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href="#Terms_named_for_Harry_Nyquist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Terms named for Harry Nyquist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terms_named_for_Harry_Nyquist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Harry Nyquist</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="هاري نايكست – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هاري نايكست" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harri_Naykvist" title="Harri Naykvist – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Harri Naykvist" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="هری نایکوئیست – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هری نایکوئیست" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="হ্যারি নাইকুইস্ট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হ্যারি নাইকুইস্ট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Nyquist" title="Harry Nyquist – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Harry Nyquist" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Nyquist" title="Harry Nyquist – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Harry Nyquist" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Nyquist" title="Harry Nyquist – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Harry Nyquist" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Nyquist" title="Harry Nyquist – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Harry Nyquist" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Nyquist" title="Harry Nyquist – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Harry Nyquist" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Nyquist" title="Harry Nyquist – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Harry Nyquist" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="هری نایکوئیست – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هری نایکوئیست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Nyquist" title="Harry Nyquist – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Harry Nyquist" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EB%A6%AC_%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%80%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8" title="해리 나이퀴스트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="해리 나이퀴스트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%84%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A9" title="Հարրի Նայքվիսթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարրի Նայքվիսթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Nyquist" title="Harry Nyquist – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Harry Nyquist" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98" title="הארי נייקוויסט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הארי נייקוויסט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Nyquist" title="Harry Nyquist – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Harry Nyquist" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82" title="Хари Никвист – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хари Никвист" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Nyquist" title="Harry Nyquist – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Harry Nyquist" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="هارى نايكست – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هارى نايكست" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Nyquist" title="Harry Nyquist – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Harry Nyquist" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88" title="ハリー・ナイキスト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハリー・ナイキスト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Nyquist" title="Harry Nyquist – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Harry Nyquist" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Nyquist" title="Harry Nyquist – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Harry Nyquist" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Nyquist" title="Harry Nyquist – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Harry Nyquist" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82,_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Найквист, Гарри – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Найквист, Гарри" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82" title="Хари Никвист – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хари Никвист" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Nyquist" title="Harry Nyquist – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Harry Nyquist" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="ฮารี นือควิสต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮารี นือควิสต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82" title="Гаррі Найквіст – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гаррі Найквіст" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Nyquist" title="Harry Nyquist – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Harry Nyquist" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%A5%88%E5%A5%8E%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Swedish-American physicist and electrical engineer (1889–1976)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Harry Nyquist</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Harry_Nyquist.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Harry_Nyquist.jpg/200px-Harry_Nyquist.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b4/Harry_Nyquist.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Harry Nyquist</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1889-02-07</span>)</span>February 7, 1889<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Nilsby, Stora Kil, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rmland" title="Värmland">Värmland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">April 4, 1976<span style="display:none">(1976-04-04)</span> (aged 87)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Harlingen,_Texas" title="Harlingen, Texas">Harlingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Swedish</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category">Swedish / American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Dakota" title="University of North Dakota">University of North Dakota</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nyquist%E2%80%93Shannon_sampling_theorem" title="Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem">Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nyquist_rate" title="Nyquist rate">Nyquist rate</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Johnson%E2%80%93Nyquist_noise" title="Johnson–Nyquist noise">Johnson–Nyquist noise</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nyquist_stability_criterion" title="Nyquist stability criterion">Nyquist stability criterion</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nyquist_ISI_criterion" title="Nyquist ISI criterion">Nyquist ISI criterion</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nyquist_plot" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyquist plot">Nyquist plot</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nyquist_frequency" title="Nyquist frequency">Nyquist frequency</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nyquist_filter" title="Nyquist filter">Nyquist filter</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fluctuation_dissipation_theorem" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluctuation dissipation theorem">Fluctuation dissipation theorem</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Medal_of_Honor" title="IEEE Medal of Honor">IEEE Medal of Honor</a> (1960)<br /><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Ballantine_Medal" title="Stuart Ballantine Medal">Stuart Ballantine Medal</a> (1960)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Oldenburger_Medal" title="Rufus Oldenburger Medal">Rufus Oldenburger Medal</a> (1975)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic engineer">Electronic engineer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bell_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell Laboratories">Bell Laboratories</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Andrews_Bumstead" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Andrews Bumstead">Henry Andrews Bumstead</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Harry Nyquist</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Swedish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sv-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish" title="Help:IPA/Swedish">[ˈnŷːkvɪst]</a></span>; February 7, 1889 – April 4, 1976) was a <a href="/wiki/Swedish-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish-American">Swedish-American</a> physicist and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic engineer">electronic engineer</a> who made important contributions to <a href="/wiki/Communication_theory" title="Communication theory">communication theory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Nyquist&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nyquist was born in the village Nilsby of the parish Stora Kil, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rmland" title="Värmland">Värmland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>. He was the son of Lars Jonsson Nyqvist (1847–1930) and Catarina (or Katrina) Eriksdotter (1857–1920). His parents had eight children: Elin Teresia, Astrid, Selma, Harry Theodor, Amelie, Olga Maria, Axel Martin and Herta Alfrida.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He immigrated to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> in 1907. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Nyquist&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He entered the <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Dakota" title="University of North Dakota">University of North Dakota</a> in 1912 and received B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering in 1914 and 1915, respectively. He received a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a> in physics at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> in 1917. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Nyquist&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He worked at <a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Corp." class="mw-redirect" title="AT&T Corp.">AT&T</a>'s Department of Development and Research from 1917 to 1934, and continued when it became <a href="/wiki/Bell_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell Laboratories">Bell Telephone Laboratories</a> that year, until his retirement in 1954. </p><p>Nyquist received the <a href="/wiki/IEEE_Medal_of_Honor" title="IEEE Medal of Honor">IRE Medal of Honor</a> in 1960 for "fundamental contributions to a quantitative understanding of thermal noise, data transmission and negative feedback." In October 1960 he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Ballantine_Medal" title="Stuart Ballantine Medal">Stuart Ballantine Medal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Institute" title="Franklin Institute">Franklin Institute</a> "for his theoretical analyses and practical inventions in the field of communications systems during the past forty years including, particularly, his original work in the theories of telegraph transmission, thermal noise in electric conductors, and in the history of feedback systems." In 1969 he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Engineering" title="National Academy of Engineering">National Academy of Engineering</a>'s fourth Founder's Medal "in recognition of his many fundamental contributions to engineering." In 1975 Nyquist received together with <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Bode" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrik Bode">Hendrik Bode</a> the <a href="/wiki/Rufus_Oldenburger_Medal" title="Rufus Oldenburger Medal">Rufus Oldenburger Medal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers" title="American Society of Mechanical Engineers">American Society of Mechanical Engineers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As reported in <i>The Idea Factory: Bell Labs and the Great Age of American Innovation</i>, the Bell Labs patent lawyers wanted to know why some people were so much more productive (in terms of patents) than others. After crunching a lot of data, they found that the only thing the productive employees had in common (other than having made it through the Bell Labs hiring process) was that "Workers with the most patents often shared lunch or breakfast with a Bell Labs electrical engineer named Harry Nyquist. It wasn't the case that Nyquist gave them specific ideas. Rather, as one scientist recalled, 'he drew people out, got them thinking'" (p. 135). </p><p>Nyquist lived in <a href="/wiki/Pharr,_Texas" title="Pharr, Texas">Pharr, Texas</a> after his retirement, and died in <a href="/wiki/Harlingen,_Texas" title="Harlingen, Texas">Harlingen, Texas</a> on April 4, 1976. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_contributions">Technical contributions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Nyquist&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Technical contributions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UND_Nyquist_Memorial.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/UND_Nyquist_Memorial.JPG/220px-UND_Nyquist_Memorial.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/UND_Nyquist_Memorial.JPG/330px-UND_Nyquist_Memorial.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/UND_Nyquist_Memorial.JPG/440px-UND_Nyquist_Memorial.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Memorial to Harry Nyquist at the University of North Dakota's College of Engineering and Mines</figcaption></figure><p>As an engineer at Bell Laboratories, Nyquist did important work on thermal noise ("<a href="/wiki/Johnson%E2%80%93Nyquist_noise" title="Johnson–Nyquist noise">Johnson–Nyquist noise</a>"),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the stability of <a href="/wiki/Feedback" title="Feedback">feedback</a> <a href="/wiki/Amplifier" title="Amplifier">amplifiers</a>, telegraphy, <a href="/wiki/Fax" title="Fax">facsimile</a>, television, and other important communications problems. With <a href="/wiki/Herbert_E._Ives" title="Herbert E. Ives">Herbert E. Ives</a>, he helped to develop AT&T's first facsimile machines that were made public in 1924. In 1932, he published a classic paper on stability of feedback amplifiers.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Nyquist_stability_criterion" title="Nyquist stability criterion">Nyquist stability criterion</a> can now be found in many textbooks on feedback control theory. </p><p>His early theoretical work on determining the bandwidth requirements for transmitting information laid the foundations for later advances by <a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a>, which led to the development of <a href="/wiki/Information_theory" title="Information theory">information theory</a>. In particular, Nyquist determined that the number of independent pulses that could be put through a telegraph channel per unit time is limited to twice the <a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(signal_processing)" title="Bandwidth (signal processing)">bandwidth</a> of the channel, and published his results in the papers <i>Certain factors affecting telegraph speed</i> (1924)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Certain topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory</i> (1928).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This rule is essentially a <a href="/wiki/Duality_(mathematics)" title="Duality (mathematics)">dual</a> of what is now known as the <a href="/wiki/Nyquist%E2%80%93Shannon_sampling_theorem" title="Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem">Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terms_named_for_Harry_Nyquist">Terms named for Harry Nyquist</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Nyquist&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Terms named for Harry Nyquist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nyquist_rate" title="Nyquist rate">Nyquist rate</a>: sampling rate twice the bandwidth of the signal's waveform being sampled; sampling at a rate that is equal to, or faster, than this rate ensures that the waveform can be reconstructed accurately.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyquist_frequency" title="Nyquist frequency">Nyquist frequency</a>: half the sample rate of a system; signal frequencies below this value are unambiguously represented.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyquist_filter" title="Nyquist filter">Nyquist filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyquist_plot" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyquist plot">Nyquist plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyquist_ISI_criterion" title="Nyquist ISI criterion">Nyquist ISI criterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyquist_(programming_language)" title="Nyquist (programming language)">Nyquist (programming language)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyquist_stability_criterion" title="Nyquist stability criterion">Nyquist stability criterion</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Nyquist&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.3023534">"Harry Nyquist"</a>. <i>Physics Today</i>. <b>29</b> (6): 64. June 1976. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1976PhT....29f..64.">1976PhT....29f..64.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.3023534">10.1063/1.3023534</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.atitle=Harry+Nyquist&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=64&rft.date=1976-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.3023534&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1976PhT....29f..64.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1063%252F1.3023534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Nyquist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Sveriges befolkning 1900" [CD-ROM]: Nyqvist, Harry</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asme.org/about-asme/honors-awards/achievement-awards/rufus-oldenburger-medal">"Rufus Oldenburger Medal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers" title="American Society of Mechanical Engineers">American Society of Mechanical Engineers</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rufus+Oldenburger+Medal&rft.pub=American+Society+of+Mechanical+Engineers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asme.org%2Fabout-asme%2Fhonors-awards%2Fachievement-awards%2Frufus-oldenburger-medal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Nyquist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNyquist1928" class="citation journal cs1">Nyquist, H. (1928-07-01). "Thermal Agitation of Electric Charge in Conductors". <i>Physical Review</i>. <b>32</b> (1). American Physical Society (APS): 110–113. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1928PhRv...32..110N">1928PhRv...32..110N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2Fphysrev.32.110">10.1103/physrev.32.110</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-899X">0031-899X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=Thermal+Agitation+of+Electric+Charge+in+Conductors&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=110-113&rft.date=1928-07-01&rft.issn=0031-899X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2Fphysrev.32.110&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1928PhRv...32..110N&rft.aulast=Nyquist&rft.aufirst=H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Nyquist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNyquist1932" class="citation journal cs1">Nyquist, H. (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bstj11-1-126">"Regeneration theory"</a>. <i>Bell System Technical Journal</i>. <b>11</b>: 126–147. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.1538-7305.1932.tb02344.x">10.1002/j.1538-7305.1932.tb02344.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:115002788">115002788</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bell+System+Technical+Journal&rft.atitle=Regeneration+theory&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=126-147&rft.date=1932&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fj.1538-7305.1932.tb02344.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A115002788%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Nyquist&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbstj11-1-126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Nyquist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNyquist1924" class="citation journal cs1">Nyquist, Harry (1924). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bstj3-2-324">"Certain factors affecting telegraph speed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bell_System_Technical_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell System Technical Journal">Bell System Technical Journal</a></i>. <b>3</b> (2): 324–346. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.1538-7305.1924.tb01361.x">10.1002/j.1538-7305.1924.tb01361.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:51630538">51630538</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bell+System+Technical+Journal&rft.atitle=Certain+factors+affecting+telegraph+speed&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=324-346&rft.date=1924&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fj.1538-7305.1924.tb01361.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A51630538%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Nyquist&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbstj3-2-324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Nyquist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNyquist1928" class="citation journal cs1">Nyquist, H. (1928). "Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory". <i>Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers</i>. <b>47</b> (2). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): 617–644. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1928TAIEE..47..617N">1928TAIEE..47..617N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2Ft-aiee.1928.5055024">10.1109/t-aiee.1928.5055024</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0096-3860">0096-3860</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+American+Institute+of+Electrical+Engineers&rft.atitle=Certain+Topics+in+Telegraph+Transmission+Theory&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=617-644&rft.date=1928&rft.issn=0096-3860&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2Ft-aiee.1928.5055024&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1928TAIEE..47..617N&rft.aulast=Nyquist&rft.aufirst=H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Nyquist" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060706192816/http://www.loe.ee.upatras.gr/Comes/Notes/Nyquist.pdf">Reprint as classic paper in: <i>Proc. IEEE, Vol. 90, No. 2, Feb 2002</i></a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Nyquist&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Harry_Nyquist" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Harry Nyquist">Harry Nyquist</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Harry_Nyquist">IEEE Global History Network page about Nyquist</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111002150807/http://www.trendcomms.com/multimedia/training/broadband%20networks/web/main/m1/temari/seccio5/nyquist.htm">Nyquist criterion page</a> with photo of Nyquist with <a href="/wiki/John_R._Pierce" title="John R. Pierce">John R. Pierce</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Kompfner" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudy Kompfner">Rudy Kompfner</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714233133/http://userspages.uob.edu.bh/ebrgallaf/ASMENyquistLecture2005.pdf">K.J.Astrom: Nyquist and his seminal papers, 2005 presentation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eleceng.adelaide.edu.au/Personal/dabbott/publications/EDU_abbott1996.pdf">Nyquist biography, p. 2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131228234916/http://www.eleceng.adelaide.edu.au/Personal/dabbott/publications/EDU_abbott1996.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-12-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Ransom_Gail_Baker" title="Walter Ransom Gail Baker">Walter R. G. Baker</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton_Miller" title="John Milton Miller">John M. Miller</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Littell_Everitt" title="William Littell Everitt">William L. Everitt</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_T._Friis" title="Harald T. Friis">Harald T. Friis</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Vincent_Lawless_Hogan" title="John Vincent Lawless Hogan">John V. L. Hogan</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Adams_Stratton" title="Julius Adams Stratton">Julius Adams Stratton</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_W._Hull" title="Albert W. Hull">Albert W. Hull</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_Leon_Chaffee" title="Emory Leon Chaffee">Emory Leon Chaffee</a> (1959)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harry Nyquist</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Guillemin" title="Ernst Guillemin">Ernst Guillemin</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Edward Victor Appleton</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clark_Southworth" title="George Clark Southworth">George C. Southworth</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hays_Hammond_Jr." title="John Hays Hammond Jr.">John Hays Hammond Jr.</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Alden_Wheeler" title="Harold Alden Wheeler">Harold Alden Wheeler</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles H. Townes</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Kidd_Teal" title="Gordon Kidd Teal">Gordon Kidd Teal</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Ginzton" title="Edward Ginzton">Edward Ginzton</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Dennis Gabor</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Wright_Forrester" title="Jay Wright Forrester">Jay Wright Forrester</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Kompfner" title="Rudolf Kompfner">Rudolf Kompfner</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_E._K%C3%A1lm%C3%A1n" title="Rudolf E. Kálmán">Rudolf E. Kálmán</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Pierce" title="John R. Pierce">John R. Pierce</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q316022#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q316022#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q316022#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000111404076">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/85211933">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1443303/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhmHyrTRXGPPB8GDgRqcP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80015737">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=stk2008428708&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007375835105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w60h13ff">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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