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静电放电-静电放电原理-静电放电分类-静电放电的应用-什么是静电放电-百科-CK365测控网

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <title>静电放电-静电放电原理-静电放电分类-静电放电的应用-什么是静电放电-百科-CK365测控网</title> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="IE=9,IE=10,IE=edge,chrome=1"/> <meta name="generator" content="DONNY B2B - "/> <meta name="keyword" content="静电放电,静电放电,电子/通信测量,电子测试" /> <meta name="description" content="静电放电(Electrostatic Discharge)是指具有不同静电电位的物体互相靠近或直接接触引起的电荷转移。" /> <meta http-equiv="mobile-agent" content="format=xhtml; url=http://m.ck365.cn/baike/show.php?itemid=8383"> <meta http-equiv="mobile-agent" content="format=html5; url=http://m.ck365.cn/baike/show.php?itemid=8383"> <meta name="robots" content="all" /> <meta name="googlebot" content="all" /> <meta name="baiduspider" content="all" /> <link rel="archives" title="CK365测控网" href="http://www.ck365.cn/archiver/"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://www.ck365.cn/static/skin/default/style.css?time=20210501" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" 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L['choose_img'] = '选择图片'; L['image_cut'] = '图片裁剪'; L['width'] = '宽度'; L['height'] = '高度'; L['up_local'] = '本地图片'; L['up_remote'] = '网络图片'; L['type_imgurl'] = '请填写图片网址'; L['pleass_choose'] = '请选择'; L['pleass_fill_in'] = '请填写'; L['choose_file'] = '请选择文件'; L['choose_files'] = '选择文件'; L['choose_item'] = '选择信息'; L['choose_vote'] = '选择投票'; L['dialog_user'] = '会员{V0}资料'; L['dialog_admin'] = '管理员{V0}资料'; L['empty_img'] = '不可预览,图片地址为空'; L['empty_img_del'] = '图片地址为空'; L['confirm_del'] = '确定要删除吗?此操作将不可撤销'; L['file_img_del'] = '是否同时删除服务器中的文件'; L['type_category'] = '请输入分类名称或简称,例如:计算机'; L['related_found'] = '为您找到以下相关分类,请选择:'; L['related_not_found'] = '未找到相关分类,请调整名称'; L['type_valid_filepath'] = '请输入正确的文件路径'; L['wysiwyg_mode'] = '请切换到设计模式'; L['str_captcha'] = '点击显示'; L['str_delete'] = '删除'; L['more_open'] = '展开'; L['more_close'] = '收起'; L['browser_unfavorite'] = '浏览器不支持,请您手动添加!Ctrl+D'; L['dialog_close'] = '关闭[快捷键Esc]'; L['tpl_add'] = '新建模板'; L['tpl_edit'] = '修改模板'; L['loading'] = '请稍候...'; L['album_upload_limit'] = '您所在的会员组每条信息最多上传 {V0} 张相册图片'; L['resize_system'] = '系统裁剪'; L['resize_manual'] = '手动裁剪'; L['image_frist'] = '第一页'; L['image_last'] = '最后一页'; L['file_choose'] = '浏览文件'; L['file_not_select'] = '未选择文件'; L['system_reload'] = '加载中,请稍候...'; L['op_reason'] = '操作原因'; L['op_reason_null'] = '请填写操作原因'; L['choose_date'] = '选择日期'; L['date'] = '{V0}月{V1}日'; L['Week'] = '星期'; L['Sun'] = '日'; L['Mon'] = '一'; L['Tue'] = '二'; L['Wed'] = '三'; L['Thu'] = '四'; L['Fri'] = '五'; L['Sat'] = '六'; L['Months'] = ['一','二','三','四','五','六','七','八','九','十','十一','十二']; L['prev_year'] = '前一年'; L['next_year'] = '后一年'; L['prev_month'] = '上一月'; L['next_month'] = '下一月'; L['ca_year_msg'] = '可以直接填写年份,双击鼠标左键清空'; L['ca_tips_msg'] = '点击鼠标改变值(左键&uarr;,右键&darr;)'; L['ca_hour_msg'] = '可以直接填写小时,双击鼠标左键清空', L['ca_minute_msg'] = '可以直接填写分钟,双击鼠标左键清空', L['ca_second_msg'] = '可以直接填写秒数,双击鼠标左键清空', L['time_not_within'] = '所选时间不在范围内'; L['Day'] = '天'; L['Hour'] = '时'; L['Minute'] = '分'; L['Second'] = '秒'; L['Uploaded'] = '已上传'; L['Speed'] = '速度'; L['Residue'] = '剩余时间'; L['empty_user'] = '用户名不能为空'; L['empty_template'] = '模板内容为空'; L['empty_pass'] = '用户密码不能为空'; L['empty_dpass'] = '确认密码不能为空'; L['dpass_error'] = '两次输入的密码不一致'; L['empty_yzm'] = '验证码不能为空'; L['err_yzm'] = '验证码填写不正确'; L['member_truename_null'] = '真实姓名不能为空'; L['member_email_null'] = 'Email不能为空'; L['member_mobile_null'] = '移动电话不能为空'; L['member_telephone_null'] = '固定电话不能问空'; L['member_company_null'] = '单位名称不能为空'; L['member_area_null'] = '请选择所在地区'; L['username_null'] = '请填写用户名'; L['address_null'] = '请填写详细地址'; L['postcode_null'] = '请填写邮政编码'; L['truename_null'] = '请填写真实姓名'; L['mobile_null'] = '请填写手机号码'; L['telephone_null'] = '请填写电话号码'; L['max_mode'] = '最多可选{V0}种经营模式'; L['max_cate'] = '最多可添加{V0}个分类'; L['choose_category'] = '请选择分类'; L['category_chosen'] = '已添加过此分类'; L['baike_ckzl_name'] = '请填写参考资料的名称,可以是书籍、文献,或网站的名称。(必填)'; L['baike_ckzl_url'] = '请填写详细网址,以http://或https://开头'; L['baike_ckzl_name_null'] = '参考资料名称不能为空'; L['edit'] = '编辑'; L['delete'] = '删除'; L['fck_zoom'] = '点击增加高度 右击缩小高度'; L['zoom_out'] = '缩小高度'; L['zoom_in'] = '增加高度'; L['data_recovery'] = '数据恢复'; L['save_draft'] = '暂存草稿'; L['if_cover_data'] = '发现 {V0} 保存的数据,是否覆盖当前数据?'; L['no_data'] = '抱歉 未找到保存的数据'; L['at_least_10_letters'] = '请至少输入10个字,当前已输入{V0}字'; L['stop_auto_save'] = '系统会自动保存草稿,此操作将中止系统自动保存功能,确定要继续吗?'; L['draft_auto_saved'] = '{V0}点{V1}分{V2}秒 系统自动保存了草稿'; L['draft_saved'] = '草稿已保存'; L['stop_save'] = '关闭保存'; L['draft_save_stopped'] = '草稿保存已停止'; L['start_save'] = '开启保存'; L['upload_attach'] = '插入附件'; L['sell_compare_num'] = '对比的产品不能超过8款'; L['compare_sell_min'] = '您至少要选择2款产品'; L['sell_tip_delete'] = '移除该产品'; L['sell_compare'] = '参数对比'; L['compare_clear'] = '清空对比栏'; L['compare_close'] = '关闭对比栏'; L['tip_image'] = '提示:您的浏览器支持直接拖拽本地图片至编辑器或者直接Ctrl+C粘贴QQ截图里的图像,赶快试试吧!'; L['tip_know'] = '我知道了'; L['tip_zh_cn'] = '简'; L['tip_zh'] = '繁'; L['strips'] = '格式化'; L['tip_ifblank'] = '段前空格'; L['click_open'] = '点击打开原图'; L['keyword_value'] = '输入关键词'; L['keyword_message'] = '请输入关键词'; L['Sunday'] = '星期日'; L['Monday'] = '星期一'; L['Tuesday'] = '星期二'; L['Wednesday'] = '星期三'; L['Thursday'] = '星期四'; L['Friday'] = '星期五'; L['Saturday'] = '星期六'; L['show_date'] = '今天是 {V0}月{V1}日 {V2}'; L['close_letter'] = '收起'; L['last_page'] = '已至最后一页'; L['quote_value'] = '输入产品名'; L['iso_tips_video'] = '暂不支持此视频,请在电脑上观看'; L['popular_search_terms'] = '热门搜索:'; L['search_tips_close'] = '关闭'; L['max_mode'] = '最多可选{V0}种经营模式'; L['max_cate'] = '最多可添加{V0}个分类'; L['choose_category'] = '请选择分类'; L['category_chosen'] = '已添加过此分类'; L['click_side_close'] = '点击关闭侧栏'; L['click_side_open'] = '点击打开侧栏'; L['pless_input_username'] = '请输入用户登陆名'; L['pless_input_captcha'] = '请输入验证码'; L['pless_input_password'] = '请输入登陆密码'; L['status_lock_screen'] = '锁屏状态,请输入密码解锁'; L['password'] = '密码'; L['new_password_pass'] = '新登录密码最少6位,当前已输入{V0}位'; L['new_repeat_password_pass'] = '重复新密码与新登录密码不一致'; L['old_password_pass'] = '现有密码最少6位,当前已输入{V0}位'; L['mail_test_address'] = '请先输入一个接收测试邮件的邮件地址'; L['mail_password_decode'] = '密码已经加密,请重新输入密码测试'; L['template_name_sucess'] = '模板名修改成功'; L['admin_catdir_pass_'] = '请填写分类目录'; L['admin_catname_pass_'] = '请填写分类名称'; L['admim_catdir_pass'] = '请填写分类目录'; L['admin_cate_copy_formid_pass'] = '请选择来源模块'; L['admin_action_check'] = '此操作不可撤销,确定要执行吗?'; L['admin_fields_name_pass'] = '请填写字段'; L['admin_fields_title_pass'] = '请填写字段名称'; L['input_keyword'] = '请输入搜索关键词'; L['sync_sina'] = '同步到新浪微博'; L['sync_qq'] = '同步到腾讯微博'; L['sync_qzone'] = '同步到QQ空间'; L['sync_login_sina'] = '您还没有登录新浪微博或者登录已经失效,是否现在登录?'; L['sync_login_qq'] = '您还没有QQ登录或者QQ登录已经失效,是否现在登录?'; L['chat_msg_0'] = '对方已经中断了对话'; L['chat_msg_1'] = '对方拒绝与您对话'; L['chat_msg_2'] = '正在等待对方接受对话'; L['chat_msg_4'] = '对话超时 已自动断开'; L['chat_msg_5'] = '对话不存在或中断'; L['chat_word_pass'] = '发送内容不能为空,请输入'; L['chat_word_length'] = '最多输入{V0}字,当前已输入{V1}字'; L['chat_time_query'] = '您的发言过快,请稍后再发'; L['chat_word_max'] = '发送内容过长'; L['chat_send_error'] = '发送失败,请重试'; L['chat_touser_move'] = '对方离开了对话'; L['chat_new_title'] = '【新消息({V0})】'; L['chat_end_tips'] = 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<div class="intro">静电放电(Electrostatic Discharge)是指具有不同静电电位的物体互相靠近或直接接触引起的电荷转移。</div> <div id="content" class="content" style="padding:0 30px;"> <div class="content_topp"> <h3 bk="ck365_1">静电放电简介</h3> ESD是一种常见的近场危害源,可形成高电压,强电场,瞬时大电流,并伴有强电磁辐射,形成静电放电电磁脉冲。 <p>&middot; 电流 &gt;1A</p> <p>&middot;上升时间~15ns,衰减时间~150ns。</p> <h3 bk="ck365_1">静电的来源</h3> 在电子制造业中,静电的来源是多方面的,如人体、塑料制品、有关的仪器设备以及电子元器件本身。 <p>人体是最重要的静电源,这主要有三个方面的原因:</p> <p>1、人体接触面广,活动范围大,很容易与带有静电荷的物体接触或摩擦而带电,同时也有许多机会将人体自身所带的电荷转移到器件上或者通过器件放电;</p> <p>2、人体与大地之间的电容低,约为50一250pF,典型值为150PF,故少量的人体静电荷即可导致很高的静电势;</p> <p>3、人体的电阻较低,相当于良导体,如手到脚之间的电阻只有几百欧姆,手指产生的接触电阻为几千至几十千欧姆,故人体处于静电场中也容易感应起电,而且人体某一部分带电即可造成全身带电。</p> <h3 bk="ck365_1">静电放电形式</h3> 静电放电形式与带电体的几何形状、电压和带电体的材质有关。静电放电形式: <p><strong>电晕放电</strong></p> <p>(1)电晕放电:是发生在带电体尖端或曲率半径很小处附近的局部放电。电晕放电可能伴有轻微的嘶嘶声和微弱的淡紫色光。电晕放电一般没有引燃危险。</p> <p><strong>刷形放电和传播型刷形放电</strong></p> <p>(2)刷形放电和传播型刷形放电:都是发生在绝缘体表面的有声光的多分支放电。当绝缘体背面紧贴有金属导体时,绝缘体正面将出现传播型刷形放电。同一绝缘体上可发生多次刷形放电或传播型刷形放电。刷形放电有一定的引燃危险;传播型刷形放电的引燃危险性大。</p> <p><strong>火花放电</strong></p> <p>(3)火花放电:是带电体之间发生的通道单一的放电。火花放电有明亮的闪光和有短促的爆裂声。其引燃危险性很大。</p> <p><strong>雷型放电</strong></p> <p>(4)雷型放电:是悬浮在空间的大范围、高密度带电粒子形成的闪电状放电。其引燃危险性很大。</p> <h3 bk="ck365_1">静电放电的特点</h3> <strong>特点综述</strong> <p>静电起电的最常见原因是两种材料的接触和分离。最经常发生的静电起电现象是固体间的摩擦起电现象。此外还有剥离起电、破裂起电、电解起电、压电起电、热电起电、感应起电、吸附起电和喷电起电等 。物体的静电起电&mdash;放电一般具有高电位、强电场和宽带电磁干扰等特点。</p> <p><strong>图解</strong></p> <p>图1 是人体带上不同的静电电压时,静电放电的电流波形。从图1中可以看出它有如下两个特点: 由于静电放电是在ns 或&mu;s 量级的时间内完成的,峰值电流可达几十安培,瞬间的功率十分巨大,所产生的静电放电电磁脉冲能量足以使电子部件中的敏感元件损坏;由于电流波形的上升时间很短,即电流的变化率(di/ dt) 很大,所以可以感应出几百伏乃至上千伏的高电位,从而产生出强电场将敏元件击穿。</p> <h3 bk="ck365_1">静电放电保护</h3> <strong>序言</strong> <p>在将电缆移去或连接到网络分析仪上时,防止静电放电(ESD)是十分重要的。静电可以在您的身体上形成且在放电时很容易损坏灵敏的内部电路元件。一次太小以致不能感觉出的静电放电可能造成永久性损坏。</p> <p><strong>预防措施</strong></p> <p>为了防止损坏仪器,应采取以下措施:</p> <p>保证环境湿度。</p> <p>铺设防静电地板或地毯。</p> <p>使用离子风枪、离子头、离子棒等设施, 使在一定范围内防止静电产生。</p> <p>半导体器件应盛放在防静电塑料盛器或防静电塑料袋中, 这种防静电盛器有良好导电性能, 能有效防止静电的产生。当然, 有条件的应盛放在金属盛器内或用金属箔包装。</p> <p>操作人员应在手腕上带防静电手带,这种手带应有良好的接地性能, 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