CINXE.COM
Document Zbl 1436.62384 - zbMATH Open
<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Document Zbl 1436.62384 - zbMATH Open</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, minimum-scale=0.1, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive, noindex"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <link href="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap/v3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print"> <link href="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap/v3.3.7/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print"> <link href="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap-lightbox/v0.7.0/bootstrap-lightbox.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap-select/v1.13.14/css/bootstrap-select.min.css"> <link href="/static/css/smoothness/jquery-ui-1.10.1.custom.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen"> <link href="/static/styles.css?v=20241024" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print"> <link href="https://static.zbmath.org/zbMathJax/v0.1.38/zbmathjax.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/zbmath.ico"> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "url": "https://zbmath.org/", "logo": "https://zbmath.org/static/zbMATH.png" } </script> </head> <body> <div id="line"></div> <span id="clear" style="cursor: pointer;">×</span> <div id="page"> <div id="head"> <nav id="menu" class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#zbnav" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#"> <img class="logo" src="/static/zbmath.gif" alt="zbMATH Open logo"> </a> </div> <div id="zbnav" class="collapse navbar-collapse"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav pages"> <li class="about"> <a href="/about/">About</a> </li> <li class="frequently-asked-questions"> <a href="/frequently-asked-questions/">FAQ</a> </li> <li class="general-help"> <a href="/general-help/">General Help</a> </li> <li class="reviewer-service"> <a href="https://zbmath.org/reviewer-service/" target="_self" >Reviewer Service</a> </li> <li> <a href="/tools-and-resources/">Tools & Resources</a> </li> <li class="contact"> <a href="/contact/">Contact</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right prefs"> <li class="preferences dropdown"> <a data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">Preferences <i class="caret"></i></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu preferences"> <li> <form id="preferences" class="navbar-form" method="post" action="/preferences/" onsubmit="return confirm('This website uses cookies for the purposes of storing preference information on your device. Do you agree to this?\n\nPlease refer to our Privacy Policy to learn more about our use of cookies.')" > <input type="hidden" name="path" value="/1436.62384?"> <span class=""> <label class="title">Search Form</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="search-multi-line" type="radio" name="search" value="multi-line" checked> <label for="search-multi-line" class="radio">Multi-Line Search (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="search-one-line" type="radio" name="search" value="one-line"> <label for="search-one-line" class="radio">One-Line Search</label> </div> </span> <span class="count"> <label class="title">Hits per Page</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="count-10" type="radio" name="count" value="10"> <label for="count-10" class="radio">10</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="count-20" type="radio" name="count" value="20"> <label for="count-20" class="radio">20</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="count-50" type="radio" name="count" value="50"> <label for="count-50" class="radio">50</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="count-100" type="radio" name="count" value="100" checked> <label for="count-100" class="radio">100 (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="count-200" type="radio" name="count" value="200"> <label for="count-200" class="radio">200</label> </div> </span> <span class="format"> <label class="title">Display Format</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="format-mathjax" type="radio" name="format" value="mathjax" checked> <label for="format-mathjax" class="radio">MathJax (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="format-amstex" type="radio" name="format" value="latex"> <label for="format-amstex" class="radio">LaTeX</label> </div> </span> <span class="ranking"> <label class="title">Documents Sorting</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="documents-ranking-default" type="radio" name="documents_ranking" value="date" checked> <label for="documents-ranking-default" class="radio">Newest first (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="documents-ranking-references" type="radio" name="documents_ranking" value="references"> <label for="documents-ranking-references" class="radio">Citations</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="documents-ranking-relevance" type="radio" name="documents_ranking" value="relevance"> <label for="documents-ranking-relevance" class="radio">Relevance</label> </div> </span> <span class="ranking"> <label class="title">Authors Sorting</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="authors-ranking-default" type="radio" name="authors_ranking" value="alpha" checked> <label for="authors-ranking-default" class="radio">Alphabetically (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="authors-ranking-references" type="radio" name="authors_ranking" value="references"> <label for="authors-ranking-references" class="radio">Citations</label> </div> </span> <span class="ranking"> <label class="title">Serials Sorting</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="serials-ranking-default" type="radio" name="serials_ranking" value="alpha" checked> <label for="serials-ranking-default" class="radio">Alphabetically (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="serials-ranking-references" type="radio" name="serials_ranking" value="references"> <label for="serials-ranking-references" class="radio">Citations</label> </div> </span> <span class="ranking"> <label class="title">Software Sorting</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="software-ranking-default" type="radio" name="software_ranking" value="references" checked> <label for="software-ranking-default" class="radio">Citations (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="software-ranking-alpha" type="radio" name="software_ranking" value="alpha"> <label for="software-ranking-alpha" class="radio">Alphabetically</label> </div> </span> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">OK</button> <div class="clearfix"> </form> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="tabs"> <h1 class="logo"> <a class="logo" href="/"> <img class="logo" src="/static/zbmath.gif" alt="zbMATH Open — the first resource for mathematics" > </a> </h1> <nav> <ul class="nav nav-tabs"> <li class="tab-documents active"> <a href="/">Documents</a> </li> <li class="tab-authors"> <a href="/authors/">Authors</a> </li> <li class="tab-serials"> <a href="/serials/">Serials</a> </li> <li class="tab-software"> <a href="/software/">Software</a> </li> <li class="tab-classification"> <a href="/classification/">Classification</a> </li> <li class="tab-formulae"> <a href="/formulae/">Formulæ</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="content-fixed"> <div class="content-formular"> <div style="display: none;"> <div class="row ml-0"id="multi-line-new-line" style="display: none;"> <div class="col-xs-12 form-inline multi-line"> <select class="form-control multi-line-field multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-0-f" aria-label="field"> <option data-type="input" value="any" selected>Anywhere</option> <option data-type="input" value="au">Authors</option> <option data-type="input" value="ti">Title</option> <option data-type="input" value="py">Year</option> <option data-type="range" value="pyr">Year Range</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc">MSC</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc1">MSC Primary</option> <option data-type="input" value="so">Source / Journal</option> <option data-type="input" value="pu">Publisher</option> <option data-type="input" value="la">Language</option> <option data-type="input" value="ab">Summary / Review</option> <option data-type="input" value="rv">Reviewer</option> <option data-type="input" value="an">zbMATH ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="en">External ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="ut">Keywords</option> <option data-type="input" value="sw">Software</option> <option data-type="input" value="br">Biographic Ref</option> <option data-type="input" value="rft">Reference Text</option> <option data-type="multiselect-db" value="db">Database</option> <option data-divider="true"></option> <option data-function="remove-line" data-content='<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-minus" aria-hidden="true"></span> remove line' value="any">remove line</option> </select><input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"><select class="form-control multi-line-operators multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-0-op" aria-label="operator"> <option value="and" selected>AND</option> <option value="andnot">AND NOT</option> <option value="or">OR</option> </select></div> </div> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input"> <span class="multi-line-value" id="multi-line-type-range"><span style="padding-left: 5px;">from</span> <input name="ml-0-v1" class="form-control multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"> until <input name="ml-0-v2" class="form-control multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"></span> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-la" placeholder="use name or ISO code"> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-rv" placeholder="enter name or zbMATH reviewer number"> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-an" placeholder="Zbl, JFM or ERAM number"> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-en" placeholder="e.g. DOI, ISBN, arXiv ID"> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-sw" placeholder="use * to find all documents using software"> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-br" placeholder="find documents about the life or work of a person"> <span class="multi-line-value" id="multi-line-type-multiselect-db"> <select class="multi-line-selectpicker" data-width="100%" multiple> <option value="zbl">Zbl</option> <option value="arxiv">arXiv</option> <option value="jfm">JFM</option> <option value="eram">ERAM</option> </select> <input type="hidden" class="multi-line-input" name="ml-0-v" value=""> </span> </div> <form name="documents" method="GET" action="/" autocomplete="off"> <div class="documents multi-line" style="display: none;"> <div class="forms"> <ul class="nav forms"> <li class="one-line"> <span tabindex="0" class="glyphicon glyphicon-question-sign" title="One-Line Search allows for free logical combinations of search fields" aria-label="One-Line Search allows for free logical combinations of search fields" data-placement="bottom"></span> <a style="display: inline-block;" href="#">One-Line Search <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="container-fluid"> <input type="hidden" id="multi-line-ml" name="ml" value="3"> <div id="multi-line-row-wrapper"> <div class="row ml-1"> <div class="col-xs-12 form-inline multi-line"> <select class="form-control multi-line-field multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-1-f" aria-label="field"> <option data-type="input" value="any" selected>Anywhere</option> <option data-type="input" value="au">Authors</option> <option data-type="input" value="ti">Title</option> <option data-type="input" value="py">Year</option> <option data-type="range" value="pyr">Year Range</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc">MSC</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc1">MSC Primary</option> <option data-type="input" value="so">Source / Journal</option> <option data-type="input" value="pu">Publisher</option> <option data-type="input" value="la">Language</option> <option data-type="input" value="ab">Summary / Review</option> <option data-type="input" value="rv">Reviewer</option> <option data-type="input" value="an">zbMATH ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="en">External ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="ut">Keywords</option> <option data-type="input" value="sw">Software</option> <option data-type="input" value="br">Biographic Ref</option> <option data-type="input" value="rft">Reference Text</option> <option data-type="multiselect-db" value="db">Database</option> <option data-divider="true"></option> <option data-function="remove-line" data-content='<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-minus" aria-hidden="true"></span> remove line' value="any">remove line</option> </select><input name="ml-1-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"><select class="form-control multi-line-operators multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-1-op" aria-label="operator"> <option value="and" selected>AND</option> <option value="andnot">AND NOT</option> <option value="or">OR</option> </select></div> </div> <div class="row ml-2"> <div class="col-xs-12 form-inline multi-line"> <select class="form-control multi-line-field multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-2-f" aria-label="field"> <option data-type="input" value="any">Anywhere</option> <option data-type="input" value="au" selected>Authors</option> <option data-type="input" value="ti">Title</option> <option data-type="input" value="py">Year</option> <option data-type="range" value="pyr">Year Range</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc">MSC</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc1">MSC Primary</option> <option data-type="input" value="so">Source / Journal</option> <option data-type="input" value="pu">Publisher</option> <option data-type="input" value="la">Language</option> <option data-type="input" value="ab">Summary / Review</option> <option data-type="input" value="rv">Reviewer</option> <option data-type="input" value="an">zbMATH ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="en">External ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="ut">Keywords</option> <option data-type="input" value="sw">Software</option> <option data-type="input" value="br">Biographic Ref</option> <option data-type="input" value="rft">Reference Text</option> <option data-type="multiselect-db" value="db">Database</option> <option data-divider="true"></option> <option data-function="remove-line" data-content='<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-minus" aria-hidden="true"></span> remove line' value="any">remove line</option> </select><input name="ml-2-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"><select class="form-control multi-line-operators multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-2-op" aria-label="operator"> <option value="and" selected>AND</option> <option value="andnot">AND NOT</option> <option value="or">OR</option> </select></div> </div> <div class="row ml-3"> <div class="col-xs-12 form-inline multi-line"> <select class="form-control multi-line-field multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-3-f" aria-label="field"> <option data-type="input" value="any">Anywhere</option> <option data-type="input" value="au">Authors</option> <option data-type="input" value="ti" selected>Title</option> <option data-type="input" value="py">Year</option> <option data-type="range" value="pyr">Year Range</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc">MSC</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc1">MSC Primary</option> <option data-type="input" value="so">Source / Journal</option> <option data-type="input" value="pu">Publisher</option> <option data-type="input" value="la">Language</option> <option data-type="input" value="ab">Summary / Review</option> <option data-type="input" value="rv">Reviewer</option> <option data-type="input" value="an">zbMATH ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="en">External ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="ut">Keywords</option> <option data-type="input" value="sw">Software</option> <option data-type="input" value="br">Biographic Ref</option> <option data-type="input" value="rft">Reference Text</option> <option data-type="multiselect-db" value="db">Database</option> <option data-divider="true"></option> <option data-function="remove-line" data-content='<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-minus" aria-hidden="true"></span> remove line' value="any">remove line</option> </select><input name="ml-3-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"><div id="multi-line-plus"> <a href="#"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus" aria-hidden="true"></span> add line</a> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 form-inline"> <div class="form-group field checkboxes-wrapper" id="checkboxes-wrapper-test" style="visibility: hidden; position: fixed;"> <label>Document Type:</label> <div class="checkboxes"> <div class="slider"> <label title="search for Articles in Journals"> <input type="checkbox" class="form-control" value="j" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Journal Articles </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label title="search for Articles in Conference Proceedings and Collected Volumes"> <input type="checkbox" class="form-control" value="a" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Collection Articles </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label title="search for Monographs, Proceedings, Dissertations etc."> <input type="checkbox" class="form-control" value="b" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Books </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label title="search for arXiv Preprints"> <input type="checkbox" class="form-control" value="p" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> arXiv Preprints </label> </div> </div> </div> <div class="form-group field checkboxes-wrapper" id="checkboxes-wrapper-real"> <label>Document Type:</label> <div class="checkboxes"> <div class="slider"> <label for="dt-j" title="search for Articles in Journals"> <input type="checkbox" id="dt-j" name="dt" class="form-control" value="j" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Journal Articles </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label for="dt-a" title="search for Articles in Conference Proceedings and Collected Volumes"> <input type="checkbox" id="dt-a" name="dt" class="form-control" value="a" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Collection Articles </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label for="dt-b" title="search for Monographs, Proceedings, Dissertations etc."> <input type="checkbox" id="dt-b" name="dt" class="form-control" value="b" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Books </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label for="dt-p" title="search for arXiv Preprints"> <input type="checkbox" id="dt-p" name="dt" class="form-control" value="p" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> arXiv Preprints </label> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 buttons"> <a tabindex="0" class="btn btn-default clear-all">Reset all <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-remove"></span></a> <div class="submit"> <button class="btn btn-default search" type="submit">Search <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </form> <form class="form-inline" name="documents" method="GET" action="/"> <div class="documents one-line" style="display: block;"> <div class="forms"> <ul class="nav forms"> <li class="multi-line"><a href="#">New Multi-Line Search <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-list"></span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="search-row" class="input-group box"> <span> <div id="search-field"> <input class="query form-control" type="text" name="q" value="an:1436.62384" aria-label="Search for documents" placeholder="Search for documents" autocomplete="off"> </div> <div class="search-buttons input-group-btn"> <div class="btn-group"> <button class="btn btn-default search" type="submit"><span class="virtual">Search</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search" style="top: 2px;"></span></button> </div> </div> </span> <span> <div class="search-buttons input-group-btn"> <div class="btn-group"> <div class="btn-group fields"> <button class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Fields <i class="caret"></i></button> <ul id="fields" class="dropdown-menu pull-right"> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">any:</span><span> </span>anywhere (default)</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">ab:</span><span> </span>review text</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">an:</span><span> </span>zbmath id</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">any:</span><span> </span>anywhere</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">au:</span><span> </span>contributor name</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">br:</span><span> </span>biographic reference name</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">cc:</span><span> </span>msc title</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">dt:</span><span> </span>document type</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">doi:</span><span> </span>doi</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">en:</span><span> </span>external id</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">la:</span><span> </span>language</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">pu:</span><span> </span>publisher</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">py:</span><span> </span>year</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">rv:</span><span> </span>reviewer name</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">so:</span><span> </span>source</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">sw:</span><span> </span>software name</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">ti:</span><span> </span>title</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">ut:</span><span> </span>keyword</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="btn-group operators"> <button class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Operators <i class="caret"></i></button> <ul id="operators" class="dropdown-menu pull-right"> <li><a href="#"><span class="token">a <span class="item">&</span> b </span><span> </span>logical and (default)</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token">a <span class="item">|</span> b </span><span> </span>logical or</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token"><span class="item">!</span>ab </span><span> </span>logical not</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token">abc<span class="item">*</span> </span><span> </span>right wildcard</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token"><span class="item">"</span>ab c<span class="item">"</span></span><span> </span>phrase</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token"><span class="item">(</span>ab c<span class="item">)</span></span><span> </span>parentheses</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="special"> <ul class="nav help-button"> <li class="dropdown pull-right"> <a href="#">Help <i class="caret"></i></a> </li> </ul> </div> </span> </div> <div class="help"><h2>Examples</h2> <div id="help-terms" role="table"> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=Geometry">Geometry</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell" role="cell">Search for the term <em>Geometry</em> in <strong>any</strong> field. Queries are <strong>case-independent</strong>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=Funct%2A">Funct*</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell"><strong>Wildcard</strong> queries are specified by <strong><u>*</u></strong> (e.g. <em>functions</em>, <em>functorial</em>, etc.). Otherwise the search is <strong>exact</strong>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=%22Topological+group%22">"Topological group"</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell"><strong>Phrases</strong> (multi-words) should be set in <u>"</u>straight quotation marks<u>"</u>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=au%3A+Bourbaki+%26+ti%3A+Algebra">au: Bourbaki & ti: Algebra</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">Search for <strong><u>au</u>thor</strong> and <strong><u>ti</u>tle</strong>. The <strong>and-operator &</strong> is default and can be omitted.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=Chebyshev+%7C+Tschebyscheff">Chebyshev | Tschebyscheff</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">The <strong>or-operator |</strong> allows to search for <em>Chebyshev</em> or <em>Tschebyscheff</em>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=Quasi%2A+map%2A+py%3A+1989">Quasi* map* py: 1989</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">The resulting documents have <strong><u>p</u>ublication <u>y</u>ear</strong> <em>1989</em>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=so%3A+Eur%2A+J%2A+Mat%2A+Soc%2A+cc%3A+14">so: Eur* J* Mat* Soc* cc: 14</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">Search for publications in a particular <strong><u>so</u>urce</strong> with a <strong>Mathematics Subject <u>C</u>lassification <u>c</u>ode (<u>cc</u>)</strong> in <em>14</em>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=%22Partial+diff%2A+eq%2A%22+%21+elliptic">"Partial diff* eq*" ! elliptic</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">The <strong>not</strong>-operator <strong>!</strong> eliminates all results containing the word <em>elliptic</em>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=dt%3A+b+%26+au%3A+Hilbert">dt: b & au: Hilbert</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">The <strong><u>d</u>ocument <u>t</u>ype</strong> is set to books; alternatively: <u>j</u> for <strong>journal articles</strong>, <u>a</u> for <strong>book articles</strong>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=py%3A+2000-2015+cc%3A+%2894A+%7C+11T%29">py: 2000-2015 cc: (94A | 11T)</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">Number <strong>ranges</strong> are accepted. Terms can be grouped within <strong><u>(</u>parentheses<u>)</u></strong>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=la%3A+chinese">la: chinese</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">Find documents in a given <strong><u>la</u>nguage</strong>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-1">ISO 639-1</a> language codes can also be used.</span> </div> </div> <div id="help-fields"> <h2>Fields</h2> <table> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>any</strong></td> <td class="padding">anywhere</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>an</strong></td> <td class="padding">internal document identifier</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>au</strong></td> <td class="padding">author, editor</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>ai</strong></td> <td class="padding">internal author identifier</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>ti</strong></td> <td class="padding">title</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>la</strong></td> <td class="padding">language</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>so</strong></td> <td class="padding">source</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>ab</strong></td> <td class="padding">review, abstract</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>py</strong></td> <td class="padding">publication year</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>rv</strong></td> <td class="padding">reviewer</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>cc</strong></td> <td class="padding">MSC code</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>ut</strong></td> <td class="padding">uncontrolled term</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>dt</strong></td> <td class="padding" colspan="4">document type (<strong>j</strong>: journal article; <strong>b</strong>: book; <strong>a</strong>: book article)</td> </tr> </table> </div> <div id="help-operators"> <h2>Operators</h2> <table> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader">a <strong>&</strong> b</td> <td class="padding">logic and</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader">a <strong>|</strong> b</td> <td class="padding">logic or</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>!</strong>ab</td> <td class="padding">logic not</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader">abc<strong>*</strong></td> <td class="padding">right wildcard</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>"</strong>ab c<strong>"</strong></td> <td class="padding">phrase</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>(</strong>ab c<strong>)</strong></td> <td class="padding">parentheses</td> </tr> </table> </div> <p> See also our <a href="/general-help/">General Help</a>. </p></div> </div> </form> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="content-shadow"></div> </div> </div> <div id="body"> <div id="main"> <div class="messages"> </div> <div id="documents"> <div class="content-main"> <div class="content-item"><div class="item"> <article> <div class="author"><a href="/authors/lu.xiaonan" title="Author Profile">Lu, Xiao-Nan</a>; <a href="/authors/jimbo.masakazu" title="Author Profile">Jimbo, Masakazu</a></div> <h2 class="title"> <strong>Arrays for combinatorial interaction testing: a review on constructive approaches.</strong> <i>(English)</i> <a class="label nowrap" href="/1436.62384">Zbl 1436.62384</a> </h2> <div class="source"> <a href="/serials/9452" title="Journal Profile">Jpn. J. Stat. Data Sci.</a> <a href="/?q=in%3A447364" title="Articles in this Issue">2, No. 2, 641-667 (2019)</a>. </div> <div class="abstract">Summary: Interaction faults in component-based complex systems have been investigated from various aspects in the past few decades. The key issue is that, in a complex system, not only a single variable may cause the failure, but also the interactions among different variables. Combinatorial interaction testing has been established as one of the most fundamental and effective tools for identifying and locating the faulty interactions. This paper presents a review of the brief history, essential problems, and significant results on arrays for combinatorial interaction testing, including covering arrays, locating arrays, detecting arrays, and their variations. Specific approaches on explicit constructions for covering arrays involving information-theoretic methods are reviewed. Finally, we propose two improved bounds for studying the optimality of locating arrays.</div> <div class="clear"></div> <br> <div class="citations"><div class="clear"><a href="/?q=rf%3A7176850">Cited in <strong>1</strong> Document</a></div></div> <div class="classification"> <h3>MSC:</h3> <table><tr> <td> <a class="mono" href="/classification/?q=cc%3A62K15" title="MSC2020">62K15</a> </td> <td class="space"> Factorial statistical designs </td> </tr><tr> <td> <a class="mono" href="/classification/?q=cc%3A05B15" title="MSC2020">05B15</a> </td> <td class="space"> Orthogonal arrays, Latin squares, Room squares </td> </tr><tr> <td> <a class="mono" href="/classification/?q=cc%3A62-02" title="MSC2020">62-02</a> </td> <td class="space"> Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to statistics </td> </tr><tr> <td> <a class="mono" href="/classification/?q=cc%3A62-08" title="MSC2020">62-08</a> </td> <td class="space"> Computational methods for problems pertaining to statistics </td> </tr></table> </div><div class="keywords"> <h3>Keywords:</h3><a href="/?q=ut%3Afactorial+design">factorial design</a>; <a href="/?q=ut%3Asoftware+testing">software testing</a>; <a href="/?q=ut%3Aorthogonal+array">orthogonal array</a>; <a href="/?q=ut%3Acovering+array">covering array</a>; <a href="/?q=ut%3Alocating+array">locating array</a>; <a href="/?q=ut%3Adetecting+array">detecting array</a></div> <!-- Modal used to show zbmath metadata in different output formats--> <div class="modal fade" id="metadataModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Cite</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="select-output" class="control-label">Format</label> <select id="select-output" class="form-control" aria-label="Select Metadata format"></select> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="metadataText" class="control-label">Result</label> <textarea class="form-control" id="metadataText" rows="10" style="min-width: 100%;max-width: 100%"></textarea> </div> <div id="metadata-alert" class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" style="display: none;"> <!-- alert for connection errors etc --> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="copyMetadata()">Copy to clipboard</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="functions clearfix"> <div class="function"> <!-- Button trigger metadata modal --> <a type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-xs pdf" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#metadataModal" data-itemtype="Zbl" data-itemname="Zbl 1436.62384" data-ciurl="/ci/07176850" data-biburl="/bibtex/07176850.bib" data-amsurl="/amsrefs/07176850.bib" data-xmlurl="/xml/07176850.xml" > Cite </a> <a class="btn btn-default btn-xs pdf" data-container="body" type="button" href="/pdf/07176850.pdf" title="Zbl 1436.62384 as PDF">Review PDF</a> </div> <div class="fulltexts"> <span class="fulltext">Full Text:</span> <a class="btn btn-default btn-xs" type="button" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s42081-019-00056-w" aria-label="DOI for “Arrays for combinatorial interaction testing: a review on constructive approaches”" title="10.1007/s42081-019-00056-w">DOI</a> </div> <div class="sfx" style="float: right;"> </div> </div> <div class="references"> <h3>References:</h3> <table><tr> <td>[1]</td> <td class="space">Akhtar, Y., & Maity, S. (2017a). Covering arrays on product graphs. Graphs and Combinatorics, 33(4), 635-652. · <a href="/1371.05224" class="nowrap">Zbl 1371.05224</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[2]</td> <td class="space">Akhtar, Y., & Maity, S. (2017b). Mixed covering arrays on \[33\]-uniform hypergraphs. Discrete Applied Mathematics, 232, 8-22. · <a href="/1372.05145" class="nowrap">Zbl 1372.05145</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[3]</td> <td class="space">Akhtar, Y., Maity, S., & Chandrasekharan, R.C. (2015). Covering arrays of strength four and software testing. In: Mathematics and Computing, pp. 391-398. Springer. · <a href="/1323.05029" class="nowrap">Zbl 1323.05029</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[4]</td> <td class="space">Alon, N. (1986). Explicit construction of exponential sized families of \[k\] k-independent sets. Discrete Mathematics, 58(2), 191-193. · <a href="/0588.05003" class="nowrap">Zbl 0588.05003</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[5]</td> <td class="space">Bush, K. (1952). A generalization of a theorem due to MacNeish. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 23(2), 293-295. · <a href="/0047.01702" class="nowrap">Zbl 0047.01702</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[6]</td> <td class="space">Busschbach, P. (1984). Constructive methods to solve the problems of \[s\] s-surjectivity, conflict resolution, coding in defective memories. Report 84D005, Ecole Nationale Supér. Télécomm., Paris.</td> </tr><tr> <td>[7]</td> <td class="space">Chandra, A. K., Kou, L. T., Markowsky, G., & Zaks, S. (1983). On sets of boolean \[n\] n-vectors with all \[k\] k-projections surjective. Acta Informatica, 20(1), 103-111. · <a href="/0519.94017" class="nowrap">Zbl 0519.94017</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[8]</td> <td class="space">Chateauneuf, M., & Kreher, D. L. (2002). On the state of strength-three covering arrays. Journal of Combinatorial Designs, 10(4), 217-238. · <a href="/1003.05022" class="nowrap">Zbl 1003.05022</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[9]</td> <td class="space">Chee, Y. M., Colbourn, C. J., Horsley, D., & Zhou, J. (2013). Sequence covering arrays. SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, 27(4), 1844-1861. · <a href="/1292.05079" class="nowrap">Zbl 1292.05079</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[10]</td> <td class="space">Choi, S., Kim, H. K., & Oh, D. Y. (2012). Structures and lower bounds for binary covering arrays. Discrete Mathematics, 312(19), 2958-2968. · <a href="/1248.05018" class="nowrap">Zbl 1248.05018</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[11]</td> <td class="space">Cohen, G. D., & Zémor, G. (1994). Intersecting codes and independent families. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 40(6), 1872-1881. · <a href="/0826.94027" class="nowrap">Zbl 0826.94027</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[12]</td> <td class="space">Colbourn, C. J. (2004). Combinatorial aspects of covering arrays. Le Matematiche (Catania), 59(1-2), 125-172. · <a href="/1195.05017" class="nowrap">Zbl 1195.05017</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[13]</td> <td class="space">Colbourn, CJ; Colbourn, CJ (ed.); Dinitz, JH (ed.), Covering arrays, 361-364 (2006), Boca Raton</td> </tr><tr> <td>[14]</td> <td class="space">Colbourn, C. J. (2008). Strength two covering arrays: Existence tables and projection. Discrete Mathematics, 308(5-6), 772-786. · <a href="/1134.05013" class="nowrap">Zbl 1134.05013</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[15]</td> <td class="space">Colbourn, C. J. (2010). Covering arrays from cyclotomy. Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 55(2-3), 201-219. · <a href="/1215.05019" class="nowrap">Zbl 1215.05019</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[16]</td> <td class="space">Colbourn, CJ; Crnković, D. (ed.); Tonchev, V. (ed.), Covering arrays and hash families, 99-136 (2011), Amsterdam</td> </tr><tr> <td>[17]</td> <td class="space">Colbourn, C. J., & Dinitz, J. H. (2006). Handbook of Combinatorial Designs (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. (Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications). · <a href="/0836.00010" class="nowrap">Zbl 0836.00010</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[18]</td> <td class="space">Colbourn, C.J. (2019) Covering array tables for \[t=2,3,4,5,6\] t=2,3,4,5,6. http://www.public.asu.edu/ ccolbou/src/tabby/catable.html. Accessed 25 Mar 2019.</td> </tr><tr> <td>[19]</td> <td class="space">Colbourn, C. J., & Fan, B. (2016). Locating one pairwise interaction: Three recursive constructions. Journal of Algebra Combinatorics Discrete Structures and Applications, 3(3), 127-134. · <a href="/1425.05025" class="nowrap">Zbl 1425.05025</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[20]</td> <td class="space">Colbourn, C. J., Fan, B., & Horsley, D. (2016). Disjoint spread systems and fault location. SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, 30(4), 2011-2026. · <a href="/1348.05045" class="nowrap">Zbl 1348.05045</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[21]</td> <td class="space">Colbourn, C. J., Kéri, G., Soriano, P. R., & Schlage-Puchta, J. C. (2010). Covering and radius-covering arrays: Constructions and classification. Discrete Applied Mathematics, 158(11), 1158-1180. · <a href="/1231.05033" class="nowrap">Zbl 1231.05033</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[22]</td> <td class="space">Colbourn, C. J., Lanus, E., & Sarkar, K. (2018). Asymptotic and constructive methods for covering perfect hash families and covering arrays. Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 86(4), 907-937. · <a href="/1383.05045" class="nowrap">Zbl 1383.05045</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[23]</td> <td class="space">Colbourn, C. J., & McClary, D. W. (2008). Locating and detecting arrays for interaction faults. Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, 15(1), 17-48. · <a href="/1149.90090" class="nowrap">Zbl 1149.90090</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[24]</td> <td class="space">Colbourn, C. J., Martirosyan, S. S., Mullen, G. L., Shasha, D., Sherwood, G. B., & Yucas, J. L. (2006). Products of mixed covering arrays of strength two. Journal of Combinatorial Designs, 14(2), 124-138. · <a href="/1134.05306" class="nowrap">Zbl 1134.05306</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[25]</td> <td class="space">Colbourn, C. J., Martirosyan, S. S., Van Trung, T., & Walker, R. A. (2006). Roux-type constructions for covering arrays of strengths three and four. Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 41(1), 33-57. · <a href="/1182.05026" class="nowrap">Zbl 1182.05026</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[26]</td> <td class="space">Colbourn, C. J., & Syrotiuk, V. R. (2018). On a combinatorial framework for fault characterization. Mathematics in Computer Science, 12(4), 429-451. · <a href="/1433.68268" class="nowrap">Zbl 1433.68268</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[27]</td> <td class="space">Colbourn, C. J., & Torres-Jimenez, J. (2010). Heterogeneous hash families and covering arrays. Contemporary Mathematics, 523, 3-15. · <a href="/1226.05061" class="nowrap">Zbl 1226.05061</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[28]</td> <td class="space">Colbourn, C. J., & Zhou, J. (2012). Improving two recursive constructions for covering arrays. Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice, 6(1), 30-47. · <a href="/1418.05036" class="nowrap">Zbl 1418.05036</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[29]</td> <td class="space">Dalal, S. R., & Mallows, C. L. (1998). Factor-covering designs for testing software. Technometrics, 40(3), 234-243.</td> </tr><tr> <td>[30]</td> <td class="space">Friedman, J. (1984). Constructing \[O (n \log n)O\](nlogn) size monotone formulae for the \[k\] kth elementary symmetric polynomial of \[n\] n Boolean variables. In: 25th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (pp. 506-515). IEEE</td> </tr><tr> <td>[31]</td> <td class="space">Godbole, A. P., Skipper, D. E., & Sunley, R. A. (1996). \[t\] t-Covering arrays: Upper bounds and poisson approximations. Combinatorics, Probability and Computing, 5(2), 105-117. · <a href="/0865.60008" class="nowrap">Zbl 0865.60008</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[32]</td> <td class="space">Grindal, M., Offutt, J., & Andler, S. F. (2005). Combination testing strategies: A survey. Software Testing, Verification and Reliability, 15(3), 167-199.</td> </tr><tr> <td>[33]</td> <td class="space">Hartman, A.; Golumbic, MC (ed.); Hartman, IBA (ed.), Software and hardware testing using combinatorial covering suites, 237-266 (2005), New York · <a href="/1089.68023" class="nowrap">Zbl 1089.68023</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[34]</td> <td class="space">Hartman, A., & Raskin, L. (2004). Problems and algorithms for covering arrays. Discrete Mathematics, 284(1-3), 149-156. · <a href="/1044.05029" class="nowrap">Zbl 1044.05029</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[35]</td> <td class="space">Hedayat, A. S., Sloane, N. J. A., & Stufken, J. (1999). Orthogonal arrays: Theory and applications. Springer series in statistics. New York: Springer. · <a href="/0935.05001" class="nowrap">Zbl 0935.05001</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[36]</td> <td class="space">Ji, L., & Yin, J. (2010). Constructions of new orthogonal arrays and covering arrays of strength three. Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A, 117(3), 236-247. · <a href="/1228.05087" class="nowrap">Zbl 1228.05087</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[37]</td> <td class="space">Jin, H., & Tsuchiya, T. (2018a). Constrained locating arrays for combinatorial interaction testing. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.06041</td> </tr><tr> <td>[38]</td> <td class="space">Jin, H., & Tsuchiya, T. (2018b). Deriving fault locating test cases from constrained covering arrays. In: 2018 IEEE 23rd Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing (PRDC) (pp. 233-240). IEEE</td> </tr><tr> <td>[39]</td> <td class="space">Johnson, K. A., & Entringer, R. (1989). Largest induced subgraphs of the \[n\] n-cube that contain no \[44\]-cycles. Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B, 46(3), 346-355. · <a href="/0626.05029" class="nowrap">Zbl 0626.05029</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[40]</td> <td class="space">Katona, G. O. (1973). Two applications (for search theory and truth functions) of Sperner type theorems. Periodica Mathematica Hungarica, 3(1-2), 19-26. · <a href="/0266.05001" class="nowrap">Zbl 0266.05001</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[41]</td> <td class="space">Kleitman, D. J., & Spencer, J. (1973). Families of \[k\] k-independent sets. Discrete Mathematics, 6(3), 255-262. · <a href="/0269.05002" class="nowrap">Zbl 0269.05002</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[42]</td> <td class="space">Kuhn, D. R., Bryce, R., Duan, F., Ghandehari, L. S., Lei, Y., & Kacker, R. N. (2015). Combinatorial testing: Theory and practice. In: A. Memon (Ed.), Advanced in Computers (vol. 99, pp. 1-66). Elsevier.</td> </tr><tr> <td>[43]</td> <td class="space">Kuhn, D. R., Kacker, R. N., & Lei, Y. (2013). Introduction to combinatorial testing. Chapman & Hall/CRC Innovations in Software Engineering and Software Development. Boca Raton: CRC Press. · <a href="/1272.68004" class="nowrap">Zbl 1272.68004</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[44]</td> <td class="space">Kuhn, D.R., & Reilly, M.J. (2002). An investigation of the applicability of design of experiments to software testing. In: Proceedings of 27th Annual NASA Goddard/IEEE Software Engineering Workshop (pp. 91-95). IEEE.</td> </tr><tr> <td>[45]</td> <td class="space">Kuhn, D. R., Wallace, D. R., & Gallo, A. M. (2004). Software fault interactions and implications for software testing. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 30(6), 418-421.</td> </tr><tr> <td>[46]</td> <td class="space">Lawrence, J., Kacker, R. N., Lei, Y., Kuhn, D. R., & Forbes, M. (2011). A survey of binary covering arrays. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 18(1), #P84. · <a href="/1298.05048" class="nowrap">Zbl 1298.05048</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[47]</td> <td class="space">Li, Y., Ji, L., & Yin, J. (2009). Covering arrays of strength 3 and 4 from holey difference matrices. Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 50(3), 339-350. · <a href="/1247.05042" class="nowrap">Zbl 1247.05042</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[48]</td> <td class="space">Lidl, R., & Niederreiter, H. (1997). Finite Fields (2nd ed., Vol. 20). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications). · <a href="/0866.11069" class="nowrap">Zbl 0866.11069</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[49]</td> <td class="space">Lu, X. N., & Jimbo, M. (2019). Locating arrays with error tolerance. Manuscript in preparation.</td> </tr><tr> <td>[50]</td> <td class="space">MacWilliams, F. J., & Sloane, N. J. A. (1977). The theory of error-correcting codes, North-Holland. New York: Elsevier. · <a href="/0369.94008" class="nowrap">Zbl 0369.94008</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[51]</td> <td class="space">Maity, S., Akhtar, Y., Chandrasekharan, R. C., & Colbourn, C. J. (2018). Improved strength four covering arrays with three symbols. Graphs and Combinatorics, 34(1), 223-239. · <a href="/1386.05017" class="nowrap">Zbl 1386.05017</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[52]</td> <td class="space">Maltais, E., & Moura, L. (2011). Hardness results for covering arrays avoiding forbidden edges and error-locating arrays. Theoretical Computer Science, 412(46), 6517-6530. · <a href="/1228.68031" class="nowrap">Zbl 1228.68031</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[53]</td> <td class="space">Mandl, R. (1985). Orthogonal latin squares: An application of experiment design to compiler testing. Communications of the ACM, 28(10), 1054-1058.</td> </tr><tr> <td>[54]</td> <td class="space">Marczewski, E. (1948). Indépendance d’ensembles et prolongement de mesures (résultats et problèmes). Colloquium Mathematicum, 2(1), 122-132. · <a href="/0038.03503" class="nowrap">Zbl 0038.03503</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[55]</td> <td class="space">Martínez, C., Moura, L., Panario, D., & Stevens, B. (2009). Locating errors using ELAs, covering arrays, and adaptive testing algorithms. SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, 23(4), 1776-1799. · <a href="/1210.94126" class="nowrap">Zbl 1210.94126</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[56]</td> <td class="space">Martirosyan, S., & van Trung, T. (2004). On \[t\] t-covering arrays. Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 32(1), 323-339. · <a href="/1046.05020" class="nowrap">Zbl 1046.05020</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[57]</td> <td class="space">Moura, L., Mullen, G. L., & Panario, D. (2016). Finite field constructions of combinatorial arrays. Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 78(1), 197-219. · <a href="/1332.05026" class="nowrap">Zbl 1332.05026</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[58]</td> <td class="space">Moura, L., Stardom, J., Stevens, B., & Williams, A. (2003). Covering arrays with mixed alphabet sizes. Journal of Combinatorial Designs, 11(6), 413-432. · <a href="/1031.05027" class="nowrap">Zbl 1031.05027</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[59]</td> <td class="space">Munemasa, A. (1998). Orthogonal arrays, primitive trinomials, and shift-register sequences. Finite Fields and Their Applications, 4(3), 252-260. · <a href="/0978.94037" class="nowrap">Zbl 0978.94037</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[60]</td> <td class="space">Nie, C., & Leung, H. (2011). A survey of combinatorial testing. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 43(2), 11. · <a href="/1293.68080" class="nowrap">Zbl 1293.68080</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[61]</td> <td class="space">Nurmela, K. J. (2004). Upper bounds for covering arrays by tabu search. Discrete Applied Mathematics, 138(1-2), 143-152. · <a href="/1034.05013" class="nowrap">Zbl 1034.05013</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[62]</td> <td class="space">Raaphorst, S., Moura, L., & Stevens, B. (2014). A construction for strength-3 covering arrays from linear feedback shift register sequences. Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 73(3), 949-968. · <a href="/1297.05040" class="nowrap">Zbl 1297.05040</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[63]</td> <td class="space">Raaphorst, S., Moura, L., & Stevens, B. (2018). Variable strength covering arrays. Journal of Combinatorial Designs, 26(9), 417-438. · <a href="/1402.05023" class="nowrap">Zbl 1402.05023</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[64]</td> <td class="space">Rao, C. R. (1947). Factorial experiments derivable from combinatorial arrangements of arrays. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Supplement), 9(1), 128-139. · <a href="/0031.06201" class="nowrap">Zbl 0031.06201</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[65]</td> <td class="space">Rényi, A. (1970). Foundations of probability. San Francisco: Holden-Day. · <a href="/0203.49801" class="nowrap">Zbl 0203.49801</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[66]</td> <td class="space">Roux, G. (1987). \[k\] k-propriétés dans les tableaux de n colonnes: cas particulier de la \[k\] k-surjectivité et de la \[k\] k-permutivité. Ph.D. thesis, University of Paris 6.</td> </tr><tr> <td>[67]</td> <td class="space">Sarkar, K., & Colbourn, C. J. (2017). Upper bounds on the size of covering arrays. SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, 31(2), 1277-1293. · <a href="/1365.05039" class="nowrap">Zbl 1365.05039</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[68]</td> <td class="space">Satoh, S., & Shimokawa, H. (1984). Methods for setting software test parameters using the design of experiments method (in Japanese). In: Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Quality Control in Software, pp. 1-8. Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers (JUSE)</td> </tr><tr> <td>[69]</td> <td class="space">Sheng, Y., Sun, C., Jiang, S., & Wei, C. (2018). Extended covering arrays for sequence coverage. Symmetry, 10(5), 146.</td> </tr><tr> <td>[70]</td> <td class="space">Sherwood, G. B., Martirosyan, S. S., & Colbourn, C. J. (2006). Covering arrays of higher strength from permutation vectors. Journal of Combinatorial Designs, 14(3), 202-213. · <a href="/1092.05010" class="nowrap">Zbl 1092.05010</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[71]</td> <td class="space">Shi, C., Tang, Y., & Yin, J. (2012a). The equivalence between optimal detecting arrays and super-simple OAs. Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 62(2), 131-142. · <a href="/1283.05045" class="nowrap">Zbl 1283.05045</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[72]</td> <td class="space">Shi, C., Tang, Y., & Yin, J. (2012b). Optimal locating arrays for at most two faults. Science China Mathematics, 55(1), 197-206. · <a href="/1239.05026" class="nowrap">Zbl 1239.05026</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[73]</td> <td class="space">Shi, C., & Wang, C. M. (2016). Optimum detecting arrays for independent interaction faults. Acta Mathematica Sinica, English Series, 32(2), 199-212. · <a href="/1331.05046" class="nowrap">Zbl 1331.05046</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[74]</td> <td class="space">Shi, C., & Yin, J. (2014). Existence of super-simple OA \[{}_{\lambda }(3, 5, v)\] λ(3,5,v)’s. Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 72(2), 369-380. · <a href="/1292.05063" class="nowrap">Zbl 1292.05063</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[75]</td> <td class="space">Sloane, N. J. (1993). Covering arrays and intersecting codes. Journal of Combinatorial Designs, 1(1), 51-63. · <a href="/0828.05023" class="nowrap">Zbl 0828.05023</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[76]</td> <td class="space">Stevens, B., & Mendelsohn, E. (1999). New recursive methods for transversal covers. Journal of Combinatorial Designs, 7(3), 185-203. · <a href="/0916.05005" class="nowrap">Zbl 0916.05005</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[77]</td> <td class="space">Stevens, B., Moura, L., & Mendelsohn, E. (1998). Lower bounds for transversal covers. Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 15(3), 279-299. · <a href="/0924.05009" class="nowrap">Zbl 0924.05009</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[78]</td> <td class="space">Stinson, D. R., Van Trung, T., & Wei, R. (2000). Secure frameproof codes, key distribution patterns, group testing algorithms and related structures. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 86(2), 595-617. · <a href="/1054.94013" class="nowrap">Zbl 1054.94013</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[79]</td> <td class="space">Taguchi, G. (1962). Design of experiments (in Japanese). Tokyo: Maruzen. · <a href="/0118.13806" class="nowrap">Zbl 0118.13806</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[80]</td> <td class="space">Tang, Y., Colbourn, C. J., & Yin, J. (2012). Optimality and constructions of locating arrays. Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice, 6(1), 20-29. · <a href="/1418.05040" class="nowrap">Zbl 1418.05040</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[81]</td> <td class="space">Tang, Y., & Yin, J. X. (2011). Detecting arrays and their optimality. Acta Mathematica Sinica, English Series, 27(12), 2309-2318. · <a href="/1260.05022" class="nowrap">Zbl 1260.05022</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[82]</td> <td class="space">Tatsumi, K. (1987). Test case design support system. In: Proc. International Conference on Quality Control (ICQC’87), pp. 615-620.</td> </tr><tr> <td>[83]</td> <td class="space">Tzanakis, G., Moura, L., Panario, D., & Stevens, B. (2016). Constructing new covering arrays from LFSR sequences over finite fields. Discrete Mathematics, 339(3), 1158-1171. · <a href="/1328.05027" class="nowrap">Zbl 1328.05027</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[84]</td> <td class="space">Tzanakis, G., Moura, L., Panario, D., & Stevens, B. (2017). Covering arrays from m-sequences and character sums. Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 85(3), 437-456. · <a href="/1418.05041" class="nowrap">Zbl 1418.05041</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[85]</td> <td class="space">Walker, R. A, I. I., & Colbourn, C. J. (2007). Perfect hash families: Constructions and existence. Journal of Mathematical Cryptology, 1(2), 125-150. · <a href="/1128.05012" class="nowrap">Zbl 1128.05012</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[86]</td> <td class="space">Walker, R. A, I. I., & Colbourn, C. J. (2009). Tabu search for covering arrays using permutation vectors. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 139(1), 69-80. · <a href="/1284.62497" class="nowrap">Zbl 1284.62497</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[87]</td> <td class="space">Wu, C. J., & Hamada, M. S. (2009). Experiments: Planning, analysis, and optimization (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley. (Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics). · <a href="/1229.62100" class="nowrap">Zbl 1229.62100</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[88]</td> <td class="space">Yoshida, T. (1985). Attaining higher quality in software development—Evaluation in practice. Fujitsu Scientific and Technical Journal, 21, 305-316.</td> </tr></table> <div class="reference_disclaimer"> This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching. </div> </div></article> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> <div id="foot"><div class="copyright"> © 2025 <a target="fiz" href="https://www.fiz-karlsruhe.de/en">FIZ Karlsruhe GmbH</a> <a href="/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a> <a href="/legal-notices/">Legal Notices</a> <a href="/terms-conditions/">Terms & Conditions</a> <div class="info"> <ul class="nav"> <li class="mastodon"> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/@zbMATH" target="_blank" class="no-new-tab-icon"> <img src="/static/mastodon.png" title="zbMATH at Mathstodon (opens in new tab)" alt="Mastodon logo"> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix" style="height: 0px;"></div> </div> </div> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/jquery-caret/1.5.2/jquery.caret.min.js"></script> <script src="/static/js/jquery-ui-1.10.1.custom.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap/v3.3.7zb1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap-lightbox/v0.7.0/bootstrap-lightbox.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/retina/unknown/retina.js"></script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap-select/v1.13.14/js/bootstrap-select.min.js"></script> <script> var SCRIPT_ROOT = ""; </script> <script src="/static/scripts.js?v=20240926"> </script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script> <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ "HTML-CSS": { preferredFont: "TeX", availableFonts: [ "STIX", "TeX" ], linebreaks: { automatic: true }, EqnChunk: (MathJax.Hub.Browser.isMobile ? 10 : 50) }, tex2jax: { processEscapes: true, ignoreClass: "tex2jax_ignore|dno" }, TeX: { Macros: { Aut: "\\operatorname{Aut}", Hom: "\\operatorname{Hom}" }, noUndefined: { attributes: { mathcolor: "#039", //"red", mathbackground: "white", //"#FFEEEE", mathsize: "90%" } } }, messageStyle: "none" }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { $("#MathInput").stop(true, true).keyup(function() { $.ajax({ url: "/mwsq/", type: "POST", data: { query : $("#MathInput").val() }, dataType: "text" }) .done(function(xml) { $("#MathPreview").html(xml); $(window).resize(); }); }); var press = jQuery.Event("keyup"); press.ctrlKey = false; press.which = 40; $("#MathInput").trigger(press); }); </script> <div id="new_tab_icon" style="display: none"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-new-window" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="sr-only">(opens in new tab)</span></div> </body> </html>