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mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="有关本IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-感受聲帶的振動" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#感受聲帶的振動"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>感受聲帶的振動</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-感受聲帶的振動-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-擦音的清濁" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#擦音的清濁"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>擦音的清濁</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-擦音的清濁-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-塞擦音的清濁" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#塞擦音的清濁"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>塞擦音的清濁</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-塞擦音的清濁-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-響音的清濁" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#響音的清濁"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>響音的清濁</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-響音的清濁-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-塞音的清濁" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#塞音的清濁"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>塞音的清濁</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-塞音的清濁-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关塞音的清濁子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-塞音的清濁-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-VOT" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#VOT"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>VOT</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-VOT-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-濁聲持阻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#濁聲持阻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>濁聲持阻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-濁聲持阻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>方法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">國際音標/清濁輔音</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="这篇条目只存在于此语言中。添加其他语言的条目" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">添加语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:NewItem?site=zhwikibooks&page=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99%2F%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3" title="添加跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">添加链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3" title="查看内容页面[c]" accesskey="c"><span>页面</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="有关内容页面的讨论（页面不存在）[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>港澳繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>马新简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3&action=history" title="该页面过去的修订[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 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<div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基教科书，自由的教学读本</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="subpages">< <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">國際音標</a></bdi></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><p><b>清濁</b>的區別在於聲帶振動與否，不振動的爲<b>清聲</b>，不振動的爲<b>濁聲</b>。清聲的輔音簡稱爲<b>清音</b>，濁聲的輔音簡稱爲<b>濁音</b>，清聲的元音稱爲<b>清化元音</b>，濁聲的元音無標記。國際音標中，使用不同的符號來表示清音和濁音，例如<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%9B%99%E8%84%A3%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" class="extiw" title="w:清雙脣塞音">清雙脣塞音</a>用<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[p]</span>而<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%9B%99%E8%84%A3%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" class="extiw" title="w:濁雙脣塞音">濁雙脣塞音</a>則用<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[b]</span>，<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%84%A3%E9%BD%92%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" class="extiw" title="w:清脣齒塞音">清脣齒塞音</a>用<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[f]</span>而<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%84%A3%E9%BD%92%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" class="extiw" title="w:濁脣齒塞音">濁脣齒塞音</a>則用<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[v]</span>等。 </p><p>其實清濁作爲兩種<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E8%81%B2%E6%85%8B" class="extiw" title="w:發聲態">發聲態</a>，任何語言中都有，因爲任何語言中都有清輔音和元音。因此學習分辨和發聲的關鍵是在於如何將已會的清濁之分推廣到其他的清濁之分。清濁聲時聲帶的狀態不同，發清聲時全開，讓氣流自由通過，因此往往清聲氣流較強，而發濁聲時半閉，氣流不能完全自由通過時，吹動聲帶從而產生振動。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="感受聲帶的振動"><span id=".E6.84.9F.E5.8F.97.E8.81.B2.E5.B8.B6.E7.9A.84.E6.8C.AF.E5.8B.95"></span>感受聲帶的振動</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：感受聲帶的振動"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>第一步是直觀的體驗清濁的本質：聲帶振動的感受。將手指置於脖頸喉結處，試發「啊」，感受與不發音時的差異。如果手指擺放位置恰當，則手指尖應能明確感受到傳來的振動。無振動時即清聲，有振動時即濁聲（注意這裏是發聲態，而不是濁音）。如果使用Praat看頻譜圖像，則能觀察到發聲時有基音（能看到Pitch指示的藍色綫條），而靜音時無。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="擦音的清濁"><span id=".E6.93.A6.E9.9F.B3.E7.9A.84.E6.B8.85.E6.BF.81"></span>擦音的清濁</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：擦音的清濁"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Praat-zh-cmn-cosc-%E6%96%AF.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Praat-zh-cmn-cosc-%E6%96%AF.png/220px-Praat-zh-cmn-cosc-%E6%96%AF.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Praat-zh-cmn-cosc-%E6%96%AF.png/330px-Praat-zh-cmn-cosc-%E6%96%AF.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Praat-zh-cmn-cosc-%E6%96%AF.png/440px-Praat-zh-cmn-cosc-%E6%96%AF.png 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="5100" /></a><figcaption>「斯」字發音的圖像，從上至下依次是波形圖、頻譜圖和音高圖像</figcaption></figure> <p>試延長地發「斯」（<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[sz̩<sup>55</sup>]</span>，<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-si.ogg" title="关于这个音频文件"><img alt="关于这个音频文件" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> </span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Zh-si.ogg" class="internal" title="Zh-si.ogg">聽</a></span><small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;"> <sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/zh:Wikipedia:%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E5%B9%AB%E5%8A%A9" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:zh:Wikipedia:媒體幫助"><span style="cursor:help;">帮助</span></a>·<a href="/wiki/File:Zh-si.ogg" title="File:Zh-si.ogg"><span style="cursor:help;">信息</span></a></sup></small></span> sī <span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[sz̩<sup>55</sup>]</span>），應能感受到清聲至濁聲的變化，見右圖，可明顯看到在發韻母-i（<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[z̩<sup>55</sup>]</span>）時基音（最下的橫槓）的差異，音高圖像則僅在濁聲時有圖像。嘗試保持發聲母s時的口型不變、忽略聲調並進一步延長，則能得到<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[sz]</span>。感受其發聲時的感覺差異，並嘗試推廣至<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[fv]</span>、<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[ʂʐ]</span>等，然後錄音並隨機自我測試。 </p><p>之後嘗試在前後添加元音<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[a]</span>的<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[asa]</span>（<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant.ogg" title="关于这个音频文件"><img alt="关于这个音频文件" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> </span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant.ogg" class="internal" title="Voiceless alveolar sibilant.ogg">聽</a></span><small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;"> <sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/zh:Wikipedia:%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E5%B9%AB%E5%8A%A9" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:zh:Wikipedia:媒體幫助"><span style="cursor:help;">帮助</span></a>·<a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant.ogg" title="File:Voiceless alveolar sibilant.ogg"><span style="cursor:help;">信息</span></a></sup></small></span> <span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[sa.asa]</span>）和<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[aza]</span>（<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolar_sibilant.ogg" title="关于这个音频文件"><img alt="关于这个音频文件" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> </span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Voiced_alveolar_sibilant.ogg" class="internal" title="Voiced alveolar sibilant.ogg">[za.aza]</a></span><small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;"> <sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/zh:Wikipedia:%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E5%B9%AB%E5%8A%A9" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:zh:Wikipedia:媒體幫助"><span style="cursor:help;">帮助</span></a>·<a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolar_sibilant.ogg" title="File:Voiced alveolar sibilant.ogg"><span style="cursor:help;">信息</span></a></sup></small></span>），前者感受聲帶振動的變化，後者感受聲帶振動的持續性。後面請自行添加元音，下僅以輔音符號表示。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="塞擦音的清濁"><span id=".E5.A1.9E.E6.93.A6.E9.9F.B3.E7.9A.84.E6.B8.85.E6.BF.81"></span>塞擦音的清濁</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：塞擦音的清濁"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>漢語母語者往往能輕易辨別出漢語拼音z（<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[t͡s]</span>，<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-z%C3%AC.ogg" title="关于这个音频文件"><img alt="关于这个音频文件" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> </span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Zh-z%C3%AC.ogg" class="internal" title="Zh-zì.ogg">聽</a></span><small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;"> <sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/zh:Wikipedia:%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E5%B9%AB%E5%8A%A9" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:zh:Wikipedia:媒體幫助"><span style="cursor:help;">帮助</span></a>·<a href="/wiki/File:Zh-z%C3%AC.ogg" title="File:Zh-zì.ogg"><span style="cursor:help;">信息</span></a></sup></small></span> zì <span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[t͡sz̩<sup>51</sup>]</span>）和漢語拼音c（<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[t͡sʰ]</span>，<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-c%C3%AC.ogg" title="关于这个音频文件"><img alt="关于这个音频文件" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> </span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Zh-c%C3%AC.ogg" class="internal" title="Zh-cì.ogg">聽</a></span><small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;"> <sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/zh:Wikipedia:%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E5%B9%AB%E5%8A%A9" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:zh:Wikipedia:媒體幫助"><span style="cursor:help;">帮助</span></a>·<a href="/wiki/File:Zh-c%C3%AC.ogg" title="File:Zh-cì.ogg"><span style="cursor:help;">信息</span></a></sup></small></span> cì <span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[t͡sʰz̩<sup>51</sup>]</span>）的差異，然而值得注意的是，一般這兩個音都不是濁聲。另外由於漢語拼音的影響，容易混淆<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[z]</span>（<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolar_sibilant.ogg" title="关于这个音频文件"><img alt="关于这个音频文件" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> </span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Voiced_alveolar_sibilant.ogg" class="internal" title="Voiced alveolar sibilant.ogg">[za.aza]</a></span><small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;"> <sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/zh:Wikipedia:%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E5%B9%AB%E5%8A%A9" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:zh:Wikipedia:媒體幫助"><span style="cursor:help;">帮助</span></a>·<a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolar_sibilant.ogg" title="File:Voiced alveolar sibilant.ogg"><span style="cursor:help;">信息</span></a></sup></small></span>）和<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[t͡s]</span>（<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-z%C3%AC.ogg" title="关于这个音频文件"><img alt="关于这个音频文件" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> </span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Zh-z%C3%AC.ogg" class="internal" title="Zh-zì.ogg">聽</a></span><small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;"> <sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/zh:Wikipedia:%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E5%B9%AB%E5%8A%A9" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:zh:Wikipedia:媒體幫助"><span style="cursor:help;">帮助</span></a>·<a href="/wiki/File:Zh-z%C3%AC.ogg" title="File:Zh-zì.ogg"><span style="cursor:help;">信息</span></a></sup></small></span> zì <span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[t͡sz̩<sup>51</sup>]</span>），首先嘗試區別兩者，兩者的主要差異有：清濁，前者爲濁聲，後者爲清聲，因此前者聲帶振動，後者不振動；前者擦音，後者爲塞擦音，因此兩者動作不同，前者沒有阻塞過程（即主動發音部位和被動發音部位不發生接觸）而後者有等。 </p><p>然後嘗試在<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[t͡s]</span>（而不是<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[t͡sʰ]</span>）和<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[z]</span>基礎上發<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[d͡z]</span>，即聲帶振動的塞擦音，並最終實現能辨發<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[t͡s]</span>和<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[d͡z]</span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="響音的清濁"><span id=".E9.9F.BF.E9.9F.B3.E7.9A.84.E6.B8.85.E6.BF.81"></span>響音的清濁</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：響音的清濁"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>響音主要有近音、邊音、顫音、鼻音、閃音、元音等。響音一般是濁的，清響音就是在濁響音的基礎上去除聲帶振動，即將聲帶打開。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="塞音的清濁"><span id=".E5.A1.9E.E9.9F.B3.E7.9A.84.E6.B8.85.E6.BF.81"></span>塞音的清濁</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：塞音的清濁"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>對於沒有清濁塞音對立語言的母語者來說，分辨清濁塞音是最困難的。與塞擦音類似的，漢語母語者往往能輕易分辨漢語拼音b（<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[p]</span>）和p（<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[pʰ]</span>）、d（<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[t]</span>）和t（<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[tʰ]</span>）、g（<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[k]</span>）和k（<span title="這是國際音標的轉寫。參見維基百科頁面：國際音標。" class="IPA">[kʰ]</span>），然而這些音往往都是清聲。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="VOT">VOT</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：VOT"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>對於塞音和塞擦音等有爆破的輔音，有一個量度在區分，它就是<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/VOT" class="extiw" title="w:VOT">VOT</a>（<b>V</b>oice <b>O</b>nset <b>T</b>ime，帶聲起始時間）。VOT簡單來說，就是爆破時間和振動開始時間的差值，VOT大於0時，爲送氣清音，等於0時，爲嚴格不送氣清音，小於0時，爲不送氣濁音。日語的ば、だ、が行輔音的VOT一般在-20至-120之間不等，ぱ、た、か行輔音則在0至80之間不等。因此可以通過測量自己說話的VOT來判斷自己所發的音是否「夠濁」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="濁聲持阻"><span id=".E6.BF.81.E8.81.B2.E6.8C.81.E9.98.BB"></span>濁聲持阻</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：濁聲持阻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>濁塞音有一個特點，即在爆破之前就已經聲帶振動了，也就是說持阻的時候聲帶已經在振動了，這個時候如果不爆破出來，就會形成一個很沉悶的聲音，這個聲音不能持續太久，因爲此時鼻腔（被軟齶）、口腔（被持阻部位）都是堵住的，然而聲帶振動需要氣流帶動，所以導致口腔氣壓變大。這個聲音很沉悶，有點像腹部被打了一拳後的聲音，或者閉嘴閉鼻子憋氣的時候使勁從肺部放氣的感覺，聽起來有點像鼻音，但是沒有鼻腔共鳴的成分而且響度很小（因爲口腔是閉合的）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="方法"><span id=".E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>方法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：方法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>主要的方法是在一定程度能有意識地自由控制聲帶的基礎上，了解濁塞音的發音過程，並嘗試發音。有時可以使用其他的音來輔助，例如在軟齶封閉鼻腔的基礎上，嘗試發鼻音，以及在濁塞擦音的基礎上，嘗試去掉塞音部分等來接近。 </p> <div class="infobox sisterproject"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia-logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png/40px-Wikipedia-logo.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png/60px-Wikipedia-logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png/80px-Wikipedia-logo.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:首页">维基百科</a>中的相关条目： <div class="plainlinks" style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" class="extiw" title="w:清濁音">清濁音</a></b></div> </div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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