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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090421015629/http://prbblog.org/">Behind the Numbers: The PRB blog on population, health, and the environment</a></h1></div> <div class="hr"></div> <div class="hr2"></div> <div class="left"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Authors</h2> <ul> <li class="widget widget_authors"> <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090421015629/http://prbblog.org/?author=4" title="Posts by Bill Butz">Bill Butz</a> (7)</li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090421015629/http://prbblog.org/?author=6" title="Posts by Carl Haub">Carl Haub</a> (4)</li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090421015629/http://prbblog.org/?author=11" title="Posts by Charlie Teller">Charlie Teller</a> (3)</li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090421015629/http://prbblog.org/?author=14" title="Posts by Deborah Mesce">Deborah Mesce</a> (1)</li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090421015629/http://prbblog.org/?author=10" title="Posts by Eric Zuehlke">Eric 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Sharma, PRB’s consultant in India, for providing the data for this post and checking it for accuracy)</em></p> <p>With the 2010 U.S. Census, used to allocate seats in the House of Representatives, just around the corner and national elections now underway in India, this is a good time to look at how seats are allocated in both countries.</p> <p>In the United States, the constitutional purpose of the census is to allocate seats in the House. Of the 435 seats, each state receives one seat and the balance are allocated based on population size using the “method of equal proportions,” an ingenious method devised by Edward Vermilye Huntington, a Harvard instructor. Huntington’s method was established as the only method to be used in the future in 1941 in order to avoid the political squabbles that had erupted after previous censuses. The method allocates seats keeping the population size of each Congressional district as equal as possible. It is not possible for them to be exactly equal, of course. The number of seats is also important since a state’s electoral votes in Presidential elections is the number of House seats plus two (the number of Senate seats).</p> <p>In India, seats are also allocated based on population, but with a twist. India’s population policy was established in 1952 to lower the birth rate and slow population growth. Some states, such as Kerala and Tamil Nadu in southern India, have performed very well. Others, such as Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh in the north have not. These are very populous states as well as being India’s poorest. They are often referred to by the acronym “BIMARU,” which, by coincidence, also means “sick” in Hindi. Allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha, India’s lower, and more powerful chamber, was frozen back in 1973 to the 1971 Census count so as not to reward poorly-performing states on the family planning program with an increasing number of seats. As a result, as of 2001, Kerala and Tamil Nadu have 1.6 million population per seat, while Bihar and Uttar Pradesh have 2.1 million and Rajasthan a lofty 2.3 million per seat. 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