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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Samorząd_terytorialny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samorząd_terytorialny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Samorząd terytorialny</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Samorząd_terytorialny-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Przełącz podsekcję Samorząd terytorialny</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Samorząd_terytorialny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jednostki_podziału_administracyjnego" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jednostki_podziału_administracyjnego"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Jednostki podziału administracyjnego</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jednostki_podziału_administracyjnego-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inne_rodzaje_gmin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inne_rodzaje_gmin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Inne rodzaje gmin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inne_rodzaje_gmin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gmina</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 108 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-108" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">108 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munisipaliteit" title="Munisipaliteit – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Munisipaliteit" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinde" title="Gemeinde – szwajcarski niemiecki" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gemeinde" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="szwajcarski niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="بلدية – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلدية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipio" title="Municipio – aragoński" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Municipio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipiu" title="Municipiu – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Municipiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%99l%C9%99diyy%C9%99" title="Bələdiyyə – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bələdiyyə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%87" title="بلدیه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بلدیه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE" title="পৌরসভা – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পৌরসভা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki-ch%C3%A2n_ch%C3%A8ng-ko%C3%A2n" title="Ki-chân chèng-koân – minnański" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ki-chân chèng-koân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Муниципалитет – baszkirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Муниципалитет" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baszkirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Муніцыпалітэт – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Муніцыпалітэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="नगरपालिका – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नगरपालिका" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmoa" title="Gmoa – bawarski" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gmoa" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bawarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C4%87ina" title="Općina – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Općina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipi" title="Municipi – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Municipi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obec" title="Obec – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Obec" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kommune" title="Kommune – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kommune" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinde" title="Gemeinde – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gemeinde" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmejna" title="Gmejna – dolnołużycki" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Gmejna" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="dolnołużycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omavalitsus%C3%BCksus" title="Omavalitsusüksus – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Omavalitsusüksus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Δήμος – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δήμος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Municipality" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipio" title="Municipio – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Municipio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipo" title="Municipo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Municipo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monic%C3%ADpiu" title="Monicípiu – estremadurski" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Monicípiu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremadurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udalerri" title="Udalerri – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Udalerri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="شهرداری – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شهرداری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalit%C3%A9" title="Municipalité – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Municipalité" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeente_(bestjoer)" title="Gemeente (bestjoer) – zachodniofryzyjski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gemeente (bestjoer)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zachodniofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipio" title="Municipio – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Municipio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AE-chh%C3%A8n_ch%E1%B9%B3n-khi%C3%A8n" title="Kî-chhèn chṳn-khièn – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kî-chhèn chṳn-khièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%B0%A9%EC%9E%90%EC%B9%98%EC%B2%B4" title="지방자치체 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지방자치체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aupuni_kiwik%C4%81" title="Aupuni kiwikā – hawajski" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Aupuni kiwikā" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="नगरपालिका – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नगरपालिका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmejna" title="Gmejna – górnołużycki" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Gmejna" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="górnołużycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C4%87ina" title="Općina – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Općina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munisipalitas" title="Munisipalitas – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Munisipalitas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMkhandlusidlidli" title="UMkhandlusidlidli – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UMkhandlusidlidli" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveitarf%C3%A9lag" title="Sveitarfélag – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sveitarfélag" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comune" title="Comune – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Comune" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="עירייה – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עירייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geminte" title="Geminte – jawajski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Geminte" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jawajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="მუნიციპალიტეტი – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მუნიციპალიტეტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Муниципалитет – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Муниципалитет" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manispaa" title="Manispaa – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Manispaa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Earedar%C3%AE" title="Şaredarî – kurdyjski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şaredarî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Муниципалитет – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Муниципалитет" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemun" title="Chemun – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Chemun" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipium" title="Municipium – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Municipium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%A1vald%C4%ABba" title="Pašvaldība – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pašvaldība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeng" title="Gemeng – luksemburski" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gemeng" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savivaldyb%C4%97" title="Savivaldybė – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Savivaldybė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comun" title="Comun – liguryjski" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Comun" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguryjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeint" title="Gemeint – limburski" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Gemeint" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6zs%C3%A9g" title="Község – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Község" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="नगरपालिका – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="नगरपालिका" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AD" title="നഗരസഭ – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നഗരസഭ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="नगरपालिका – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नगरपालिका" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87" title="بلديه – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بلديه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasan_perbandaran" title="Kawasan perbandaran – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kawasan perbandaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeente_(bestuur)" title="Gemeente (bestuur) – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gemeente (bestuur)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemiente_(bestuur)" title="Gemiente (bestuur) – dolnosaksoński" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Gemiente (bestuur)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="dolnosaksoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="नगरपालिका – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नगरपालिका" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E4%BD%93" title="基礎自治体 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="基礎自治体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kommune" title="Kommune – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kommune" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kommune" title="Kommune – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kommune" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipi" title="Municipi – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Municipi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munitsipalitet" title="Munitsipalitet – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Munitsipalitet" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="ਨਗਰ ਪਾਲਿਕਾ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਗਰ ਪਾਲਿਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="میونسپلٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میونسپلٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munisipio" title="Munisipio – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Munisipio" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%9A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A" title="ښاروالي – paszto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ښاروالي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paszto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeen" title="Gemeen – dolnoniemiecki" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gemeen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolnoniemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munic%C3%ADpio" title="Município – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Município" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipiu" title="Municipiu – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Municipiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munisipyu" title="Munisipyu – keczua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Munisipyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keczua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Муниципалитет – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Муниципалитет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Municipality" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meente" title="Meente – fryzyjski saterlandzki" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Meente" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="fryzyjski saterlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkia" title="Bashkia – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bashkia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Municipality" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="بلديت – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بلديت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obec_(spr%C3%A1vna_jednotka)" title="Obec (správna jednotka) – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Obec (správna jednotka)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob%C4%8Dina" title="Občina – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Občina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowlad_Hoose" title="Dowlad Hoose – somalijski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dowlad Hoose" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="شارەوانی – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شارەوانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Општина – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Општина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munisipalitas" title="Munisipalitas – sundajski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Munisipalitas" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunta" title="Kunta – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kommun" title="Kommun – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kommun" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munisipalidad" title="Munisipalidad – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Munisipalidad" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="நகராட்சி – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நகராட்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Муниципалитет – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Муниципалитет" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsellu" title="Konsellu – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Konsellu" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5" title="เทศบาล – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เทศบาล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belediye" title="Belediye – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Belediye" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munisipal" title="Munisipal – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Munisipal" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Муніципалітет – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Муніципалітет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%81" title="بلدیہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بلدیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khu_t%E1%BB%B1_qu%E1%BA%A3n" title="Khu tự quản – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khu tự quản" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gem%C3%AAente" title="Gemêente – zachodnioflamandzki" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Gemêente" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="zachodnioflamandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E6%94%BF%E5%BD%93%E5%B1%80" title="市政当局 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="市政当局" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%98" title="מוניציפאליטעט – jidysz" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מוניציפאליטעט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidysz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="市政府 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="市政府" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belediya" title="Belediya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Belediya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geme%C3%AAnte" title="Gemeênte – zelandzki" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Gemeênte" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B1%A4%E6%94%BF%E9%AB%94" title="基層政體 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="基層政體" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamint%C3%A9" title="Haminté – betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Haminté" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15284#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gmina" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja:Gmina" rel="discussion" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">polski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Widok"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gmina"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmina&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmina&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmina&action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gmina"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmina&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmina&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmina&action=history"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Gmina" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Gmina" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne" title="Lista wszystkich stron specjalnych [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Strony specjalne</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmina&oldid=71890010" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmina&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Gmina&id=71890010&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGmina"><span>Zobacz skrócony adres URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGmina"><span>Pobierz kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukuj lub eksportuj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Gmina"><span>Utwórz książkę</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gmina&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pobierz jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmina&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Municipalities" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15284" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><p><b>Gmina</b> (z <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_niemiecki" title="Język niemiecki">niem.</a> <em lang="de">Gemeinde</em>) – jednostka <a href="/wiki/Podzia%C5%82_administracyjny" title="Podział administracyjny">podziału administracyjnego</a><sup id="cite_ref-Słownik_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Słownik-1">[1]</a></sup>. </p><p>Stanowi wspólnotę samorządową (mieszkańcy gminy) oraz odpowiednie terytorium, tj. obszar możliwie jednorodny ze względu na układ osadniczy i przestrzenny, jak również więzi społeczne i gospodarcze zapewniające zdolność wykonywania zadań publicznych<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p><p>Organizacja prawna i pozycja ustrojowa gminy różnią się w poszczególnych państwach i są zwykle określane ustawowo. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Samorząd_terytorialny"><span id="Samorz.C4.85d_terytorialny"></span>Samorząd terytorialny</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmina&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Samorząd terytorialny" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmina&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Samorząd terytorialny"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:POLSKA_mapa_-_gminy_2008-01-01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/POLSKA_mapa_-_gminy_2008-01-01.png/220px-POLSKA_mapa_-_gminy_2008-01-01.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/POLSKA_mapa_-_gminy_2008-01-01.png/330px-POLSKA_mapa_-_gminy_2008-01-01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/POLSKA_mapa_-_gminy_2008-01-01.png/440px-POLSKA_mapa_-_gminy_2008-01-01.png 2x" data-file-width="2041" data-file-height="1895" /></a><figcaption>Polska dzieli się na 2477 gmin, będących podstawową jednostką samorządu terytorialnego. Jednostkami wyższymi są <a href="/wiki/Powiat_(Polska)" title="Powiat (Polska)">powiat</a> i <a href="/wiki/Wojew%C3%B3dztwo" title="Województwo">województwo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Najczęściej gminy są podstawową, najczęściej najniższą, jednostką <a href="/wiki/Samorz%C4%85d_terytorialny" title="Samorząd terytorialny">samorządu terytorialnego</a>, wyposażoną w określone prawem kompetencje ogólne, dotyczące spraw ludności na określonym terytorium. Jej przedstawiciele wybierani są spośród lokalnej społeczności. Obszar i społeczność gminy połączone są więzami gospodarczymi, kulturalnymi i komunikacyjnymi<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFBanaszak2012420–421_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFBanaszak2012420–421-3">[3]</a></sup>. </p><p>Można wyróżnić trzy zasadnicze modele ustrojowe gmin<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFBanaszak2012420–421_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFBanaszak2012420–421-3">[3]</a></sup>: </p> <ul><li>Monistyczny – wybierana przez mieszkańców rada jest jedynym organem gminy, o uprawnieniach zarówno uchwałodawczych, jak i wykonawczych. Działalność administracyjna jest prowadzona zwykle przez wyspecjalizowane jednostki (bez statusu organu), kontrolowane bezpośrednio przez radę. Model występuje w krajach anglosaskich.</li> <li>Dualistyczny – obok wybieranej przez mieszkańców rady mającej uprawnienia uchwałodawcze istnieje organ wykonawczy, często jednoosobowy (burmistrz, mer) i również często pochodzący z wyboru. Model występuje w niektórych stanach USA, Francji i niektórych landach Niemiec.</li> <li>Trialistyczny – w gminie istnieją trzy zasadnicze organy, o kompetencjach różnych w poszczególnych krajach. Z bezpośredniego wyboru pochodzi rada, która wybiera zarząd (magistrat) – o uprawnieniach wykonawczych lub uchwałodawczych (druga izba gminy). Zarząd wybiera jednoosobowy organ do prowadzenia bieżącej administracji. Model występuje w niektórych landach Niemiec.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jednostki_podziału_administracyjnego"><span id="Jednostki_podzia.C5.82u_administracyjnego"></span>Jednostki podziału administracyjnego</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmina&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Jednostki podziału administracyjnego" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmina&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Jednostki podziału administracyjnego"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Germany_(%2Bdistricts_%2Bmunicipalities)_location_map_current.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Germany_%28%2Bdistricts_%2Bmunicipalities%29_location_map_current.svg/220px-Germany_%28%2Bdistricts_%2Bmunicipalities%29_location_map_current.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Germany_%28%2Bdistricts_%2Bmunicipalities%29_location_map_current.svg/330px-Germany_%28%2Bdistricts_%2Bmunicipalities%29_location_map_current.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Germany_%28%2Bdistricts_%2Bmunicipalities%29_location_map_current.svg/440px-Germany_%28%2Bdistricts_%2Bmunicipalities%29_location_map_current.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1779" data-file-height="2095" /></a><figcaption>W państwach federalnych (np. Niemcy) poszczególne kraje mogą mieć odmienne zasady podziału administracyjnego i tym samym odmienne rozmiary i kompetencje gmin.</figcaption></figure> <p>Przykłady gmin jako jednostki podziału administracyjnego w wybranych państwach: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_(Polska)" title="Gmina (Polska)">gmina</a> w <a href="/wiki/Polska" title="Polska">Polsce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">gmina</a> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_angielski" title="Język angielski">ang.</a> <em lang="en">Borough</em>) w <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Anglii</a> i <a href="/wiki/Walia" title="Walia">Walii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gminy_Bu%C5%82garii" title="Gminy Bułgarii">gmina</a> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_bu%C5%82garski" title="Język bułgarski">bułg.</a> <span style="font-style: normal;" lang="bg">община</span>) w <a href="/wiki/Bu%C5%82garia" title="Bułgaria">Bułgarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obec" title="Obec">gmina</a> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_czeski" title="Język czeski">cz.</a> <em lang="cs">obec</em>, <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_s%C5%82owacki" title="Język słowacki">słow.</a> <em lang="sk">obec</em>) w <a href="/wiki/Czechy" title="Czechy">Czechach</a> i <a href="/wiki/S%C5%82owacja" title="Słowacja">Słowacji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gminy_w_Danii" title="Gminy w Danii">gmina</a> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_du%C5%84ski" title="Język duński">duń.</a> <em lang="da">kommune</em>) w <a href="/wiki/Dania" title="Dania">Danii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gminy_w_Finlandii" title="Gminy w Finlandii">gmina</a> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_fi%C5%84ski" title="Język fiński">fiń.</a> <em lang="fi">kunta</em>, <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_szwedzki" title="Język szwedzki">szw.</a> <em lang="sv">kommun</em>) w <a href="/wiki/Finlandia" title="Finlandia">Finlandii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_(Francja)" title="Gmina (Francja)">gmina</a> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_francuski" title="Język francuski">fr.</a> <em lang="fr">commune</em>) we <a href="/wiki/Francja" title="Francja">Francji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demos" title="Demos">gmina</a> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_grecki" title="Język grecki">gr.</a> <span style="font-style: normal;" lang="el">δήμος</span>, <em lang="el-Latn">dimos</em>) w <a href="/wiki/Grecja" title="Grecja">Grecji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gminy_Haiti" title="Gminy Haiti">gmina</a> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_francuski" title="Język francuski">fr.</a> <em lang="fr">commune</em>) w <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gminy_Meksyku" title="Gminy Meksyku">gmina</a> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_hiszpa%C5%84ski" title="Język hiszpański">hiszp.</a> <em lang="es">municipios</em>) w <a href="/wiki/Meksyk" title="Meksyk">Meksyku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gminy_w_Niemczech" title="Gminy w Niemczech">gmina</a> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_niemiecki" title="Język niemiecki">niem.</a> <em lang="de">Gemeinde</em>) w <a href="/wiki/Niemcy" title="Niemcy">Niemczech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gminy_Norwegii" title="Gminy Norwegii">gmina</a> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_norweski" title="Język norweski">norw.</a> <em lang="no">kommune</em>) w <a href="/wiki/Norwegia" title="Norwegia">Norwegii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gminy_Portugalii" title="Gminy Portugalii">gmina</a> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_portugalski" title="Język portugalski">port.</a> <em lang="pt">município</em>, <em lang="pt">concelho</em>) w <a href="/wiki/Portugalia" title="Portugalia">Portugalii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concelho" title="Concelho">gmina</a> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_portugalski" title="Język portugalski">port.</a> <em lang="pt">concelho</em>) w <a href="/wiki/Republika_Zielonego_Przyl%C4%85dka" title="Republika Zielonego Przylądka">Republice Zielonego Przylądka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_polityczna_(Szwajcaria)" title="Gmina polityczna (Szwajcaria)">gmina</a> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_niemiecki" title="Język niemiecki">niem.</a> <em lang="de">Gemeinde</em>, <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_francuski" title="Język francuski">fr.</a> <em lang="fr">commune</em>, <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_w%C5%82oski" title="Język włoski">wł.</a> <em lang="it">comune</em>, <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_romansz" title="Język romansz">retorom.</a> <em lang="rm">vischnanca</em>) w <a href="/wiki/Szwajcaria" title="Szwajcaria">Szwajcarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gminy_w_Szwecji" title="Gminy w Szwecji">gmina</a> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_szwedzki" title="Język szwedzki">szw.</a> <em lang="sv">kommun</em>) w <a href="/wiki/Szwecja" title="Szwecja">Szwecji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gminy_Wysp_Owczych" title="Gminy Wysp Owczych">gmina</a> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_farerski" title="Język farerski">far.</a> <em lang="fo">kommunur</em>) na <a href="/wiki/Wyspy_Owcze" title="Wyspy Owcze">Wyspach Owczych</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inne_rodzaje_gmin">Inne rodzaje gmin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmina&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Inne rodzaje gmin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmina&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Inne rodzaje gmin"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>W niektórych krajach gminami nazywa się również pewne podstawowe jednostki administracyjne, powołane do zarządzania ściśle określonym zakresem spraw, np. gminy szkolne w Stanach Zjednoczonych czy Szwajcarii<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFBanaszak2012420–421_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFBanaszak2012420–421-3">[3]</a></sup>. </p><p>Gmina to również termin odnoszący się do wspólnoty <a href="/wiki/Zwi%C4%85zek_wyznaniowy" title="Związek wyznaniowy">grupy wyznaniowej</a><sup id="cite_ref-Słownik_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Słownik-1">[1]</a></sup>, np. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmina_chrze%C5%9Bcija%C5%84ska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gmina chrześcijańska (strona nie istnieje)">gmina chrześcijańska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zb%C3%B3r" title="Zbór">zbór</a> czy (w judaizmie) <a href="/wiki/Kaha%C5%82" title="Kahał">kahał</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmina&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmina&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/28px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/42px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/56px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="122" data-file-height="117" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/gmina" class="extiw" title="wikt:gmina"><strong>Zobacz hasło</strong> <em>gmina</em> w Wikisłowniku</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/28px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/42px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/56px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;">Zobacz w indeksie <i>Słownika geograficznego Królestwa Polskiego</i> hasło <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Skarbnica_Wikipedii/S%C5%82ownik_geograficzny_Kr%C3%B3lestwa_Polskiego/Gmina" title="Wikipedia:Skarbnica Wikipedii/Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego/Gmina">Gmina</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Słownik-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Słownik_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Słownik_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Anna</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Anna" style="display:none">A.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Runge</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Anna</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Anna">A.</span></span>, <span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Jerzy</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Jerzy" style="display:none">J.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Runge</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Jerzy</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Jerzy">J.</span></span>, <i>Słownik pojęć z geografii społeczno-ekonomicznej</i>, Videograf Edukacja, 2008, s. 108–109, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788360763483" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788360763483">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-83-60763-48-3</span></a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=S%C5%82ownik+poj%C4%99%C4%87+z+geografii+spo%C5%82eczno-ekonomicznej&rft.isbn=978-83-60763-48-3&rft.pub=Videograf+Edukacja&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Runge" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stat.gov.pl/metainformacje/slownik-pojec/pojecia-stosowane-w-statystyce-publicznej/813,pojecie.html"><i>Gmina</i></a>, [w:] Pojęcia stosowane w statystyce publicznej [online], <a href="/wiki/G%C5%82%C3%B3wny_Urz%C4%85d_Statystyczny" title="Główny Urząd Statystyczny">Główny Urząd Statystyczny</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-08-11]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=unknown&rft.atitle=Gmina&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BG%C5%82%C3%B3wny+Urz%C4%85d+Statystyczny%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstat.gov.pl%2Fmetainformacje%2Fslownik-pojec%2Fpojecia-stosowane-w-statystyce-publicznej%2F813%2Cpojecie.html" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFBanaszak2012420–421-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFBanaszak2012420–421_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFBanaszak2012420–421_3-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFBanaszak2012420–421_3-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFBanaszak2012">Banaszak 2012 ↓</a></span>, s. 420–421.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmina&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmina&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book nourl" id="CITEREFBanaszak2012"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Bogusław</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Bogusław" style="display:none">B.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Banaszak</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Bogusław</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Bogusław">B.</span></span>, <i>Porównawcze prawo konstytucyjne współczesnych państw demokratycznych</i>, Wolters Kluwer, 2012<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.aufirst=Bogus%C5%82aw&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Por%C3%B3wnawcze+prawo+konstytucyjne+wsp%C3%B3%C5%82czesnych+pa%C5%84stw+demokratycznych&rft.pub=Wolters+Kluwer&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Banaszak" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-s"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">oznaczenie jednostki administracyjnej</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4019956-3">4019956-3</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119499021">119499021</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Centralna_Biblioteka_Narodowa_we_Florencji" title="Centralna Biblioteka Narodowa we Florencji">BNCF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=2019">2019</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph123545">ph123545</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_%C5%81otwy" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Łotwy">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000055131&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000055131</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/municipality">topic/municipality</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/kommun">kommun</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a 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