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class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-物理性質" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#物理性質"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>物理性質</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-物理性質-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-珍珠的形成" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#珍珠的形成"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>珍珠的形成</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-珍珠的形成-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-養殖" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#養殖"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>養殖</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-養殖-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关養殖子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-養殖-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-淡水珍珠養殖" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#淡水珍珠養殖"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>淡水珍珠養殖</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-淡水珍珠養殖-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-用途" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#用途"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>用途</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-用途-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关用途子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-用途-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-珠寶" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#珠寶"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>珠寶</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-珠寶-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-藥品" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#藥品"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>藥品</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-藥品-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-古代本草" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古代本草"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>古代本草</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古代本草-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中國藥典2010年版" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中國藥典2010年版"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>中國藥典2010年版</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中國藥典2010年版-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-韓國草藥藥典" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#韓國草藥藥典"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>韓國草藥藥典</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-韓國草藥藥典-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-台灣中藥典第三版" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#台灣中藥典第三版"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.4</span> <span>台灣中藥典第三版</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-台灣中藥典第三版-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-香港中藥材標準" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#香港中藥材標準"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.5</span> <span>香港中藥材標準</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-香港中藥材標準-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第十七改正日本薬局方" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第十七改正日本薬局方"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.6</span> <span>第十七改正日本薬局方</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第十七改正日本薬局方-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-保健食品" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#保健食品"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>保健食品</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-保健食品-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-食品" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#食品"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>食品</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-食品-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-台灣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#台灣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.1</span> <span>台灣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-台灣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-主要产地" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主要产地"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>主要产地</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主要产地-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-圖集" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#圖集"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>圖集</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-圖集-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">珍珠</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。104种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">104种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AArel" title="Pêrel – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pêrel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perle" title="Perle – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Perle" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A4%D9%84%D8%A4" title="لؤلؤ – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لؤلؤ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A4%D9%84%D8%A4" title="لؤلؤ – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لؤلؤ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="মুকুতা – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মুকুতা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlla" title="Perlla – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Perlla" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirvari" title="Mirvari – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mirvari" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDem%C4%8Di%C5%ABgs" title="Žemčiūgs – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Žemčiūgs" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlas" title="Perlas – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Perlas" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B3" title="Жэмчуг – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жэмчуг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B3" title="Жэмчуг – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Жэмчуг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Перла – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Перла" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="মুক্তা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুক্তা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perla" title="Perla – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Perla" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="مرواری – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مرواری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perla" title="Perla – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Perla" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%94%D0%BD%D1%87%D3%97" title="Ĕнчӗ – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ĕнчӗ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Perl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perle" title="Perle – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Perle" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waya" title="Waya – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Waya" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perle" title="Perle – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Perle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9" title="Μαργαριτάρι – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαργαριτάρι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl" title="Pearl – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pearl" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlo_(globeto)" title="Perlo (globeto) – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Perlo (globeto)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perla" title="Perla – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Perla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4rl" title="Pärl – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pärl" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perla" title="Perla – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Perla" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="مروارید – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مروارید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmi" title="Helmi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Helmi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perle" title="Perle – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Perle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parel" title="Parel – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Parel" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perla" title="Perla – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Perla" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaverat%C4%A9" title="Itaveratĩ – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Itaveratĩ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%B9%B3%CC%82n-ch%C3%BB" title="Chṳ̂n-chû – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chṳ̂n-chû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="פנינה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פנינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="मोती – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मोती" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biser" title="Biser – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Biser" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igazgy%C3%B6ngy" title="Igazgyöngy – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Igazgyöngy" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BF" title="Մարգարիտ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարգարիտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BF" title="Մարգարիտ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մարգարիտ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutiara" title="Mutiara – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mutiara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlo" title="Perlo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Perlo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perla" title="Perla – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Perla" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%8F%A0" title="真珠 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="真珠" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutyara" title="Mutyara – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mutyara" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="მარგალიტი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მარგალიტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutiara" title="Mutiara – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Mutiara" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Маржан – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Маржан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಮುತ್ತುಗಳು – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮುತ್ತುಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%84%EC%A3%BC" title="진주 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="진주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D3%A7%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Вӧсь – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Вӧсь" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Маржан – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Маржан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarita" title="Margarita – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Margarita" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paerel" title="Paerel – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Paerel" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlas" title="Perlas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Perlas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%93rle" title="Pērle – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pērle" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="मोती – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मोती" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бисер – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бисер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="മുത്ത് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B4" title="Сувд – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сувд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="मोती – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मोती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutiara" title="Mutiara – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mutiara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B2" title="ပုလဲ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပုလဲ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="मोती – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मोती" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AB%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE)" title="मुत्तु (सन् १९९५या संकिपा) – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मुत्तु (सन् १९९५या संकिपा)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parel" title="Parel – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Parel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perle" title="Perle – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Perle" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perle" title="Perle – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Perle" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8rla" title="Pèrla – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pèrla" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80" title="ਮੋਤੀ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੋਤੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C5%82y_naturalne" title="Perły naturalne – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Perły naturalne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="موتی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="موتی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%87" title="مرغلره – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مرغلره" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9rola" title="Pérola – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pérola" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl%C4%83" title="Perlă – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Perlă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B3" title="Жемчуг – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Жемчуг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="मुक्ता – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मुक्ता" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%87%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BA" title="Чөмчүүк – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Чөмчүүк" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perna" title="Perna – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Perna" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="موتي – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="موتي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biser" title="Biser – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Biser" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94" title="මුතු – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මුතු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl" title="Pearl – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pearl" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perla" title="Perla – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Perla" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biser" title="Biser – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Biser" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perla" title="Perla – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Perla" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бисер – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бисер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4rla" title="Pärla – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pärla" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="முத்து – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முத்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="ముత్యము – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ముత్యము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B2%D2%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гавҳар – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гавҳар" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81" title="ไข่มุก – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไข่มุก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlas" title="Perlas – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Perlas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nci" title="İnci – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İnci" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D2%97%D0%B5" title="Энҗе – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Энҗе" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Перли – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перли" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="موتی – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موتی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dur" title="Dur – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dur" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarita" title="Margarita – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Margarita" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_trai" title="Ngọc trai – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngọc trai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0" title="珍珠 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="珍珠" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9C" title="פערל – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פערל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%A0" title="珠 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="珠" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0" title="珍珠 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="珍珠" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43436#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0" 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</div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pearl" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43436" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>此条目页的主題是一種軟體動物的產物。关于“珍珠”的其他意思，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89)" class="mw-disambig" title="珍珠 (消歧义)">珍珠 (消歧义)</a></b>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color:white; background-color: #7da7d9">珍珠</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:White_pearl_necklace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/White_pearl_necklace.jpg/210px-White_pearl_necklace.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/White_pearl_necklace.jpg/315px-White_pearl_necklace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/White_pearl_necklace.jpg/420px-White_pearl_necklace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">珍珠</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:white; background-color: #7da7d9;">基本資料</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">類別</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">有機寶石</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%BC%8F" title="化学式">化学式</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">CaCO<sub>3</sub></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:white; background-color: #7da7d9;">性質</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">顏色</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">白、粉、銀、奶油色、褐、綠、藍、黑、黃、彩色</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E7%90%86" title="解理">解理</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">無</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%B0%8F%E7%A1%AC%E5%BA%A6" title="莫氏硬度">莫氏硬度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2.5–4.5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%9D%E7%97%95" title="條痕">條痕</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">白</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E9%87%8D" title="比重">比重</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2.60–2.85</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E6%95%A3_(%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8)" title="色散 (光學)">色散率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">無</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%A7%E5%85%89" title="荧光">發光性</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">弱，無法評估</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>珍珠</b>，或稱<b>真珠</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，是<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="软体动物">软体动物</a>（例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A1%E8%9B%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="牡蛎">牡蛎</a>）產物，硬而圆滑。一般用於<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%A3%BE" title="首飾">首饰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E5%AF%B6" class="mw-disambig" title="珍寶">珍宝</a>行业。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="物理性質"><span id=".E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E6.80.A7.E8.B3.AA"></span>物理性質</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：物理性質"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>珍珠的特有的光泽是光在这些透明的真珠质层上<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="反射 (物理学)">反射</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84" title="衍射">衍射</a>造成的，珍珠质层越薄越多，光泽就越漂亮。一些珍珠的荧光是由不同真珠层对入射光不断的折射所形成的。一般的珍珠是白色的，有时有米黄色或粉色的光泽，也有些珍珠带有<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E8%89%B2" title="黄色">黄色</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E8%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="绿色">绿色</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%9D%E8%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="蓝色">蓝色</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E8%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="棕色">棕色</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%89%B2" title="黑色">黑色</a>的颜色。<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0" class="mw-disambig" title="黑珍珠">黑珍珠</a>因其稀有而价值不菲<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="珍珠的形成"><span id=".E7.8F.8D.E7.8F.A0.E7.9A.84.E5.BD.A2.E6.88.90"></span>珍珠的形成</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：珍珠的形成"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>珍珠主要是一些<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A3%E9%B3%83%E7%BA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="瓣鳃纲">瓣鳃纲</a>软体动物的产物。这些动物特定的上皮细胞会分泌<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%92%99" class="mw-redirect" title="碳酸钙">碳酸钙</a>，主要是由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9D%E5%A3%B3%E7%A1%AC%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贝壳硬蛋白（页面不存在）">贝壳硬蛋白</a>粘合在一起的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="文石">文石</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A7%A3%E7%9F%B3" title="方解石">方解石</a>。这种混合被称为<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E8%B4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="珍珠质">珍珠质</a>。珍珠的成因有：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%A5%97%E8%86%9C" title="外套膜">套膜</a>或甲壳的受伤，这时珍珠会作为伤口缝合分泌到伤口处。而人工珍珠注入的是由一层外来上皮包绕的<b>真珠质核</b>。这些动物分泌的珍珠形成有数月到数年不等。大颗粒的珍珠形成对于该动物来说很可能是致命的。 </p><p>除使用珍珠蛤外，还有使用其他貝殼內有<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E6%AF%8D%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="珠母層">珠母層</a>的軟體動物物種來生产珍珠的方法，例如：部分<a href="/wiki/%E9%AE%91" title="鮑">鲍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="螺">螺</a>之類的<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B9%E8%B6%B3%E7%B6%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="腹足綱">腹足綱</a>物種都可以。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%B2%A1%E6%B0%B4%E9%87%87%E7%8F%A0%E8%88%B9.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%E6%B2%A1%E6%B0%B4%E9%87%87%E7%8F%A0%E8%88%B9.JPG/300px-%E6%B2%A1%E6%B0%B4%E9%87%87%E7%8F%A0%E8%88%B9.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%E6%B2%A1%E6%B0%B4%E9%87%87%E7%8F%A0%E8%88%B9.JPG/450px-%E6%B2%A1%E6%B0%B4%E9%87%87%E7%8F%A0%E8%88%B9.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%E6%B2%A1%E6%B0%B4%E9%87%87%E7%8F%A0%E8%88%B9.JPG/600px-%E6%B2%A1%E6%B0%B4%E9%87%87%E7%8F%A0%E8%88%B9.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2716" data-file-height="2018" /></a><figcaption>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B7%A5%E5%BC%80%E7%89%A9" title="天工开物">天工开物</a>》没水采珠船</figcaption></figure> <p>珍珠，又名真珠、蚌珠，<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="梵文">梵文</a>为「muktā」<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="汉代">汉代</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="广西">广西</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%89%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-disambig" title="廉州">廉州</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%B5%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="合浦">合浦</a>的采珠业相当发达：“郡不出<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%B7%E7%89%A9" title="谷物">穀</a>实，而海出珠宝，与交趾比境，常通商贩，贸易来粮食。”<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%87%E9%9C%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="万震（页面不存在）">万震</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B7%9E%E5%BC%82%E7%89%A9%E5%BF%97" title="南州异物志">南州异物志</a>》记载：<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209892">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite cite{font-size:small}</style> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>合浦民，善游采珠，几年十余岁便教入水。官禁民采珠，巧盗者，蹲水底，刮蚌得好珠，吞而出</p></blockquote> <p>广西<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%89%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-disambig" title="廉州">廉州</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%B5%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="合浦">合浦</a>珍珠到<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="唐代">唐代</a>、成为贡品：<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="唐代">唐代</a>典籍有合浦采珍珠充贡的记录。<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90" class="mw-redirect" title="唐">唐</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E6%81%82_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" title="劉恂 (唐朝)">劉恂</a>著《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B6%BA%E8%A1%A8%E9%8C%84%E7%95%B0" title="嶺表錄異">嶺表錄異</a>·池珠》：<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>廉州邊海中有洲島，島上有大池，谓之珠池。每年刺史修贡，自监珠户入池采以充贡</p></blockquote> <p>唐代贡品级的大真珠，称为“上清珠”，来自<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" title="西域">西域</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%BD%E8%B3%93" title="罽賓">罽宾</a>国王曾献给<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%8E%84%E5%AE%97" title="唐玄宗">唐玄宗</a>一颗“光照一室”的上清珠<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在科技不發達的古代，采珠是極危險的工作，明清两代充当采珠劳动力主要是<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%91%E5%AE%B6" title="蜑家">蜑民</a>。《水东日记》卷五载：<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>盖蜑丁皆居海艇中采珠，以大舶环池，以石悬大垣，别以小绳系诸疍腰，没水取珠。气迫则撼绳，绳动，舶人觉，乃绞取，人缘大上……闻永乐初，尚没水取，多葬鲨鱼腹…</p></blockquote> <p>《采珠歌》描写珠民的生活：“江浦茫茫月影孤，一舟才过一舟呼，舟舟过去何舟得，采得珠来泪已枯。”<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%8E%BB%E9%9D%9E" title="周去非">周去非</a>在《岭外代答》记：<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>合浦产珠之地，名日断望池。在海中孤岛下，去岸数十里，池深不十丈，蜑人没而得蚌，剖而得珠。取蚌，以升绳系竹篮，携之以没。既拾蚌于篮，则振绳，令舟人没取之。没者，亟浮就舟，不幸遇恶鱼，一缕之血浮于水面，舟人句哭，知其已葬鱼腹也。亦有望恶鱼而急浮，至伤股断臂者。海中恶鱼，莫如刺纱，谓之鱼虎，蜑所忌也</p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E9%9D%96" title="嘉靖">嘉靖</a>八年，两广巡抚<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%AF%8C" title="林富">林富</a>上书说：“五年采珠之役，死者五十余人，而得珠仅八十两。天下谓以人易珠，今日恐以人易珠亦不可得。”<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>南海热带地区的珍珠蛤生命周期较长，能生成较大而完美的珍珠，是中世纪主要的珍珠产地。<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%BE%99%E6%B1%9F" title="黑龙江">黑龙江</a>中的淡水蛤也能生成珍珠，但<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9C%E8%89%B2" title="颜色">颜色</a>不透明，纯<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%89%B2" title="白色">白色</a>，产量很少，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>时作为稀有的贡品，称为“东珠”，只有皇家成员才能佩带东珠饰品。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="養殖"><span id=".E9.A4.8A.E6.AE.96"></span>養殖</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：養殖"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中国是历史上最早进行珍珠人工养殖的国家，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="宋代">宋代</a>就已经开始了珍珠的人工养殖。但是规模不大，世界上大规模进行人工养殖珍珠的是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>。日本的珍珠养殖发展相当迅速，中国从日本引进了几个好的珍珠养殖品种。从此中国的珍珠养殖业也快速发展。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="淡水珍珠養殖"><span id=".E6.B7.A1.E6.B0.B4.E7.8F.8D.E7.8F.A0.E9.A4.8A.E6.AE.96"></span>淡水珍珠養殖</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：淡水珍珠養殖"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1990年代中，日本人发明了一种使用淡水蛤生产珍珠的方式，这种方式现在在中国和在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E6%B5%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="斐济">斐济</a>采用。淡水珍珠发射特有的彩虹般的颜色。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="用途"><span id=".E7.94.A8.E9.80.94"></span>用途</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：用途"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="珠寶"><span id=".E7.8F.A0.E5.AF.B6"></span>珠寶</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：珠寶"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>珍珠的价值主要由它的光泽、颜色、大小、有无表面的缺陷和形状来决定。其中光泽最为重要。大的圆满的珍珠比较罕见，一般被用在指戒上，水滴状的一般用在悬挂物上，不规则的常用在项链中。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="藥品"><span id=".E8.97.A5.E5.93.81"></span>藥品</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：藥品"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一般多數國家是將列入其國家藥典的物質列入藥品管制，比如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣">台灣</a>有對屬於中藥用物質的進出口檢驗或進口藥商登記等資格要求<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，及針對生產，加工等需有相關藥品生產製造相關設備、具備相關證照人員、證書等.比如說台灣曾經發生的珍珠磨粉是否須為GMP中藥生產製造廠登記相關爭議<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但這又衍生出同時也有非中藥用珍珠的輸入不受相關中藥標準管制，但可能移作中藥珍珠使用的問題。比如說台灣對珍珠的進出口稅則可分為: </p> <ul><li>05100033004 中藥用珍珠 Pearls for medical use</li> <li>05100034003 中藥用珍珠碎或珍珠末 Pearls crushed or powder for medical use</li> <li>71011000002 天然珍珠，不論已否加工 Natural pearls, whether or not worked</li> <li>71012100009 養珠，未加工者 Cultured pearls, unworked</li> <li>71012200008 養珠，已加工者 Cultured pearls, worked,</li> <li>71161010003 天然珍珠或養珠製品，實驗室、化學或工業用品 Articles of natural or cultured pearls, for laboratory, chemical or industrial use</li> <li>71161090006 其他天然珍珠或養珠製品 Articles of other natural or cultured pearls</li> <li>96019051004 已加工之珠母貝材料 Mother of pearl materials, worked</li> <li>96019052003 珠母貝製品 Articles of mother of pearl.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="古代本草"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E4.BB.A3.E6.9C.AC.E8.8D.89"></span>古代本草</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：古代本草"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中醫裡珍珠粉有漫長用歷史可追溯至兩千年前，三国时的医书《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8D%E5%8C%BB%E5%88%AB%E5%BD%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="名医别录（页面不存在）">名医别录</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="梁代">梁代</a>的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89%E7%BB%8F%E9%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="本草经集（页面不存在）">本草经集</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90" class="mw-redirect" title="唐">唐</a>代的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E8%8D%AF%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海药本草（页面不存在）">海药本草</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋</a>代的《开宝本草》、<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="明">明</a>代的《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89%E7%BA%B2%E7%9B%AE" title="本草纲目">本草纲目</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85" class="mw-redirect" title="清">清</a>代的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%B7%E5%85%AC%E8%8D%AF%E6%80%A7%E8%B5%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雷公药性赋（页面不存在）">雷公药性赋</a>》等19种医药古籍，都对珍珠的疗效有明确的记载。 </p><p>多數記載為治目肤翳、止泄等作用，明代<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%97%B6%E7%8F%8D" title="李时珍">李时珍</a>更加重视珍珠的药理作用，认为珍珠的药效在美肤美白，因而在《本草纲目》中特别写道:珍珠味咸甘寒无毒，镇心点目；珍珠涂面，令人润泽好颜色。涂手足，去皮肤逆胪；坠痰，除面斑，止泻；除小儿惊热，安魂魄；止遗精白浊，解痘疗毒令光泽洁白等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="中國藥典2010年版"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9C.8B.E8.97.A5.E5.85.B82010.E5.B9.B4.E7.89.88"></span>中國藥典2010年版</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：中國藥典2010年版"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E8%8D%AF%E5%85%B8" title="中华人民共和国药典">中华人民共和国药典</a>》及《中药大辞典》均指明珍珠粉具有安神定惊、明目去翳、解毒生肌等功效。然而近年因珍珠粉奇貨可居有不少廠家用廉價數十倍的貝殼粉冒充，兩者肉眼難以辨別但成分藥效不完全相同。 </p> <ul><li>中國藥典所提及的珍珠以來自珍珠贝科动物<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%B0%8F%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E8%B4%9D" title="马氏珍珠贝">马氏珍珠贝</a>Pteria martensii(Dunker)、蚌科动物<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E5%B8%86%E8%9A%8C" title="三角帆蚌">三角帆蚌</a>Hyriopsis cumingii(Lea)或<a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%B6%E7%BA%B9%E5%86%A0%E8%9A%8C" title="褶纹冠蚌">褶纹冠蚌</a>Cristaria plicata(Leach)等双壳类动物受刺激形成的為主，</li> <li>珍珠母(贝壳)則僅限上述已列明物種。</li></ul> <p>珍珠及珍珠粉大致辨識方法為"本品磨片具同心层纹。及本品置紫外光灯(365nm)下观察，显浅蓝紫色或亮黄绿色荧光"。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="韓國草藥藥典"><span id=".E9.9F.93.E5.9C.8B.E8.8D.89.E8.97.A5.E8.97.A5.E5.85.B8"></span>韓國草藥藥典</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：韓國草藥藥典"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>珍珠:이 약은 진주조개 Pinctada fucada martensii (Dunker) 또는 그 근연동물(진주조개과 Pteridae), 삼각범방(三角帆蚌) Hyriopsis cumingii (Lea) 또는</li></ul> <p>대칭이 Cristaria plicata (Leach) (석패과 Unionidae)가 자극을 받아 생성한 구슬(진주)이다.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="台灣中藥典第三版"><span id=".E5.8F.B0.E7.81.A3.E4.B8.AD.E8.97.A5.E5.85.B8.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88"></span>台灣中藥典第三版</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：台灣中藥典第三版"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>並未收錄珍珠相關成分。<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="香港中藥材標準"><span id=".E9.A6.99.E6.B8.AF.E4.B8.AD.E8.97.A5.E6.9D.90.E6.A8.99.E6.BA.96"></span>香港中藥材標準</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：香港中藥材標準"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>並未收錄珍珠相關成分<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="第十七改正日本薬局方"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E5.8D.81.E4.B8.83.E6.94.B9.E6.AD.A3.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E8.96.AC.E5.B1.80.E6.96.B9"></span>第十七改正日本薬局方</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：第十七改正日本薬局方"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>並未收錄珍珠相關成分。<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="保健食品"><span id=".E4.BF.9D.E5.81.A5.E9.A3.9F.E5.93.81"></span>保健食品</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：保健食品"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>如列入國家藥典中的藥材有其他用途時，一般是由管理藥典的權責單位另行公布也同時可供其他方式使用的清單。例如台灣中醫藥司發布的可同時提供食品使用之中藥材<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.及大陸食品藥品監督管理局發布的既是食品又是药品的物品名单<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>以及可用于保健食品的物品名单<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。目前珍珠於大陸屬於可用於保健食品的物品。但目前大陸禁止來自日本10都縣的所有食品與飼料。並對其他都縣的食品等進行管制，水產品需要前述證書外，還須加註途經的水域，但未對非食用物品進行管制。<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="食品"><span id=".E9.A3.9F.E5.93.81"></span>食品</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：食品"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="台灣"><span id=".E5.8F.B0.E7.81.A3"></span>台灣</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：台灣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>目前珍珠有列於可供食品使用原料中<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，且珍珠有相關食品廣告違規紀錄<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，不能使用相關涉及醫療效能的語句進行食品宣傳<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而未有中藥廣告違規紀錄<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B3%B6%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%A0%B8%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" class="mw-redirect" title="福島第一核電廠事故">福島第一核電廠事故</a>後，台灣有禁止來自日本5都縣的食品輸入，其他都縣的生鮮及冷凍水產品輸入時則需通過輻射檢驗，但並未管制非食用產品。<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="主要产地"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E4.BA.A7.E5.9C.B0"></span>主要产地</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：主要产地"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="浙江">浙江</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%B8%E6%9A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="诸暨">诸暨</a>：诸暨的淡水珍珠产量占全世界的淡水珍珠产量的85%以上。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%AC%E6%B3%A2%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法屬波里尼西亞">法屬波里尼西亞</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%BA%AA%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="大溪地">大溪地</a>：出产世界闻名的大溪地黑珍珠。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>：阿古屋（现在的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%B9%85%E6%AF%94%E7%94%BA" title="阿久比町">阿久比町</a>）海水珠的主要产地。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亚</a>：南洋珠的主要产地。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9F%94_(%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF)" title="大埔 (香港)">大埔</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E9%9C%B2%E6%B8%AF" title="吐露港">吐露港</a>：古稱「大步海」，曾是珍珠的的主要产地。<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="圖集"><span id=".E5.9C.96.E9.9B.86"></span>圖集</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：圖集"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <center> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pearls.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="日本鳥羽市珍珠島所產的珍珠"><img alt="日本鳥羽市珍珠島所產的珍珠" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pearls.jpg/120px-Pearls.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pearls.jpg/180px-Pearls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pearls.jpg/240px-Pearls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="657" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">日本<a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E7%BE%BD%E5%B8%82" title="鳥羽市">鳥羽市</a>珍珠島所產的珍珠</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perlenkette_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="珍珠項鍊"><img alt="珍珠項鍊" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Perlenkette_1.jpg/120px-Perlenkette_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Perlenkette_1.jpg/180px-Perlenkette_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Perlenkette_1.jpg/240px-Perlenkette_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="468" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">珍珠項鍊</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schatzkammer3,_Residenz_M%C3%BCnchen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="巴伐利亞王后的珍珠首飾"><img alt="巴伐利亞王后的珍珠首飾" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Schatzkammer3%2C_Residenz_M%C3%BCnchen.jpg/120px-Schatzkammer3%2C_Residenz_M%C3%BCnchen.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Schatzkammer3%2C_Residenz_M%C3%BCnchen.jpg/180px-Schatzkammer3%2C_Residenz_M%C3%BCnchen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Schatzkammer3%2C_Residenz_M%C3%BCnchen.jpg/240px-Schatzkammer3%2C_Residenz_M%C3%BCnchen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="928" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">巴伐利亞王后的珍珠首飾</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Pearls_and_Gems_City.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="苏州渭塘镇中国珍珠城"><img alt="苏州渭塘镇中国珍珠城" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/China_Pearls_and_Gems_City.JPG/120px-China_Pearls_and_Gems_City.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/China_Pearls_and_Gems_City.JPG/180px-China_Pearls_and_Gems_City.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/China_Pearls_and_Gems_City.JPG/240px-China_Pearls_and_Gems_City.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1510" data-file-height="1132" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="苏州">苏州</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AD%E5%A1%98%E9%95%87" title="渭塘镇">渭塘镇</a>中国珍珠城</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pearl_market_Beijing.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="珍珠市場，北京"><img alt="珍珠市場，北京" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pearl_market_Beijing.jpg/120px-Pearl_market_Beijing.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pearl_market_Beijing.jpg/180px-Pearl_market_Beijing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pearl_market_Beijing.jpg/240px-Pearl_market_Beijing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">珍珠市場，北京</div> </li> </ul> </center> <div 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title="s:后汉书/卷76">卷七十六循吏列传第六十六</a>·<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E6%B1%89%E4%B9%A6/%E5%8D%B776#孟嘗" class="extiw" title="s:后汉书/卷76">孟尝传</a>》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">（美）<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%C2%B7%E8%AC%9D%E5%BC%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="愛德華·謝弗（页面不存在）">愛德華·謝弗</a>：《[唐代的外來文明]》第十五章 <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7561332572" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 7-5613-3257-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《岭外代答》卷七《宝货门·珠池》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="明史">明史</a>》卷八十二《食货》（六）《珠池》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fbfh.trade.gov.tw/rich/text/indexfh.asp">貨品分類系統</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150922081344/https://fbfh.trade.gov.tw/rich/text/indexfh.asp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）國貿局</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mohw.gov.tw/cht/DOCMAP/DM1_P.aspx?f_list_no=782&fod_list_no=4236&doc_no=32459">回歸法制民眾安心- 讓GMP中藥廠負責製造(製劑與原料藥)，讓中藥房負責藥商服務(含代客磨粉)</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150208075218/http://www.mohw.gov.tw/cht/DOCMAP/DM1_P.aspx?f_list_no=782&fod_list_no=4236&doc_no=32459">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）衛生福利部中醫藥司</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.sw.nat.gov.tw/APGA/GA03">統計資料庫</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20141217184347/https://portal.sw.nat.gov.tw/APGA/GA03">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）財政部關務署</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fp.chp.org.cn:7001/infopub/">国家药品标准信息公开平台</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="//web.archive.org/web/20150626121405/http://db.yaozh.com/yaocai_bz/19700101/3358.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）中国药典2010年版一部</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cntv.cn/china/20100919/102075.shtml">中央電視台-珍珠粉調查</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-05-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131124173510/http://news.cntv.cn/china/20100919/102075.shtml">存档</a>于2013-11-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0-%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E7%B2%89%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.cntv.cn%2Fchina%2F20100919%2F102075.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfds.go.kr/herbmed/index.do?nMenuCode=9&page=1&page=1&mode=view&boardSeq=67970">韓國草藥藥典</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-01-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150501103942/http://www.mfds.go.kr/herbmed/index.do?nMenuCode=9&page=1&page=1&mode=view&boardSeq=67970">存档</a>于2015-05-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&rft.btitle=%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E8%8D%89%E8%97%A5%E8%97%A5%E5%85%B8&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfds.go.kr%2Fherbmed%2Findex.do%3FnMenuCode%3D9%26page%3D1%26page%3D1%26mode%3Dview%26boardSeq%3D67970&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfds.go.kr/herbmed/index.do?nMenuCode=7">韓國草藥藥典網路資料庫</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-01-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150119021502/http://www.mfds.go.kr/herbmed/index.do?nMenuCode=7">存档</a>于2015-01-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&rft.btitle=%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E8%8D%89%E8%97%A5%E8%97%A5%E5%85%B8%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%BA%AB&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfds.go.kr%2Fherbmed%2Findex.do%3FnMenuCode%3D7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/DOCMAP/cp-759-45746-108.html">台灣中藥典第三版</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190425093805/https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/DOCMAP/cp-759-45746-108.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）衛生福利部中醫藥司</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fda.gov.tw/TC/includes/GetFile.ashx?id=264&chk=7974b725-b18c-4815-b31d-50e53b19ce94&mid=141&name=fdContent">食品藥物研究年報第5期市售奈米珍珠粉之奈米性檢驗研究市售奈米珍珠粉之奈米性檢驗研究(.pdf下載)</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150619101304/http://www.fda.gov.tw/TC/includes/GetFile.ashx?id=264&chk=7974b725-b18c-4815-b31d-50e53b19ce94&mid=141&name=fdContent">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）衛生福利部食品藥物管理署</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmd.gov.hk/html/b5/GCMTI/hkcmms/index.html">香港中藥材標準香港中藥材標準辦事處</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20191106033432/http://www.cmd.gov.hk/html/b5/GCMTI/hkcmms/index.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）香港衞生署中醫藥事務部</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mhlw.go.jp/topics/bukyoku/iyaku/yakkyoku/english.html">第十七改正日本薬局方</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140723201211/http://www.mhlw.go.jp/topics/bukyoku/iyaku/yakkyoku/english.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/DOCMAP/lp-754-108.html">可同時提供食品使用之中藥材</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180209182454/https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/DOCMAP/lp-754-108.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）衛生福利部中醫藥司</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL1159/">既是食品又是药品的物品名单</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150328221413/http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL1159/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）食品藥品監督管理局</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL1160/">可用于保健食品的物品名单</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150327055653/http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL1160/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）食品藥品監督管理局</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170318101310/http://www.aqsiq.gov.cn/xxgk_13386/jlgg_12538/zjgg/2011/201104/t20110408_181705.htm">国家质量监督检验检疫总局《关于进一步加强从日本进口食品农产品检验检疫监管的公告》(总局2011年第44号公告)</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-03-24</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aqsiq.gov.cn/xxgk_13386/jlgg_12538/zjgg/2011/201104/t20110408_181705.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2017-03-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&rft.btitle=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C%E6%A3%80%E7%96%AB%E6%80%BB%E5%B1%80%E3%80%8A%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E8%BF%9B%E4%B8%80%E6%AD%A5%E5%8A%A0%E5%BC%BA%E4%BB%8E%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%BF%9B%E5%8F%A3%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%86%9C%E4%BA%A7%E5%93%81%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C%E6%A3%80%E7%96%AB%E7%9B%91%E7%AE%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A%E3%80%8B%28%E6%80%BB%E5%B1%802011%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC44%E5%8F%B7%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aqsiq.gov.cn%2Fxxgk_13386%2Fjlgg_12538%2Fzjgg%2F2011%2F201104%2Ft20110408_181705.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://consumer.fda.gov.tw/Food/Material.aspx?nodeID=160">可供食品使用原料彙整一覽表</a> <a href="/wiki/Archive.is" title="Archive.is">Archive.is</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140126120155/https://consumer.fda.gov.tw/Food/Material.aspx?nodeID=160">存檔</a>，存档日期2014-01-26衛生福利部食品藥物管理署</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://consumer.fda.gov.tw/Food/Food_Advertise.aspx?nodeID=168">違規食品廣告查詢</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150219183558/https://consumer.fda.gov.tw/Food/Food_Advertise.aspx?nodeID=168">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）衛生福利部食品藥物管理署</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fda.gov.tw/TC/siteContent.aspx?sid=1691">食品標示宣傳或廣告詞句涉及誇張易生誤解或醫療效能之認定基準</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170426055349/http://www.fda.gov.tw/TC/siteContent.aspx?sid=1691">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）衛生福利部食品藥物管理署</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mohw.gov.tw/cht/DOCMAP/Query_sear.aspx">中藥違規廣告查詢</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150219173250/http://www.mohw.gov.tw/cht/DOCMAP/Query_sear.aspx">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）衛生福利部中醫藥司</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fda.gov.tw/TC/siteContent.aspx?sid=4342#.VRFBpPyUeAk">日本食品輸入管理Q&A</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-03-24</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121159/http://www.fda.gov.tw/TC/siteContent.aspx?sid=4342#.VRFBpPyUeAk">存档</a>于2015-04-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E8%BC%B8%E5%85%A5%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86Q%26A&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov.tw%2FTC%2FsiteContent.aspx%3Fsid%3D4342%23.VRFBpPyUeAk&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">蔡兆浚. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hkchronicles.org.hk/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%BF%97/%E2%BC%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%9A%84%E6%8E%A1%E7%8F%A0%E6%A5%AD">古代香港的採珠業</a>. www.hkchronicles.org.hk. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408065210/https://www.hkchronicles.org.hk/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%BF%97/%E2%BC%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%9A%84%E6%8E%A1%E7%8F%A0%E6%A5%AD">存档</a>于2023-04-08） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&rft.atitle=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%9A%84%E6%8E%A1%E7%8F%A0%E6%A5%AD&rft.au=%E8%94%A1%E5%85%86%E6%B5%9A&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hkchronicles.org.hk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hkchronicles.org.hk%2F%25E9%25A6%2599%25E6%25B8%25AF%25E5%25BF%2597%2F%25E2%25BC%25A4%25E4%25BA%258B%25E8%25A8%2598%2F%25E5%258F%25A4%25E4%25BB%25A3%25E9%25A6%2599%25E6%25B8%25AF%25E7%259A%2584%25E6%258E%25A1%25E7%258F%25A0%25E6%25A5%25AD&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>中相關的多媒體資源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pearl" class="extiw" title="commons:Pearl"><span style="font-weight:bold;">珍珠</span></a>（<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pearls" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pearls">分類</a>）</div></div> </div> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="珠寶款式、設計、材料" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%8F%A0%E5%AF%B6%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="Template:珠寶材料"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%8F%A0%E5%AF%B6%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="Template talk:珠寶材料"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%8F%A0%E5%AF%B6%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:珠寶材料"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="珠寶款式、設計、材料" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E5%AF%B6" title="珠寶">珠寶款式、設計、材料</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">样式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%92%E6%8C%87" title="戒指">戒指</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%B9%E9%93%BE" title="项链">项链</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E9%95%AF" title="手镯">手镯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B3%E7%92%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="耳環">耳環</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%BD%E7%AB%A0" title="徽章">徽章</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%86%A0" title="皇冠">皇冠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%80%E8%A1%A8" title="怀表">怀表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E9%95%AF" title="手镯">手鏈</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%AE%E5%B8%B6%E6%89%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皮帶扣（页面不存在）">皮帶扣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%98%E5%B8%B6%E5%A4%BE" title="領帶夾">領帶夾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%96%E6%89%A3" title="袖扣">袖扣</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%AE%E9%A3%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="髮飾（页面不存在）">髮飾</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">制作</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">工匠</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%8C%A0" title="金匠">金匠</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="银匠" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Silversmith"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%B6%E5%8C%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="银匠（页面不存在）">银匠</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silversmith" class="extiw" title="en:Silversmith"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Silversmith</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E5%AF%B6%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="珠寶設計">珠寶設計师</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9F%E8%A1%A8%E5%8C%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="钟表匠">钟表匠</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E5%AF%B6%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="珠寶設計">珠寶設計</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%B8" title="鋸">鋸</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%93%E7%A3%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="打磨（页面不存在）">磨</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%8A%E6%8E%A5" title="焊接">焊</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%8D%9B%E9%80%A0" title="鍛造">鍛</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%9B%E5%85%89" title="抛光">拋</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%91%B2%E5%B5%8C%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="鑲嵌藝術">鑲</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%95%80%E5%B1%82" title="镀层">鍍</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E8%9C%A1%E6%B3%95" title="失蜡法">失蜡法</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%91%84%E9%80%A0" title="鑄造">鑄造</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E6%B8%97" title="浸渗">浸渗</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96" title="氧化">氧化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%95%E7%89%88" title="雕版">雕版</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">材质</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="貴金屬">貴金屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯">钯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂">铂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">銀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">铑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱">铱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">锇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌">钌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼">铼</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">貴金屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E9%87%91" title="合金">合金</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E9%87%91%E7%A4%A6" title="銀金礦">琥珀金</a>（Electrum）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AB%E7%91%B0%E9%87%91" title="玫瑰金">玫瑰金</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%89%B2%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91" title="白色黃金">白色黃金</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%91%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="卑金屬">卑金屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">铜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">钨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">钛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%8A%85" title="黃銅">黃銅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C" title="青铜">青铜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E9%8F%BD%E9%8B%BC" title="不鏽鋼">不鏽鋼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%95%B4" title="白镴">白镴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%9B%AE%E9%87%91" title="木目金">木目金</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">礦物<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B6%E7%9F%B3" title="寶石">寶石</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英">石英</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英">黃水晶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E6%B0%B4%E6%99%B6" title="紫水晶">紫水晶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E7%91%99" title="瑪瑙">瑪瑙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%9F%E7%8E%9B%E7%91%99" title="缟玛瑙">縞瑪瑙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%82%E9%87%91%E7%9F%B3" title="砂金石">砂金石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E7%8E%89%E9%AB%93" title="红玉髓">紅玉髓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E7%9C%BC%E7%9F%B3" title="虎眼石">虎眼石</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E6%9F%B1%E7%9F%B3" title="綠柱石">綠柱石</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%93%9D%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3" title="海蓝宝石">海蓝宝石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E6%AF%8D%E7%B6%A0" title="祖母綠">祖母綠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%A0%B9%E7%9F%B3" title="摩根石">摩根石</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%BB%BF%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3" title="金绿宝石">金绿宝石</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E7%9F%B3" title="變石">變石</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BB%E7%9F%B3" title="钻石">钻石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%89%E7%9F%B3" title="辉石">辉石</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E8%BC%9D%E7%9F%B3" title="透輝石">透辉石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%A1%E7%BF%A0" title="翡翠">翡翠</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%A6%B4%E7%9F%B3" title="石榴石">石榴石</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%B3%E9%8B%81%E6%A6%B4%E7%9F%B3" title="錳鋁榴石">芬達石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%BC%97%E4%BE%86%E7%9F%B3" title="沙弗來石">沙弗來石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E6%A6%B4%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="贵榴石">贵榴石</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89" title="玉">玉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%A7%E7%8E%89" title="碧玉">碧玉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E9%9B%80%E7%9F%B3" title="孔雀石">孔雀石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%87%91%E7%9F%B3" title="青金石">青金石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%9B%9C%E5%B2%A9" title="黑曜岩">黑曜石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%B3" title="蛋白石">蛋白石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%84%E6%A6%84%E7%9F%B3" title="橄榄石">翠綠橄欖石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%9B%E7%8E%89" title="剛玉">剛玉</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3" title="红宝石">红宝石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%9D%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3" title="蓝宝石">蓝宝石</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E9%92%A0%E7%9F%B3" title="方钠石">方钠石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E7%9F%B3" title="长石">长石</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%9F%B3" title="太阳石">太阳石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E5%85%89%E7%9F%B3" title="月光石">月光石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%95%BF%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="拉长石">拉长石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B2%B3%E7%9F%B3" title="天河石">天河石</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E6%A1%91%E7%9F%B3" title="坦桑石">坦桑石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E7%8E%89" title="黄玉">黄玉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E6%9D%BE%E7%9F%B3" title="绿松石">绿松石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%A3%E7%9F%B3" title="電氣石">電氣石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%AF%E7%9F%B3" title="鋯石">鋯石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E5%8F%B6%E7%9F%B3" title="磷叶石">磷叶石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%8D%E7%9F%B3" title="榍石">榍石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E6%99%B6%E7%9F%B3" title="尖晶石">尖晶石</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BA%A8%E8%93%8B%E5%B0%96%E6%99%B6" title="馬亨蓋尖晶">馬亨蓋尖晶</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">有機寶石</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80" title="琥珀">琥珀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E5%B7%B4%E8%84%82" title="柯巴脂">柯巴脂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%8F%8A%E7%91%9A" title="紅珊瑚">貴珊瑚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%91%E5%BD%A9%E7%9F%B3" title="斑彩石">斑彩石</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">珍珠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%AF%8D" title="珍珠母">珍珠母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E7%89%99" title="象牙">象牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%A8%E7%A3%B2%E4%BA%9E%E7%A7%91" title="硨磲亞科">硨磲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B3%E7%91%81_(%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3)" title="玳瑁 (宝石)">玳瑁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A4%E7%B2%BE" title="煤精">煤玉</a>（Jet）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他自然物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="沼木" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bog-wood"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%BC%E6%9C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沼木（页面不存在）">沼木</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bog-wood" class="extiw" title="en:Bog-wood"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bog-wood</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="发饰(珠寶)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hair jewellery"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%91%E9%A5%B0(%E7%8F%A0%E5%AF%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="发饰(珠寶)（页面不存在）">发饰(珠寶)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_jewellery" class="extiw" title="en:Hair jewellery"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hair jewellery</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="贝饰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shell jewelry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9D%E9%A5%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贝饰（页面不存在）">贝饰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_jewelry" class="extiw" title="en:Shell jewelry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shell jewelry</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蟾蜍石" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Toadstone"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9F%BE%E8%9C%8D%E7%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蟾蜍石（页面不存在）">蟾蜍石</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toadstone" class="extiw" title="en:Toadstone"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Toadstone</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">术语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89" title="克拉">克拉</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43436#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43436#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43436#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Perles (nacre)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12049526h">法国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Perles (nacre)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12049526h">BnF data</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4173806-8">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007531445105171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85099037">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00571205">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="perly"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph265705&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300011827">AAT</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=珍珠&oldid=84878080">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=珍珠&oldid=84878080</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0" title="Category:珍珠">珍珠</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E8%8D%AF" title="Category:动物药">动物药</a></li><li><a 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