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Rachel Saint - Wikipedia
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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Rachel Saint</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel_Saint.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/dd/Rachel_Saint.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="403" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="221" data-file-height="356" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1914-01-02</span>)</span>January 2, 1914<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Wyncote,_Pennsylvania" title="Wyncote, Pennsylvania">Wyncote, Pennsylvania</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 11, 1994<span style="display:none">(1994-11-11)</span> (aged 80)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Quito" title="Quito">Quito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">Missionary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Saint" title="Lawrence Saint">Lawrence Saint</a><br />Katherine Saint</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nate_Saint" title="Nate Saint">Nate Saint</a> (brother)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rachel Saint</b> (January 2, 1914 – November 11, 1994) was an American <a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">evangelical</a> Christian <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> who worked in <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, with her language helper Dayuma translating the Gospel of Mark and the book of Acts into the Wao tededo language of the <a href="/wiki/Huaorani" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaorani">Huaorani</a> people.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rachel Saint was born in <a href="/wiki/Wyncote,_Pennsylvania" title="Wyncote, Pennsylvania">Wyncote, Pennsylvania</a>. She attended the Philadelphia School of the Bible (now <a href="/wiki/Cairn_University" title="Cairn University">Cairn University</a>) and then worked at the Keswick Colony of Mercy in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, a rehabilitation facility for people with alcohol addiction.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Saint&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Saint was sent out by the <a href="/wiki/Wycliffe_USA" title="Wycliffe USA">Wycliffe Bible Translators</a>, trained by Summer Institute of Linguistics (now <a href="/wiki/SIL_International" title="SIL International">SIL International</a>). Her first missionary assignment was to the <a href="/wiki/Yine_people" title="Yine people">Piro</a> and Shapira tribes in <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>. Her work there began to become well-known after the publication of the life of Tariri, a Shapra chief who left head-hunting after being introduced to Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, even at that time, Saint had an interest in the <a href="/wiki/Huaorani" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaorani">Huaorani</a> people of Ecuador. In February 1955, she and Catherine Peeke went to a missionary station near Huaorani territory, where Saint's brother was working. Rachel Saint started learning the Huaorani language with the help of <a href="/wiki/Dayuma" title="Dayuma">Dayuma</a>, a Huaorani woman who had left her people after her father lost his life in a revenge killing. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She fled to the plantation of Don Carlos Sevilla, where she worked on his plantation for eight years before being contacted by Rachel Saint, who expressed an interest in learning her language.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1956, five missionaries in the area were <a href="/wiki/Operation_Auca" title="Operation Auca">killed by Huaorani people</a>, including her brother <a href="/wiki/Nate_Saint" title="Nate Saint">Nate Saint</a>, who had come to Ecuador in 1948. As a result, Saint considered herself spiritually bonded to the tribe. In 1957, she embarked on a tour of the United States together with Dayuma, appearing with <a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a> at <a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden" title="Madison Square Garden">Madison Square Garden</a> and on <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Edwards" title="Ralph Edwards">Ralph Edwards</a>' television show <i><a href="/wiki/This_Is_Your_Life_(American_franchise)" title="This Is Your Life (American franchise)">This Is Your Life</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the summer of 1958, Saint returned to the Huaorani in Ecuador and, together with <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Elliot" title="Elisabeth Elliot">Elisabeth Elliot</a>, the wife of <a href="/wiki/Jim_Elliot" title="Jim Elliot">James (Jim) Elliot</a>, who had been killed by the Huaorani, continued to evangelize. In February 1959, they were able to move into a Huaorani settlement. Where the five American men had failed to gain entrance into the Huaorani society, these two unarmed women (as well as Elliot's little daughter) were not perceived as a threat. Saint continued in her labor to create a dictionary of the Huaorani language that she had begun before the death of the five missionaries.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saint appears in <a href="/wiki/Joe_Kane" title="Joe Kane">Joe Kane</a>'s book, <i>Savages</i>, in which she is criticized for the negative effects her proselytizing allegedly had on the lifestyle of those Huaorani who chose to live in her village.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saint also appears in <a href="/wiki/Nemonte_Nenquimo" title="Nemonte Nenquimo">Nemonte Nenquimo</a>’s book We Will Be Jaguars published September 2024. </p><p>Saint died in <a href="/wiki/Quito" title="Quito">Quito</a> from cancer on November 11, 1994 at the age of 80. She was buried in Toñampare, Ecuador, where she had lived with the Huaorani.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film">Film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Saint&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Trinkets and beads</b>. Documentary, Ecuador/USA 1996, 52 minutes; Director: Chris Walker; Producer: <a href="/wiki/Tony_Avirgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Avirgan">Tony Avirgan</a>. “Chris Walker and Tony Avirgan’s films tells the tragi-comic story of the unlikely links between Maxus – a Texas-based oil company – the 79-year-old Wycliffe Bible Translators missionary Rachel Saint, and the Huaorani people of the Ecuadorian Orient, the most fiercely isolated tribe in the Amazon. First introduced to the Indians by the missionaries, Maxus is guilty of poisoning Huaorani land with its drills and flares and leaking pipelines.”<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Saint&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLong2017" class="citation web cs1">Long, Kathryn (October 5, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wheaton.edu/media/billy-graham-center-archives/2017-Lecture-Notes-and-Slides.pdf">"Picture with a Thousand Pieces: Archival Research on Missionaries and the Waorani"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wheaton_College_(Illinois)" title="Wheaton College (Illinois)">Wheaton College (Illinois)</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wheaton+College+%28Illinois%29&rft.atitle=Picture+with+a+Thousand+Pieces%3A+Archival+Research+on+Missionaries+and+the+Waorani&rft.date=2017-10-05&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wheaton.edu%2Fmedia%2Fbilly-graham-center-archives%2F2017-Lecture-Notes-and-Slides.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Saint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">YouTube, This Is Your Life-Rachel Saint, Part I)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tariri, My story: Ethel Emily Wallis, From Jungle Killer to Christian Missionary, Harper & Row Publisher, New York, c. 1965 Wycliffe Bible Translators</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Dayuma Story, Ethel Emily Wallis, Harper & Brothers: New York, 1960, pp. 14-15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">YouTube, This is Your Life-Rachel Saint, part 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Dayuma Story, Ethel Emily Wallis, Harper & Brothers: New York, 1960, pp. 14-15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Dayuma Story, Ethel Emily Wallis, Harper & Brothers: New York, 1960, p. 93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://missionaryportal.webflow.io/biography/...rachel-saint">http://missionaryportal.webflow.io/biography/...rachel-saint</a> A Biography of Rachel Saint, Missionary to Ecuador</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKane1996" class="citation book cs1">Kane, Joe (1996). <i>Savages</i>. New York: Vintage Books (A Division of Random House). pp. 85–89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-74019-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-74019-8"><bdi>0-679-74019-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Savages&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=85-89&rft.pub=Vintage+Books+%28A+Division+of+Random+House%29&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-679-74019-8&rft.aulast=Kane&rft.aufirst=Joe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Saint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">www,christianitytoday.com/ct/1994/december12/4te60c.html</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070311092406/http://www.tve.org/mp7/details.cfm?l=e&fid=1991"><i>TVE</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tve.org/mp7/details.cfm?l=e&fid=1991">the original</a> on 2007-03-11<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-03-01</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=TVE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tve.org%2Fmp7%2Fdetails.cfm%3Fl%3De%26fid%3D1991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Saint" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relevant_literature">Relevant literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Saint&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Relevant literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1998" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Gerald H. (1998). <i>Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions</i>. Grand Rapids / Cambridge: Wm. B. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-4680-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-4680-7"><bdi>0-8028-4680-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Dictionary+of+Christian+Missions&rft.place=Grand+Rapids+%2F+Cambridge&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8028-4680-7&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Gerald+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Saint" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCabodevilla1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cabodevilla, Miguel Angel (1994). <i>Los Huaorani en la historia de los pueblos del oriente</i> [<i>The Huaoroni in the History of the peoples of the Orient</i>] (in Spanish). Coca: CICAME.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+Huaorani+en+la+historia+de+los+pueblos+del+oriente&rft.place=Coca&rft.pub=CICAME&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Cabodevilla&rft.aufirst=Miguel+Angel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Saint" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoffin1994" class="citation book cs1">Goffin, Alvin M. (1994). <i>The Rise of Protestant Evangelism in Ecuador, 1895–1990</i>. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8130-1260-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8130-1260-0"><bdi>0-8130-1260-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Protestant+Evangelism+in+Ecuador%2C+1895%E2%80%931990&rft.place=Gainesville&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Florida&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-8130-1260-0&rft.aulast=Goffin&rft.aufirst=Alvin+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Saint" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowe2003" class="citation book cs1">Howe, Robert W (2003). <i>Tigres of the night: The true story of Juan and Amalia Arcos, naturalists and lay missionaries in the jungle of eastern Ecuador, 1922–2003</i>. Xlibris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4134-1503-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-4134-1503-2"><bdi>1-4134-1503-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tigres+of+the+night%3A+The+true+story+of+Juan+and+Amalia+Arcos%2C+naturalists+and+lay+missionaries+in+the+jungle+of+eastern+Ecuador%2C+1922%E2%80%932003&rft.pub=Xlibris&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-4134-1503-2&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=Robert+W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Saint" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (January 2018)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimerling1991" class="citation book cs1">Kimerling, Judith (1991). <i>Amazon crude</i>. Natural Resource Defense. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9609358-5-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9609358-5-1"><bdi>0-9609358-5-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amazon+crude&rft.pub=Natural+Resource+Defense&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-9609358-5-1&rft.aulast=Kimerling&rft.aufirst=Judith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Saint" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKingsland1980" class="citation book cs1">Kingsland, Rosemary (1980). <i>A Saint among Savages</i>. Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-216740-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-216740-9"><bdi>0-00-216740-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Saint+among+Savages&rft.pub=Collins&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-00-216740-9&rft.aulast=Kingsland&rft.aufirst=Rosemary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Saint" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowell1996" class="citation book cs1">Rowell, Andrew (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greenbacklashglo0000rowe"><i>Green Backlash: Global Subversion of the Environment Movement</i></a></span>. London / New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-12827-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-12827-7"><bdi>0-415-12827-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Green+Backlash%3A+Global+Subversion+of+the+Environment+Movement&rft.place=London+%2F+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-415-12827-7&rft.aulast=Rowell&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreenbacklashglo0000rowe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Saint" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoll2004" class="citation book cs1">Stoll, David (2004). <i>Fishers of men or founders of empire? The Wycliffe Bible Translators in Latin America</i>. Berghahn Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86-232111-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86-232111-6"><bdi>978-0-86-232111-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fishers+of+men+or+founders+of+empire%3F+The+Wycliffe+Bible+Translators+in+Latin+America&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-86-232111-6&rft.aulast=Stoll&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Saint" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStowell1998" class="citation book cs1">Stowell, Joseph M. (1998). <i>Following Christ</i>. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-310-21934-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-310-21934-5"><bdi>0-310-21934-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Following+Christ&rft.place=Grand+Rapids&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-310-21934-5&rft.aulast=Stowell&rft.aufirst=Joseph+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Saint" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker2004" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Ruth A. (2004). <i>From Jerusalem to Irian Jaya: A Biographical History of Christian Missions</i>. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-310-23937-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-310-23937-0"><bdi>0-310-23937-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Jerusalem+to+Irian+Jaya%3A+A+Biographical+History+of+Christian+Missions&rft.place=Grand+Rapids&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-310-23937-0&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Ruth+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Saint" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Congress1977" class="citation book cs1">United States Congress, House Committee on International Relations (1977). <i>Protection of Americans Abroad: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on International Operations</i>. Washington: US Government Printing Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Protection+of+Americans+Abroad%3A+Hearings+Before+the+Subcommittee+on+International+Operations&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=US+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=United+States+Congress&rft.aufirst=House+Committee+on+International+Relations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Saint" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallis1960" class="citation book cs1">Wallis, Ethel E. (1960). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dayumastorylifeu00wall"><i>The Dayuma story: Life under Auca spears</i></a></span>. New York: Harper.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dayuma+story%3A+Life+under+Auca+spears&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Wallis&rft.aufirst=Ethel+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdayumastorylifeu00wall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Saint" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYost1981" class="citation book cs1">Yost, James A (1981). "Twenty years of contact: the mechanisms of change in Huao ("Auca") culture". In Whitten, Jr, Norman E (ed.). <i>pp. 677-704, Cultural transformations and ethnicity in modern Ecuador</i>. Champaigne-Urbana: University of Illinois Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Twenty+years+of+contact%3A+the+mechanisms+of+change+in+Huao+%28%22Auca%22%29+culture&rft.btitle=pp.+677-704%2C+Cultural+transformations+and+ethnicity+in+modern+Ecuador&rft.place=Champaigne-Urbana&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Yost&rft.aufirst=James+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Saint" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Saint&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/text?people=Huaorani"><i>The Huaorani</i></a>, Indigenous Peoples of the World</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Huaorani&rft.pub=Indigenous+Peoples+of+the+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peoplesoftheworld.org%2Ftext%3Fpeople%3DHuaorani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Saint" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protestant_missions_to_Latin_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Protestant_missions_to_Latin_America" title="Template:Protestant missions to Latin America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Protestant_missions_to_Latin_America" title="Template talk:Protestant missions to Latin America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Protestant_missions_to_Latin_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Protestant missions to Latin America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protestant_missions_to_Latin_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Protestant missions to Latin America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chet_Bitterman" title="Chet Bitterman">Chet Bitterman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bridges_(Anglican_missionary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Bridges (Anglican missionary)">Thomas Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Drown" title="Frank Drown">Frank Drown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cooley_Fletcher" title="James Cooley Fletcher">James Cooley Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Francescon" title="Louis Francescon">Louis Francescon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Francis_Gardiner" title="Allen Francis Gardiner">Allen Francis Gardiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Grattan_Guinness" title="Henry Grattan Guinness">Henry Grattan Guinness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Parish_Kidder" title="Daniel Parish Kidder">Daniel Parish Kidder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justus_Henry_Nelson" title="Justus Henry Nelson">Justus Henry Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Ridderhof" title="Joy Ridderhof">Joy Ridderhof</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rachel Saint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashbel_Green_Simonton" title="Ashbel Green Simonton">Ashbel Green Simonton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waite_Stirling" title="Waite Stirling">Waite Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cameron_Townsend" title="William Cameron Townsend">William Cameron Townsend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnos360" title="Ethnos360">Ethnos360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_Mission_Society" title="South American Mission Society">South American Mission Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wycliffe_Bible_Translators" class="mw-redirect" title="Wycliffe Bible Translators">Wycliffe Bible Translators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Bible_Society" title="American Bible Society">American Bible Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Evangelical_Alliance_Mission" class="mw-redirect" title="The Evangelical Alliance Mission">TEAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCJB" title="HCJB">HCJB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_Beyond_Missionary_Union" title="Regions Beyond Missionary Union">Regions Beyond Missionary Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Aviation_Fellowship" title="Mission Aviation Fellowship">Mission Aviation Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_to_the_World" title="Mission to the World">Mission to the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Andean_Indian_Mission" title="United Andean Indian Mission">United Andean Indian Mission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Auca" title="Operation Auca">Operation Auca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Operation_Auca" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#4F7942; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Operation_Auca" title="Template:Operation Auca"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Operation_Auca" title="Template talk:Operation Auca"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Operation_Auca" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Operation Auca"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Operation_Auca" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Auca" title="Operation Auca"><span style="color:white;">Operation Auca</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#4F7942; color:white;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nate_Saint" title="Nate Saint">Nate Saint</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jim_Elliot" title="Jim Elliot">Jim Elliot</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pete_Fleming" title="Pete Fleming">Pete Fleming</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ed_McCully" title="Ed McCully">Ed McCully</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Roger_Youderian" title="Roger Youderian">Roger Youderian</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Drown" title="Frank Drown">Frank Drown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Elliot" title="Elisabeth Elliot">Elisabeth Elliot</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rachel Saint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Saint" title="Steve Saint">Steve Saint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayuma" title="Dayuma">Dayuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mincaye" title="Mincaye">Mincaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Huaorani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Huaorani people">Huaorani Tribe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#4F7942; color:white;">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shell,_Ecuador" title="Shell, Ecuador">Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandia" title="Shandia">Shandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arajuno" title="Arajuno">Arajuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curaray_River" title="Curaray River">Curaray River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#4F7942; color:white;">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Through_Gates_of_Splendor" title="Through Gates of Splendor">Through Gates of Splendor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/End_of_the_Spear_(book)" title="End of the Spear (book)">End of the Spear</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#4F7942; color:white;">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Through_Gates_of_Splendor#The_film" title="Through Gates of Splendor">Through Gates of Splendor</a></i> <small>(1967)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beyond_the_Gates_of_Splendor" title="Beyond the Gates of Splendor">Beyond the Gates of Splendor</a></i> <small>(2002)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/End_of_the_Spear" title="End of the Spear">End of the Spear</a></i> <small>(2005)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#4F7942; color:white;">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SIL_International" title="SIL International">SIL International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wycliffe_USA" title="Wycliffe USA"> Wycliffe Bible Translators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_plc" title="Shell plc">Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Aviation_Fellowship" title="Mission Aviation Fellowship">Mission Aviation Fellowship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279384#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279384#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279384#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000030525730">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/18535073">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/65089/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJp68jmTbDbGvPpjGKH3cP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80159157">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p097682381">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810590436705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007391347805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w64b6wn2">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐6696b4cc84‐2qjqd Cached time: 20241122145955 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.893 seconds Real time usage: 1.102 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2851/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 67399/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2063/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive 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