B8.9D"></span>君士坦丁大帝</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：君士坦丁大帝"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="君士坦丁大帝">君士坦丁大帝</a></div> <p>四帝共治制在君士坦提烏斯一世於306年逝世後產生重大轉折，其子<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="君士坦丁大帝">君士坦丁大帝</a>宣布在不列顛繼任奧古斯都，企圖接掌整個帝國西部，308年東部的奧古斯丁<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%97%E9%87%8C%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="伽列里乌斯">伽列里烏斯</a>召開會議命令<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E9%8C%AB%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="李錫尼">李錫尼</a>為西部名義上的奧古斯都，然而君士坦丁的雄心不止於帝國西部，而是想統一整個羅馬，在東西方一系列的戰役後，在314年君士坦丁和李錫尼分別統制帝國的兩邊，324年君士坦丁在亞德里亞堡戰役中擊敗李錫尼統一羅馬。君士坦丁於330年宣告定都「<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="新罗马">新羅馬</a>」（也被稱作「<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" title="君士坦丁堡">君士坦丁堡</a>」），他也被認為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">東羅馬帝國</a>(即後世所稱的拜占庭帝國)的首任皇帝。君士坦丁大帝最具影響的是把<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>合法化，使基督教文化影響西方社會至今。 </p><p> 四帝共治制雖然結束但這個統治的理念卻留下來了，羅馬最終分成兩個帝國，賢君聖主可以把帝國回歸到<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="單一制">單一制</a>的統治下，卻在帝王死後一次次的分成東西兩部。</p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Impero_Romano_da_maggio_a_settembre_337.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Impero_Romano_da_maggio_a_settembre_337.png/250px-Impero_Romano_da_maggio_a_settembre_337.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Impero_Romano_da_maggio_a_settembre_337.png/375px-Impero_Romano_da_maggio_a_settembre_337.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Impero_Romano_da_maggio_a_settembre_337.png/500px-Impero_Romano_da_maggio_a_settembre_337.png 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption>此次分治是君士坦丁大帝在各地分封凱撒，從左到右分別是：<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="君士坦丁二世">君士坦丁二世</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="君士坦斯一世">君士坦斯一世</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%8F%90%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="君士坦提烏斯二世">君士坦提烏斯二世</a>，337年5月君士坦丁大帝逝世，三人瓜分帝國，而其他親屬全遭君士坦提烏斯殺害。</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="二次分裂"><span id=".E4.BA.8C.E6.AC.A1.E5.88.86.E8.A3.82"></span>二次分裂</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：二次分裂"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>317年君士坦提烏斯二世誕生於<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E8%AF%BA%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="潘诺尼亚">潘諾尼亞</a>，是為君士坦丁大帝所生的三個兒子之一，也是和大帝第二任妻子法烏斯塔所生，而法烏斯塔則是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF%E7%B1%B3%E9%80%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬克西米連（页面不存在）">馬克西米連</a>之女，君士坦提烏斯於327年11月13日被其父封為凱撒<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，羅馬重新回到唯一的皇帝統治，卻在337年結束統一，內戰在大帝三個兒子之間爆發，帝國也因此三分<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，直到350年君士坦斯被部下馬格嫩提烏斯所弒，隨後馬格嫩提烏斯於353年敗於君士坦提烏斯。 </p><p>君士坦提烏斯的根據地主要分布於東方，361年君士坦提烏斯病逝，原本被任命為凱撒治理西部的堂弟<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%89" title="尤利安">尤利安</a>繼位，363年尤利安在遠征波斯<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E7%8F%8A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="薩珊王朝">薩珊王朝</a>時戰死，364年約維安繼位。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="最終分裂"><span id=".E6.9C.80.E7.B5.82.E5.88.86.E8.A3.82"></span>最終分裂</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：最終分裂"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> 364年約維安逝世，<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%80%AB%E6%8F%90%E5%B0%BC%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="瓦倫提尼安一世">瓦倫提尼安一世</a>繼位，他把帝國再次分割並把東半部給予其弟<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF" title="瓦伦斯">瓦倫斯</a>，然而穩定並未能維持很久，衝突因為外力侵入而來，376年<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="西哥德人">西哥德人</a>被<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E4%BA%BA" title="匈人">匈人</a>一路擊退，最後被允許進入帝國東部生活，然而事態終究失控而爆發<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89%E5%A0%A1%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="阿德里安堡戰役">阿德里安堡戰役</a>，瓦倫斯本人也死於亂軍之中，從此國界改變，帝國的國情以及對外關係也不再相同<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reichsteilung-zh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Reichsteilung-zh.svg/250px-Reichsteilung-zh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Reichsteilung-zh.svg/375px-Reichsteilung-zh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Reichsteilung-zh.svg/500px-Reichsteilung-zh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2562" data-file-height="1516" /></a><figcaption>395年狄奧多西過世後帝國分裂後的版圖</figcaption></figure><p>瓦倫提尼安一世逝世後，他的兒子及繼承人<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%8F%90%E5%AE%89" title="格拉提安">格拉提安</a>在379年任命<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="狄奧多西一世">狄奧多西</a>為東部皇帝。格拉提安在383年遭受馬克希穆斯的背叛而死，狄奧多西未具實力與馬克希穆斯一戰，故先與其議和。然而政局並未穩定，388年狄奧多西擊敗馬克希穆斯，西部名義上改由<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E4%BC%A6%E6%8F%90%E5%B0%BC%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="瓦伦提尼安二世">瓦倫提尼安二世</a>統治，但東部的狄奧多西一世卻想要整合權力，392年瓦倫提尼安驟逝，狄奧多西順理成章的成為統一羅馬的皇帝。 </p><p>394年狄奧多西平定帝國內亂，直到隔年他過世帝國都維持統一，他也是羅馬帝國最後一位維持統一的皇帝，其長子<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%A1%E8%BF%AA%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="阿卡迪乌斯">阿卡迪烏斯</a>接掌帝國東部，幼子<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E8%AB%BE%E7%95%99" title="弗拉維烏斯·奧古斯都·霍諾留">弗拉維烏斯·奧古斯都·霍諾留</a>接掌帝國西部，此時帝國的文化已經羅馬－蠻族半摻，此影響卻也是之後東部存在較為長久的因素，在狄奧多西逝世後兩國依河分界而治，並自此後帝國再也沒有統一過。 </p><p>之後西帝國無力阻擋跨越<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="萊茵河">萊茵河</a>來犯的部落——<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="日耳曼人">日耳曼</a>，408年西哥德人更兵臨城下。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="衰弱"><span id=".E8.A1.B0.E5.BC.B1"></span>衰弱</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：衰弱"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>西羅馬帝國自建立之初便被<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="哥德人">哥德人</a>首領<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%8B%89%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="亚拉里克一世">阿拉里克</a>不斷入侵。 </p><p>西元408年阿拉里克帶兵進攻<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利半島">義大利半島</a>，並兵臨<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬">羅馬城</a>，皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E8%AB%BE%E7%95%99" title="弗拉維烏斯·奧古斯都·霍諾留">霍諾留</a>躲了起來，於是阿拉里克的蠻族軍隊包圍羅馬，令羅馬城爆發了瘟疫，元老院不得不交出5000磅黃金、30000磅白銀和众多的金銀珠寶來求和。西元409年阿拉里克再次包圍羅馬城，趕走西羅馬帝國皇帝霍諾留，幸好東羅馬帝國皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%A1%E7%8B%84%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF" title="阿卡狄奧斯">阿卡狄烏斯</a>念手足之情支援他，霍諾留因此保住皇位。西元410年，阿拉里克又一次包圍羅馬城，蠻族軍隊在城內杀掠三天，大獲而歸。而羅馬城則遭到了严重的毁坏。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>西元410年至西元439年，霍諾留扶立<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E4%BC%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%B0%BC%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="瓦伦丁尼安三世">瓦倫丁尼安三世</a>成為西羅馬帝國的軍事首腦，令帝國整整平穩了30多年。 </p><p>但至西元439年<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="汪达尔人">汪達爾人</a>建立<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94-%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="汪达尔-阿兰王国">汪达尔-阿蘭王國</a>，強大阿蘭王國的海軍不停從海路襲擊西羅馬帝國，於西元455年攻進羅馬城，罗马城遭受毁灭性破坏，西羅馬帝國皇帝被殺，此次劫后余生的罗马城还剩下7000人。西元445年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E4%BA%BA" title="匈人">匈人</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8F%90%E6%8B%89" title="阿提拉">阿提拉</a>入侵西羅馬帝國。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="滅亡"><span id=".E6.BB.85.E4.BA.A1"></span>滅亡</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：滅亡"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%AF%B9%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%E5%AF%B9%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5.png/250px-%E5%AF%B9%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%E5%AF%B9%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5.png/375px-%E5%AF%B9%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%E5%AF%B9%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5.png/500px-%E5%AF%B9%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5.png 2x" data-file-width="1962" data-file-height="1374" /></a><figcaption>100－500年日耳曼人與匈人入侵羅馬的路線圖</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_460_AD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Roman_Empire_460_AD.png/300px-Roman_Empire_460_AD.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Roman_Empire_460_AD.png/450px-Roman_Empire_460_AD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Roman_Empire_460_AD.png/600px-Roman_Empire_460_AD.png 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>460年的情勢圖</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:628px-Western_and_Eastern_Roman_Empires_476AD(3).PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/628px-Western_and_Eastern_Roman_Empires_476AD%283%29.PNG/250px-628px-Western_and_Eastern_Roman_Empires_476AD%283%29.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/628px-Western_and_Eastern_Roman_Empires_476AD%283%29.PNG/375px-628px-Western_and_Eastern_Roman_Empires_476AD%283%29.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/628px-Western_and_Eastern_Roman_Empires_476AD%283%29.PNG/500px-628px-Western_and_Eastern_Roman_Empires_476AD%283%29.PNG 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="259" /></a><figcaption>476年的東西羅馬帝國</figcaption></figure> <p>在408年<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8F%90%E5%88%A9%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="斯提利科">斯提利科</a>被讒言所害後，皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E8%AB%BE%E7%95%99" title="弗拉維烏斯·奧古斯都·霍諾留">弗拉維烏斯·奧古斯都·霍諾留</a>也在423年撒手人寰，他維持的疆域也隨之崩潰，早在410年<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%8B%89%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="亚拉里克一世">亞拉里克一世</a>就曾予以帝國沉重的打擊，此舉在歷史上有重大意義，羅馬的國都終於在5世紀時被異族攻陷，甚至直搗西西里島以及非洲，之後也有蠻族攻陷西班牙的部分地區，之後<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E8%A5%BF%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC)" title="君士坦丁三世 (西罗马)">君士坦丁三世</a>在407年下令不列顛的軍隊跨海回防高盧，遺棄了在不列顛島上的羅馬公民。霍諾留逝世後，東羅馬扶植瓦倫丁尼安三世為帝，西羅馬此時已經無力維持軍隊規模。 </p><p>西羅馬帝國在407年與西遷至西歐地區<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E4%BA%BA" title="匈人">匈人</a>結盟擊敗<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="勃艮第人">勃艮地人</a>的入侵，於433年擊敗<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E4%BC%8F%E4%BE%9D" title="薩伏依">薩伏依人</a>，儘管在強力的盟友協助下重新控制部分地區，在此世紀結束之際西羅馬帝國已經消耗太多的國力，勃艮地地區再次被奪走。444年匈人領袖<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8F%90%E6%8B%89" title="阿提拉">阿提拉</a>和西羅馬同盟，並同意迎娶公主也是皇帝的姐姐霍諾利亞，以準備攻擊西哥德王國。面對強勁的對手－西哥德王國，加上出爾反爾的西羅馬帝國，阿提拉攻擊高盧地區，雙方爆發著名的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E9%9A%86%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="沙隆戰役">沙隆戰役</a>，哥德－羅馬聯軍雖然勝利，但是西哥德王迪奧多里克卻陣亡。匈人儘管因為戰敗而退出高盧，但是阿提拉很快的整軍直搗義大利本土，教宗利奧一世出面乞和。453年阿提拉驟逝，留下龐大的帝國被繼任者分裂，最終消失在歷史的舞台。在非洲地區，汪達爾人<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%8B%E8%96%A9%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B" title="蓋薩里克">蓋薩里克</a>在429年從西班牙跨海攻擊，並於435年兵不血刃的占領<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%A4%AA%E5%9F%BA" title="迦太基">迦太基</a>，於439年建立起獨立的國家並成立強大的海軍，瓦倫丁尼安派遣艦隊與其貿易，汪達爾王國控制地中海西部絕大多數的島嶼以及海岸。455年汪達爾人攻陷羅馬，利奧再次出面調停。 </p><p>多數蠻族因為在西羅馬的庇護下免於被匈人所滅，4世紀50年代日耳曼人反而對西羅馬入侵，於後的二十年間西羅馬的皇帝不斷被蠻族領袖所俘、驅逐或是被弒，從被阿提拉流放的瓦倫丁尼安，到末代皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF" title="尼波斯">尼波斯</a>結局都差不多，蠻族領袖甚至扶植自己的兒子為帝。475年<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%91%9E%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="欧瑞斯特">歐瑞斯特</a>趕走西羅馬皇帝尼波斯，扶植自己的兒子<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%85%95%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="羅慕路斯·奧古斯都">羅慕路斯·奧古斯都</a>為西羅馬皇帝。476年<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%E4%BA%9E%E5%A1%9E" title="奧多亞塞">奧多亞塞</a>殺死歐瑞斯特，廢黜羅慕路斯·奧古斯都，自立為意大利國王，這也象徵西羅馬帝國的覆亡。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman-Empire_477ad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Roman-Empire_477ad.jpg/250px-Roman-Empire_477ad.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Roman-Empire_477ad.jpg/375px-Roman-Empire_477ad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Roman-Empire_477ad.jpg/500px-Roman-Empire_477ad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1405" data-file-height="954" /></a><figcaption>末代皇帝羅慕路斯退位後，477年歐洲的羅馬領地。</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="末代皇帝"><span id=".E6.9C.AB.E4.BB.A3.E7.9A.87.E5.B8.9D"></span>末代皇帝</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：末代皇帝"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>西羅馬帝國一般認定的滅亡日期是476年9月4日，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%E4%BA%9E%E5%A1%9E" title="奧多亞塞">奧多亞塞</a>罷黜<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%85%95%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="羅慕路斯·奧古斯都">羅慕路斯·奧古斯都</a>，但缺乏具體史料使細節仍是謎團。尼波斯依舊自稱西羅馬皇帝，他控制<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E9%A6%AC%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9E_(%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81)" title="達爾馬提亞 (羅馬行省)">達爾馬提亞</a>直到480年被殺。東羅馬帝國的皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E8%AB%BE_(%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="芝諾 (羅馬帝國)">芝諾</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E7%93%A6%E6%9D%BE%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="蘇瓦松王國">蘇瓦松王國</a>統治者<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%85%8B%E7%AB%8B%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="夏克立乌斯">夏克立乌斯</a>也接受尼波斯主張。奧多亞塞在自封<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B" title="意大利國王">義大利的領袖</a>後效忠芝諾，芝諾也正式冊封他承認其合法性，而奧多亞塞依舊遙尊尼波斯為西羅馬皇帝，在義大利的貨幣中依舊是尼波斯的肖像和名諱。480年尼波斯被暗殺後，芝諾廢除西羅馬皇帝皇位並宣布自己是羅馬帝國唯一皇帝。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ostrogothic_Kingdom.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ostrogothic_Kingdom.png/250px-Ostrogothic_Kingdom.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ostrogothic_Kingdom.png/375px-Ostrogothic_Kingdom.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ostrogothic_Kingdom.png/500px-Ostrogothic_Kingdom.png 2x" data-file-width="536" data-file-height="284" /></a><figcaption>奧多亞塞極盛時期的版圖</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="滅亡後的政治局勢"><span id=".E6.BB.85.E4.BA.A1.E5.BE.8C.E7.9A.84.E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB.E5.B1.80.E5.8B.A2"></span>滅亡後的政治局勢</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：滅亡後的政治局勢"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="狄奧多里克大帝"><span id=".E7.8B.84.E5.A5.A7.E5.A4.9A.E9.87.8C.E5.85.8B.E5.A4.A7.E5.B8.9D"></span>狄奧多里克大帝</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：狄奧多里克大帝"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>493年<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="東哥德王國">東哥德</a>國王<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="狄奧多里克大帝">狄奧多里克大帝</a>挑戰<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%E4%BA%9E%E5%A1%9E" title="奧多亞塞">奧多亞塞</a>，他聯合拜占廷皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E8%AB%BE_(%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="芝諾 (羅馬帝國)">芝諾</a>來對付宿敵奧多亞塞，在誘殺奧多亞塞後他被拜占廷帝國冊封為總督，儘管實際上狄奧多里克大帝的地位是和拜占廷平起平坐的。 </p><p>526年狄奧多里克大帝逝世之後，原先西羅馬帝國的境內被各個日耳曼民族統治，這些日耳曼民族也逐漸開始使用羅馬法，而拜占廷此時正值查士丁尼王朝統治，第二任皇帝查士丁尼一世有意恢復羅馬帝國，故向義大利半島進攻並收復該地。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="東羅馬帝國收復西部領土"><span id=".E6.9D.B1.E7.BE.85.E9.A6.AC.E5.B8.9D.E5.9C.8B.E6.94.B6.E5.BE.A9.E8.A5.BF.E9.83.A8.E9.A0.98.E5.9C.9F"></span>東羅馬帝國收復西部領土</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：東羅馬帝國收復西部領土"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justinien_527-565.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Justinien_527-565.svg/250px-Justinien_527-565.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Justinien_527-565.svg/375px-Justinien_527-565.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Justinien_527-565.svg/500px-Justinien_527-565.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1810" data-file-height="871" /></a><figcaption>查士丁尼一世527年剛繼位的版圖（紅色），到565年收復的版圖。</figcaption></figure> <p>在古典時代晚期到中世紀初期的時間，東羅馬帝國試圖收復西部那些被外族佔領的地區，在6世紀更積極攻取原西羅馬帝國極盛的版圖。其中最具成就的是皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%A3%AB%E4%B8%81%E5%B0%BC%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="查士丁尼一世">查士丁尼一世</a>，在位期間派出其麾下名將<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E5%88%A9%E6%92%92%E7%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="貝利撒留">貝利撒留</a>，先收復被汪達爾人占據的北非，並光復<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%A4%AA%E5%9F%BA" title="迦太基">迦太基</a>。此役乃收復義大利半島的前哨站，之後更完全收復該地，並接著收復<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="伊比利半島">伊比利半島</a>的南部。然而在查士丁尼逝世後，東羅馬帝國無力管理這些剛被收復的領土，<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E5%B7%B4%E5%BA%95%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="倫巴底人">倫巴底人</a>於568年開始統治北義大利。 </p><p>儘管日後的東羅馬皇帝都企圖收復西羅馬的失地，卻沒有一個成就可以比擬查士丁尼，此後歐洲的東西部分治也導致日後的命運各不相同。在查士丁尼逝世之後帝國努力守護既有傳統的邊界，7世紀後東羅馬帝國的軍力已經大不如前。儘管東西羅馬兩個帝國的命運是大不相同的，然而其結局卻如出一轍。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="經濟"><span id=".E7.B6.93.E6.BF.9F"></span>經濟</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：經濟"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在西部低度的都市化加上人口擴張，增加帝國晚期部分行省的經濟負擔，南部的義大利與北部的高盧，甚至西班牙部分地區都難以維持駐軍，然而富饒的東部就沒有贫困的問題，最好的例證就是<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="君士坦丁大帝">君士坦丁大帝</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%8F%90%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="君士坦提烏斯二世">君士坦提烏斯二世</a>憑藉著東方統治整個羅馬帝國，因此替拜占廷提供了職業軍人也替他們招募到傭兵，於此同時西羅馬帝國就無法負荷此等財力，在防禦方面拜占廷就可以負擔，而西羅馬不能，因此凸顯出差異也導致結局不同。 </p><p>政治、經濟以及軍事促使拜占廷資源集中也維持該國的安定，他們在軍事要衝以及貿易路線設置防禦據點，然而無能為力的西羅馬帝國版圖終究支離破碎，402年帝都最後遷至<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%87%E7%B4%8D" title="拉文納">拉文納</a>，主因在於拜占廷的艦隊容易馳援，但該地位處沼澤之中，經濟力仍被羅馬政府以及元老院的貴族掌控，特別是義大利以及非洲地區，皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%E6%81%A9%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="加里恩努斯">加里恩努斯</a>在三世紀危機把被軍隊控制的元老院奪走後，元老院就喪失最大的利益所在——軍隊，5世紀初葉元老院內的地主階級在很大的層度上被限制服兵役，但仍夠藉著大的財力維持在帝國西部的實力，在4世紀帝國西部的高盧以及萊茵河沿岸部屬重兵防禦蠻族，當時<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94" title="特里尔">特里爾</a>聚集超過帝都的資源以防禦<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="法蘭克人">法蘭克人</a>，394年<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="狄奧多西一世">狄奧多西一世</a>與葉夫根尼（Eugenius）之間爆發內戰，剛建立不久的西部帝國調離不列顛以及萊茵地區的兵力來防禦義大利，從此以後局勢逼變，西部再也無法防止蠻族越界侵入。 </p><p>西羅馬帝國的資源相當貧瘠，也缺少人力籌備武裝力量，只好招募蠻族的部隊來負責防務，然而政府卻無力給付薪資，以至蠻族一步步入侵領土，政府被迫增加稅金來應付軍費開支。隨著中央勢力衰弱終使帝國邊疆行省喪失，最後只能控制沿<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海</a>的地區，羅馬皇帝試圖維持領海權，不料<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="汪達爾人">汪達爾人</a>卻征服<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E" title="北非">北非</a>地區，帝國深陷蠻族包圍只能掌握鮮少的資源，喪失非洲的行省後義大利半島形同孤島，經濟無力穩定而崩潰。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="影響"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF"></span>影響</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：影響"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="羅曼語族">羅曼語族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%A8" title="民法大全">民法大全</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="大陸法系">大陸法系</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教會">天主教會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="文學">文學</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%B8%E5%83%8F%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胸像雕塑（页面不存在）">胸像雕塑</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="城市">城市</a></div> <p>隨著西羅馬帝國的覆亡，新進的日耳曼民族占據原本羅馬的行省分而治之，此舉也延續羅馬法及其傳統，原先的日耳曼部落大多已經基督化，屬於<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%83%8F%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE" title="阿里烏教派">阿里烏教派</a>，在侵入羅馬後紛紛改歸<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="天主教">天主教</a>，以獲取當地羅馬公民的效忠，也同時轉為支持較具實力的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教會">天主教會</a>，儘管他們保持了部落既有的法律，卻無法避免<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬法">羅馬法</a>的影響。 </p><p>羅馬法係由查士丁尼一世彙編的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%A8" title="民法大全">民法大全</a>為主要架構，是為古代的私法也是現代的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="大陸法系">大陸法系</a>的基礎，而<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="海洋法系">海洋法系</a>則是基於日耳曼人的英格蘭-薩克遜法演變而來。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>在現代幾乎形同<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="死語">死語</a>，其與鄰近的日耳曼語族和<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="凱爾特語族">凱爾特語族</a>融合，成為現代的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="羅曼語族">羅曼語族</a>，例如：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法語">法語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西班牙語">西班牙語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" title="葡萄牙語">葡萄牙語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞語">羅馬尼亞語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E7%BE%85%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="加泰羅尼亞語">加泰羅尼亞語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="奧克語">奧克語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E4%BB%80%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="羅曼什語">羅曼什語</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>拉丁文也影響了<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="日耳曼語族">日耳曼語族</a>例如：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="英文">英文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="德文">德文</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭文">荷蘭文</a>，甚至包含了<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="凱爾特語">凱爾特語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾巴尼亞語">阿爾巴尼亞語</a>，也涵蓋了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯拉夫語系（页面不存在）">斯拉夫語系</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭語">波蘭語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="捷克語">捷克語</a>，還有和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="印歐民族">印歐民族</a>毫不相干的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="匈牙利語">匈牙利語</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>也發展出新的字母如J（從I發展而來）、U（從V發展而來），日耳曼語和波蘭語還發展出了W，這些影響涵蓋當今地球上拼寫字母系統，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬數字">羅馬數字</a>至今仍被使用，但其地位正遭受<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉伯數字">阿拉伯數字</a>的挑戰。 </p><p>政治思想也被羅馬的皇帝制度有所影響，皇帝兼任宗教領袖（先是羅馬的多神信仰的大祭司，後成為基督教皇帝）因此成為唯一的統治者，儘管到了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中世紀">中世紀</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬帝國</a>的皇帝仍堅持自稱為繼承西羅馬的帝位以維護統治的正當性，而這又是緣於800年<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E8%89%AF%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="教宗良三世">教宗良三世</a>向<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E6%9B%BC" title="查理曼">查理曼</a>求援，在事成後封其為「羅馬人的皇帝」，而神聖羅馬帝國可以在中世紀以帝號自居（其他國家大多稱王），是因為羅馬政治的共治制，該國認定<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BB%B7%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="拜占廷帝國">拜占廷帝國</a>是帝國的共治者，而兩國是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="古羅馬">古羅馬</a>的繼承人，此舉直到1806年結束，法國在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B" title="路易十四">路易十四</a>時代國力大幅增加以使法國具有<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="殖民帝国">帝國</a>的地位，為<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="拿破崙一世">拿破崙一世</a>稱帝奠基基礎，而拿破崙在該年擊敗以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="奧地利帝國">奧地利帝國</a>為首的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E5%8F%8D%E6%B3%95%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" title="第四次反法同盟">第四次反法同盟</a>，迫使其取消神聖羅馬帝國的帝號。 </p><p>西羅馬帝國的遺產還包含了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教會">天主教會</a>，天主教會逐漸取代西羅馬帝國的權威，成為西歐最具權威的組織，也穩定5世紀羅馬覆亡後的亂世，也藉此強化法律、人民以及行政資源，因此出現<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E4%BF%AE" title="安波羅修">安波羅修</a>之類的宗教強人，在羅馬遭受日耳曼部落入侵後的大黑暗時期（9－10世紀），天主教會成為唯一的權威，影響力也逐漸到了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90" title="北歐">北歐</a>。 </p><p>總結一下西羅馬帝國的覆亡，有對以下層面重要的影響： </p> <ul><li>社會：西羅馬帝國的滅亡，完結了<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="西歐">西歐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E" title="北非">北非</a>等地的奴隸社會。</li> <li>歷史：由於羅馬帝國的重大影響，所以於西元476年西羅馬帝國衰落後，一般也被劃分為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="古代歐洲">古代歐洲</a>的終結，並進入了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="中古時代">中古時代</a>。</li> <li>民族：後來由外族瓜分的西羅馬帝國，成為今天一些<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>國家的前身。</li> <li>政治：歐洲之後不再有統一政權。</li> <li>局勢：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E9%BB%91%E6%9A%97%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="歐洲黑暗時代">歐洲黑暗時代</a>展開。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="皇帝列表"><span id=".E7.9A.87.E5.B8.9D.E5.88.97.E8.A1.A8"></span>皇帝列表</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：皇帝列表"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="四帝共治"><span id=".E5.9B.9B.E5.B8.9D.E5.85.B1.E6.B2.BB"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B8%9D%E5%85%B1%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="四帝共治">四帝共治</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：四帝共治"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>东西部各有两帝，一为正帝，称<b>奥古斯都</b>，一为副帝，称<b>凯撒</b>。正帝退位后由副帝补上，但这种承继制度在<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%85%88" title="戴克里先">戴克里先</a>死后无人执行。 </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%" style="vertical-align:top;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">在位 </th> <th width="15%">拉丁文名 </th> <th width="20%">中文譯名 </th> <th width="25%">皇号 </th> <th width="15%">备注 </th></tr> <tr> <td>286年－305年</td> <td>MAXIMIANVS </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF%E7%B1%B3%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="马克西米安">马克西米安</a> </td> <td><small>IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS <b>MAXIMIANVS</b> PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS</small> </td> <td>与戴克里先同为奥古斯都，掌管西部，被迫自殺 </td></tr> <tr> <td>305年－306年 </td> <td>CONSTANTIVS I </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%8F%90%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="君士坦提乌斯一世">君士坦提乌斯一世</a> </td> <td><small>IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS FLAVIVS VALERIVS <b>CONSTANTIVS</b> AVGVSTVS</small> </td> <td>与伽列里乌斯同为恺撒，305年成为西部奥古斯都，与伽列里乌斯为共治皇帝 </td></tr> <tr> <td>306年－307年</td> <td>SEVERVS II </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%BB%B4%E9%B2%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="塞维鲁二世">塞维鲁二世</a> </td> <td><small>IMPERATOR <b>SEVERVS</b> PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS</small> </td> <td>305年成为恺撒，306年成为西部奥古斯都，与伽列里乌斯为共治皇帝 </td></tr> <tr> <td>306年－312年</td> <td>MAXENTIVS </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE%E6%8F%90%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="马克森提乌斯">马克森提乌斯</a> </td> <td><small>MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS <b>MAXENTIVS</b> PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS</small> </td> <td>306年起自称皇帝，被君士坦丁一世打败，被废黜 </td></tr> <tr> <td>324年</td> <td>MARTINIANVS </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8F%90%E5%B0%BC%E5%AE%89%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="马提尼安努斯">马提尼安努斯</a> </td> <td><small>IMPERATOR CAESAR SEXTVS MARCIVS <b>MARTINIANVS</b> PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS</small> </td> <td>324年起为西部奥古斯都，与李锡尼为共治皇帝，被杀 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="君士坦丁王朝"><span id=".E5.90.9B.E5.A3.AB.E5.9D.A6.E4.B8.81.E7.8E.8B.E6.9C.9D"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="君士坦丁王朝">君士坦丁王朝</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：君士坦丁王朝"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%" style="vertical-align:top;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">在位 </th> <th width="15%">拉丁文名 </th> <th width="20%">中文譯名 </th> <th width="25%">皇号 </th> <th width="15%">备注 </th></tr> <tr> <td>307年－337年 </td> <td>CONSTANTINVS I </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="君士坦丁大帝">君士坦丁一世</a> </td> <td><small>IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS <b>CONSTANTINVS</b> PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS PATER PATRIAE PROCONSVL</small> </td> <td>原为四帝共治中的西帝，后击败其他诸帝，成为罗马帝国唯一统治者。第一位信基督教的皇帝 </td></tr> <tr> <td>337年－340年</td> <td>CONSTANTINVS II </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="君士坦丁二世 (罗马帝国)">君士坦丁二世</a> </td> <td><small>IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS VALERIVS <b>CONSTANTINVS</b> AVGVSTVS</small> </td> <td>君士坦丁一世死后，国分为三，君士坦丁二世得一份。阵亡 </td></tr> <tr> <td>337年－361年</td> <td>CONSTANTIVS II </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%8F%90%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="君士坦提烏斯二世">君士坦提乌斯二世</a> </td> <td><small>IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS IVLIVS <b>CONSTANTIVS</b> AVGVSTVS</small> </td> <td>君士坦丁一世死后，国分为三，君士坦提乌斯二世得一份。 </td></tr> <tr> <td>337年－350年</td> <td>CONSTANS </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="君士坦斯一世">君士坦斯一世</a> </td> <td><small>IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS IVLIVS <b>CONSTANS</b> AVGVSTVS</small> </td> <td>君士坦丁一世死后，国分为三，君士坦斯得一份。被马格嫩提乌斯所杀 </td></tr> <tr> <td>350年－353年</td> <td>MAGNVS MAGENTIVS </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%A0%BC%E5%AB%A9%E6%8F%90%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="马格嫩提乌斯">马格嫩提乌斯</a> </td> <td><small>IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS <b>MAGNVS MAGENTIVS</b> AVGVSTVS</small> </td> <td>篡位者，自杀 </td></tr> <tr> <td>350年</td> <td>Vetriano </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="维特里亚诺（页面不存在）">维特里亚诺</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>自立为帝 </td></tr> <tr> <td>350年</td> <td>Nepotianus </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%A2%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9A%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼波提亚努斯（页面不存在）">尼波提亚努斯</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>自立为帝 </td></tr> <tr> <td>361年－363年</td> <td>IVLIANVS </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%89" title="尤利安">尤利安</a>（背教者） </td> <td><small>IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS CLAVDIVS <b>IVLIANVS</b> AVGVSTVS</small> </td> <td>阵亡 </td></tr> <tr> <td>363年－364年 </td> <td>IOVIANVS</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%B4%E5%AE%89" title="约维安">约维安</a> </td> <td><small>IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS <b>IOVIANVS</b> AVGVSTVS</small> </td> <td>暴死 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="瓦伦丁尼安王朝"><span id=".E7.93.A6.E4.BC.A6.E4.B8.81.E5.B0.BC.E5.AE.89.E7.8E.8B.E6.9C.9D"></span><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E4%BC%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%B0%BC%E5%AE%89%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="瓦伦丁尼安王朝">瓦伦丁尼安王朝</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：瓦伦丁尼安王朝"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%" style="vertical-align:top;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">在位 </th> <th width="15%">拉丁文名 </th> <th width="20%">中文譯名 </th> <th width="25%">皇号 </th> <th width="15%">备注 </th></tr> <tr> <td>364年－375年</td> <td>VALENTINIANVS I </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E4%BC%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%B0%BC%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="瓦伦丁尼安一世">瓦伦丁尼安一世</a> </td> <td><small>IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS <b>VALENTINIANVS</b> PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS</small> </td> <td>西帝 </td></tr> <tr> <td>367年－383年</td> <td>GRATIANVS </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%8F%90%E5%AE%89" title="格拉提安">格拉提安</a> </td> <td><small>IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS <b>GRATIANVS</b> PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS</small> </td> <td>被叛军所杀 </td></tr> <tr> <td>375年－392年</td> <td>VALENTINIANVS II </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E4%BC%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%B0%BC%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="瓦伦丁尼安二世">瓦伦丁尼安二世</a> </td> <td><small>IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS <b>VALENTINIANVS</b> PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS</small> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>383年－388年</td> <td>Magnus Maximus </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%A0%BC%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E6%A0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF" title="马格努斯·马格西穆斯">马格努斯·马克西穆斯</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>西部的篡位者，被狄奥多西一世处死 </td></tr> <tr> <td>386年－388年</td> <td>Flavius Victor </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B%E6%89%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗拉维乌斯·维克托（页面不存在）">弗拉维乌斯·维克托</a></td> <td>  </td> <td>马格努斯·马克西穆斯之子，被狄奥多西一世所杀 </td></tr> <tr> <td>392年－394年</td> <td>Eugenius </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%A0%B9%E5%B0%BC%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧根尼乌斯（页面不存在）">欧根尼乌斯</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>西部的篡位者，阵亡 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="西羅馬帝國"><span id=".E8.A5.BF.E7.BE.85.E9.A6.AC.E5.B8.9D.E5.9C.8B"></span>西羅馬帝國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：西羅馬帝國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%" style="vertical-align:top;"> <caption>西羅馬帝國統治者<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th width="15%">在位 </th> <th width="15%">拉丁文名 </th> <th width="20%">中文譯名 </th> <th width="25%">皇号 </th> <th width="15%">备注 </th></tr> <tr> <td>395年－423年</td> <td>HONORIVS </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E8%AF%BA%E9%87%8C%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="霍诺里乌斯">霍诺里乌斯</a> </td> <td><small>IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS <b>HONORIVS</b> PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS</small> </td> <td>与君士坦提乌斯三世为共治皇帝 </td></tr> <tr> <td>409年－415年</td> <td>PRISCVS ATTALVS </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%94%E5%8D%A2%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普里斯库斯·阿塔卢斯（页面不存在）">普里斯库斯·阿塔卢斯</a> </td> <td><small>IMPERATOR CAESAR <b>PRISCVS ATTALVS</b> PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS</small> </td> <td>自立为帝 </td></tr> <tr> <td>407年－411年</td> <td>Constantine III </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E8%A5%BF%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC)" title="君士坦丁三世 (西罗马)">君士坦丁三世</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>争位者 </td></tr> <tr> <td>409年－411年</td> <td>Constans II </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="君士坦斯二世">君士坦斯二世</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>争位者 </td></tr> <tr> <td>411年－413年</td> <td>Jovinus </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%B4%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约维努斯（页面不存在）">约维努斯</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>争位者 </td></tr> <tr> <td>412年－413年</td> <td>Sebastianus </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塞巴斯蒂安努斯（页面不存在）">塞巴斯蒂安努斯</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>争位者 </td></tr> <tr> <td>421年</td> <td>Constantius III </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%8F%90%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="君士坦提乌斯三世">君士坦提乌斯三世</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>与霍诺里乌斯为共治皇帝 </td></tr> <tr> <td>423年－425年</td> <td>Joannes </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="约翰尼斯">约翰尼斯</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>争位者 </td></tr> <tr> <td>425年－455年</td> <td>Valentinian III </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E4%BC%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%B0%BC%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="瓦伦丁尼安三世">瓦伦丁尼安三世</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>455年</td> <td>Petronius Maximus </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF" title="佩特罗尼乌斯·马克西穆斯">佩特罗尼乌斯·马克西穆斯</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>455年－456年</td> <td>Avitus </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BB%B4%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%AF" title="阿维图斯">阿维图斯</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>457年－461年</td> <td>Majorian </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E4%B9%94%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="墨乔里安">墨乔里安</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>退位 </td></tr> <tr> <td>461年－465年</td> <td>Libius Severus </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E7%BB%B4%E9%B2%81" title="利比乌斯·塞维鲁">利比乌斯·塞维鲁</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>467年－472年</td> <td>Anthemius </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%89%B9%E7%B1%B3%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="安特米乌斯">安特米乌斯</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>被处死 </td></tr> <tr> <td>472年</td> <td>Olybrius </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="奥利布里乌斯">奥利布里乌斯</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>473年－474年</td> <td>Glycerius </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E5%A1%9E%E9%87%8C%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="格利塞里乌斯">格利塞里乌斯</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>退位 </td></tr> <tr> <td>474年－475年</td> <td>Julius Nepos </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF" title="尼波斯">尼波斯</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>退位 </td></tr> <tr> <td>475年－476年</td> <td>Romulus Augustulus </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%85%95%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD" title="罗慕路斯·奥古斯都">罗慕路斯·奥古斯都</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>最后的皇帝，被废 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080917041355/http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/barbarians.htm">西羅馬帝國經濟史蠻族入侵西羅馬帝國</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-08-04</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/barbarians.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2008-09-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&rft.btitle=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%8F%B2+%E8%A0%BB%E6%97%8F%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sjsu.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fwatkins%2Fbarbarians.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kazanami.at.webry.info/200806/article_8.html">羅馬帝國的滅亡－第五章：西羅馬帝國滅亡</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-08-04</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200703010328/https://kazanami.at.webry.info/200806/article_8.html">存档</a>于2020-07-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&rft.btitle=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%BB%85%E4%BA%A1%EF%BC%8D%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E7%AB%A0%EF%BC%9A%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E6%BB%85%E4%BA%A1&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkazanami.at.webry.info%2F200806%2Farticle_8.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.kodai-bunmei.net/blog/2007/02/000132.html">西羅馬帝國之滅亡</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-08-04</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123020648/http://blog.kodai-bunmei.net/blog/2007/02/000132.html">存档</a>于2021-01-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&rft.btitle=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E4%B9%8B%E6%BB%85%E4%BA%A1&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.kodai-bunmei.net%2Fblog%2F2007%2F02%2F000132.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roman-empire.net/maps/empire/extent/ad476.html">476年羅馬帝國的滅亡</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-08-04</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080616162943/http://www.roman-empire.net/maps/empire/extent/ad476.html">存档</a>于2008-06-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&rft.btitle=476%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%BB%85%E4%BA%A1&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roman-empire.net%2Fmaps%2Fempire%2Fextent%2Fad476.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《韦洛克拉丁语教程》（第六版）（美）F. M . p41 韦洛克世界图书出版社</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roman-emperors.org/impindex.htm">羅馬帝國統治者</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-07-25</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110216225011/http://www.roman-emperors.org/impindex.htm">存档</a>于2011-02-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&rft.btitle=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E7%B5%B1%E6%B2%BB%E8%80%85&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roman-emperors.org%2Fimpindex.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.odn.ne.jp/~aah01610/rome/teodosiusu.htm">西羅馬帝國歷史</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210124151307/http://www1.odn.ne.jp/~aah01610/rome/teodosiusu.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="日語">（日語）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/romans.html">羅馬帝國時間表</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210429214836/http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/romans.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chinese.aerialviews.org/images_of_古罗马考古遗址.html">古罗马考古遗址列表</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20230308155408/https://chinese.aerialviews.org/images_of_%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SPQRomani.svg/32px-SPQRomani.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SPQRomani.svg/48px-SPQRomani.svg.png 1.5x, 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/></span></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:欧洲">欧洲主题</a></span></li> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/47px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/62px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Portal:历史">历史主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">羅馬帝國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="古羅馬">古羅馬</a>歷史： <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%B0%E8%90%BD" title="罗马帝国的衰落">羅馬帝國的衰落</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E8%A1%B0%E4%BA%A1%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬帝國衰亡史">羅馬帝國衰亡史</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬軍事">羅馬軍事</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬">羅馬城</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E9%BB%91%E6%9A%97%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="歐洲黑暗時代">歐洲黑暗時代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">東羅馬帝國</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style 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title="Template:古罗马历史"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:古罗马历史（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:古罗马历史"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="古罗马歷史" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="古罗马">古罗马</a>歷史</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="width:1em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;;;;width:6.5em;"><div> <p><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B" title="罗马的建立">上古時期</a> <span class="nowrap">→ <br /> </span></p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:6.5em;"><div> <p><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬王國">王政時代</a> <span class="nowrap">→ <br /> </span></p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:6.5em;"><div> <p><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="罗马共和国">罗马共和国</a> <span class="nowrap">→ <br /> </span></p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:6.5em;"><div> <p><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">羅馬帝國</a> <span class="nowrap">→ <br /> </span></p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:6.5em;"><div> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">西羅馬帝國</a> <span class="nowrap">→ <br /><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">東羅馬帝國</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ </span></p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:6.5em;"><div> <p><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%9F" title="古典时代晚期">古典时代晚期</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:6.5em;"><div> <p> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">欧洲中世纪</a><br /><br /></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">東羅馬帝國</a> </span></p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="中世纪" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="Template:中世紀"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="Template talk:中世紀"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:中世紀"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="中世纪" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%89%8D%E6%9C%9F" title="中世纪前期">中世纪前期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B7%E5%BE%99" title="民族大遷徙">民族大遷徙</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西罗马帝国衰落的史学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Historiography of the fall of the Western Roman Empire"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%B0%E8%90%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西罗马帝国衰落的史学（页面不存在）">西罗马帝国的衰落</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiography_of_the_fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire" class="extiw" title="en:Historiography of the fall of the Western Roman Empire"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Historiography of the fall of the Western Roman Empire</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%9F" title="古典时代晚期">古典时代晚期</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="希腊-罗马多神教的衰落" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Decline of Greco-Roman polytheism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A-%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%B0%E8%90%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希腊-罗马多神教的衰落（页面不存在）">古希腊宗教的衰落</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decline_of_Greco-Roman_polytheism" class="extiw" title="en:Decline of Greco-Roman polytheism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Decline of Greco-Roman polytheism</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8C%96" title="基督教化">基督教化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD" title="伊斯蘭教的傳播">伊斯蘭教的崛起</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="保加利亚第一帝国">保加利亚第一帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="法兰克王国">法兰克帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(925%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941102%E5%B9%B4)" title="克羅埃西亞王國 (925年—1102年)">克罗地亚王国 (925年—1102年)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0" title="盎格鲁-撒克逊英格兰">盎格鲁-撒克逊英格兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%AC%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="維京時代">維京時代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="加洛林帝国">加洛林帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="古教會斯拉夫語">古教會斯拉夫語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Civitas Schinesghe" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Civitas Schinesghe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civitas_Schinesghe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civitas Schinesghe（页面不存在）">Civitas Schinesghe</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civitas_Schinesghe" class="extiw" title="en:Civitas Schinesghe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Civitas Schinesghe</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="基辅罗斯">基辅罗斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%A3%AB%E4%B8%81%E5%B0%BC%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="查士丁尼王朝">东罗马帝国的发展</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Breviarium_Grimani_-_Juni.jpg" title="template"><img alt="template" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Breviarium_Grimani_-_Juni.jpg/160px-Breviarium_Grimani_-_Juni.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Breviarium_Grimani_-_Juni.jpg/240px-Breviarium_Grimani_-_Juni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Breviarium_Grimani_-_Juni.jpg/320px-Breviarium_Grimani_-_Juni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="794" /></a><figcaption>template</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E7%9B%9B%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀盛期">中世紀盛期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="神圣罗马帝国">神圣罗马帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="保加利亚第二帝国">保加利亚第二帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="格鲁吉亚王国">格鲁吉亚帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD_(1025%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941385%E5%B9%B4)" title="波兰王国 (1025年—1385年)">波兰王国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6_(%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2)" title="封建制度 (歐洲)">封建制度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="東西教會大分裂">東西教會大分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E4%BB%BB%E6%9D%83%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89" title="叙任权斗争">叙任权斗争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E5%BE%A9%E5%A4%B1%E5%9C%B0%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="收復失地運動">收復失地運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" title="十字軍東征">十字軍東征</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E9%99%A2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="经院哲学">经院哲学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="修道 (基督教)">修道制度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%AC%E7%A4%BE" title="中世纪公社">公社</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%84%E5%9B%AD" title="庄园">庄园</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E6%BA%AB%E6%9A%96%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀溫暖時期">中世紀溫暖時期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%AD%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%81" title="长子西征">蒙古入侵欧洲</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀後期">中世紀後期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="百年战争">百年战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AB%E7%91%B0%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="玫瑰战争">玫瑰战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="胡斯战争">胡斯战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="勃艮第公國">勃艮第</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="哈布斯堡王朝">哈布斯堡王朝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="天主教會大分裂">天主教會大分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E7%9A%84%E9%99%B7%E8%90%BD" title="君士坦丁堡的陷落">君士坦丁堡的陷落</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B4%9B%E8%B5%B7" title="奧斯曼帝國的崛起">奧斯曼帝國的崛起</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E9%9B%87%E4%BD%A3%E5%85%B5" title="瑞士雇佣兵">瑞士雇佣兵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E" title="騎士精神">騎士精神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="文藝復興人文主義">文藝復興人文主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀大學">中世紀大學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%9F%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" title="中世紀晚期危機">中世纪晚期危机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%86%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="小冰期">小冰期</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">文化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪建筑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval architecture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪建筑（页面不存在）">建筑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_architecture" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval architecture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval architecture</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF" title="欧洲中世纪美术">艺术</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪欧洲的教会和国家" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Church and state in medieval Europe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%9A%84%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪欧洲的教会和国家（页面不存在）">教会和国家</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_and_state_in_medieval_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Church and state in medieval Europe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Church and state in medieval Europe</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="中世紀飲食">飲食</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪人口" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval demography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪人口（页面不存在）">人口</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_demography" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval demography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval demography</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪家庭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval household"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪家庭（页面不存在）">家庭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_household" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval household"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval household</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="中世纪文学">文学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西欧的中世纪医学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval medicine of Western Europe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西欧的中世纪医学（页面不存在）">医学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_medicine_of_Western_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval medicine of Western Europe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval medicine of Western Europe</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="中世紀音樂">音樂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀哲學">哲學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀美學">美學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪诗歌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval poetry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪诗歌（页面不存在）">诗歌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_poetry" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval poetry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval poetry</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="科学史">科学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪欧洲的奴隶制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slavery in medieval Europe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B6%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪欧洲的奴隶制（页面不存在）">奴隶制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_medieval_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Slavery in medieval Europe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slavery in medieval Europe</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪技术" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪技术（页面不存在）">技术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval technology</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="中世纪战争">战争</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">参见</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E9%BB%91%E6%9A%97%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="歐洲黑暗時代">黑暗時代</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪的残疾人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Disability in the Middle Ages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%9A%84%E6%AE%8B%E7%96%BE%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪的残疾人（页面不存在）">中世纪的残疾人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability_in_the_Middle_Ages" class="extiw" title="en:Disability in the Middle Ages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Disability in the Middle Ages</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪的概述" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of the Middle Ages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%9A%84%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪的概述（页面不存在）">基本主题列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_the_Middle_Ages" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of the Middle Ages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of the Middle Ages</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medievalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪主义（页面不存在）">中世纪主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medievalism" class="extiw" title="en:Medievalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medievalism</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪重演" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval reenactment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E9%87%8D%E6%BC%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪重演（页面不存在）">中世纪重演</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_reenactment" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval reenactment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval reenactment</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪研究" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval studies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪研究（页面不存在）">中世纪研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_studies" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval studies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval studies</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新中世纪主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neo-medievalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新中世纪主义（页面不存在）">新中世纪主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-medievalism" class="extiw" title="en:Neo-medievalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neo-medievalism</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="中世纪年表">年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" title="后古代史">同一时期的全球历史</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="Portal:中世纪">中世纪主题</a> <div style="float:left;"> « <span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="古典时代">古典时代</a></span></div><div style="float:right;"><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4" title="文艺复兴">文艺复兴</a></span> » </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" 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