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<li id="toc-Nationalization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nationalization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Nationalization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nationalization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>The 1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Since_the_1980s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Since_the_1980s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Since the 1980s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Since_the_1980s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President_directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>President directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Facilities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Facilities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Facilities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Refineries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refineries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Refineries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Refineries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gas_station" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gas_station"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Gas station</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gas_station-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bright_Convenience_Store" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bright_Convenience_Store"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Bright Convenience Store</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bright_Convenience_Store-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsidiaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsidiaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Subsidiaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsidiaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_automotive_partnerships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_automotive_partnerships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Commercial automotive partnerships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_automotive_partnerships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_sponsorships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_sponsorships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sports sponsorships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_sponsorships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="برتامينا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برتامينا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="پرتامینا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پرتامینا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertamina" title="Pertamina – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pertamina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertamina" title="Pertamina – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pertamina" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertamina" title="Pertamina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pertamina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="پرتامینا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرتامینا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertamina" title="Pertamina – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pertamina" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%83%80%EB%AF%B8%EB%82%98" title="페르타미나 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페르타미나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertamina" title="Pertamina – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertamina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertamina" title="Pertamina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pertamina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertamina" title="Pertamina – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pertamina" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertamina" title="Pertamina – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Pertamina" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8" title="പെർറ്റാമിന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പെർറ്റാമിന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertamina" title="Pertamina – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pertamina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertamina" title="Pertamina – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Pertamina" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertamina" title="Pertamina – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pertamina" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8A" title="プルタミナ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プルタミナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertamina" title="Pertamina – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pertamina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertamina" title="Pertamina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pertamina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertamina" title="Pertamina – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Pertamina" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertamina" title="Pertamina – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pertamina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertamina" title="Pertamina – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Pertamina" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="印尼国家石油公司 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印尼国家石油公司" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1641044#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indonesian state-owned oil and natural gas corporation</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">PT Pertamina (Persero)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pertamina_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Pertamina_Logo.svg/220px-Pertamina_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Pertamina_Logo.svg/330px-Pertamina_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Pertamina_Logo.svg/440px-Pertamina_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1097" data-file-height="255" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PertaminaHO1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/PertaminaHO1.jpg/220px-PertaminaHO1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/PertaminaHO1.jpg/330px-PertaminaHO1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/PertaminaHO1.jpg/440px-PertaminaHO1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Pertamina headquarters in Jakarta</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>PN Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi Nasional (1968–1971)</li><li>Perusahaan Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi Negara (1972–2003)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">State-owned</a> <a href="/wiki/Naamloze_vennootschap" title="Naamloze vennootschap">perseroan terbatas</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Statutory_corporation" title="Statutory corporation">Statutory corporation</a> between 1968 and 1971; statutory corporation under special Act between 1972 and 2003</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry" title="Petroleum industry">Oil and gas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">August 1968<span class="noprint">; 56 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1968-08</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Indonesia" title="Government of Indonesia">Government of Indonesia</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1641044?uselang=en#P112" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label">Jl. Medan Merdeka Timur, <a href="/wiki/Gambir,_Jakarta" title="Gambir, Jakarta">Gambir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Jakarta" title="Central Jakarta">Central Jakarta</a>, Indonesia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Police Commissioner General (Ret.) Mochamad Iriawan <br /> (President Commissioner) <br /> Simon Aloysius Mantiri <br />(President director)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fuel" title="Fuel">Fuels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lubricant" title="Lubricant">lubricants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petrochemical" title="Petrochemical">petrochemicals</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$ 84.89 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-xbrlus_1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xbrlus_1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$ 4.1 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-xbrlus_1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xbrlus_1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$ 3.81 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-xbrlus_1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xbrlus_1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$ 100.98 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-xbrlus_1_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xbrlus_1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$ 51.25 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-xbrlus_1_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xbrlus_1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Indonesia" title="Government of Indonesia">Government of Indonesia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">13,526 (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-xbrlus_1_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xbrlus_1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>See <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Subsidiaries">Subsidiaries</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pertamina.com">www<wbr />.pertamina<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pertamina_filling_station,_Bali,_Indonesia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Low angle shot of a large canopy over fuel pumps on a sunny day against a white-clouded sky" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Pertamina_filling_station%2C_Bali%2C_Indonesia.jpg/220px-Pertamina_filling_station%2C_Bali%2C_Indonesia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Pertamina_filling_station%2C_Bali%2C_Indonesia.jpg/330px-Pertamina_filling_station%2C_Bali%2C_Indonesia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Pertamina_filling_station%2C_Bali%2C_Indonesia.jpg/440px-Pertamina_filling_station%2C_Bali%2C_Indonesia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4038" data-file-height="2484" /></a><figcaption>Pertamina fuel station in <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>PT Pertamina (Persero)</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an Indonesian <a href="/wiki/State-owned" class="mw-redirect" title="State-owned">state-owned</a> <a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> corporation, headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was created in August 1968 by the merger of <i>Pertamin</i> (established 1961) and <i>Permina</i> (established in 1957). In 2020, the firm was the third-largest crude oil producer in Indonesia behind US-based companies <a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a>'s Mobil Cepu Ltd and <a href="/wiki/Chevron_Corporation" title="Chevron Corporation">Chevron Pacific Indonesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the 2020 <i><a href="/wiki/Fortune_Global_500" title="Fortune Global 500">Fortune Global 500</a></i> list, Pertamina is <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_companies_in_Indonesia" title="List of largest companies in Indonesia">the largest company in Indonesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertamina&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nationalization">Nationalization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertamina&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nationalization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1957, <a href="/wiki/Shell_plc" title="Shell plc">Royal Dutch/Shell</a>'s assets in Indonesia (trading as <a href="/wiki/Bataafse_Petroleum_Maatschappij" title="Bataafse Petroleum Maatschappij">Bataafse Petroleum Maatschappij</a>) were nationalised, from which <b>Permina</b> was founded as a state-owned oil monopoly, headed by Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Ibnu_Sutowo" title="Ibnu Sutowo">Ibnu Sutowo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sutowo's position as the second deputy of <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Haris_Nasution" title="Abdul Haris Nasution">Abdul Haris Nasution</a> was the beginning of the armed forces' involvement in the oil industry.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Permina distributed oil for the entire archipelago. </p><p>Permina founded the Apprentice Technical School (<i>Sekolah Kader Teknik</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Pangkalan_Brandan" title="Pangkalan Brandan">Brandan</a> to train and produce experts in the field. In 1962, the company went on to establish the Oil Academy in <a href="/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a>. The academy's curriculum covered the technical aspects of the petroleum industry, and the graduates became the main source of labor for Permina (which was renamed Pertamin in 1961). </p><p>In 1960, the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_People%27s_Consultative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional People's Consultative Assembly">Provisional People's Consultative Assembly</a> adopted a policy that oil and gas extraction could only be carried out by the state, through a state-administered company. Pertamin was responsible for the administration, management and controlling of the exploration and production. The policy was short-lived. An agreement between the state and foreign companies was affirmed that gradually, <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">oil refinery</a> manufactures and other assets in marketing and distribution were to be sold to Indonesia within five to fifteen years. </p><p>In 1968, to consolidate the oil and gas industry for its management, exploration, marketing and distribution, Permina and Pertamin merged and became PN. Pertamina. It continued to do little drilling itself but made production-sharing agreements with foreign companies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_1970s">The 1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertamina&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the merger, Pertamina's production rose considerably (about 15% each in 1968 and 1969, and nearly 20% in 1973).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 1973, it produced 28.2% of Indonesia's oil, with agreements of <a href="/wiki/Caltex" title="Caltex">Caltex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Standard_Vacuum_Oil_Company" title="Standard Vacuum Oil Company">Stanvac</a> to produce the rest (67.8% and 3.6%, respectively). Its assets included seven <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">refineries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oil_terminal" title="Oil terminal">oil terminals</a>, 116 <a href="/wiki/Oil_tanker" title="Oil tanker">tankers</a>, 102 other vessels and an airline. It was also active in <a href="/wiki/Cement" title="Cement">cement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fertiliser" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertiliser">fertiliser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liquid_natural_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid natural gas">liquid natural gas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospitals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a> estate, and <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">telecommunications</a>. </p><p>The 1974 oil price increases produced revenues of USD 4.2 billion in that year, equivalent to approximately one-sixth of Indonesia's gross domestic product. Much of this revenue was used by Sutowo to expand Pertamina's interests far beyond oil production to include investments in oil tankers, steel and construction.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pertamina built the Bina Graha, the presidential executive office building in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-R301_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R301-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The global oil crisis of the 1970s greatly increased oil prices and thus Pertamina's profits. The company initially provided a fiscal lift to the hopes of <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_mafia" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkeley mafia">Indonesia's development planners</a>. </p><p>For President <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a> and other members of the ruling elite, revenue from Pertamina was "an ongoing source of funding" without accountability. "They ran this cash-cow into the ground, using it for both military and personal ends."<sup id="cite_ref-Vickers,_Adrian_2005._p._185_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vickers,_Adrian_2005._p._185-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Vickers" title="Adrian Vickers">Adrian Vickers</a> describes the endemic corruption at Pertamina: </p> <blockquote> <p>"At each stage of the transaction chain, somebody was getting a percentage... If accidents occurred, as in 1972 when eighty impoverished people died... they could be covered up."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fokker_F.27-200_PK-PFV_Pertamina_Seletar_14.09.74_edited-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Fokker_F.27-200_PK-PFV_Pertamina_Seletar_14.09.74_edited-2.jpg/220px-Fokker_F.27-200_PK-PFV_Pertamina_Seletar_14.09.74_edited-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Fokker_F.27-200_PK-PFV_Pertamina_Seletar_14.09.74_edited-2.jpg/330px-Fokker_F.27-200_PK-PFV_Pertamina_Seletar_14.09.74_edited-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Fokker_F.27-200_PK-PFV_Pertamina_Seletar_14.09.74_edited-2.jpg/440px-Fokker_F.27-200_PK-PFV_Pertamina_Seletar_14.09.74_edited-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="676" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fokker_Friendship" class="mw-redirect" title="Fokker Friendship">Fokker F.27 Series 200 Friendship</a> of Pertamina used for transport of employees and equipment during the 1970s</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1973, the government's ability to borrow money from overseas was constrained, and Pertamina was no longer providing revenues to the state. Instead, the massive enterprise turned out not to be making money but accumulating losses. In February 1975, Pertamina could no longer pay its American and Canadian creditors.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An investigation followed, which revealed over <a href="/wiki/US_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="US dollar">US$</a>10 billion in debts, mismanagement, and corruption within the company. This debt was equivalent to approximately thirty per cent of Indonesia's <a href="/wiki/GNP" class="mw-redirect" title="GNP">GNP</a> at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz55_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz55-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others offer a figure of a $15 billion debt.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A public investigation damaged the reputation of the national elite both among Indonesians and foreigners. </p><p>However, charges against <a href="/wiki/Ibnu_Sutowo" title="Ibnu Sutowo">Ibnu Sutowo</a> were dismissed and he and his family remained among the richest and most powerful in Indonesia, into the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-Vickers,_Adrian_2005._p._185_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vickers,_Adrian_2005._p._185-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government took over the operation of the company and sought means by which to repay its debts.<sup id="cite_ref-R301_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R301-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pertamina's debt problems were eventually solved through a large government bail-out, which nearly doubled Indonesia's foreign debt.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz55_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz55-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Since_the_1980s">Since the 1980s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertamina&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Since the 1980s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a> observers have long expressed concerns about Indonesia's hostility to <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">labour unions</a>. According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Monitor" title="Multinational Monitor">Multinational Monitor</a>:</i> "In 1985, the government ordered the firing of over 1,600 workers at Pertamina and foreign oil companies, charging that they had been members of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Indonesia" title="Communist Party of Indonesia">Indonesian Communist Party</a>, which had been permanently banned 19 years earlier when <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a> took power."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To execute a clause in the 2001 Oil and Natural Gas Act, in 2003 Pertamina legally became PT PERTAMINA (Persero), as per the enactment of Government Regulation No.31/2003. Pertamina is now under the coordinator of the State Minister of State-owned Enterprises. </p><p>Like other contractors, Pertamina holds a Cooperation Contract with the Oil and Gas Regulatory Body. With its transformation into a <a href="/wiki/Limited_company" title="Limited company">limited company</a>, Pertamina has become a business entity with the main target of making a profit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="President_directors">President directors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertamina&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: President directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1970s, until 1976, the president director of Pertamina was <a href="/wiki/Ibnu_Sutowo" title="Ibnu Sutowo">Ibnu Sutowo</a>, a well-known figure in Indonesia. Since then, there have been a number of president directors. Recent president directors have included the following: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">No </th> <th rowspan="2">Name </th> <th colspan="2">Term of office </th> <th rowspan="2">Remarks </th></tr> <tr> <th>Start </th> <th>End </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>Soegijanto </td> <td>1996 </td> <td>1998 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>Martiono Hadianto </td> <td>1998 </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>Before his appointment as president director of Pertamina, Martiono was briefly Finance Director of the state-owned airline company <a href="/wiki/Garuda_Indonesia" title="Garuda Indonesia">Garuda Indonesia</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>Baihaki Hakim </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>Baihaki was formerly president of <a href="/wiki/Chevron_Texaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevron Texaco">Chevron Texaco</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">subsidiary</a> in Indonesia PT Caltex Pacific Indonesia. He was appointed as president director of Pertamina by the president <a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Wahid" title="Abdurrahman Wahid">Abdurrahman Wahid</a> in 2000. Subsequent to his resignation in 2003, there was controversy surrounding decisions taken in Pertamina during his period as president director concerning the purchase of <a href="/wiki/Supertanker" class="mw-redirect" title="Supertanker">giant tankers</a> for the transport of oil.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>Ariffi Nawawi </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>2004 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>Widya Purnama </td> <td>2004 </td> <td>2006 </td> <td>Widya Purnama was appointed from outside of the energy sector, formerly having been president (since 2002) of the Indonesian telecommunications company <a href="/wiki/Indosat" title="Indosat">PT Indosat</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>Ari Hernanto Soemarno </td> <td>2006 </td> <td>2009 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karen_Agustiawan" title="Karen Agustiawan">Karen Agustiawan</a> </td> <td>2009 </td> <td>2014 </td> <td>In February 2009 it was announced that <a href="/wiki/Karen_Agustiawan" title="Karen Agustiawan">Karen Agustiawan</a> would become president director of Pertamina for a five-year term.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her appointment was extended in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She resigned for unannounced reasons in August 2014. It was said at the time that she had plans to teach in <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td>Dwi Soetjipto </td> <td>2014 </td> <td>2017 </td> <td>In November 2014, the new president of Indonesia <a href="/wiki/Joko_Widodo" title="Joko Widodo">Joko Widodo</a> announced a major reorganisation of the board of Pertamina as part of a series of reform measures for the energy sector. A new president director, Dwi Soetjipto, was appointed along with a number of new members to the board. The appointment of Dwi Soetjipto, previously president director of the major state-owned cement firm PT Semen Indonesia, attracted media attention because unlike most previous president directors of Pertamina, he had little previous experience in the oil sector.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td>Elia Massa Manik </td> <td>2017 </td> <td>2018 </td> <td>In March 2017, after Soetjipto was dismissed due to leadership issues, the Board appointed Manik who had served as president director of Elnusa, a Pertamina subsidiary, from 2011 to 2014. He then spent a period as the CEO of PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) III, the holding company of 14 state-owned agriculture firms.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td>Nicke Widyawati </td> <td>2018 </td> <td>2024 </td> <td>In late August 2018, it was announced that president <a href="/wiki/Joko_Widodo" title="Joko Widodo">Jokowi</a> had decided that Nicke Widyawati, who had been acting president director since March, would be confirmed in the position of head of Pertamina. The decision was announced at a press conference in the Ministry for State-Owned Enterprises on 29 August.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td>Simon Aloysius Mantiri </td> <td>2024 </td> <td><i>present</i> </td> <td>Appointed by Minister of State-Owned Enterprises, Erick Thohir, under the Presidency of Prabowo Subianto, after briefly served as President Commissioner, when he was tapped to replace Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, who resigned from the post during the last stages of the Presidency of Joko Widodo, before the 2024 Indonesian general election. <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Facilities">Facilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertamina&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refineries">Refineries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertamina&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Refineries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pertamina has not built any new refineries since the Balongan refinery was opened in West Java in the mid-1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/PTT_Public_Company_Limited" title="PTT Public Company Limited">PTT Public Company Limited</a> and Pertamina signed into partnership to build a new petrochemical complex in Indonesia for an estimated cost of US $4 to 5 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-ref2013040106_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref2013040106-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2013, Pertamina operates six <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">oil refineries</a> which have a total combined capacity of around 1 million <a href="/wiki/Barrel_(unit)#Oil_barrel" title="Barrel (unit)">barrels</a> (160 thousand <a href="/wiki/Cubic_metre" title="Cubic metre">cubic metres</a>) of oil per day:<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:40%;"> <caption>Pertamina: Refineries in Indonesia </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">No </th> <th scope="col">Refinery Unit (RU) </th> <th scope="col">Unit </th> <th scope="col">Province </th> <th scope="col">Capacity <br />(<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003100000000000000♠"></span>10<sup>3</sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Barrel_(unit)#Oil_barrel" title="Barrel (unit)">bbl</a>/d) </th> <th scope="col">Capacity <br />(<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003100000000000000♠"></span>10<sup>3</sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Cubic_metre" title="Cubic metre">m<sup>3</sup></a>/d) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>RU II </td> <td>Dumai </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riau" title="Riau">Riau</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">127 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>RU III </td> <td>Plaju (Musi) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Sumatra" title="South Sumatra">South Sumatra</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">127 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>RU IV </td> <td>Cilacap </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">348 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">55.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>RU V </td> <td>Balikpapan </td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Kalimantan" title="East Kalimantan">East Kalimantan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">260 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">41 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>RU VI </td> <td>Balongan </td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">125 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>RU VII </td> <td>Kasim </td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Papua_(province)" title="West Papua (province)">West Papua</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">997 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">159 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small>Source: Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Resources, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130415150132/http://esdm.go.id/publikasi/handbook-of-energy-a-economics-statistics-of-indon-handbook-of-energy-a-economics-statistics-of-indon-.html">2012 Handbook of Energy and Economic Statistics of Indonesia</a>.<br /> (<b>Note:</b> By world standards, none of Indonesia's refineries are large. The world's largest refinery, at <a href="/wiki/Jamnagar_Refinery" title="Jamnagar Refinery">Jamnagar</a> in India, has a production capacity of over 1,200,000 barrels (190,000 cubic metres) per day. As a rule of thumb, refineries need to produce at least 200,000 bbl (32,000 m<sup>3</sup>) per day to reach reasonable international standards of efficiency.)</small><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are several other refineries in Indonesia which Pertamina has responsibilities for: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:40%;"> <caption>Other Refineries in Indonesia </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">No </th> <th scope="col">Unit </th> <th scope="col">Province </th> <th scope="col">Capacity<br />(<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003100000000000000♠"></span>10<sup>3</sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Barrel_(unit)#Oil_barrel" title="Barrel (unit)">bbl</a>/d)<br /> </th> <th scope="col">Capacity <br />(<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003100000000000000♠"></span>10<sup>3</sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Cubic_metre" title="Cubic metre">m<sup>3</sup></a>/d) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>Sei Pakning </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riau" title="Riau">Riau</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">50 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>Cepu </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.64 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>Tuban (TPPI)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">East Java</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><small>Source: Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Resources, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130415150132/http://esdm.go.id/publikasi/handbook-of-energy-a-economics-statistics-of-indon-handbook-of-energy-a-economics-statistics-of-indon-.html">2012 Handbook of Energy and Economic Statistics of Indonesia</a>.</small> </p><p>In addition to the refineries which Pertamina owns, Pertamina has invested in two operating companies that manage output from LNG plants. </p> <ul><li>PT Badak LNG operates a plant in <a href="/wiki/Bontang" title="Bontang">Bontang</a>, East Kalimantan, with 8 trains having a total capacity of 22.5 million tons per annum.</li> <li>PT Donggi Senoro LNG in Uso Village, Batui Subdistrict, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, with 1 train with a capacity of 2 million tons per annum.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Pertamina also invested in the PT Arun 6 LNG trains near <a href="/wiki/Lhokseumawe" title="Lhokseumawe">Lhokseumawe</a>, Aceh, which had a total capacity of 12.5 million tons per annum. They closed down due to a lack of feed gas in 2014, and now Arun has used an LNG import terminal.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During 2012 and early 2013, it was announced several times that there were plans to build two more large fuel refineries, each with a capacity of around 300,000 barrels (48,000 cubic metres) per day, perhaps in Balongan, West Java (or, alternatively, in Bontang, East Kalimantan) and in Tuban, East Java. The first facility was planned to be built by Pertamina in partnership with <a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Petroleum_Corporation" title="Kuwait Petroleum Corporation">Kuwait Petroleum</a>, while the second was expected to be built by Pertamina in co-operation with <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Aramco" title="Saudi Aramco">Saudi Aramco</a>. Total investment was expected to be around $20 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One main problem holding up an agreement to build the refineries was the issue of financial concessions to be provided for the foreign investors.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, in September 2013 it was announced that the plans for the first refinery had been cancelled. At the same time, the government said that there were plans for yet a different refinery project which would be constructed solely by Pertamina and funded by the state. The crude oil for this alternative project was expected to be supplied from Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pending further progress on these large investment plans, Pertamina has announced (late 2014) plans to upgrade the existing refineries so as to add around 500,000 bbl (79,000 m<sup>3</sup>) per day to Pertamina's current refining capacity of around 1 million bbl (160 thousand m<sup>3</sup>) per day.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pertamina also has two gas reserves and a petrochemical company. Pertamina's products include a great variety of fuels, chemicals, additives, and retail products. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gas_station">Gas station</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertamina&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gas station"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pertamina has the largest distribution network for petroleum products (<a href="/wiki/Gas_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas stations">gas stations</a>, etc.) in Indonesia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bright_Convenience_Store">Bright Convenience Store</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertamina&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bright Convenience Store"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Along with the gas stations, Pertamina also has a convenience store chain, integrated with their gas stations. The development of Bright convenience stores and cafes is self-governed by PT Pertamina Retail.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subsidiaries">Subsidiaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertamina&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Subsidiaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pertamina has 27 subsidiaries.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Pertamina EP</b></li></ul> <p>PT Pertamina EP (PEP) is engaged in exploration. PEP has also been undertaking other supporting businesses, which have been intended to back up the main business directly or indirectly. </p><p>Presently, Pertamina EP produces around 127.6 million <a href="/wiki/Barrel_(unit)#Oil_barrel" title="Barrel (unit)">barrels</a> (20.3 million <a href="/wiki/Cubic_metre" title="Cubic metre">cubic metres</a>) of oil per day and around 1,054 million <a href="/wiki/Cubic_foot" title="Cubic foot">cubic feet</a> (29.8 million <a href="/wiki/Cubic_metre" title="Cubic metre">cubic metres</a>) per day at <a href="/wiki/Standard_temperature_and_pressure" title="Standard temperature and pressure">standard conditions</a> for gas. </p><p>Pertamina EP Working Areas of 140.000 km2 were once largely PT Pertamina (Persero)’s Oil and Gas Mining Authority Zone. The working areas are managed through its own operation and partnership co-operation. </p><p>Pertamina EP Working Areas consist of five assets. The operation of those assets comprise 19 Field Areas, namely Rantau, Pangkalan Susu, Lirik, Jambi and Ramba in Asset 1, Prabumulih, Adera, Limau and Pendopo in Asset 2, Tambun, Subang and Jatibarang in Asset 3, Cepu in Asset 4 as well as Sangatta, Sangasanga, Bunyu, Tarakan, Tanjung and Papua in Asset 5. </p><p>Besides the management of working areas as stated earlier, other business patterns include management through projects, such as Pondok Makmur Development Project in West Java, Paku Gajah Development Project in South Sumatera, Jawa Gas Development Project in Central Java, and Matindok Gas Development Project in Central Sulawesi. </p> <ul><li><b>Pertamina Gas</b></li></ul> <p>Pertamina established PT Pertagas on 23 February 2007, and it became PT Pertamina Gas in 2008. The company undertakes gas transportation, trading and processing. In the gas transmission business, Pertamina owns a gas pipeline network with a total volume of 34,000 km-inches in Northern Sumatra, Central Sumatra, Southern <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, Western Java, Eastern <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, and East <a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a> </p><p>In January 2009, PT Pertamina Gas obtained a Transportation Permit and in February 2009, it received an exclusive right from BPH Migas for <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">gas</a> transportation along 43 transmission routes. These permits and exclusive rights complemented the business permit that had been issued previously (in September 2008). By obtaining a business license and special rights, PT Pertamina Gas now has a regulatory basis to play the principal role in the gas business in Indonesia. </p> <ul><li><b>Pertamina Geothermal Energy</b></li></ul> <p>PGE was founded on 12 December 2006. This Pertamina subsidiary carries out geothermal exploration and exploitation in 15 working areas (WKP) in Indonesia, namely: Sibayak-Sinabung, Sibual-buali–Sarulla, Sungai Penuh-Sumurup, Tambang Sawah-Hululais, Lumut Balai, Waypanas-Ulubelu, Cibereum-Parabakti, Pengalengan (Patuha-Wayang Windu), Kamojang-Darajat, Karaha-Telagabodas, Dieng, Iyang-Argopuro, Tabanan-Bali, Lahendong-Tompaso and Kotamobagu. It <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">went public</a> in 2023 (<a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Stock_Exchange" title="Indonesia Stock Exchange">IDX</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idx.co.id/en/listed-companies/company-profiles/PGEO">PGEO</a>). </p> <ul><li><b>Pertamina EP Cepu</b></li></ul> <p>PEP Cepu, which was established on 14 September 2005, is a subsidiary of PT Pertamina (Persero) that focuses on the upstream oil and gas business. In the <a href="/wiki/Cepu,_Blora" title="Cepu, Blora">Cepu</a> Block, Pertamina has a 45% interest in partnership with Mobil Cepu Ltd (as the operator) and the Regional Owned Enterprise (BUMD) that manages the KKS for the Cepu Block. </p> <ul><li><b>Pertamina Drilling Services Indonesia</b></li></ul> <p>PT PDSI was established on 13 June 2008 as a drilling service management business entity. The services provided comprise drilling, workover activities, and drilling services that use a Daily Rate and Integrated Drilling Management (MPT) system for oil, gas, and geothermal wells. </p><p>Presently, PT PDSI owns 34 drilling rigs (28 owned by PT PDSI and 6 transferred from PT Usayana) </p> <ul><li><b>Pertamina Hulu Energy</b></li></ul> <p>PHE is one of the Upstream Directorate subsidiaries working in the oil and gas upstream business and is also an upstream business vehicle for managing the domestic and overseas co-operation portfolio in the form of Production Sharing Contracts (PSC), Joint Operating Body-Production Sharing Contracts (JOB-PSC), Indonesian Participating / Pertamina Participating Interests (IP/PPI) and Badan Operasi Bersama (BOB). PHE’s overseas working areas covered: <a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_(Iraq)" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Desert (Iraq)">Western Desert</a> Block 3, Iraq; Block 10 & 11.1, Offshore South Vietnam; Block SK-305, Offshore Sarawak, Malaysia; Sabratah 17-3 Block, Offshore Libya; Sirte 123-3 Block, Libya; Block 13, Red Sea, Offshore Sudan; Block-3, Offshore Qatar; and Basker Manta Gummy Block, Australia. </p> <ul><li><b>Pertamina Internasional EP</b></li></ul> <p>Pertamina Internasional Eksplorasi dan Produksi (PIEP) is established on 18 November 2013, based on the need for international asset management that is focused on overseas assets of PT Pertamina (Persero).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Pertamina EP Cepu ADK</b></li></ul> <p>PT Pertamina EP Cepu ADK hereinafter referred to as PEPC ADK was established on 15 August 2013 in order to manage Fields of Alas Dara and Kemuning (ADK). Following the prevailing rules and legislation in the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, the PSC between SKKMigas and PEPC ADK was signed on 26 February 2014. PEPC ADK is the operator of Alas Dara and Kemuning, located in Blora, Central Java, which was previously operated by Mobil Cepu Ltd. (MCL). In line with the commitment to the Government, PEPC ADK shall conduct Well Re-entry, Perform G&G Study, GGR Study, and exploration drilling. Since established, the PEPC ADK has never changed its name.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>ConocoPhillips Algeria Ltd</b></li></ul> <p>ConocoPhillips Algeria Ltd. owns three onshore oil fields. The company is based in Algeria. As of 27 November 2013, ConocoPhillips Algeria Ltd. operates as a subsidiary of PT Pertamina (Persero).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Pertamina Gas Negara</b></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pertamina_Gas_Negara" title="Pertamina Gas Negara">Pertamina Gas Negara</a></div> <ul><li><b>Pertamina Power Indonesia</b></li> <li><b>Pertamina Patra Niaga</b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">Holding company</a> for Pertamina's <a href="/wiki/Downstream_(petroleum_industry)" title="Downstream (petroleum industry)">downstream</a> operations. </p> <ul><li><b>Pertamina Trans Kontinental</b></li> <li><b>Pertamina Retail</b></li> <li><b>Pertamina Lubricants</b></li> <li><b>Pertamina Internasional Shipping</b></li> <li><b>Pertamina Training & Consulting</b></li> <li><b>Patra Jasa</b></li> <li><b>Pertamina Bina Medika IHC</b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">Holding company</a> for state-owned hospitals; Pertamina owns 51%, minority shareholders include the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Investment_Authority" title="Indonesia Investment Authority">Indonesia Investment Authority</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swire" title="Swire">Swire</a>. </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pelita_Air" title="Pelita Air">Pelita Air Service</a></b></li> <li><b>Pertamina Pedeve Indonesia</b></li></ul> <p>Owns minority stock in Pertamina subsidiaries to satisfy "two-shareholder minimum" required by the Indonesian Limited Companies Act. </p> <ul><li><b>Elnusa, Tbk.</b></li> <li><b>Pertamina Internasional Timor S.A.</b></li> <li><b>Pertamina Hulu Indonesia</b></li> <li><b>Pertamina East Natuna</b></li> <li><b>Pertamina Energy Trading Limited</b></li> <li><b>Pertamina E&P Libya</b></li> <li><b>Tugu Pratama Indonesia</b></li> <li><b>Pratama Mitra Sejati</b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products">Products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertamina&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are various PERTAMINA products consisting of fuel (BBM), non-fuel, gas, petrochemical products, and lubricants.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><b>Fuel (BBM)</b> </p><p>Fuel Products: </p> <ul><li>Kerosene</li> <li>HSD (High-Speed Diesel)</li> <li>MDF (Marine Diesel Fuel)</li> <li>MFO (Marine Fuel Oil)</li> <li>Motor Gasoline (e.g. Premium 88 and Solar)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><b>Special Fuel </b> </p><p>Special Fuel products: </p> <ul><li>Aviation Gasoline</li> <li>Aviation Turbine Fuel</li> <li>Pertalite (RON 90)</li> <li>Pertamax (RON 92)</li> <li>Pertamax Turbo (RON 98)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pertamax Racing (RON 100)</li> <li>Solar/Bio Solar (CN 48, Sulfur 3.500 ppm)</li> <li>Dexlite (CN 51, Sulfur 1.200 ppm)</li> <li>Pertamina Dex (CN 53, Sulfur 300 ppm)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><b>Non-Fuel (Non-BBM)</b> </p><p>Non Fuel Products: </p> <ul><li>Asphalt</li> <li>Calcined Coke</li> <li>Green Coke</li> <li>Heavy Aromate</li> <li>Paraffin Wax</li> <li>Solvent</li> <li>Lube Base Oil</li> <li>Slack Wax</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><b>Lube Base Oil</b> </p><p>Pertamina’s Lube Base Oil Products based on their function: </p> <ul><li>Automotive Gear Oil</li> <li>Circulating Oils</li> <li>Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Oils</li> <li>Industrial and Marine Engine Oils</li> <li>Industrial and Hydraulic Oils</li> <li>Passenger Car Oils</li> <li>Powershift Transmissions and Heavy Equipment Hydraulic Oils</li> <li>Refrigerating Oils</li> <li>Two-Stroke Gasoline Engine Oils</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><b>Gas</b> </p><p>Gas products include: </p> <ul><li>LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)</li> <li>Gas Fuel (BBG)</li> <li>Musicool (Substitute refrigerant for CFC, with low pollution and environmentally friendly)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><b>Petrochemical</b> </p><p>Petrochemical products include: </p> <ul><li>Benzene</li> <li>Paraxylene</li> <li>Polypropylene</li> <li>Pure Terephthalic Acid (PTA)</li> <li>Sulfur</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercial_automotive_partnerships">Commercial automotive partnerships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertamina&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Commercial automotive partnerships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pertamina is an official recommended fuel and lubricants partner for <a href="/wiki/Lamborghini" title="Lamborghini">Lamborghini</a> for automobiles since 2015. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports_sponsorships">Sports sponsorships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertamina&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sports sponsorships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pertamina" title="Special:EditPage/Pertamina">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pertamina%22">"Pertamina"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pertamina%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pertamina%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pertamina%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pertamina%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pertamina%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>From 2005 until 2007 Pertamina became the main sponsor for <a href="/wiki/Doni_Tata_Pradita" title="Doni Tata Pradita">Doni Tata Pradita</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Motor_Company" title="Yamaha Motor Company">Yamaha</a> Team who raced in the <a href="/wiki/MotoGP" class="mw-redirect" title="MotoGP">MotoGP</a> 125cc and 250cc class wildcard entry in <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" title="Malaysian motorcycle Grand Prix">Malaysian motorcycle Grand Prix</a>. The partnership was extended to full <a href="/wiki/2008_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season" title="2008 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season">2008</a> season, with Pradita scored a single point in China. </p><p>Then starting the <a href="/wiki/2021_Moto2_World_Championship" title="2021 Moto2 World Championship">2021</a> season, Pertamina collaborated with the Mandalika Racing Team and SAG Team to compete both in Moto2 World Championship and the CEV Moto2 Championship. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rio_Haryanto" title="Rio Haryanto">Rio Haryanto</a>, Indonesia's first <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> driver, was sponsored by Pertamina throughout his junior career and played a role in securing his drive with the <a href="/wiki/Manor_Racing" title="Manor Racing">Manor Racing</a> team in <a href="/wiki/2016_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2016 Formula One World Championship">2016</a>. However, Pertamina ended their sponsorship with Manor halfway through the season as Haryanto was demoted to reserve driver due to lack of funding.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2016 Pertamina has also supported Indonesian driver <a href="/wiki/Sean_Gelael" title="Sean Gelael">Sean Gelael</a>, with its brandings prominently featured in his race cars ever since. </p><p>Pertamina also sponsored the Italian automotive manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Lamborghini" title="Lamborghini">Lamborghini</a> since 2015 as an official global lubricant partner, which also extended to <a href="/wiki/Lamborghini_Super_Trofeo" title="Lamborghini Super Trofeo">Lamborghini Super Trofeo</a> as title sponsor. </p><p>Pertamina is the main sponsor for <a href="/wiki/Mandalika_International_Street_Circuit" title="Mandalika International Street Circuit">Mandalika International Street Circuit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" title="Indonesian motorcycle Grand Prix">Indonesian motorcycle Grand Prix</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the <a href="/wiki/VR46_Racing_Team" title="VR46 Racing Team">VR46 Racing Team</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertamina&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-xbrlus_1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-xbrlus_1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-xbrlus_1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-xbrlus_1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-xbrlus_1_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-xbrlus_1_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-xbrlus_1_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pertamina.com///Media/File/Pertamina%20Annual%20Report%202020.pdf">"Pertamina 2020 Annual Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Pertamina.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pertamina.com&rft.atitle=Pertamina+2020+Annual+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpertamina.com%2F%2F%2FMedia%2FFile%2FPertamina%2520Annual%2520Report%25202020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APertamina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Useful details about the history of Pertamina are contained in the book about Pertamina by Rhenald Kasali, <i>DNA mutation of a powerhouse: Pertamina on the move</i>, PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAfriyadi2020" class="citation news cs1">Afriyadi, Achmad Dwi (23 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.detik.com/energi/d-5226262/ini-daftar-produsen-migas-terbesar-ri-pertamina-nomor-berapa">"Ini Daftar Produsen Migas Terbesar RI, Pertamina Nomor Berapa?"</a>. detikFinance<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ini+Daftar+Produsen+Migas+Terbesar+RI%2C+Pertamina+Nomor+Berapa%3F&rft.date=2020-10-23&rft.aulast=Afriyadi&rft.aufirst=Achmad+Dwi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinance.detik.com%2Fenergi%2Fd-5226262%2Fini-daftar-produsen-migas-terbesar-ri-pertamina-nomor-berapa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APertamina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fortune.com/global500/2019/">"Global 500"</a>. <i>Fortune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=Global+500&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2Fglobal500%2F2019%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APertamina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vickers (2005), p. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ricklefs, <i>A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300</i>, 2nd ed., Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994, p. 262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ricklefs, 296</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schwarz (1994), p. 55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R301-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-R301_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-R301_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ricklefs, 301</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vickers,_Adrian_2005._p._185-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vickers,_Adrian_2005._p._185_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vickers,_Adrian_2005._p._185_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vickers, Adrian. 2005. <i>A History of Modern Indonesia,</i> Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, p. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vickers, Adrian. 2005. <i>A History of Modern Indonesia,</i> Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, p. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McCawley, Peter. 1978. "Some Consequences of the Pertamina Crisis in Indonesia," <i>Jour of Southeast Asian Studies</i>, IX(1), March.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schwartz55-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz55_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz55_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwarz1994" class="citation book cs1">Schwarz, A. (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nationinwaitingi00schw"><i>A Nation in Waiting: Indonesia in the 1990s</i></a></span>. Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86373-635-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-86373-635-2"><bdi>1-86373-635-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Nation+in+Waiting%3A+Indonesia+in+the+1990s&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-86373-635-2&rft.aulast=Schwarz&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnationinwaitingi00schw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APertamina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">cf., Vickers, Adrian. 2005. <i>A History of Modern Indonesia,</i> Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, p. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weissman 1990</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Satria Rangga Fausta, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/12/11/martiono-hadianto-in-zero-competition-reputation-alone-exists.html">Martiono Hadianto: In zero competition, reputation alone exists'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 11 December 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2004/06/15/rentseekers-pertamina.html">Rent-seekers in Pertamina'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141205170732/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2004/06/15/rentseekers-pertamina.html">Archived</a> 5 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 16 June 2004. See also '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.thejakartapost.com/news/2004/06/25/baihaki-defends-tanker-purchase.html">Baihaki defends tanker purchase'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141205170736/http://m.thejakartapost.com/news/2004/06/25/baihaki-defends-tanker-purchase.html">Archived</a> 5 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 25 June 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alfian, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/02/08/karen-agustiawan-challenges-male-domination-oil-and-gas-industry.html">Karen Agustiawan: Challenges male domination of oil and gas industry'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 8 February 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amahl S. Azwar, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/03/06/karen-gets-rare-extension-lead-pertamina.html">Karen gets rare extension to lead Pertamina'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 6 March 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/08/18/pertamina-ceo-resigns-pursue-teaching-career-harvard-dahlan.html">Pertamina CEO resigns to pursue a teaching career at Harvard: Dahlan'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 18 August 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raras Cahyafitri, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/11/28/semen-indonesia-chief-heading-pertamina.html">Semen Indonesia chief heading Pertamina'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 28 November 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/03/16/elia-massa-manik-appointed-as-new-pertamina-chief.html">"Elia Massa Manik appointed Pertamina chief"</a>. <i>The Jakarta Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jakarta+Post&rft.atitle=Elia+Massa+Manik+appointed+Pertamina+chief&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2F03%2F16%2Felia-massa-manik-appointed-as-new-pertamina-chief.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APertamina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/08/29/jokowi-has-high-hopes-for-new-pertamina-ceo.html">Jokowi has high hopes for new Pertamina CEO'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 29 August 2018, and Shotaro Tani, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Pertamina-s-new-CEO-faces-tough-fight-amid-low-state-set-prices-and-rising-costs">Pertamina's new CEO faces tough fight amid low state-set prices and rising costs'</a>, <i>Nikkei Asian Review</i>, 29 August 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">' <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.kompas.com/read/2024/11/05/070500126/simon-dan-iwan-bule-dipilih-jadi-dirut-dan-komut-pertamina-ini-tanggapan">Simon Mantiri and Iwan Bule appointed President Director and President Commissioner of Pertamina'</a>, <i>Kompas</i>, 5 November 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hanun Nugroho, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/07/14/consumption-keeps-growing-energy-infrastructure-worsens.html">Consumption keeps growing as energy infrastructure worsens'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 14 July 2008. see also Tito Summa Siahaan & Dominic G. Diongson, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/business/crude-hurdles-in-getting-new-oil-refineries-2/">Crude Hurdles in Getting New Oil Refiniries'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Globe</i>, 20 May 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref2013040106-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref2013040106_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investvine.com/thailands-ptt-delays-malaysia-investment/">"Thailand's PTT delays Malaysia investment"</a>. Investvine.com. 1 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Thailand%27s+PTT+delays+Malaysia+investment&rft.date=2013-04-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finvestvine.com%2Fthailands-ptt-delays-malaysia-investment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APertamina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amahl S. Azwar, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/01/07/top-official-urges-ri-offer-incentives-refinery-construction.html">Top official urgest RI to offer incentives for refinery construction'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 7 January 2012. Further details (in Indonesian) are on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pertamina.com/Refinery.aspx">Pertamina refinery website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115002634/http://pertamina.com/Refinery.aspx">Archived</a> 15 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a comparative list of oil refineries across the world, see this <a href="/wiki/List_of_oil_refineries" title="List of oil refineries">List of oil refineries</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pertamina.com/en/news-room/news-release/tuban-refinery-reoperates/">Tuban refinery reoperates'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170115221724/http://www.pertamina.com/en/news-room/news-release/tuban-refinery-reoperates/">Archived</a> 15 January 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 7 November 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170824122949/http://www.donggisenorolng.co.id/dslng-project/eng/DSLNG-Project">"Donggi Senoro LNG project"</a>. <i>Donggisenorolng.co.id</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://donggisenorolng.co.id/dslng-project/eng/DSLNG-project/">the original</a> on 24 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Donggisenorolng.co.id&rft.atitle=Donggi+Senoro+LNG+project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdonggisenorolng.co.id%2Fdslng-project%2Feng%2FDSLNG-project%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APertamina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lngworldnews.com/new-lng-story-begins-for-arun-terminal/">"New LNG story begins for Arun terminal"</a>. <i>Lngworldnews.com</i>. 10 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lngworldnews.com&rft.atitle=New+LNG+story+begins+for+Arun+terminal&rft.date=2015-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lngworldnews.com%2Fnew-lng-story-begins-for-arun-terminal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APertamina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amahl S. Azwar, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/02/13/ri-s-dream-more-oil-refineries-hits-govt-intransigence.html">RI's dream for more oil refineries hits govt intransigence'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 13 February 2013 and Amahl S. Azwar, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/05/04/indonesia-woo-iraq-invest-oil-refineries.html">Indonesia to woo Iraq to invest in oil refineries'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 4 May 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amahl S. Azwar, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/05/20/govt-rebuff-incentive-proposal-oil-refineries.html">Govt to rebuff incentive proposal for oil refineries'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 20 May 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amahl S. Azwar, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/09/20/ri-oil-from-opec-net-importer.html">RI oil: From OPEC to net importer</a>', <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 20 September 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raras Cahyafitri, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/10/03/pertamina-plans-upgrade-oil-refineries.html">Pertamina plans to upgrade oil refineries'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 3 October 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pertaminaretail.com/Bright.aspx">"Pertamina Retail"</a>. <i>Pertaminaretail.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pertaminaretail.com&rft.atitle=Pertamina+Retail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pertaminaretail.com%2FBright.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APertamina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180102224828/http://www.pertamina.com/en/documents/laporan-tahunan">"Documents | Corporate Website PT Pertamina (Persero)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pertamina.com/en/documents/laporan-tahunan">the original</a> on 2 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Documents+%7C+Corporate+Website+PT+Pertamina+%28Persero%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pertamina.com%2Fen%2Fdocuments%2Flaporan-tahunan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APertamina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.piep.pertamina.com/siapa-kami">"Pertamina Internasional EP | Siapa Kami"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pertamina+Internasional+EP+%26%23124%3B+Siapa+Kami&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.piep.pertamina.com%2Fsiapa-kami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APertamina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140834/http://pepcadk.pertamina.com/media/1027/laporan-tahunan-tahun-buku-2016.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pepcadk.pertamina.com/media/1027/laporan-tahunan-tahun-buku-2016.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpepcadk.pertamina.com%2Fmedia%2F1027%2Flaporan-tahunan-tahun-buku-2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APertamina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612161823/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapid=225356407">"ConocoPhillips Algeria Ltd.: Private Company Information - Bloomberg"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapid=225356407">the original</a> on 12 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=ConocoPhillips+Algeria+Ltd.%3A+Private+Company+Information+-+Bloomberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fresearch%2Fstocks%2Fprivate%2Fsnapshot.asp%3Fprivcapid%3D225356407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APertamina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101214135109/http://pertamina.com/index.php/detail/read/our_products">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pertamina.com/index.php/detail/read/our_products">the original</a> on 14 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pertamina.com%2Findex.php%2Fdetail%2Fread%2Four_products&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APertamina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span> Pertamina Products</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221141925/https://www.iotomotif.com/47594/pertamax-turbo-segera-meluncur-di-indonesia/">"Pertamax Turbo Segera Meluncur di Indonesia - Majalah Otomotif Indonesia"</a>. <i>Iotomotif.com</i>. 10 August 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iotomotif.com/47594/pertamax-turbo-segera-meluncur-di-indonesia/">the original</a> on 21 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iotomotif.com&rft.atitle=Pertamax+Turbo+Segera+Meluncur+di+Indonesia+-+Majalah+Otomotif+Indonesia&rft.date=2016-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iotomotif.com%2F47594%2Fpertamax-turbo-segera-meluncur-di-indonesia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APertamina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/pertamina-drops-sponsorship-for-f1-driver-haryanto/articleshow/56314193.cms">"Pertamina drops sponsorship for F1 driver Haryanto"</a>. <i>The Economic Times</i>. 3 January 2017. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0389">0013-0389</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Pertamina+drops+sponsorship+for+F1+driver+Haryanto&rft.date=2017-01-03&rft.issn=0013-0389&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fsports%2Fpertamina-drops-sponsorship-for-f1-driver-haryanto%2Farticleshow%2F56314193.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APertamina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSports2022" class="citation web cs1">Sports, Dorna (9 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motogp.com/en/news/2022/02/09/pertamina-to-title-sponsor-grand-prix-of-indonesia/406065">"Pertamina to title sponsor Grand Prix of Indonesia"</a>. <i>www.motogp.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.motogp.com&rft.atitle=Pertamina+to+title+sponsor+Grand+Prix+of+Indonesia&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft.aulast=Sports&rft.aufirst=Dorna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motogp.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2F2022%2F02%2F09%2Fpertamina-to-title-sponsor-grand-prix-of-indonesia%2F406065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APertamina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertamina&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Formerly an abbreviation of <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Perusahaan Negara Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi Nasional</i></span> (lit. 'National Oil and Natural Gas Mining State Corporation') between 1968 and 31 December 1971 and <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Perusahaan Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi Negara</i></span> (lit. 'State Oil and Natural Gas Mining Company') between 1 January 1972 and 2003</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertamina&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Petroleum_industry" title="Template:Petroleum industry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Petroleum_industry" title="Template talk:Petroleum industry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Petroleum_industry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Petroleum industry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Petroleum_industry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry" title="Petroleum industry">Petroleum industry</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_energy" title="Primary energy">Primary energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Benchmark_(crude_oil)" title="Benchmark (crude oil)">Benchmarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argus_Sour_Crude_Index" title="Argus Sour Crude Index">Argus Sour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonny_Light_oil" title="Bonny Light oil">Bonny Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Crude" title="Brent Crude">Brent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubai_Crude" title="Dubai Crude">Dubai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Basket" title="Indian Basket">Indian Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Crude_Price" title="Indonesian Crude Price">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmus-34_Light" title="Isthmus-34 Light">Isthmus-34 Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Crude_Cocktail" title="Japan Crude Cocktail">Japan Cocktail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPEC_Reference_Basket" title="OPEC Reference Basket">OPEC Reference Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapis_crude" title="Tapis crude">Tapis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urals_oil" title="Urals oil">Urals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Texas_Intermediate" title="West Texas Intermediate">West Texas Intermediate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Canadian_Select" title="Western Canadian Select">Western Canadian Select</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Data</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Natural gas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_consumption" title="List of countries by natural gas consumption">Consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_production" title="List of countries by natural gas production">Production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_proven_reserves" title="List of countries by natural gas proven reserves">Reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_imports" title="List of countries by natural gas imports">Imports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_exports" title="List of countries by natural gas exports">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_prices" title="Natural gas prices">Price</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Petroleum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_oil_consumption" title="List of countries by oil consumption">Consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_oil_production" title="List of countries by oil production">Production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_proven_oil_reserves" title="List of countries by proven oil reserves">Reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_oil_imports" title="List of countries by oil imports">Imports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_oil_exports" title="List of countries by oil exports">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posted_oil_price" title="Posted oil price">Posted oil price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price_of_oil" title="Price of oil">Price</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing" title="Gasoline and diesel usage and pricing">of gasoline and diesel</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon_exploration" title="Hydrocarbon exploration">Exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Core_sample" title="Core sample">Core sampling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_geophysics" title="Exploration geophysics">Geophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_asset_modelling" title="Integrated asset modelling">Integrated asset modelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_engineering" title="Petroleum engineering">Petroleum engineering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir_simulation" title="Reservoir simulation">Reservoir simulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir_modeling" title="Reservoir modeling">Reservoir modeling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_geology" title="Petroleum geology">Petroleum geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrophysics" title="Petrophysics">Petrophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflection_seismology" title="Reflection seismology">Reflection seismology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seismic_inversion" title="Seismic inversion">Seismic inversion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seismic_source" title="Seismic source">Seismic source</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Oil_well" title="Oil well">Drilling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blowout_(well_drilling)" title="Blowout (well drilling)">Blowout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Completion_(oil_and_gas_wells)" title="Completion (oil and gas wells)">Completion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_job" title="Squeeze job">Squeeze job</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differential_sticking" title="Differential sticking">Differential sticking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directional_drilling" title="Directional drilling">Directional drilling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geosteering" title="Geosteering">Geosteering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drill_stem_test" title="Drill stem test">Drill stem test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drilling_engineering" title="Drilling engineering">Drilling engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drilling_fluid" title="Drilling fluid">Drilling fluid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drilling_fluid_invasion" title="Drilling fluid invasion">invasion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_circulation" title="Lost circulation">Lost circulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Measurement_while_drilling" title="Measurement while drilling">Measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shale_oil_extraction" title="Shale oil extraction">Shale oil extraction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Ljungstr%C3%B6m#Shale_oil_extraction" title="Fredrik Ljungström">Ljungström method</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracer_use_in_the_oil_industry" title="Tracer use in the oil industry">Tracers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underbalanced_drilling" title="Underbalanced drilling">Underbalanced drilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_logging" title="Well logging">Well logging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Extraction_of_petroleum" title="Extraction of petroleum">Production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_fiscal_regime" title="Petroleum fiscal regime">Petroleum fiscal regime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_licensing" title="Petroleum licensing">Concessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_sharing_agreement" title="Production sharing agreement">Production sharing agreements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_lift" title="Artificial lift">Artificial lift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas_lift" title="Gas lift">Gas lift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpjack" title="Pumpjack">Pumpjack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submersible_pump" title="Submersible pump">Submersible pump (ESP)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downstream_(petroleum_industry)" title="Downstream (petroleum industry)">Downstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_oil_recovery" title="Enhanced oil recovery">Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas_reinjection" title="Gas reinjection">Gas reinjection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_injection_(oil_industry)" title="Steam injection (oil industry)">Steam injection</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midstream" title="Midstream">Midstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_product" title="Petroleum product">Petroleum product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipeline" title="Pipeline">Pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">Refining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upstream_(petroleum_industry)" title="Upstream (petroleum industry)">Upstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_injection_(oil_production)" title="Water injection (oil production)">Water injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_intervention" title="Well intervention">Well intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree_(oil_well)" title="Christmas tree (oil well)">XT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_petroleum_industry" title="History of the petroleum industry">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1967_Oil_Embargo" title="1967 Oil Embargo">1967 Oil Embargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_oil_crisis" title="1979 oil crisis">1979 oil crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s_oil_glut" title="1980s oil glut">1980s oil glut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_oil_price_shock" title="1990 oil price shock">1990 oil price shock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s_energy_crisis" title="2000s energy crisis">2000s energy crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_oil_glut" title="2010s oil glut">2010s oil glut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war" title="2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war">2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization_of_oil_supplies" title="Nationalization of oil supplies">Nationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_Exporting_Countries_Forum" title="Gas Exporting Countries Forum">GECF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sisters_(oil_companies)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Sisters (oil companies)">Seven Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil" title="Standard Oil">Standard Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_petroleum_industry_in_Canada" title="History of the petroleum industry in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_petroleum_industry_in_France" title="History of the petroleum industry in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_oil_industry_in_India" title="History of the oil industry in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Iraq" title="Petroleum industry in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_petroleum_industry_in_Norway" title="History of the petroleum industry in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_oil_industry_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="History of the oil industry in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_petroleum_industry_in_the_United_States" title="History of the petroleum industry in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Venezuelan_oil_industry" title="History of the Venezuelan oil industry">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Provinces<br />and fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_gas_fields" title="List of natural gas fields">List of natural gas fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oil_fields" title="List of oil fields">List of oil fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_Oil_Province" title="East Midlands Oil Province">East Midlands Oil Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Texas_Oil_Field" title="East Texas Oil Field">East Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_Delta#Nigerian_oil" title="Niger Delta">Niger Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">North Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permian_Basin_(North_America)" title="Permian Basin (North America)">Permian Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prudhoe_Bay_Oil_Field" title="Prudhoe Bay Oil Field">Prudhoe Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Russia" title="Oil reserves in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Venezuela" title="Oil reserves in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Canadian_Sedimentary_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin">Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_abbreviations_in_oil_and_gas_exploration_and_production" title="List of abbreviations in oil and gas exploration and production">Abbreviations</a></li> <li>Classification <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_crude_oil" title="Sweet crude oil">sweet oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sour_crude_oil" title="Sour crude oil">sour oil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_shale_gas" title="Oil shale gas">Oil shale gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphan_wells" title="Orphan wells">Orphan wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_oil" title="Peak oil">Peak oil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_phase-out" title="Fossil fuel phase-out">fossil fuel phase-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predicting_the_timing_of_peak_oil" title="Predicting the timing of peak oil">timing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrocurrency" title="Petrocurrency">Petrocurrency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrodollar_recycling" title="Petrodollar recycling">Petrodollar recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrofiction" title="Petrofiction">Petrofiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shale_band" title="Shale band">Shale band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shale_gas" title="Shale gas">Shale gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_producer" title="Swing producer">Swing producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconventional_(oil_and_gas)_reservoir" title="Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir">Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_crude_oil" title="Heavy crude oil">heavy crude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_sands" title="Oil sands">oil sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_shale" title="Oil shale">oil shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tight_oil" title="Tight oil">tight oil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Companies and<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Major<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_oil_exploration_and_production_companies" title="List of oil exploration and production companies">petroleum<br />companies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Oil" title="Big Oil">Supermajors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevron_Corporation" title="Chevron Corporation">Chevron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eni" title="Eni">Eni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_plc" title="Shell plc">Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TotalEnergies" title="TotalEnergies">TotalEnergies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/National_oil_company" title="National oil company">National oil<br />companies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_National_Oil_Company" title="Abu Dhabi National Oil Company">Abu Dhabi National Oil Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANCAP_(Uruguay)" title="ANCAP (Uruguay)">ANCAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Petroleum" title="Bharat Petroleum">Bharat Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Offshore_Oil_Corporation" title="China National Offshore Oil Corporation">China National Offshore Oil Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Petroleum_Corporation" title="China National Petroleum Corporation">China National Petroleum Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecopetrol" title="Ecopetrol">Ecopetrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equinor" title="Equinor">Equinor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom">Gazprom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Petroleum" title="Hindustan Petroleum">Hindustan Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Oil_Corporation" title="Indian Oil Corporation">Indian Oil Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_National_Oil_Company" title="Iraq National Oil Company">Iraq National Oil Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KazMunayGas" title="KazMunayGas">KazMunayGas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Petroleum_Corporation" title="Kuwait Petroleum Corporation">Kuwait Petroleum Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupa_Lotos" title="Grupa Lotos">Lotos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftogaz" title="Naftogaz">Naftogaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Iranian_Oil_Company" title="National Iranian Oil Company">National Iranian Oil Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Iranian_South_Oil_Company" title="National Iranian South Oil Company">National Iranian South Oil Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NNPC_Limited" title="NNPC Limited">NNPC Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_%26_Gas_Development_Company" title="Oil & Gas Development Company">Oil & Gas Development Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_and_Natural_Gas_Corporation" title="Oil and Natural Gas Corporation">Oil and Natural Gas Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlen" title="Orlen">Orlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDVSA" title="PDVSA">PDVSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex">Pemex</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pertamina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrobangla" title="Petrobangla">Petrobangla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrobras" title="Petrobras">Petrobras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PetroChina" title="PetroChina">PetroChina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petronas" title="Petronas">Petronas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrovietnam" title="Petrovietnam">Petrovietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTT_Public_Company_Limited" title="PTT Public Company Limited">PTT Public Company Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QatarEnergy" title="QatarEnergy">QatarEnergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosneft" title="Rosneft">Rosneft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Aramco" title="Saudi Aramco">Saudi Aramco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinopec" title="Sinopec">Sinopec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOCAR" title="SOCAR">SOCAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonangol_Group" title="Sonangol Group">Sonangol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonatrach" title="Sonatrach">Sonatrach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TPAO" title="TPAO">TPAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YPF" title="YPF">YPF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Energy_trading" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy trading">Energy trading</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enron" title="Enron">Enron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glencore" title="Glencore">Glencore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunvor" title="Gunvor">Gunvor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercuria" title="Mercuria">Mercuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftiran_Intertrade" title="Naftiran Intertrade">Naftiran Intertrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafigura" title="Trafigura">Trafigura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitol" title="Vitol">Vitol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APA_Corporation" title="APA Corporation">APA Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenovus_Energy" title="Cenovus Energy">Cenovus Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cepsa" title="Cepsa">Cepsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConocoPhillips" title="ConocoPhillips">ConocoPhillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_Energy" title="Devon Energy">Devon Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eneos_Holdings" title="Eneos Holdings">Eneos Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galp_Energia" title="Galp Energia">Galp Energia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hess_Corporation" title="Hess Corporation">Hess Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husky_Energy" title="Husky Energy">Husky Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Oil" title="Imperial Oil">Imperial Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil" title="Lukoil">Lukoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon_Oil" title="Marathon Oil">Marathon Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon_Petroleum" title="Marathon Petroleum">Marathon Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occidental_Petroleum" title="Occidental Petroleum">Occidental Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMV" title="OMV">OMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_66" title="Phillips 66">Phillips 66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Harcourt_Refining_Company" title="Port Harcourt Refining Company">Port Harcourt Refining Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliance_Industries" title="Reliance Industries">Reliance Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repsol" title="Repsol">Repsol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suncor_Energy" title="Suncor Energy">Suncor Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunoco" title="Sunoco">Sunoco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgutneftegas" title="Surgutneftegas">Surgutneftegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TechnipFMC" title="TechnipFMC">TechnipFMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNK-BP" title="TNK-BP">TNK-BP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullow_Oil" title="Tullow Oil">Tullow Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCpra%C5%9F" title="Tüpraş">Tüpraş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valero_Energy" title="Valero Energy">Valero Energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Major<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_oilfield_service_companies" title="List of oilfield service companies">services<br />companies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amec_Foster_Wheeler" title="Amec Foster Wheeler">Amec Foster Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Hughes" title="Baker Hughes">Baker Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_International" title="Cameron International">Cameron International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGG_(company)" title="CGG (company)">CGG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CH2M" title="CH2M">CH2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bridge_%26_Iron_Company" title="Chicago Bridge & Iron Company">Chicago Bridge & Iron Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Oilfield_Services" title="China Oilfield Services">China Oilfield Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enbridge" title="Enbridge">Enbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Power" title="GE Power">GE Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halliburton" title="Halliburton">Halliburton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabors_Industries" title="Nabors Industries">Nabors Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftiran_Intertrade" title="Naftiran Intertrade">Naftiran Intertrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOV_Inc." title="NOV Inc.">NOV Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrofac" title="Petrofac">Petrofac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saipem" title="Saipem">Saipem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlumberger" title="Schlumberger">Schlumberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snam" title="Snam">Snam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsea_7" title="Subsea 7">Subsea 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TC_Energy" title="TC Energy">TC Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transocean" title="Transocean">Transocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valaris_Limited" title="Valaris Limited">Valaris Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weatherford_International" title="Weatherford International">Weatherford International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wood_Group" title="John Wood Group">John Wood Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Petroleum_Institute" title="American Petroleum Institute">American Petroleum Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_petroleum_companies" title="Canadian petroleum companies">Canadian petroleum companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_Exchange_Futures" title="Intercontinental Exchange Futures">Intercontinental Exchange Futures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Oil_%26_Gas_Producers" title="International Association of Oil & Gas Producers">International Association of Oil & Gas Producers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Energy_Agency" title="International Energy Agency">International Energy Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Petroleum_Engineers" title="Society of Petroleum Engineers">Society of Petroleum Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Petroleum_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="World Petroleum Council">World Petroleum Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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