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piglets</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: piglets"> <meta name="keywords" content="piglets"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="piglets"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 18</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: piglets</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> A Survey to Determine the Incidence of Piglets' Mortality in Outdoor Farms in New Zealand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20C.%20H.%20Morel">Patrick C. H. Morel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ian%20W.%20Barugh"> Ian W. Barugh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kirsty%20L.%20Chidgey"> Kirsty L. Chidgey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to quantify the level of piglet deaths in outdoor farrowing systems in New Zealand. A total of 14 farms were visited, the farmers interviewed, and data collected. A total of 10,154 sows were kept on those farms representing an estimated 33% of the NZ sow herd or 80% of the outdoor sow herd in 2016. Data from 25,911 litters was available for the different analyses. The characteristics and reproductive performance for the years 2015-2016 from the 14 farms surveyed in this study were analysed, and the following results were obtained. The average percentage of stillbirths was 7.1% ranging between 3.5 and 10.7%, and the average pre-weaning live-born mortality was 16.7% ranging between 3.7% and 23.6%. The majority of piglet deaths (89%) occurred during the first week after birth, with 81% of deaths occurring up to day three. The number of piglets born alive was 12.3 (8.0 to 14.0), and average number of piglets weaned per sow per year was 22.4, range 10.5-27.3. The average stocking rate per ha (number of sows and mated gilts) was 15.3 and ranged from 2.8 to 28.6. The sow to boar ratio average was 20.9:1 and the range was 7.1: 1 to 63:1. The sow replacement rate ranged between 37% and 78%. There was a large variation in the piglet live-born mortality both between months within a farm and between farms within a given month. The monthly recorded piglet mortality ranged between 7.7% and 31.5%, and there was no statistically significant difference between months on the number of piglets born, born alive, weaned or on pre-weaning piglet mortality. Twelve different types of hut/farrowing systems were used on the 14 farms. No difference in piglet mortality was observed between A-Frame, A-Frame Modified and for Box-shape huts. There was a positive relationship between the average number of piglets born per litter and the number of piglets born alive (r=0.975) or the number weaned per litter (r=0.845). Moreover, as the average number of piglets born-alive increases, both pre-weaning live-born mortality rate and the number of piglets weaned increased. An increase of 1 piglet in the number born alive corresponds to an increase of 2.9% in live-born mortality and an increase of 0.56 piglets weaned. Farmers reported that staff are the key to success with the key attributes being: good and reliable with attention to detail and skills with the stock. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortality" title="mortality">mortality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piglets" title=" piglets"> piglets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outdoor" title=" outdoor"> outdoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pig%20farm" title=" pig farm"> pig farm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107941/a-survey-to-determine-the-incidence-of-piglets-mortality-in-outdoor-farms-in-new-zealand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> The Effects of Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang to Diarrhea and Growth Performance of Piglets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siao-Wei%20Jiang">Siao-Wei Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boy-Young%20Hsieh"> Boy-Young Hsieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Liang%20Hsieh"> Ching-Liang Hsieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Yung%20Lin"> Cheng-Yung Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problems of multiple drug resistance in the pig farming industry have been emphasized in recent years. Diarrhea syndrome is common in weaning piglets and often treated with antibiotics as a feed additive, leading to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance and posing high health risks to humans. The study aimed to alleviate diarrhea syndrome with traditional herbal medicine, Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang, whose effects enhanced digestive function. Piglets at 4 weeks old with stool classified to Bristol stool classification type 6 or type 7 were randomly divided into the control group, group A (1% of Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang) and group B (0.1% Colistin). The piglets were administrated for 7 days, and their weight, feed intake, and stool score were recorded daily before and after the trial. The results showed that the diarrhea index score in group A and group B improved significantly compared to the control group, indicating that Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang may have the same effect on alleviating diarrhea syndrome as Colistin, and it may be another replacement for antibiotics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pig" title="pig">pig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diarrhea" title=" diarrhea"> diarrhea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=herbal%20medicine" title=" herbal medicine"> herbal medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiang%20Sha%20Liu%20Jun%20Zi%20Tang" title=" Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang"> Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182911/the-effects-of-xiang-sha-liu-jun-zi-tang-to-diarrhea-and-growth-performance-of-piglets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182911.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Effect of Different Feed Composition on the Growth Performance in Early Weaned Piglets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Obuzor%20Eze%20Obuzor">Obuzor Eze Obuzor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ekpoke%20Okurube%20Sliver"> Ekpoke Okurube Sliver</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was carried out at Debee farms at Ahoada West Local Government area, Rivers State, Nigeria. To evaluate the impact of two different cost-effective available feed composition on growth performance of weaned piglets. Thirty weaned uncontrolled cross bred (Large white x pietrain) piglets of average initial weight of 3.04 Kg weaned at 30days were assigned to three dietary treatments, comprising three replicates of 10 weaned piglets each, piglets were kept at 7 °C in different pens with dimensions of 4.50 × 4.50 m. The design of the experiment was completely randomized design, data from the study were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means were separated using Duncan's Multiple Range Test using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software for windows (2 0 0 3), statistical significance was assessed at P < 0.05 (95% confidence interval) while survival rate was calculated using simple percentage. A standard diet was prepared to meet the nutrient requirements of weaned piglets at (20.8% crude protein). The three diets were fed to the animals in concrete feeding trough, control diet (C) had soybean meal while first treatment had spent grain (T1) and the second treatment had wheat offal (T2) respectively. The experiment was partitioned into four weeks periods (days 1-7, 8-14, 15-21 and 22-28). Feed and water were given unrestrictedly throughout the period of the experiment. The feed intake and weights of the pigs were recorded on weekly basis. Feed conversion ratio and daily weight gain were calculated and the study lasted for four weeks. There was no significant (P>0.05) effect of diet on survival rate, final body weight, average daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. The overall performance showed that treatment one (T1) had survival rate (93%), improved daily weight gain (36.21 g), average daily feed intake (120.14 g) and had the best feed conversion ratio (0.29) similar high mean value with the control while treatment two (T2) had lowest and negative response to all parameters. It could be concluded that feed formulated with spent grain is cheaper than control (soybean meal) and also improved the growth performance of weaned piglets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piglets" title="piglets">piglets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weaning" title=" weaning"> weaning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20conversions%20ratio" title=" feed conversions ratio"> feed conversions ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daily%20weight%20gain" title=" daily weight gain"> daily weight gain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174668/effect-of-different-feed-composition-on-the-growth-performance-in-early-weaned-piglets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174668.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Use of Recycled Vegetable Oil in the Diet of Lactating Sows</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Manuel%20Uriarte%20Lopez">Juan Manuel Uriarte Lopez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hector%20Raul%20Guemez%20Gaxiola"> Hector Raul Guemez Gaxiola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javier%20Alonso%20Romo%20Rubio"> Javier Alonso Romo Rubio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Manuel%20Romo%20Valdez"> Juan Manuel Romo Valdez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this investigation was to determine the influence of the use of recycled vegetable oil from restaurants in the productive performance of sows in lactation. Twenty-four hybrids lactating sows (Landrace x Yorkshire) were divided into three treatments with eight sows per treatment. On day 107 of gestation, the sows were moved to the mesh floor maternity cages in an environment regulated by the environment regulated (2.4 × 0.6 m) contained an area (2.4 × 0.5 m) for newborn pigs on each side, all diets were provided as a dry powder, and the sows received free access to water throughout the experimental period. After farrowing, the sows were fasted for 12 hours, the daily feed ration gradually increased, and the sows had ad libitum access to feed on the fourth day. The diets used were corn-soybean meal-based, containing 0 (CONT), recycled vegetable oil 1.0 % (RVOL), or recycled vegetable oil 1.5 % (RVOH) for 30 days. The diets contained similar calculated levels of crude protein and metabolizable energy and contained vitamins and minerals that exceeded National Research Council (1998) recommendations; sows were fed three times daily. On day 30, piglets were weaned, and performances of lactating sows and nursery piglets were recorded. Results indicated that average daily feed intake (5.58, 5.55, and 5.49 kg for CONT, RVOL, and RVO, respectively) of sows were not affected (P > 0.05) by different dietary. There was no difference in the average body weight of piglets on the day of birth, with 1.33, 1.36, and 1.35 kg, respectively (P > 0.05). There was no difference in average body weight of piglets on day 30, with 6.91, 6.75, and 7.05 kg, respectively 0.05) between treatments numbers of weaned piglets per sow (9.95, 9.80, and 9.80) were not affected by treatments (P > 0.05).In conclusion, the substitution of virgin vegetable oil for recycled vegetable oil in the diet does not affect the productive performance of lactating sows. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactating" title="lactating">lactating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sow" title=" sow"> sow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetable" title=" vegetable"> vegetable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil" title=" oil"> oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142975/use-of-recycled-vegetable-oil-in-the-diet-of-lactating-sows" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Safety Evaluation of Intramuscular Administration of Zuprevo® Compared to Draxxin® in the Treatment of Swine Respiratory Disease at Weaning Age</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josine%20Beek">Josine Beek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Agten"> S. Agten</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Del%20Pozo"> R. Del Pozo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Balis"> B. Balis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of the present study was to compare the safety of intramuscular administration of Zuprevo® (tildipirosin, 40 mg/mL) with Draxxin® (tulathromycin, 100 mg/mL) in the treatment of swine respiratory disease at weaning age. The trial was carried out in two farrow-to-finish farms with 300 sows (farm A) and 500 sows (farm B) in a batch-production system. Farm A had no history of respiratory problems, whereas farm B had a history of respiratory outbreaks with increased mortality ( > 2%) in the nursery. Both farms were positive to Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Haemophilus parasuis. From each farm, one batch of piglets was included (farm A: 644 piglets; farm B: 963 piglets). One day before weaning (day 0; 18-21 days of age), piglets were identified by an individual ear tag and randomly assigned to a treatment group. At day 0, Group 1 was treated with a single intramuscular injection with Zuprevo® (tildipirosin, 40 mg/mL; 1 mL/10 kg) and group 2 with Draxxin® (tulathromycin, 100 mg/mL; 1 mL/40 kg). For practical reasons, dosage of the product was adjusted according to three weight categories: < 4 kg, 4-6 kg and > 6 kg. Within each farm, piglets of both groups were comingled at weaning and subsequently managed and located in the same facilities and with identical environmental conditions. Our study involved the period from day 0 until 10 weeks of age. Safety of treatment was evaluated by 1) visual examination for signs of discomfort directly after treatment and after 15 min, 1 h and 24 h and 2) mortality rate within 24 h after treatment. Efficacy of treatment was evaluated based on mortality rate from day 0 until 10 weeks of age. Each piglet that died during the study period was necropsied by the herd veterinarian to determine the probable cause of death. Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression and differences were considered significant if p < 0.05. The pig was the experimental unit. In total, 848 piglets were treated with tildipirosin and 759 piglets with tulathromycin. In farm A, one piglet with retarded growth ( < 1 kg at 18 days of age) showed an adverse reaction after injection of tildipirosin: lateral recumbence and dullness for ± 30 sec. The piglet recovered after 1-2 min. This adverse reaction was probably due to overdosing (12 mg/kg). No adverse effect of treatment was observed in any other piglet. There was no mortality within 24 h after treatment. No significant difference was found in mortality rate between both groups from day 0 until 10 weeks of age. In farm A, overall mortality rate was 0.3% (2/644). In farm B, mortality rate was 0.2% (1/502) in group 1 (tildipirosin) and 0.9% (4/461) in group 2 (tulathromycin)(p=0.60). The necropsy of piglets that died during the study period revealed no macroscopic lesions of the respiratory tract. In conclusion, Zuprevo® (tildipirosin, 40 mg/mL) was shown to be a safe and efficacious alternative to Draxxin® (tulathromycin, 100 mg/mL) for the early treatment of swine respiratory disease at weaning age. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic%20treatment" title="antibiotic treatment">antibiotic treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety" title=" safety"> safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swine%20respiratory%20disease" title=" swine respiratory disease"> swine respiratory disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tildipirosin" title=" tildipirosin"> tildipirosin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33364/safety-evaluation-of-intramuscular-administration-of-zuprevo-compared-to-draxxin-in-the-treatment-of-swine-respiratory-disease-at-weaning-age" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33364.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Productive Performance of Lactating Sows Feed with Cull Chickpea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Uriarte">J. M. Uriarte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20R.%20Guemez"> H. R. Guemez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20A.%20Romo"> J. A. Romo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Barajas"> R. Barajas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Romo"> J. M. Romo </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research was carried out with the objective of knowing the productive performance of sows in lactation when fed with diets containing cull chickpea instead of corn and soybean meal. Thirty-six (Landrace x Yorkshire) lactating sows were divided into three treatments with 12 sows per treatment. On day 107 of gestation, sows were moved into farrowing crates in an environmentally regulated (2.2 × 0.6 m) contained an area (2.2 × 0.5 m) for newborn pigs on each side, all diets were provided as a dry powder, and the sows received free access to water throughout the experimental period. After farrowing, daily feed allowance increased gradually, and sows had ad libitum access to feed by day four. They were fed diets containing 0 (CONT), cull chickpeas 15 % (CHP15), or cull chickpeas 30% (CHP30) for 28 days. The diets contained the same calculated levels of crude protein and metabolizable energy, and contained vitamins and minerals that exceeded the National Research Council (1998) recommendations; sows were fed three times daily. On day 28, piglets were weaned and performances of lactating sows and nursery piglets were recorded. All data in this experiment were analyzed in accordance with a completely randomized design. Results indicated that average daily feed intake (5.61, 5.59 and 5.46 kg for CONT, CHP15, and CHP30 respectively) of sows were not affected (P > 0.05) by different dietary. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in average body weight of piglets on the day of birth (1.35 vs. 1.30, and 1.32 kg) and day 28 (7.10, 6.80 and 6.92 kg) between treatments. The numbers of weaned piglets (10.65 on average) were not affected by treatments. It is concluded that the use of cull chickpea at 30% of the diet does not affect the productive performance of lactating sows. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cull%20chickpea" title="cull chickpea">cull chickpea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactating%20sow" title=" lactating sow"> lactating sow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pigs" title=" pigs"> pigs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115428/productive-performance-of-lactating-sows-feed-with-cull-chickpea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effects of Turmeric Oleoresin, Capsicum Oleoresin and Garlic Essential Oil against Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Hyung%20Lee">Jun Hyung Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robin%20B.%20Guevarra"> Robin B. Guevarra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Ho%20Cho"> Jin Ho Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo-Ra%20Kim"> Bo-Ra Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiwon%20Shin"> Jiwon Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doo%20Wan%20Kim"> Doo Wan Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Hwa%20Kim"> Young Hwa Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minho%20Song"> Minho Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyeun%20Bum%20Kim"> Hyeun Bum Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Colibacillosis is one of the major health problems in young piglets ultimately resulting in their death, and it is common especially in young piglets. For the swine industry, colibacillosis is one of the important economic burdens. Therefore, it is necessary for the swine industries to prevent Colibacillosis in piglets in order to reduce economic losses. Thus, we tested three types of natural plant extracts (PEs) to evaluate antibacterial effects against Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolated from the piglet. Three PEs including turmeric oleoresin (containing curcumin 79 to 85%), capsicum oleoresin (containing capsaicin 40%-40.1%), and garlic essential oil (100% natural garlic) were tested using the direct contact agar diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentration test, growth curve assay, and heat stability test. The tests were conducted with PEs at each concentration of 2.5%, 5%, and 10%. For the heat stability test, PEs with 10% concentration were incubated at each 4, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 °C for 1 hour, then the direct contact agar diffusion test was used. For the positive and negative controls, 0.5N HCl and 1XPBS were used. All the experiments were duplicated. In the direct contact agar diffusion test, garlic essential oil with 2.5%, 5%, and 10% concentration showed inhibit zones of 1.1cm, 3.0cm, and 3.6 cm in diameters compared to that of 3.5cm diameter for 0.5N HCl. The minimum inhibited concentration of garlic essential oil was 2.5%. Growth curve assay showed that the garlic essential oil was able to inhibit STEC growth significantly after 4 hours. The garlic essential oil retained the ability to inhibit STEC growth after heat treatment at each temperature. However, turmeric and capsicum oleoresins were not able to significantly inhibit STEC growth by all the tests. Even though further tests using the piglets will be required to evaluate effects of garlic essential oil for the Colibacillosis prevention for piglets, our results showed that the garlic essential oil could be used as a potential natural agent to prevent Colibacillosis in swine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garlic%20essential%20oil" title="garlic essential oil">garlic essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pig" title=" pig"> pig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colibacillosis" title=" Colibacillosis"> Colibacillosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Escherichia%20coli" title=" Escherichia coli"> Escherichia coli</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87274/evaluation-of-the-antibacterial-effects-of-turmeric-oleoresin-capsicum-oleoresin-and-garlic-essential-oil-against-shiga-toxin-producing-escherichia-coli" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87274.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Antiviral Activity of Interleukin-11 in Response to Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Yuchen">Li Yuchen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wu%20Qingxin"> Wu Qingxin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Yuxing"> Jin Yuxing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Qian"> Yang Qian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interleukin-11 (IL-11), a well-known anti-inflammatory factor, helps to protect against intestinal epithelium damage caused by physical or chemical factors. However, little is known about the role of IL-11 during viral infection. Herein, high mRNA and protein levels of IL-11 were found in epithelial cells and jejunum of piglets during porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection, and IL-11 expression was positively correlated with the level of viral infection. Pretreatment with recombinant porcine IL-11 (pIL-11) suppressed PEDV replication in Vero E6 cells, while IL-11 knockdown promoted viral infection. Furthermore, pIL-11 inhibited viral infection by preventing PEDV-mediated apoptosis of cells through activating the IL-11/STAT3 signal pathway. Conversely, application of a STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitor significantly antagonized the anti-apoptosis function of pIL-11 and counteracted its inhibition of PEDV. Our data suggested that that IL-11 is a novel PEDV-inducible cytokine, and its production enhances the anti-apoptosis ability of epithelial cells against PEDV infection. The potential uses of IL-11 as a novel therapeutic against devastating viral diarrhea in piglets deserves more attention and study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Interleukin-11" title=" Interleukin-11"> Interleukin-11</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Porcine%20epidemic%20diarrhea%20virus" title=" Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus"> Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STAT3" title=" STAT3"> STAT3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-apoptosis" title=" anti-apoptosis"> anti-apoptosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129065/antiviral-activity-of-interleukin-11-in-response-to-porcine-epidemic-diarrhea-virus-infection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Probiotics as an Alternative to Antibiotic Use in Pig Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20C.%20Dlamini">Z. C. Dlamini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20L.%20S.%20Langa"> R. L. S. Langa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20I.%20Okoh"> A. I. Okoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20A.%20Aiyegoro"> O. A. Aiyegoro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The indiscriminate usage of antibiotics in swine production have consequential outcomes; such as development of bacterial resistance to prophylactic antibiotics and possibility of antibiotic residues in animal products. The use of probiotics appears to be the most effective procedure with positive metabolic nutritional implications. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus reuteri ZJ625, Lactobacillus reuteri VB4, Lactobacillus salivarius ZJ614 and Streptococcus salivarius NBRC13956) administered as direct-fed microorganisms in weaned piglets. 45 weaned piglets blocked by weight were dived into 5 treatments groups: diet with antibiotic, diet with no-antibiotic and no probiotic, and diet with probiotic and diet with combination of probiotics. Piglets performance was monitored during the trials. Faecal and Ileum samples were collected for microbial count analysis. Blood samples were collected from pigs at the end of the trial, for analysis of haematological, biochemical and IgG stimulation. The data was analysed by Split-Plot ANOVA using SAS statistically software (SAS 9.3) (2003). The difference was observed between treatments for daily weight and feed conversion ratio. No difference was observed in analysis of faecal samples in regards with bacterial counts, difference was observed in ileums samples with enteric bacteria colony forming unit being lower in P2 treatment group as compared with lactic acid and total bacteria. With exception of globulin and albumin, biochemistry blood parameters were not affected, likewise for haematology, only basophils and segmented neutrophils were differed by having higher concentration in NC treatment group as compared with other treatment groups. Moreover, in IgG stimulation analysis, difference was also observed, with P2 treatment group having high concentration of IgG in P2 treatment group as compared to other groups. The results of this study suggest that probiotics have a beneficial effect on growth performances, blood parameters and IgG stimulation of pigs, most effective when they are administered in synergy form. This means that it is most likely that these probiotics will offer a significant benefit in pig farming by reducing risk of morbidity and mortality and produce quality meat that is more affordable to poorer communities, and thereby enhance South African pig industry’s economy. In addition, these results indicate that there is still more research need to be done on probiotics in regards with, i.e. dosage, shelf life and mechanism of action. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotics" title="antibiotics">antibiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemistry" title=" biochemistry"> biochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=haematology" title=" haematology"> haematology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IgG-stimulation" title=" IgG-stimulation"> IgG-stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20count" title=" microbial count"> microbial count</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotics" title=" probiotics"> probiotics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62029/probiotics-as-an-alternative-to-antibiotic-use-in-pig-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> The Modulation of Health and Inflammatory Status in Young Pigs by Grape Waste Enriched in Polyphenols</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gina%20Cecilia%20Pistol">Gina Cecilia Pistol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loredana%20Calin"> Loredana Calin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariana%20%20Stancu"> Mariana Stancu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veronica%20Chedea"> Veronica Chedea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ionelia%20Taranu"> Ionelia Taranu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inflammatory-associated diseases have an increased trend in the past decades. The pharmacological strategies aimed to treat these inflammatory diseases are very expensive and with non-beneficial results. The current trend is to find alternative strategies to counteract or to control inflammatory component of diseases. The grape by-products either seeds or pomace are rich in bioactive compounds (e.g. polyphenols) which may be beneficial in prevention of inflammation associated with cancer progression and other pathologies with inflammatory component. The in vivo models are very useful for studying the immune and inflammatory status. The domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) is related to human from anatomic and physiologic point of view, representing a feasible model for studying the human inflammatory pathologies. Starting from these data, we evaluated the effect of a diet containing 5% grape seed cakes (GS) on piglets blood biochemical parameters and immune pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1 beta, IL-8, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma, IL-10, IL-4) in spleen and lymph nodes. 12 weaned piglets were fed for 30 days with a control diet or an experimental diet containing 5% GS. At the end of trial, plasma and tissue samples (spleen and lymph nodes) were collected and the biochemical and inflammatory markers were analysed by using biochemistry analyser and ELISA techniques. Our results showed that diet included 5% GS did not influence the health status determined by plasma biochemical parameters. Only a tendency for a slight increase of the biochemical parameters associated with energetic profile (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides) was observed. Also, GS diet had no effect on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines content in spleen and lymph nodes tissue. Further experiments are needed in order to investigate other rate of dietary inclusion which could provide more evidence about the effect of grape bioactive compounds on pigs used as animal model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20model" title="animal model">animal model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammation" title=" inflammation"> inflammation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grape%20seed%20by-product" title=" grape seed by-product"> grape seed by-product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20organs" title=" immune organs"> immune organs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67595/the-modulation-of-health-and-inflammatory-status-in-young-pigs-by-grape-waste-enriched-in-polyphenols" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> The Effects of Grape Waste Bioactive Compounds on the Immune Response and Oxidative Stress in Pig Kidney</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mihai%20Palade">Mihai Palade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gina%20Cecilia%20Pistol"> Gina Cecilia Pistol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariana%20%20Stancu"> Mariana Stancu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veronica%20Chedea"> Veronica Chedea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ionelia%20Taranu"> Ionelia Taranu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nutrition is an important determinant of general health status, with especially focus on prevention and/or attenuation of the inflammatory-associated pathologies. People with chronic kidney disease can experience chronic inflammation that can lead to cardiovascular disease and even an increased rate of death. There are important links between chronic kidney diseases, inflammation and nutritional strategies that may prevent or protect against undesirable inflammation and oxidative stress. The grape by-products either seeds or pomace are rich in polyphenols which may be beneficial in prevention of inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial processes. As a model for studying the impact of grape seeds on renal inflammation and oxidative stress, we used in this study weaned piglets. After a feeding trial of 30 days with a control diet and an experimental diet containing 5% grape seed (GS), kidney samples were collected. In renal tissues were determined the expression and activity of important markers of immune respose and oxidative stress: pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-gamma), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10), anti-oxidant enzymes (catalase CAT, superoxide dismutase SOD, glutathione peroxidise GPx) and important mediators belonging to nuclear receptors (NF-kB1, Nrf-2 and PPAR-gamma). Gene expression was evaluated by qPCR, whereas protein concentration was determined using proteomic techniques (ELISA). The activity of anti-oxidant enzymes was determined using specific kits. Our results showed that GS enriched in polyphenols does not have effect on TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1 beta gene expression and protein concentration in kidney. By contrast, the gene expression and protein level of IL-8 and IFN-gamma were decreased in GS kidney. Anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 gene levels were increased in kidneys collected from GS piglets in comparison with controls, with no modification of protein levels between the two groups. The activities of anti-oxidant enzymes CAT and GPx were increased in kidney by GS, whereas SOD activity was unmodified in comparison with control samples. Also, the GS diet was associated with no modulation of mRNAs for nuclear receptors NF-kB1, Nrf-2 and PPAR-gamma gene expressions in kidneys. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that GS enriched in bioactive compounds such polyphenols could modulate inflammation and oxidative stress markers in kidney tissues. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism of action of GS compounds in case kidney inflammation associated with oxidative stress, and signalling molecules involved in these mechanisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20model" title="animal model">animal model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kidney%20inflammation" title=" kidney inflammation"> kidney inflammation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidative%20stress" title=" oxidative stress"> oxidative stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grape%20seed" title=" grape seed"> grape seed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67598/the-effects-of-grape-waste-bioactive-compounds-on-the-immune-response-and-oxidative-stress-in-pig-kidney" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Pneumoperitoneum Creation Assisted with Optical Coherence Tomography and Automatic Identification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20Yi-Hsiu%20Huang">Eric Yi-Hsiu Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng-Chun%20Kao"> Meng-Chun Kao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Chuan%20Kuo"> Wen-Chuan Kuo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For every laparoscopic surgery, a safe pneumoperitoneumcreation (gaining access to the peritoneal cavity) is the first and essential step. However, closed pneumoperitoneum is usually obtained by blind insertion of a Veress needle into the peritoneal cavity, which may carry potential risks suchas bowel and vascular injury.Until now, there remains no definite measure to visually confirm the position of the needle tip inside the peritoneal cavity. Therefore, this study established an image-guided Veress needle method by combining a fiber probe with optical coherence tomography (OCT). An algorithm was also proposed for determining the exact location of the needle tip through the acquisition of OCT images. Our method not only generates a series of “live” two-dimensional (2D) images during the needle puncture toward the peritoneal cavity but also can eliminate operator variation in image judgment, thus improving peritoneal access safety. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Taipei Veterans General Hospital (Taipei VGH IACUC 2020-144). A total of 2400 in vivo OCT images, independent of each other, were acquired from experiments of forty peritoneal punctures on two piglets. Characteristic OCT image patterns could be observed during the puncturing process. The ROC curve demonstrates the discrimination capability of these quantitative image features of the classifier, showing the accuracy of the classifier for determining the inside vs. outside of the peritoneal was 98% (AUC=0.98). In summary, the present study demonstrates the ability of the combination of our proposed automatic identification method and OCT imaging for automatically and objectively identifying the location of the needle tip. OCT images translate the blind closed technique of peritoneal access into a visualized procedure, thus improving peritoneal access safety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pneumoperitoneum" title="pneumoperitoneum">pneumoperitoneum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20coherence%20tomography" title=" optical coherence tomography"> optical coherence tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20identification" title=" automatic identification"> automatic identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=veress%20needle" title=" veress needle"> veress needle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149622/pneumoperitoneum-creation-assisted-with-optical-coherence-tomography-and-automatic-identification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149622.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> The Evaluation of Adjuvant Effects of CD154 in a Subunit Vaccine against Classical Swine Fever Virus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Chieh%20Chen">Yu-Chieh Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-Yun%20Wang"> Li-Yun Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi-Chih%20Chen"> Chi-Chih Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huy%20H%C3%B9ng%20%C4%90%C3%A0o"> Huy Hùng Đào</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ya-Mei%20Chen"> Ya-Mei Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming-Chu%20Cheng"> Ming-Chu Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Bin%20Chung"> Wen-Bin Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hso-Chi%20Chaung"> Hso-Chi Chaung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guan-Ming%20Ke"> Guan-Ming Ke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many recent researches have demonstrated that CD154, a protein primarily expressed on activated T cell molecules, has potentially acted as a molecular adjuvant to improve the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines against viral infections. Classical swine fever (CSF) affects the swine industry worldwide that is one of the most devastating and highly contagious pig diseases. It is listed by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) as an infectious animal disease that must be reported. Although pigs vaccinated with subunit vaccines can be differentially diagnosed from those infected animals, subunit vaccines usually need adjuvants to enhance and elicit immune responses. In this study, CD154 was linked with CSFV E2 sequences and then expressed in CHO cells to produce the fusion protein as E2-CD154. The porcine specific CpG adjuvant was also used in one of the formulations. The specific pathogen-free pigs (SPF) at the age of 4-week-old were randomly separated into four groups, vaccinated with E2-CpG, E2-CD154, E2-CD154-CpG or the commercial Bayovac® CSF-E2 vaccine and boosted two weeks after primary vaccination. The results showed that the percentages of CD4+ and CD4+IL2+ in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in E2-CD154 vaccinated piglets seven days after primary vaccination were gained by 1-5% relative to the control group. In addition, the percentages of CD4+IFNγ+ T cells had slightly edged up 0.1-0.3% compared with the control group. Also, increased E2-specific IFNγ levels had edged up CD4+CD8+ T cells found in E2-CD154 and E2-CD154-CpG groups, particularly in the E2-CD154-CpG group. These results implicate that CD154 may enhance cellular immunity and synergistically act with species-specific CpG adjuvant as a dual-phase adjuvant. Therefore, the CD154 may be beneficial as a promising adjuvant in subunit vaccines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CD154" title="CD154">CD154</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CpG%20adjuvant" title=" CpG adjuvant"> CpG adjuvant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20immunity" title=" cellular immunity"> cellular immunity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subunit%20vaccine" title=" subunit vaccine"> subunit vaccine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pig" title=" pig"> pig</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177660/the-evaluation-of-adjuvant-effects-of-cd154-in-a-subunit-vaccine-against-classical-swine-fever-virus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Changed Behavior of the Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus (Betacoronavirus) in Respiratory Epithelial Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ateeqa%20Aslam">Ateeqa Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hans%20J.%20Nauwynck"> Hans J. Nauwynck</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is a betacoronavirus that has been studied in the past as a cause of vomiting and wasting disease (VWD) in young piglets (<3 weeks). Nowadays, the virus is still circulating on most farms in Belgium, but there are no descriptions anymore of VWD. Therefore, we are interested in differences between the old and new strains. We compared the replication kinetics of the old well-studied strain VW572 (1972) and the recent isolate P412 (2020) in a susceptible continuous cell line (RPD cells) and in primary porcine respiratory epithelial cells (PoRECs). The RPD cell line was inoculated with each PHEV strain at an m.o.i. of 1 the supernatant was collected, and the cells were fixed at different time points post-inoculation. The supernatant was titrated (extracellular virus titer), and the infected cells were revealed by immunofluorescence staining and quantitated by fluorescence microscopy. We found that VW572 replicated better in the RPD cell line at earlier time points when compared to P412. Porcine respiratory epithelial cells (PoREC) were isolated, grown at air-liquid interphase in transwells and inoculated with both strains of PHEV at a virus titer of 106.6TCID50 per 200 µl either at the apical side or at the basal side of the cells. At different time points after inoculation, the transwells were fixed and stained for infected cells. VW572 preferentially infected the epithelial cells via the basolateral side of porcine nasal epithelial cells, whereas P412 preferred the apical side. These findings suggest that there has been an evolution of PHEV in its interaction with the respiratory epithelial cells. In the future, more virus strains will be enclosed and the tropism of the strains for different neuronal cell types will be examined for the change in virus neurotropism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porcine%20hemagglutinating%20encephalomyelitis%20virus%20%28PHEV%29" title="porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV)">porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20porcine%20respiratory%20epithelial%20cells%20%28PoRECs%29" title=" primary porcine respiratory epithelial cells (PoRECs)"> primary porcine respiratory epithelial cells (PoRECs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virus%20tropism" title=" virus tropism"> virus tropism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vomiting%20and%20wasting%20disease%20%28VWD%29" title=" vomiting and wasting disease (VWD)"> vomiting and wasting disease (VWD)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186511/changed-behavior-of-the-porcine-hemagglutinating-encephalomyelitis-virus-betacoronavirus-in-respiratory-epithelial-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186511.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> The Characteristics of Porcine Immune Synapse via Flow Cytometry and Transmission Electron Microscope </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ann%20Ying-An%20Chen">Ann Ying-An Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Lun%20Tsai"> Yi-Lun Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hso-Chi%20Chaung"> Hso-Chi Chaung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An understanding of pathogens and the immune system has played an utmost important role in agricultural research for the development of vaccinations. The immunological synapse, cell to cell interaction play a crucial role in triggering the body's immune system, such as activation between antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and different subsets of T-cell. If these interactions are regulated appropriately, the host has the ability to defend itself against a wide spectrum of infectious pathogens. The aim of this study is to establish and to characterize a porcine immune synapse system by co-culturing T cell/APC. In this study, blood samples were collected from specific-pathogen-free piglets, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were separated by using Ficoll-Pague. The PBMC were then stained with CD4 (FITC) and CD25 (PE) antibodies. Different subsets of T cells sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting flow cytometer were co-cultured for 24 hrs with alveolar macrophages, and the profiles of cytokine secretion and mRNA transcription levels of Toll-like receptors were examined after. Results showed that the three stages of immune synapse were clearly visible and identified under both transmission and scanning electron microscope (TEM and SEM). The significant interaction differences in toll-like receptor expressions within the co-cultured cell system were observed. The TLR7 mRNA expressions in CD4+CD25- cells were lower than those in CD4+CD25+ and CD4 -CD25+. Interestingly, the IL-10 production levels in CD4+CD25- cells (7.732 pg/mL) were significantly higher than those of CD4+CD25+ (2.636 pg/mL) and CD4 -CD25+ (2.48 pg/mL). These findings demonstrated that a clear understanding of the porcine immune synapse system can contribute greatly for further investigations on the mechanism of T-cell activation, which can benefit in the discovery of potential adjuvant candidate or effective antigen epitopes in the development of vaccinations with high efficacy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antigen-presenting%20cells" title="antigen-presenting cells">antigen-presenting cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20synapse" title=" immune synapse"> immune synapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pig" title=" pig"> pig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T%20subsets" title=" T subsets"> T subsets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toll-like%20receptor" title=" toll-like receptor"> toll-like receptor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108303/the-characteristics-of-porcine-immune-synapse-via-flow-cytometry-and-transmission-electron-microscope" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effects of Turmeric Oleoresin, Capsicum Oleoresin and Garlic Essential Oil against Salmonella enterica Typhimurium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Hyung%20Lee">Jun Hyung Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robin%20B.%20Guevarra"> Robin B. Guevarra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Ho%20Cho"> Jin Ho Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo-Ra%20Kim"> Bo-Ra Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiwon%20Shin"> Jiwon Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doo%20Wan%20Kim"> Doo Wan Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Hwa%20Kim"> Young Hwa Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minho%20Song"> Minho Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyeun%20Bum%20Kim"> Hyeun Bum Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Salmonella is one of the most important swine pathogens, causing acute or chronic digestive diseases, such as enteritis. The acute form of enteritis is common in young pigs of 2-4 months of age. Salmonellosis in swine causes a huge economic burden to swine industry by reducing production. Therefore, it is necessary that swine industries should strive to decrease Salmonellosis in pigs in order to reduce economic losses. Thus, we tested three types of natural plant extracts(PEs) to evaluate antibacterial effects against Salmonella enterica Typhimurium isolated from the piglet with Salmonellosis. Three PEs including turmeric oleoresin (containing curcumin 79 to 85%), capsicum oleoresin (containing capsaicin 40%-40.1%), and garlic essential oil (100% natural garlic) were tested using the direct contact agar diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentration test, growth curve assay, and heat stability test. The tests were conducted with PEs at each concentration of 2.5%, 5%, and 10%. For the heat stability test, PEs with 10% concentration were incubated at each 4, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 °C for 1 hour; then the direct contact agar diffusion test was used. For the positive and negative controls, 0.5N HCl and 1XPBS were used. All the experiments were duplicated. In the direct contact agar diffusion test, garlic essential oil with 2.5%, 5%, and 10% concentration showed inhibit zones of 1.5cm, 2.7cm, and 2.8cm diameters compared to that of 3.5cm diameter for 0.5N HCl. The minimum inhibited concentration of garlic essential oil was 2.5%. Growth curve assay showed that the garlic essential oil was able to inhibit Salmonella growth significantly after 4hours. The garlic essential oil retained the ability to inhibit Salmonella growth after heat treatment at each temperature. However, turmeric and capsicum oleoresins were not able to significantly inhibit Salmonella growth by all the tests. Even though further in-vivo tests will be needed to verify effects of garlic essential oil for the Salmonellosis prevention for piglets, our results showed that the garlic essential oil could be used as a potential natural agent to prevent Salmonellosis in swine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garlic%20essential%20oil" title="garlic essential oil">garlic essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pig" title=" pig"> pig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salmonellosis" title=" salmonellosis"> salmonellosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salmonella%20enterica" title=" Salmonella enterica"> Salmonella enterica</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87288/evaluation-of-the-antibacterial-effects-of-turmeric-oleoresin-capsicum-oleoresin-and-garlic-essential-oil-against-salmonella-enterica-typhimurium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87288.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Characterization of Practices among Pig Smallholders in Cambodia and Implications for Disease Risk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phalla%20Miech">Phalla Miech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Leung"> William Leung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ty%20Chhay"> Ty Chhay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sina%20Vor"> Sina Vor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arata%20Hidano"> Arata Hidano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Smallholder pig farms (SPFs) are prevalent in Cambodia but are vulnerable to disease impacts, as evidenced by the recent incursion of African swine fever into the region. As part of the ‘PigFluCam+’ project, we sought to provide an updated picture of pig husbandry and biosecurity practices among SPFs in south-central Cambodia. A multi-stage sampling design was adopted to select study districts and villages within four provinces: Phnom Penh, Kandal, Takeo, and Kampong Speu. Structured interviews were conductedbetween October 2020 - May 2021 among all consenting households keeping pigs in 16 target villages. Recruited SPFs (n=176) kept 6.8 pigs on average (s.d.=7.7), with most (88%) keeping cross-bred varieties of sows (77%), growers/finishers (39%), piglets/weaners (22%), and few keeping boars (5%). Chickens (83%) and waterfowl (56%) were commonly raised and could usually contact pigs directly (79%). Pigs were the primary source of household income for 28% of participants. While pigs tended to be housed individually (40%) or in groups (33%), 13% kept pigs free-ranging/tethered. Pigs were commonly fed agricultural by-products (80%), commercial feed (60%), and, notably, household waste (59%). Under half of SPFs vaccinated their pigs (e.g., against classical swine fever, Aujesky’s, and pasteurellosis, although the target disease was often unknown). Among 20 SPFs who experienced pig morbidities/mortalities within the past 6 months, only 3 (15%) reported to animal health workers, and disease etiology was rarely known. Common biosecurity measures included nets covering pig pens (62%) and restricting access to the site/pens (46%). Boot dips (0.6%) and PPE (1.2%) were rarely used. Pig smallholdings remain an important contributor to rural livelihoods. Current practices and biosecurity challenges increase risk pathways for a range of disease threats of both local and global concern. Ethnographic studies are needed to better understand local determinants and develop context-appropriate strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smallholder%20production" title="smallholder production">smallholder production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swine" title=" swine"> swine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosecurity%20practices" title=" biosecurity practices"> biosecurity practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cambodia" title=" Cambodia"> Cambodia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20swine%20fever" title=" African swine fever"> African swine fever</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160825/characterization-of-practices-among-pig-smallholders-in-cambodia-and-implications-for-disease-risk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160825.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Use of Pig as an Animal Model for Assessing the Differential MicroRNA Profiling in Kidney after Aristolochic Acid Intoxication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniela%20E.%20Marin">Daniela E. Marin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cornelia%20Braicu"> Cornelia Braicu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gina%20C.%20Pistol"> Gina C. Pistol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roxana%20Cojocneanu-Petric"> Roxana Cojocneanu-Petric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ioana%20Berindan%20Neagoe"> Ioana Berindan Neagoe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mihail%20A.%20Gras"> Mihail A. Gras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ionelia%20Taranu"> Ionelia Taranu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aristolochic acid (AA) is a carcinogenic, mutagenic, and nephrotoxic compound commonly found in the Aristolochiaceae family of plants. AA is frequently associated with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract in human and animals and is considered as being responsible for Balkan Endemic Nephropathy. The pig provides a good animal model because the porcine urological system is very similar to that of humans, both in aspects of physiology and anatomy. MicroRNA (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs that have an impact on a wide range of biological processes by regulating gene expression at post-transcriptional level. The objective of this study was to analyze the miRNA profiling in the kidneys of AA intoxicated swine. For this purpose, ten TOPIGS-40 crossbred weaned piglets, 4-week-old, male and females with an initial average body weight of 9.83 ± 0.5 kg were studied for 28 days. They were given ad libitum access to water and feed and randomly allotted to one of the following groups: control group (C) or aristolochic acid group (AA). They were fed a maize-soybean-meal-based diet contaminated or not with 0.25mgAA/kg. To profile miRNA in the kidneys of pigs, microarrays and bioinformatics approaches were applied to analyze the miRNA in the kidney of control and AA intoxicated pigs. After normalization, our results have shown that a total of 5 known miRNAs and 4 novel miRNAs had different profiling in the kidney of intoxicated animals versus control ones. Expression of miR-32-5p, miR-497-5p, miR-423-3p, miR-218-5p, miR-128-3p were up-regulated by 0.25mgAA/kg feed, while the expression of miR-9793-5p, miR-9835-3p, miR-9840-3p, miR-4334-5p was down-regulated. The microRNA profiling in kidney of intoxicated animals was associated with modified expression of target genes as: RICTOR, LASP1, SFRP2, DKK2, BMI1, RAF1, IGF1R, MAP2K1, WEE1, HDGF, BCL2, EIF4E etc, involved in cell division cycle, apoptosis, cell differentiation and cell migration, cell signaling, cancer etc. In conclusion, this study provides new data concerning the microRNA profiling in kidney after aristolochic acid intoxications with important implications for human and animal health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aristolochic%20acid" title="aristolochic acid">aristolochic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kidney" title=" kidney"> kidney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microRNA" title=" microRNA"> microRNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swine" title=" swine"> swine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67527/use-of-pig-as-an-animal-model-for-assessing-the-differential-microrna-profiling-in-kidney-after-aristolochic-acid-intoxication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th 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