BIFROST | ESS

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-8858311-13"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "UA-8858311-13", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false,"page_path":location.pathname + location.search + location.hash});</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/hotjar/hotjar.script.js?sac9rm"></script> <meta name="description" content="BIFROST will explore the intricate physics of magnetism and superconductivity, with applications in the IT and energy materials of tomorrow. It will also be used in geoscience and functional materials. It will do this with neutron spectroscopy, the main tool for investigating low-energy dispersive dynamics in single crystals." /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/ess/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://europeanspallationsource.se/instruments/bifrost" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://europeanspallationsource.se/node/553" /> <title>BIFROST | ESS</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_e9dgESbGtXgg71f19rQkwvZvXbP7YAP_3-IlRph0FCM.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=ess&include=eJxdUNFuBCEI_CFdP-mCSj1SBCPa7f59PbfNJX0hMwPDEIpqYXyAAF-DkoXyT3B22cAaIhg6NAsfKuMwnT2hNxDzretuUFKx49X2cKJpvecLawTecEBkNIffg0k-Q-6zAR-_1H0RnhZ2Parmybe_I8PA7KGvc5bdG1PG7lAGjeuBNWIOCdoglW1I04ZWTxXKK-zONdegQ-nQnvYX_FaOKW1GJnti3o7ctWU974URnyTZL7hpBRJfUebNNBLjmxutb0HbmLFAuvz6y1jX_gAHqYwP" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:300,400,600,700" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_C3zpLvcRllkiWVgt6sALaIoUalXZkrQqBJKpi8e2354.css?delta=2&language=en&theme=ess&include=eJxdUNFuBCEI_CFdP-mCSj1SBCPa7f59PbfNJX0hMwPDEIpqYXyAAF-DkoXyT3B22cAaIhg6NAsfKuMwnT2hNxDzretuUFKx49X2cKJpvecLawTecEBkNIffg0k-Q-6zAR-_1H0RnhZ2Parmybe_I8PA7KGvc5bdG1PG7lAGjeuBNWIOCdoglW1I04ZWTxXKK-zONdegQ-nQnvYX_FaOKW1GJnti3o7ctWU974URnyTZL7hpBRJfUebNNBLjmxutb0HbmLFAuvz6y1jX_gAHqYwP" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_yRQGPdI76XMtYWgmfeK7lLNtvU7etZO7qXGLqVvnyW0.css?delta=3&language=en&theme=ess&include=eJxdUNFuBCEI_CFdP-mCSj1SBCPa7f59PbfNJX0hMwPDEIpqYXyAAF-DkoXyT3B22cAaIhg6NAsfKuMwnT2hNxDzretuUFKx49X2cKJpvecLawTecEBkNIffg0k-Q-6zAR-_1H0RnhZ2Parmybe_I8PA7KGvc5bdG1PG7lAGjeuBNWIOCdoglW1I04ZWTxXKK-zONdegQ-nQnvYX_FaOKW1GJnti3o7ctWU974URnyTZL7hpBRJfUebNNBLjmxutb0HbmLFAuvz6y1jX_gAHqYwP" /> </head> <body> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable"> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <section id="block-sitemap" class="search-sitemap"> <div class="search-sitemap__inner"> <div class="search-sitemap__content"> <div class="views-exposed-form" data-drupal-selector="views-exposed-form-search-page" id="block-search-form"> <form action="/search" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-search-page" accept-charset="UTF-8" class="form"> <div class="form-item form-item-s js-form-item js-form-item-s js-form-type-textfield form-group"> <label for="edit-s" class="form-group__label">Search for</label> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-s" type="text" id="edit-s" name="s" value="" size="30" maxlength="128" class="form-text input" placeholder="Search..." /> </div> <div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input data-drupal-selector="edit-submit-search" type="submit" id="edit-submit-search" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit button--primary" /> </div> </form> </div> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-site-map-navigation-menu" id="block-site-map-navigation"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-site-map-navigation-menu">Main navigation</h2> <ul class="sitemap__1-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">About ESS</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/ess-mandate" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/335">The ESS Mandate</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle The ESS Mandate sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/ess-mandate/ess-story" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4">The ESS Story</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/ess-organisation" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/336">ESS Organisation</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle ESS Organisation sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/ess-organisation/governance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/337">Governance</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Governance sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__4-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/councilmeetings" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248057">Council Meetings</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/ess-organisation/committees" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/338">Committees</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/news-press" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/339">News & Press</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle News & Press sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/media-bank" data-drupal-link-system-path="media-bank">Media Bank</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/redirects/articles" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/579">Web Articles</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/75864">Publications</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/legal-ip" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/503">Legal</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Legal sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/privacy" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6622">ESS Privacy and Cookies Policies</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/contact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/346">Contact ESS</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-instruments" class="is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6">Science & Instruments</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/38">Science Using Neutrons</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Science Using Neutrons sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/chemistry-materials-magnetic-electronic-phenomena" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/25">Chemistry of Materials, Magnetic & Electronic Phenomena</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/engineering-materials-geosciences-archeology-heritage-conservation" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/41">Engineering Materials, Geosciences, Archeology & Heritage Conservation and Fast Neutron Applications</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/life-science-soft-condensed-matter" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40">Life Science & Soft Condensed Matter</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/particle-physics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300">Particle Physics</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/futurescience" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248051">Future Science: What will we see at ESS?</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Future Science: What will we see at ESS? sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__4-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/engineering-materials" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244096">Safer, lighter and stronger engineering materials</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/3D-printing-space-exploration" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244102">Fine-tuning 3D printing for space exploration</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/fight-against-air-pollution" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/245580">New tools in the fight against air pollution and global warming</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/exploring-powerhouse-life" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244103">Exploring the powerhouse of life</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/better-superconductors-improve-cancer-diagnosis" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244109">Better superconductors to improve cancer diagnosis</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/most-effective-cancer-drugs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/245578">Bringing the most effective cancer drugs to market sooner</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/lighting-way-next-generation-energy" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244115">Lighting the way to next generation solar energy</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/new-battery-materials" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/245269">New battery materials for a renewable energy future</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/promise-of-big-data" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/245306">Delivering on the Promise of Big Data</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/disorder-essential-to-life" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/245263">Putting a finger on the disorder essential to life</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/unlocking-secrets-of-water" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244118">Unlocking the secrets of water</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/instruments" class="is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/35">Instruments</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Instruments sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/beer" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/560">BEER</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/bifrost" class="is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/553">BIFROST</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/cspec" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/571">CSPEC</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/dream" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/561">DREAM</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/estia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/393">ESTIA</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/freia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/392">FREIA</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/heimdal" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/576">HEIMDAL</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/loki" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/577">LOKI</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/magic" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/636">MAGIC</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/miracles" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/637">MIRACLES</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/nmx" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/598">NMX</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/odin" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/599">ODIN</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/skadi" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/638">SKADI</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/t-rex" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/639">T-REX</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/vespa" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/640">VESPA</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/data-management-software-centre" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/501">Data Management & Software Centre</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Data Management & Software Centre sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/data-management-software/computing-centre" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/502">Computing Centre</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/labs-and-sample-environment" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/507">Labs and Sample Environment</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Labs and Sample Environment sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/premp" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/534">PREMP</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/fluco" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/535">FLUCO</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/tefi" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/536">TEFI</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/demax" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/537">DEMAX</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/sulf" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/538">SULF</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/mesi" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/539">MESI</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/node/248070" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248070">Committees</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/forusers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/540">For Users</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/ESSscientists" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248090">ESS Scientists</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/ScienceEvents" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248100">Science Events</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/sciencehighlights" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248135">Highlights of Published Papers</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/technology" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7">Technology</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/accelerator" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/588">Accelerator</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Accelerator sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/how-it-works" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/597">How It Works</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/linac" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/606">LINAC</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/beam-physics-operation-beam-diagnostics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/603">Beam Physics & Beam Diagnostics</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/cryogenics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/604">Cryogenics</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/vacuum" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/247984">Vacuum</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/radio-frequency-systems" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/605">Radio Frequency Systems</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/acceleratorteststands" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/247985">Accelerator Test Stands</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/target" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/587">Target</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Target sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/target/how-it-works" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/632">How the Target works</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/controls" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/590">Controls</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/building-ess" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10">Building ESS</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/building-project" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365">The Building Project</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle The Building Project sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/building-project/site-architecture-energy" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/366">Site, Architecture & Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/building-project/licensing-planning" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/367">Licensing & Planning</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/building-project/radiation-protection-safety" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/368">Radiation Protection & Safety</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/site-weekly-updates" data-drupal-link-system-path="site-weekly-updates/2023">Progress reports from the ESS site</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/aerial" data-drupal-link-system-path="aerial">Aerial Views</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/partnerships" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9">Partnerships</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/in-kind-contributions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/374">In-Kind Contributions</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/doing-business-ess" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/347">Doing business with ESS</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Doing business with ESS sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/supplierinformation" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248056">Supplier Information</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/procurement/listings" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/390">Procurement Listings</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/procurement/contract-award-notices" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/391">Contract Award Notices</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/grants" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/397">Grants</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/careers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18">Careers</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/careers/vacancies" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19">Vacancies</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/living-working-scandinavia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/332">Living & Working in Scandinavia</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Living & Working in Scandinavia sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/living-working-scandinavia/sweden" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/333">In Sweden</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/living-working-scandinavia/denmark" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/334">In Denmark</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/careers/family-support" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/302">ESS Family Support</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </section> <div class="site-container"> <header role="banner" class="site-header"> <div class="site-header__behind" data-behind-ess> <nav class="site-header__behind-list"> <a href="https://mail.esss.lu.se/owa/auth/logon.aspx?replaceCurrent=1&url=https%3a%2f%2fmail.esss.lu.se%2fowa%2f" class="site-header__behind-link"> <i class="icon icon--email"></i> <div class="site-header__behind-title">Webmail</div> </a> <a href="https://confluence.esss.lu.se/login.action" class="site-header__behind-link"> <i class="icon icon--inside"></i> <div class="site-header__behind-title">ESS Inside</div> </a> </nav> </div> <div id="block-mobile-menu" class="mobile-menu"> <nav id="block-main-navigation-mobile" class="mobile-nav"> <ul class="mobile-nav__items"> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/about" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">About ESS</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle About ESS sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="About ESS sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/ess-mandate">The ESS Mandate</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/ess-organisation">ESS Organisation</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/news-press">News & Press</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/publications">Publications</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/legal-ip">Legal</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/contact">Contact ESS</a> </nav> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item mobile-nav__item--current mobile-nav__item--active"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/science-instruments" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6">Science & Instruments</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Science & Instruments sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="Science & Instruments sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/science-using-neutrons">Science Using Neutrons</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/instruments">Instruments</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/data-management-software-centre">Data Management & Software Centre</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/labs-and-sample-environment">Labs and Sample Environment</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/node/248070">Committees</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/science-support-systems/forusers">For Users</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/ESSscientists">ESS Scientists</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/ScienceEvents">Science Events</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/sciencehighlights">Highlights of Published Papers</a> </nav> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/technology" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7">Technology</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Technology sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="Technology sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/accelerator">Accelerator</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/target">Target</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/controls">Controls</a> </nav> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/building-ess" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10">Building ESS</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Building ESS sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="Building ESS sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/building-project">The Building Project</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/site-weekly-updates">Progress reports from the ESS site</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/aerial">Aerial Views</a> </nav> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/partnerships" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9">Partnerships</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Partnerships sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="Partnerships sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/in-kind-contributions">In-Kind Contributions</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/doing-business-ess">Doing business with ESS</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/grants">Grants</a> </nav> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/careers" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18">Careers</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Careers sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="Careers sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/careers/vacancies">Vacancies</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/living-working-scandinavia">Living & Working in Scandinavia</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/careers/family-support">ESS Family Support</a> </nav> </li></ul> </nav> </div> <div id="block-header-top" class="site-header__top"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-secondary-navigation-menu" id="block-secondary-navigation" class="site-header__top-nav"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-secondary-navigation-menu">Secondary navigation</h2> <ul class="navigation"> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="https://publications.ess.eu/" title="ESS Publications Portal" class="navigation__link">Publications Portal</a> </li> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="/contact" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/346">Contact</a> </li> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="/news-press" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/339">Press</a> </li> <li class="navigation__item"> <a class="navigation__link" target="_blank" data-behind-ess-toggler> <i class="icon icon--arrow-down-small"></i>Behind ESS</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div id="block-header-main" class="site-header__main"> <div class="site-header__main__inner"> <div id="block-site-branding" class="site-header__logo"> <a href="/" title="Home" rel="home"> <img src="/themes/custom/ess/logo.svg" alt="Home" /> </a> </div> <nav class="site-header__main-menu" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-main-navigation-menu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-main-navigation-menu">Main navigation</h2> <ul class="navigation navigation--main-menu"> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/about" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">About ESS</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/ess-mandate"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/long%20pulse%20performance_550_0.png?h=633228d6&itok=X8zqIpM_" width="90" height="90" alt="ess long pulse slide" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">The ESS Mandate</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/ess-organisation"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/2017-09/organisation.jpg?itok=7wkglOG2" width="90" height="90" alt="organisation" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">ESS Organisation</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/news-press"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/_MG_3333.jpg?h=e3678651&itok=whQzNdZU" width="90" height="90" alt="News and Press" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">News & Press</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/publications"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2018-07/waterDreamPromo_300ppi.jpg?h=9003c45f&itok=4h5uSAbr" width="90" height="90" alt="alt" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Publications</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/legal-ip"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/2017-12/legalDoc_220.png?itok=hmVl8eiY" width="90" height="64" alt="legal and ip" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Legal</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/contact"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/ESS_Logo_Frugal_White-on-blue_cmyk_External%20Use.jpg?h=a53c1963&itok=Aw6xfKL4" width="90" height="90" alt="contact ess " loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Contact ESS</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/science-instruments" class="navigation__link navigation__link--current" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6">Science & Instruments</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/science-using-neutrons"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-08/MakowskaJParc_1200.jpg?h=293adc18&itok=5hB199v8" width="90" height="90" alt="Science using neutrons" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Science Using Neutrons</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/instruments"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-07/instruments_blue_1200.png?h=b2a212ad&itok=JzaQVGuf" width="90" height="90" alt="instruments" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Instruments</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/data-management-software-centre"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/dmsc%20chevron%20banner_1400.png?h=66b05cb6&itok=L_wKTjh7" width="90" height="90" alt="dmsc" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Data Management & Software Centre</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/labs-and-sample-environment"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/Magnet_4.jpg?h=00e18867&itok=zKHA4a7j" width="90" height="90" alt="sss magnet" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Labs and Sample Environment</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/node/248070"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2021-12/IKON17_formation%20sign_Full%20external%20view%20-%20May%20be%20used%20freely%20in%20alla%20available%20channels.%20.jpg?itok=Ncd8qJ-n" width="90" height="60" alt="Inauguration" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Committees</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/science-support-systems/forusers"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2023-12/E04%20lab%20people%20Katrin.JPG?itok=QAtE_ZzV" width="90" height="53" alt="Lab Kat" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">For Users</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/ESSscientists"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2021-09/3792558.jpg?itok=8Strvvz3" width="90" height="60" alt="Scientist at work" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">ESS Scientists</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/ScienceEvents"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2024-02/diffraction.png?itok=yLNb-GsF" width="90" height="49" alt="diffraction" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Science Events</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/sciencehighlights"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2024-10/Science%20papers%20%282%29.jpeg?itok=zZguiNS8" width="90" height="44" alt="Science papers image" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Highlights of Published Papers</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/technology" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7">Technology</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/accelerator"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/acc_banner_1000.png?h=cb801f2f&itok=EC37vyla" width="90" height="90" alt="ess accelerator" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Accelerator</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/target"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/target6_Internal%20Use_External%20View.png?h=ff15ea50&itok=XO28MPl3" width="90" height="90" alt="target monolith" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Target</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/controls"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2018-09/Screen%20Shot%202018-09-13%20at%2017.05.48.png?h=a10cddb0&itok=X1_iSQnJ" width="90" height="90" alt="ess ics" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Controls</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/building-ess" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10">Building ESS</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/building-project"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/A02-40_level100_drawing_1200.png?h=53a98cd7&itok=F9Us25Lr" width="90" height="90" alt="Building project" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">The Building Project</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/site-weekly-updates"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/2018-07/P1140318_Internal%20use%20_%20for%20web%20and%20print.jpg?h=c7bfd0d4&itok=9lwg-gR4" width="90" height="90" alt="weekly construction updates" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Progress reports from the ESS site</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/aerial"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/18012016-193-1_Internal%20Use_External%20View.jpg?h=0273d20e&itok=2p1nefxU" width="90" height="90" alt="ess aerial snow" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Aerial Views</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/partnerships" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9">Partnerships</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/in-kind-contributions"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/tartu2.png?h=9195438e&itok=L3Hm0xYi" width="90" height="90" alt="tartu pump probe" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">In-Kind Contributions</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/doing-business-ess"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/P1090741_Internal%20Use%20Only.jpg?h=4e9d5992&itok=PgyVtvfk" width="90" height="90" alt="procurement" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Doing business with ESS</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/grants"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/20131004_Partner%20and%20Industry%20Day%209.jpg?h=d142f1ab&itok=OjUzVEZE" width="90" height="90" alt="partner day" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Grants</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/careers" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18">Careers</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/careers/vacancies"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/staffMontage_1919.jpg?h=ef1077af&itok=wBEDJhQO" width="90" height="90" alt="careers" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Vacancies</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/living-working-scandinavia"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/bridge_blue_2000.jpg?h=0d105c19&itok=auzcJxmP" width="90" height="90" alt="scandinavia" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Living & Working in Scandinavia</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/careers/family-support"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/15062017-276-48-RE_Internal%20Use_External%20View.jpg?h=001871cd&itok=Ry_F7Xe2" width="90" height="90" alt="family" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">ESS Family Support</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <button class="button-icon" mobile-menu-toggler> <i class="icon icon--burger" mobile-menu-open-icon></i> <i class="icon icon--close" style="display: none;" mobile-menu-close-icon></i> </button> <div class="site-header__search"> <button class="sitemap-toggler"><i class="icon icon--search"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="site-messages"><div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <main class="site-content" role="main"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div id="block-content"> <div class="node node--type-instrument node--view-mode-full"> <div class="instrument"> <header class="instrument__header container"> <div class="instrument__header-row row"> <nav class="breadcrumbs" role="navigation" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <a class="breadcrumb__item" href="/">Home</a> <a class="breadcrumb__item" href="/science-instruments">Science & Instruments</a> <a class="breadcrumb__item" href="/instruments">Instruments</a> <a class="breadcrumb__item breadcrumb__item--current breadcrumb__item--disabled">BIFROST</a> </nav> <div class="instrument__dropdowns"><div class="dropdown"> <button class="button button--dropdown dropdown-toggle" id="instrument-dropdown" data-toggle="dropdown">Select instrument</button> <div class="dropdown-menu"> <a href="/instruments/beer" class="dropdown-item">BEER</a> <a href="/instruments/bifrost" class="dropdown-item">BIFROST</a> <a href="/instruments/cspec" class="dropdown-item">CSPEC</a> <a href="/instruments/dream" class="dropdown-item">DREAM</a> <a href="/instruments/estia" class="dropdown-item">ESTIA</a> <a href="/instruments/freia" class="dropdown-item">FREIA</a> <a href="/instruments/heimdal" class="dropdown-item">HEIMDAL</a> <a href="/instruments/loki" class="dropdown-item">LoKI</a> <a href="/instruments/magic" class="dropdown-item">MAGiC</a> <a href="/instruments/miracles" class="dropdown-item">MIRACLES</a> <a href="/instruments/nmx" class="dropdown-item">NMX</a> <a href="/instruments/odin" class="dropdown-item">ODIN</a> <a href="/instruments/skadi" class="dropdown-item">SKADI</a> <a href="/instruments/t-rex" class="dropdown-item">T-REX</a> <a href="/instruments/vespa" class="dropdown-item">VESPA</a> </div> </div> <div class="dropdown"> <button class="button button--dropdown dropdown-toggle" id="instrument-dropdown" data-toggle="dropdown">Science Focus Areas</button> <div class="dropdown-menu"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/chemistry-materials-magnetic-electronic-phenomena" class="dropdown-item" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/25">Chemistry of Materials, Magnetic & Electronic Phenomena</a> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/engineering-materials-geosciences-archeology-heritage-conservation" class="dropdown-item" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/41">Engineering Materials, Geosciences, Archeology & Heritage Conservation and Fast Neutron Applications</a> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/life-science-soft-condensed-matter" class="dropdown-item" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40">Life Science & Soft Condensed Matter</a> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/particle-physics" class="dropdown-item" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300">Particle Physics</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="instrument__header-wrapper col-12"> <div class="instrument__header-left"> <h1>BIFROST</h1> <h3>Extreme Environment Spectrometer</h3> <div><p>BIFROST will explore the intricate physics of magnetism and superconductivity, with applications in the IT and energy materials of tomorrow. It will also be used in geoscience and functional materials. It will do this with neutron spectroscopy, the main tool for investigating low-energy dispersive dynamics in single crystals.</p> <p>Cold neutron spectroscopy is the only tool in existence for probing such dynamics in the 0-40 meV range. Due to the intrinsically low signal-to-noise in neutron spectroscopy, it remains a flux-limited technique, requiring large sample mass for feasibility. However, many species of materials are only grown with techniques that intrinsically yield small crystals in the milligram range, like for instance flux growth techniques or electrocrystallization.</p> <p>Low temperature dynamics in many of these systems are currently unobservable for this reason alone. In addition, some of the most interesting crystalline systems currently under investigation have inherently weak signals. Neutron spectroscopy today suffers from the partitioned choice between the low flux/large coverage capabilities of ToF spectrometers and the high flux/low coverage capabilities of triple axis spectrometers. These choices are united in the BIFROST spectrometer while increasing flux on the sample by an order of magnitude compared to the best options today.</p> <p>This allows for BIFROST to function both as a workhorse instrument and as a first feasible option to study low energy dispersive dynamics when small single crystals start to become available of the materials to be discovered in the future—a clear competitive advantage for the ESS. Finally, BIFROST will be an excellent choice for extreme sample environment, as the indirect geometry serves to suppress spurious signals from sample-environment scattering.</p> <p>Combined with the high flux, BIFROST can open up a plethora of new science cases—especially under high pressure, where sample sizes are invariably small.</p> </div> <div class="instrument__header-info"> <div class="instrument__info-item"> <h4 class="instrument__info-label">Instrument Class</h4> <div class="instrument__info-divider"></div> <div class="instrument__info-body">Spectroscopy</div> </div> <div class="instrument__info-item"> <h4 class="instrument__info-label">Beam Port</h4> <div class="instrument__info-divider"></div> <div class="instrument__info-body">W4</div> </div> <div class="instrument__info-item"> <h4 class="instrument__info-label">Lead Scientist</h4> <div class="instrument__info-divider"></div> <div class="instrument__info-body"><a href="https://europeanspallationsource.se/profile/rasmus-toft-petersen">Rasmus Toft-Petersen</a></div> </div> <div class="instrument__info-item"> <h4 class="instrument__info-label">Lead Engineer</h4> <div class="instrument__info-divider"></div> <div class="instrument__info-body">Liam Whitelegg</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="instrument__header-right"> <div class="instrument__map"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/images/instruments/2023-12/bifrost%20copy.svg" alt="bifrost instrument partners" loading="lazy" /> <div class="partners"> <div class="partner-grid__item"> <a class="partner-grid__aligner"> <img class="image" class="partner-grid__image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/logo/public/images/partner-logo/2017-09/dtu.png?itok=ohOMnzRp" width="94" height="139" alt="dtu" loading="lazy" /> </a> </div> <div class="partner-grid__item"> <a class="partner-grid__aligner"> <img class="image" class="partner-grid__image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/logo/public/images/partner-logo/2017-09/KU%20logo_0.gif?itok=BFDm6bdW" width="63" height="69" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </a> </div> <div class="partner-grid__item"> <a class="partner-grid__aligner"> <img class="image" class="partner-grid__image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/logo/public/images/partner-logo/2017-09/NBI_KU%20logo_0.gif?itok=yXzBstKo" width="65" height="87" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </a> </div> <div class="partner-grid__item"> <a class="partner-grid__aligner"> <img class="image" class="partner-grid__image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/logo/public/images/partner-logo/2017-09/ife-logo.png?itok=27caiW-W" width="440" height="182" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </a> </div> <div class="partner-grid__item"> <a class="partner-grid__aligner"> <img class="image" class="partner-grid__image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/logo/public/images/partner-logo/2017-09/LogoLLB.jpg?itok=eQIZVETw" width="319" height="320" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </a> </div> <div class="partner-grid__item"> <a class="partner-grid__aligner"> <img class="image" class="partner-grid__image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/logo/public/images/partner-logo/2017-09/psi.png?itok=gYZlDZtL" width="169" height="61" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="instrument__content"> <div class="instrument__content-container container"> <div class="instrument__content-row row"> <div class="instrument__content-wrapper col-sm-12 col-md-10 offset-md-1"><div> <div class="tabs" id="tabs-instruments"> <ul class="tabs__nav"> <li class="tabs__nav-item"><a class="tabs__nav-link" href="#science-case"> Science Case </a></li> <li class="tabs__nav-item"><a class="tabs__nav-link" href="#instrument-description"> Instrument Description </a></li> <li class="tabs__nav-item"><a class="tabs__nav-link" href="#instrument-team"> Instrument Team </a></li> </ul> <div class="tabs__pane" id="science-case"> <p class="lead">The science scope of BIFROST contains, but is not limited to, the following cases: </p> <hr /><p><strong>Excitations in unconventional superconductors: </strong>Weak spin fluctuations in the high-T<sub>C </sub>cuprates, nesting vectors in pnictides, excitations in heavy fermion superconductors. Suffering from intrinsic weak cross sections, they will benefit greatly from BIFROST flux.</p> <hr /> <div data-embed-button="block_create" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:block_content.full" data-entity-type="block_content" data-entity-uuid="2232ef68-32bd-4b1f-ace2-a5693c0fb29f" class="align-right embedded-entity embedded-block-content embedded-block-content-call-to-action embedded-block-content-call-to-action--full" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]"> <div class="call-to-action call-to-action--"> <p>Read about future science </p> <a href="https://europeanspallationsource.se/publications/future-science/better-superconducters-improve-cancer-diagnosis" class="button button--primary">Better Superconductors to Improve Cancer Diagnosis</a> </div> </div> <p><strong>Excitations in frustrated magnets.</strong> Many frustrated magnets have reduced moments and/or intrinsic disorder like spin liquids, resulting in weak signals. Some frustrated magnets cannot form large single crystals using known techniques. BIFROST will greatly impact this important field of magnetism.</p> <hr /><p><strong>Low dimensional magnets/quantum magnets</strong> are systems with the main dispersive features residing in a single scattering plane, and which is usually investigated in applied fields and/or pressure. BIFROST is an ideal tool for these problems.</p> <hr /><p><strong>Strongly correlated electron systems </strong>exhibiting for instance charge order and spin density waves, often suffer from weak scattering cross sections. Flux is paramount to investigate these materials with neutron spectroscopy.</p> <hr /><p><strong>The study of materials under extreme pressure in geoscience</strong> becomes possible at BIFROST. With the high flux, elegant screening of background from sample environment close to the sample and the good elastic resolution, BIFROST can study quasielastic dynamics in the GPa pressure range.</p> <hr /><p><strong>Functional materials</strong> will also benefit from BIFROST. Many multiferroic materials of interest have many different phases and the fast aquisition rate of BIFROST makes it ideal for parametric studies.</p> </div> <div class="tabs__pane" id="instrument-description"> <div data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.panoramic_standard" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="9048e769-c031-45e1-8fad-7991f94d1f3b" class="align-center embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--panoramic-standard" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]"> <div class="media media-image media-image--panoramic-standard"> <div class="media__content"> <picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/panoramic_standard/public/images/media/2020-10/ESS_BIFROST_drawing_neg_Internal%20use%20_%20for%20web%20and%20print.png?itok=9VE7bK1m 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="1840" height="700"></source><img class="image" loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/panoramic_standard/public/images/media/2020-10/ESS_BIFROST_drawing_neg_Internal%20use%20_%20for%20web%20and%20print.png?itok=9VE7bK1m" width="1840" height="700" alt="Schematic drawing of ESS BIFROST instrument. " /></picture></div> <footer class="media__footer"><div class="caption"><p>Schematic drawing of ESS BIFROST instrument. </p> </div> </footer></div> </div> <p class="lead">BIFROST is situated in the long sector using the W4 beam port. An elliptical guide section (the feeder) is inserted into the monolith, to take in the appropriate phase space and tailor it to the so-called Pulse Shaping Chopper (PSC) 6.5 m from the cold source.</p> <div data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.panoramic_standard" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="e09319d1-86d1-4c0a-ae6b-eaf2f6fd999e" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--panoramic-standard"> <div class="media media-image media-image--panoramic-standard"> <div class="media__content"> <a href="/sites/default/files/images/media/2017-09/Bifrost Outline_New.png"> <picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/panoramic_standard/public/images/media/2017-09/Bifrost%20Outline_New.png?itok=NrAOD6Ge 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="1840" height="1091"></source><img class="image" loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/panoramic_standard/public/images/media/2017-09/Bifrost%20Outline_New.png?itok=NrAOD6Ge" width="1840" height="1091" alt="bifrost layout" /></picture></a> </div> <footer class="media__footer"><div class="caption"><p>Instrument layout, from the cold source in the monolith to the beamstop 166, downstream. The sample position is positioned 162 m from the cold source.</p> </div> </footer></div> </div> <div data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.landscape_33" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="b74c0383-cbaa-44cf-82b3-9b272b87f5c1" class="align-right embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--landscape-33" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]"> <div class="media media-image media-image--landscape-33"> <div class="media__content"> <a href="/sites/default/files/images/media/2017-09/Bifrost Choppers.png"> <picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape/public/images/media/2017-09/Bifrost%20Choppers.png?itok=ZPnULcv5 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="880" height="834"></source><img class="image" loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape/public/images/media/2017-09/Bifrost%20Choppers.png?itok=ZPnULcv5" width="880" height="834" alt="bifrost choppers" /></picture></a> </div> <footer class="media__footer"><div class="caption"><p>(Top) Principle of the primary spectrometer of BIFROST. The PSC determines the ToF resolution, while the BW-chopper ensures non-overlapping frames. (Bottom) Example of a calculated ToF diagram. The system ensures a ToF resolution between 0.1 and 2.8 ms, while avoiding frame overlap of any kind.</p> </div> </footer></div> </div> <p>The PSC is a face-to-face double-disc chopper, with a maximum angular frequency of 210 Hz – capable of reducing the pulse duration to less than 0.1 ms to improve the energy resolution of the primary spectrometer when needed. Further downstream a narrow curved guide with radius 1500 m, curves out of line-of-sight within the ESS long sector bunker. Two Frame Overlap Choppers (FOC’s) prevent contamination of slow neutrons from adjacent frames.</p> <p>After the bunker, the beam is expanded into a straight m = 1 guide section with a large cross section. At 80 m, a bandwidth chopper prevents frame overlap at the sample position, where a polychromatic 1.7 Å beam will take up the 71 ms interval between frames and ensure continuous flux on the sample. An evacuated get-lost tube transports the sample to the beam stop while minimizing background.</p> <p>The secondary spectrometer consists of an evacuated tank, consisting of 9 Q-channels. Each Q-channel contains 6 analyser/detector setups with final energies ranging from 2.7 to 5.0 meV, each equipped with a set of 3 1D detector tubes to employ the prismatic analyser concept. The spectrometer tank can cover a 90 degree scattering angle in two settings, and reach a scattering angle interval of 10-130 degrees. An example of the data format can be seen on figure <a href="/instrument/bifrost#science-case">here</a>.</p> <div data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.landscape_large" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="c1c80f10-222d-47fa-a6fc-b4fb7871c8f3" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--landscape-large"> <div class="media media-image media-image--landscape-large"> <div class="media__content"> <a href="/sites/default/files/images/media/2017-09/Bifrost PrismaticProper_0.png"> <picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape/public/images/media/2017-09/Bifrost%20PrismaticProper_0.png?itok=8Edc5LjV 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="880" height="308"></source><img class="image" loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape/public/images/media/2017-09/Bifrost%20PrismaticProper_0.png?itok=8Edc5LjV" width="880" height="308" alt="bifrost prismatic proper" /></picture></a> </div> <footer class="media__footer"><div class="caption"><p>(Left) Principle of the prismatic analyzer concept. Distance collimation allows a position sensitive detector to utilize the rather broad HOPG mosaicity uniquely identify scattering at distinct energies from the spectrum of scattered neutrons. (Right) Simulation of the prismatic analyzer concept where three energies are clearly separable, offering improved energy resolution when needed.</p> </div> </footer></div> </div> <p class="lead">Sample Environment</p> <p>BIFROST is designed for extreme sample environment such as magnetic fields above 14 T, temperatures down to 50 mK and pressures above 3 GPa.</p> <div data-embed-button="block_browse" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:block_content.full" data-entity-type="block_content" data-entity-uuid="9152acbf-487f-4b8c-a0ef-4fa08b930ec3" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-block-content embedded-block-content-puff embedded-block-content-puff--full"><div class="puff-grid"><div class="puff-grid-small"> <div class="card card--push"> <div class="card__block"> <h3 class="card__title"><a href="/science-support-systems/premp"> <span>Sample Environment Systems for High Pressure and Mechanical Processing (PREMP)</span> </a></h3> <p class="card__text">Many scientific disciplines require the application of very high and uniform pressure on the sample during the neutron-scattering experiment.</p> <a class="button-link button-link--primary" href="/science-support-systems/premp"> Read More </a> </div> </div> <div class="card card--push"> <div class="card__block"> <h3 class="card__title"><a href="/science-support-systems/tefi"> <span>Sample Environment Systems for Temperature and Fields (TEFI)</span> </a></h3> <p class="card__text">Temperatures close to absolute zero, or magnetic fields hundreds of thousands of times larger than the earth's field are often required for experiments using neutrons.</p> <a class="button-link button-link--primary" href="/science-support-systems/tefi"> Read More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="references"><strong>Publications</strong><br /><br /> Andersen, K. H.<em> </em><em>et al.</em> The instrument suite of the European Spallation Source. <em>Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section a-Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment</em> <strong>957</strong>, 39, doi:10.1016/j.nima.2020.163402 (2020).<br /><br /> Prismatic analyser concept: Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 85, No. 11, 113908, 01.11.2014</div> </div> <div class="tabs__pane" id="instrument-team"> <p><strong>Lead Scientist</strong><br /> Rasmus Toft-Petersen, Technical University of Denmark (DTU)</p> <p><strong>Lead Engineer</strong><br /> Liam Whitelegg, Technical University of Denmark (DTU)</p> <p><strong>Engineers</strong><br /> Finn Saxild, Technical University of Denmark (DTU)<br /> Keld Theodor, Copenhagen University (KU)<br /> Sylvain Rodrigues, Laboratoire Leon Brillouin (LLB)</p> <p><strong>Scientists</strong><br /> Niels Bech Christensen, Technical University of Denmark (DTU)<br /> Kim Lefmann, Copenhagen University (KU)<br /> Jonas Okkels Birk, Copenhagen University (KU)<br /> Rodion Kolevatov, Institute for Energy Technology, Norway (IFE)<br /> Isabel Llamas, Institute for Energy Technology, Norway (IFE)<br /> Bjørn Christian Hauback, Institute for Energy Technology, Norway (IFE)<br /> Philippe Bourges, Laboratoire Leon Brillouin (LLB)<br /> Christof Niedermayer, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI)<br /> Felix Groitl, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI)</p> <p><strong>Main Proposer</strong><br /> Henrik Ronnow (EPFL)</p> <p><strong>Consultant</strong><br /> Marko Marton (Wigner)</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="relevant-links"> <div class="relevant-links--instrument"> <h2>Relevant links</h2> <div class="relevant-links--items"> <div class="relevant-links--item"><a href="https://ess-public-legacy.esss.se/sites/default/files/camea_proposal_0.pdf">CAMEA Proposal 2013 (BIFROST prototype) </a></div> <div class="relevant-links--item"><a href="/page/science-and-instruments/chemistry-materials-magnetic-electronic-phenomena">Chemistry of Materials, Magnetic & Electronic Phenomena at ESS</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="instrument__footer"> <div class="instrument__footer-wrapper container"><section class="views-element-container instrument__related-articles-wrapper"> <h2>Instrument Feature Stories</h2> <div> <div class="instrument__slider-arrow instrument__slider-arrow--left"><i class="icon icon--arrow-right"></i></div> <div class="js-view-dom-id-92a4a988e78a1607996a22152c3677e3e12b388b90dbd82acdc06834389415ba"> <div class="instrument__related-articles owl-carousel"> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2024/01/17/ess-hosts-instrument-consortium-executive-board-meeting" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2024-01/ICEB%20group%20photo%20iceberg.JPG?itok=OKAEo6IR 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2024-01/ICEB%20group%20photo%20iceberg.JPG?itok=OKAEo6IR" width="640" height="460" alt="ICEB group photo" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2024/01/17/ess-hosts-instrument-consortium-executive-board-meeting" rel="bookmark"> ESS Hosts Instrument Consortium Executive Board Meeting </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2024-01-17">Jan 17, 2024</time><a href="/article/2024/01/17/ess-hosts-instrument-consortium-executive-board-meeting" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2023/09/08/plug-and-play-integration-sample-environment-equipment-successfully-demonstrated" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2023-09/YMIR%20PnP%20group%20photo-2.JPG?itok=oYb8BOLS 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2023-09/YMIR%20PnP%20group%20photo-2.JPG?itok=oYb8BOLS" width="640" height="460" alt="YMIR team pic" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2023/09/08/plug-and-play-integration-sample-environment-equipment-successfully-demonstrated" rel="bookmark"> "Plug and Play" Integration of Sample Environment Equipment Successfully Demonstrated </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2023-09-08">Sep 08, 2023</time><a href="/article/2023/09/08/plug-and-play-integration-sample-environment-equipment-successfully-demonstrated" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2023/08/31/first-neutron-detectors-arrive-ess" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2023-08/D03%20LOKI%20Detector%20team-2.JPG?itok=tM0VAG3N 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2023-08/D03%20LOKI%20Detector%20team-2.JPG?itok=tM0VAG3N" width="640" height="460" alt="Detector Group" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2023/08/31/first-neutron-detectors-arrive-ess" rel="bookmark"> First Neutron Detectors Arrive at ESS </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2023-08-31">Aug 31, 2023</time><a href="/article/2023/08/31/first-neutron-detectors-arrive-ess" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2023/06/02/understanding-programmed-cell-death-crucial-bodys-prevention-cancer" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2023-06/Hanna%20Wracklin%20and%20ISIS%20Bax_GG%20Fig%202.png?itok=LibvvSUF 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2023-06/Hanna%20Wracklin%20and%20ISIS%20Bax_GG%20Fig%202.png?itok=LibvvSUF" width="640" height="460" alt="Hanna Wracklin fig 1" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2023/06/02/understanding-programmed-cell-death-crucial-bodys-prevention-cancer" rel="bookmark"> Understanding programmed cell death – crucial to the body’s prevention of cancer </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2023-06-02">Jun 02, 2023</time><a href="/article/2023/06/02/understanding-programmed-cell-death-crucial-bodys-prevention-cancer" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2021/10/06/joint-ess-max-iv-science-talks-continue-2021" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2021-10/5102595.jpg?itok=rg_s-LQV 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2021-10/5102595.jpg?itok=rg_s-LQV" width="640" height="460" alt="Science-themed illustration" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2021/10/06/joint-ess-max-iv-science-talks-continue-2021" rel="bookmark"> Joint ESS - MAX IV Science Talks continue in 2021 </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2021-10-06">Oct 06, 2021</time><a href="/article/2021/10/06/joint-ess-max-iv-science-talks-continue-2021" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2021/03/02/ikon-forum-ess-neutron-scattering-systems-convenes-20th-session" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2021-02/ESS%20Zoom%20background%20campus%201_Full%20internal%20use%20_%20for%20all%20internal%20channels.png?itok=xLjo66cs 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2021-02/ESS%20Zoom%20background%20campus%201_Full%20internal%20use%20_%20for%20all%20internal%20channels.png?itok=xLjo66cs" width="640" height="460" alt="Aerial view of ESS with ESS campus in foreground" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2021/03/02/ikon-forum-ess-neutron-scattering-systems-convenes-20th-session" rel="bookmark"> IKON forum for ESS neutron scattering systems convenes for 20th session </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2021-03-02">Mar 02, 2021</time><a href="/article/2021/03/02/ikon-forum-ess-neutron-scattering-systems-convenes-20th-session" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2020/10/05/webinars-showcase-vast-potential-ess-neutron-methods" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-10/3205.jpg?itok=JdABb_ID 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-10/3205.jpg?itok=JdABb_ID" width="640" height="460" alt="Electronics engineer at work" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2020/10/05/webinars-showcase-vast-potential-ess-neutron-methods" rel="bookmark"> Webinars to showcase the vast potential of ESS Neutron Methods </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2020-10-05">Oct 05, 2020</time><a href="/article/2020/10/05/webinars-showcase-vast-potential-ess-neutron-methods" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2020/09/23/more-770-neutron-researchers-meet-virtually-discuss-scientific-breakthroughs" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-09/ESS-ILL-sites.jpg?itok=0gJH7D0j 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-09/ESS-ILL-sites.jpg?itok=0gJH7D0j" width="640" height="460" alt="ESS-ILL" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2020/09/23/more-770-neutron-researchers-meet-virtually-discuss-scientific-breakthroughs" rel="bookmark"> More than 770 neutron researchers meet virtually to discuss scientific breakthroughs </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2020-09-23">Sep 23, 2020</time><a href="/article/2020/09/23/more-770-neutron-researchers-meet-virtually-discuss-scientific-breakthroughs" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2020/08/21/ess-data-scientist-helps-shed-light-assembly-mechanism-hepatitis-b-virus" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-08/hbv_pathway.jpg?itok=cBuzjSlb 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-08/hbv_pathway.jpg?itok=cBuzjSlb" width="640" height="460" alt="HBV Pathways" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2020/08/21/ess-data-scientist-helps-shed-light-assembly-mechanism-hepatitis-b-virus" rel="bookmark"> ESS Data Scientist helps shed light on assembly mechanism of hepatitis B virus </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2020-08-21">Aug 21, 2020</time><a href="/article/2020/08/21/ess-data-scientist-helps-shed-light-assembly-mechanism-hepatitis-b-virus" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2020/08/20/ess-ill-user-meeting-goes-virtual" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-08/EbMadeMXsAUJ4_D.jpeg?h=ffffb78d&itok=tVU_IyFM 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-08/EbMadeMXsAUJ4_D.jpeg?h=ffffb78d&itok=tVU_IyFM" width="640" height="460" alt="ESS - ILL User Meeting" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2020/08/20/ess-ill-user-meeting-goes-virtual" rel="bookmark"> ESS - ILL User Meeting Goes Virtual </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2020-08-20">Aug 20, 2020</time><a href="/article/2020/08/20/ess-ill-user-meeting-goes-virtual" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2020/07/13/analytical-research-infrastructures-key-resource-addressing-societal-challenges" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-07/Image%202020-07-13%20at%2012.40.jpg?itok=4aJ7Z1VJ 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-07/Image%202020-07-13%20at%2012.40.jpg?itok=4aJ7Z1VJ" width="640" height="460" alt="ARIEs at a glance" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2020/07/13/analytical-research-infrastructures-key-resource-addressing-societal-challenges" rel="bookmark"> Analytical Research Infrastructures a key resource for addressing societal challenges </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2020-07-13">Jul 13, 2020</time><a href="/article/2020/07/13/analytical-research-infrastructures-key-resource-addressing-societal-challenges" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2020/07/03/collaborations-industry-brighter-future" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-07/Tetra%20Pak.jpg?itok=B2KQS2gI 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-07/Tetra%20Pak.jpg?itok=B2KQS2gI" width="640" height="460" alt="Tetra Pak" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2020/07/03/collaborations-industry-brighter-future" rel="bookmark"> Collaborations with Industry for a Brighter Future </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2020-07-03">Jul 03, 2020</time><a href="/article/2020/07/03/collaborations-industry-brighter-future" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2020/07/03/playing-instrumental-role" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-07/Ken%20Andersen_29102019-377-59-RE_External%20Use.jpg?itok=BjKZXs25 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-07/Ken%20Andersen_29102019-377-59-RE_External%20Use.jpg?itok=BjKZXs25" width="640" height="460" alt="Ken A" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2020/07/03/playing-instrumental-role" rel="bookmark"> Playing an Instrumental Role </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2020-07-03">Jul 03, 2020</time><a href="/article/2020/07/03/playing-instrumental-role" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2020/06/02/smart-microgels-structure-properties-potential-applications" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-05/Colloquium-microgels-ThomasHellweg%20copy.png?itok=Z5OUta82 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-05/Colloquium-microgels-ThomasHellweg%20copy.png?itok=Z5OUta82" width="640" height="460" alt="ThomasHellweg-ScienceColloquium-SmartMicrogels" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2020/06/02/smart-microgels-structure-properties-potential-applications" rel="bookmark"> Smart microgels: Structure, properties & potential applications </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2020-06-02">Jun 02, 2020</time><a href="/article/2020/06/02/smart-microgels-structure-properties-potential-applications" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2020/05/08/welcome-joint-ess-max-iv-science-colloquium-webcast-may-13-smart-microgels" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-05/Colloquium-microgels-ThomasHellweg%20copy.png?itok=Z5OUta82 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-05/Colloquium-microgels-ThomasHellweg%20copy.png?itok=Z5OUta82" width="640" height="460" alt="ThomasHellweg-ScienceColloquium-SmartMicrogels" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2020/05/08/welcome-joint-ess-max-iv-science-colloquium-webcast-may-13-smart-microgels" rel="bookmark"> Welcome to the Joint ESS – MAX IV Science Colloquium Webcast on May 13 – 'Smart microgels: Structure, properties & potential applications' </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2020-05-08">May 08, 2020</time><a href="/article/2020/05/08/welcome-joint-ess-max-iv-science-colloquium-webcast-may-13-smart-microgels" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2020/02/28/milestone-publication-lays-out-ess-instrument-suite" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-02/ESS_image_Internal%20use%20_%20for%20web%20and%20print_0.jpg?itok=3CCpo49y 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-02/ESS_image_Internal%20use%20_%20for%20web%20and%20print_0.jpg?itok=3CCpo49y" width="640" height="460" alt="Neutron radiograph image of motorcycle engine" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2020/02/28/milestone-publication-lays-out-ess-instrument-suite" rel="bookmark"> Milestone publication lays out the ESS Instrument Suite </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2020-02-28">Feb 28, 2020</time><a href="/article/2020/02/28/milestone-publication-lays-out-ess-instrument-suite" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2020/02/19/ess-council-approves-kind-contributions-44m-euros" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-02/5L4A2989_External%20Use.jpg?itok=eZw9ai8Z 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-02/5L4A2989_External%20Use.jpg?itok=eZw9ai8Z" width="640" height="460" alt="ESS Target Building" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2020/02/19/ess-council-approves-kind-contributions-44m-euros" rel="bookmark"> ESS Council approves In-Kind Contributions for 44m Euros </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2020-02-19">Feb 19, 2020</time><a href="/article/2020/02/19/ess-council-approves-kind-contributions-44m-euros" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2020/02/18/lens-green-deal-position-paper-presented-european-commission" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-02/DSC_5074-scaled.jpg?itok=4wAL3KPS 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-02/DSC_5074-scaled.jpg?itok=4wAL3KPS" width="640" height="460" alt="LENS Colloquium Brussels 2020" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2020/02/18/lens-green-deal-position-paper-presented-european-commission" rel="bookmark"> LENS' Green Deal Position Paper presented to European Commission </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2020-02-18">Feb 18, 2020</time><a href="/article/2020/02/18/lens-green-deal-position-paper-presented-european-commission" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2020/01/22/first-staff-move-brand-new-lab-buildings" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-01/Vent%20demo-3.JPG?itok=Oeuq-MDv 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2020-01/Vent%20demo-3.JPG?itok=Oeuq-MDv" width="640" height="460" alt="First staff move into brand-new Laboratory Buildings" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2020/01/22/first-staff-move-brand-new-lab-buildings" rel="bookmark"> First staff move into brand-new Lab Buildings </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2020-01-22">Jan 22, 2020</time><a href="/article/2020/01/22/first-staff-move-brand-new-lab-buildings" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2019/12/09/better-batteries-rechargeable-world" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2019-12/_21A2140.jpg?itok=6tPvJWlm 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2019-12/_21A2140.jpg?itok=6tPvJWlm" width="640" height="460" alt="Photograph of Kristina Edström, Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at Uppsala University" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2019/12/09/better-batteries-rechargeable-world" rel="bookmark"> Better batteries for a rechargeable world </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2019-12-09">Dec 09, 2019</time><a href="/article/2019/12/09/better-batteries-rechargeable-world" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2019/10/21/new-neutron-imaging-approach-makes-headlines" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2019-10/PSI-fuel-cell.jpg?itok=V_UIyZPK 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2019-10/PSI-fuel-cell.jpg?itok=V_UIyZPK" width="640" height="460" alt="Victoria Manzi and Muriel Siegwart from PSI in Switzerland holding the test cell used in the experiment. Credit: Natasa Diklic, PSI" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2019/10/21/new-neutron-imaging-approach-makes-headlines" rel="bookmark"> New Neutron Imaging Approach Makes Headlines </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2019-10-21">Oct 21, 2019</time><a href="/article/2019/10/21/new-neutron-imaging-approach-makes-headlines" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2019/09/10/handover-long-instrument-hall" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2019-09/Long%20instrument%20hall.jpg?itok=MQb5Sddx 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2019-09/Long%20instrument%20hall.jpg?itok=MQb5Sddx" width="640" height="460" alt="instrument layout" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2019/09/10/handover-long-instrument-hall" rel="bookmark"> Handover of the Long Instrument Hall </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2019-09-10">Sep 10, 2019</time><a href="/article/2019/09/10/handover-long-instrument-hall" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2018/03/22/nmx-pinpoints-hydrogen-atoms-neutrons-unlocking-mechanisms-life" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2018-03/NMX%20Endstation_web.png?itok=Kurr5KcY 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2018-03/NMX%20Endstation_web.png?itok=Kurr5KcY" width="640" height="460" alt="End station of the NMX instrument" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2018/03/22/nmx-pinpoints-hydrogen-atoms-neutrons-unlocking-mechanisms-life" rel="bookmark"> NMX Pinpoints Hydrogen Atoms with Neutrons, Unlocking the Mechanisms of Life </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2018-03-22">Mar 22, 2018</time><a href="/article/2018/03/22/nmx-pinpoints-hydrogen-atoms-neutrons-unlocking-mechanisms-life" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/revealing-change-over-time-freia-brings-fast-kinetic-studies-reflectometry"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/legacy-articles/freia_3slitcollimationb_620h.jpg?itok=j-mcw78T 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/legacy-articles/freia_3slitcollimationb_620h.jpg?itok=j-mcw78T" width="640" height="460" alt="" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/revealing-change-over-time-freia-brings-fast-kinetic-studies-reflectometry" rel="bookmark"> Revealing Change Over Time, FREIA Brings Fast Kinetic Studies to Reflectometry </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2016-01-13">Jan 13, 2016</time><a href="/article/revealing-change-over-time-freia-brings-fast-kinetic-studies-reflectometry" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/bifrost-prismatic-approach-neutron-spectroscopy"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/legacy-articles/magnonsimulation_620d.png?itok=nQJ6RkoF 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/legacy-articles/magnonsimulation_620d.png?itok=nQJ6RkoF" width="640" height="460" alt="" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/bifrost-prismatic-approach-neutron-spectroscopy" rel="bookmark"> BIFROST: A Prismatic Approach to Neutron Spectroscopy </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2015-08-12">Aug 12, 2015</time><a href="/article/bifrost-prismatic-approach-neutron-spectroscopy" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/turn-flux-and-expect-unexpected-vor"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/legacy-articles/vorfluxrc_620b.png?itok=rhKIcCUv 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/legacy-articles/vorfluxrc_620b.png?itok=rhKIcCUv" width="640" height="460" alt="" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/turn-flux-and-expect-unexpected-vor" rel="bookmark"> Turn Up the Flux and Expect the Unexpected with VOR </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2015-05-28">May 28, 2015</time><a href="/article/turn-flux-and-expect-unexpected-vor" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/skadi-diffractometer-enlarging-field-small-angle-neutron-scattering"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/legacy-articles/skadi-sketch_620.png?itok=rY7MY5OQ 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/legacy-articles/skadi-sketch_620.png?itok=rY7MY5OQ" width="640" height="460" alt="" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/skadi-diffractometer-enlarging-field-small-angle-neutron-scattering" rel="bookmark"> The SKADI Diffractometer: Enlarging the Field of Small-Angle Neutron Scattering </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2015-03-17">Mar 17, 2015</time><a href="/article/skadi-diffractometer-enlarging-field-small-angle-neutron-scattering" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/c-spec-brings-more-light-study-dynamics-systems"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/legacy-articles/cspec_time_distance620c.png?itok=2O7KPfcm 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/legacy-articles/cspec_time_distance620c.png?itok=2O7KPfcm" width="640" height="460" alt="" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/c-spec-brings-more-light-study-dynamics-systems" rel="bookmark"> C-SPEC Brings More Light to the Study of Dynamics in Systems </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2015-01-23">Jan 23, 2015</time><a href="/c-spec-brings-more-light-study-dynamics-systems" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/realizing-dream-versatile-powder-diffractometer"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/legacy-articles/dream-pictures-dark-res_620tight.jpg?itok=8H-uq-p2 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/legacy-articles/dream-pictures-dark-res_620tight.jpg?itok=8H-uq-p2" width="640" height="460" alt="" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/realizing-dream-versatile-powder-diffractometer" rel="bookmark"> Realizing DREAM, a Versatile Powder Diffractometer </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2014-11-25">Nov 25, 2014</time><a href="/realizing-dream-versatile-powder-diffractometer" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/estia-truly-focusing-reflectometer"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/legacy-articles/selene_two_planes_620.png?itok=5B5gvSP8 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/legacy-articles/selene_two_planes_620.png?itok=5B5gvSP8" width="640" height="460" alt="" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/estia-truly-focusing-reflectometer" rel="bookmark"> Estia, A Truly Focusing Reflectometer </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2014-11-10">Nov 10, 2014</time><a href="/estia-truly-focusing-reflectometer" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/building-europes-next-flagship-engineering-diffractometer-future-beer"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/legacy-articles/beer_fig1_text_2.jpg?itok=Aiqp3tas 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/legacy-articles/beer_fig1_text_2.jpg?itok=Aiqp3tas" width="640" height="460" alt="" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/building-europes-next-flagship-engineering-diffractometer-future-beer" rel="bookmark"> Building Europe’s Next Flagship Engineering Diffractometer: The Future is BEER </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2014-10-03">Oct 03, 2014</time><a href="/building-europes-next-flagship-engineering-diffractometer-future-beer" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="instrument__slider-arrow instrument__slider-arrow--right"><i class="icon icon--arrow-right"></i></div> </div> </section> <div class="site-section"> <div><div class="block_content block_content--type-no_dead_end block_content--view-mode-full"> <div class="no-dead-ends"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-4"> </div> <div class="col-lg-8"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12"> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6"> </div> <div class="col-lg-6"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer role="contentinfo" class="site-footer"> <div class="site-footer__section"> <div class="site-footer__logo"> <object class="site-footer__logo-graphic" data="https://europeanspallationsource.se/themes/custom/ess/graphics/logo-small.svg" type="image/svg+xml"></object> </div> <div class="site-footer__copyright"> <span>© ESS. All rights reserved</span> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer__section"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-footer-menu-menu" id="block-footer-menu" class="site-footer__menu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-footer-menu-menu">Footer menu</h2> <ul class="navigation"> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="/user/login" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="user/login">Login</a> </li> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="/privacy" title="ESS Privacy and Cookies Policies" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6622">Privacy</a> </li> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="https://sress.ess.eu/" title="SRE ESS" class="navigation__link">SRE ESS</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="site-footer__social-media" role="list" > <a href="http://www.twitter.com/essneutron" target="_blank" role="listitem" aria-label="Follow ESS on Twitter" class="button-icon"><i class="icon icon--twitter"></i></a> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/europeanspallationsource" target="_blank" role="listitem" aria-label="Follow ESS on Facebook" class="button-icon"><i class="icon icon--facebook"></i></a> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/326252" target="_blank" role="listitem" aria-label="Follow ESS on LinkedIn" class="button-icon"><i class="icon icon--linkedin"></i></a> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/553","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"entity_embed\/caption,ess\/behind-ess,ess\/custom-images,ess\/dropdown,ess\/font.source-sans-pro,ess\/global,ess\/icons.font-awesome,ess\/legacy-content,ess\/main-menu,ess\/mobile-menu,ess\/related-articles-slider,ess\/sitemap,ess\/tables,ess\/tabs,extlink\/drupal.extlink,google_analytics\/google_analytics,paragraphs\/drupal.paragraphs.unpublished,system\/base,views\/views.module","theme":"ess","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"\/search":true},"google_analytics":{"account":"UA-8858311-13","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip","trackUrlFragments":true},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":true,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"127.0.0.1:8000","extInclude":"sites\/default\/files\/","extCssExclude":".site-footer__social-media,\r\n.twitter-block,\r\n.site-header\r\n","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":false,"extAlertText":"This link will take you to an external web site. We are not responsible for their content.","mailtoClass":"0","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","whitelistedDomains":null}},"panels_ipe":{"user_permission":null},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"f4b00ee70f94a9cc458caba3970910ce9ead53226f53385045fb7c2b72e3cc73"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_e_pwGRoYK4B3kZeXU-dC_FAqotboucQQw7046dqrXrQ.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=ess&include=eJxdUNFuBCEI_CFdP-mCSj1SBCPa7f59PbfNJX0hMwPDEIpqYXyAAF-DkoXyT3B22cAaIhg6NAsfKuMwnT2hNxDzretuUFKx49X2cKJpvecLawTecEBkNIffg0k-Q-6zAR-_1H0RnhZ2Parmybe_I8PA7KGvc5bdG1PG7lAGjeuBNWIOCdoglW1I04ZWTxXKK-zONdegQ-nQnvYX_FaOKW1GJnti3o7ctWU974URnyTZL7hpBRJfUebNNBLjmxutb0HbmLFAuvz6y1jX_gAHqYwP"></script> <script src="https://use.fontawesome.com/e87ab3b287.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_VgQvCt84ujFa0Ia6ljiJlM0ShoP-nK9prbXDvDUGK_4.js?scope=footer&delta=2&language=en&theme=ess&include=eJxdUNFuBCEI_CFdP-mCSj1SBCPa7f59PbfNJX0hMwPDEIpqYXyAAF-DkoXyT3B22cAaIhg6NAsfKuMwnT2hNxDzretuUFKx49X2cKJpvecLawTecEBkNIffg0k-Q-6zAR-_1H0RnhZ2Parmybe_I8PA7KGvc5bdG1PG7lAGjeuBNWIOCdoglW1I04ZWTxXKK-zONdegQ-nQnvYX_FaOKW1GJnti3o7ctWU974URnyTZL7hpBRJfUebNNBLjmxutb0HbmLFAuvz6y1jX_gAHqYwP"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

BIFROST | ESS