CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: optical intersatellite links</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: optical intersatellite links"> <meta name="keywords" content="optical intersatellite links"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="optical intersatellite links" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="optical intersatellite links"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2262</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: optical intersatellite links</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2262</span> Study and Analysis of Optical Intersatellite Links</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boudene%20Maamar">Boudene Maamar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xu%20Mai"> Xu Mai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optical Intersatellite Links (OISLs) are wireless communications using optical signals to interconnect satellites. It is expected to be the next generation wireless communication technology according to its inherent characteristics like: an increased bandwidth, a high data rate, a data transmission security, an immunity to interference, and an unregulated spectrum etc. Optical space links are the best choice for the classical communication schemes due to its distinctive properties; high frequency, small antenna diameter and lowest transmitted power, which are critical factors to define a space communication. This paper discusses the development of free space technology and analyses the parameters and factors to establish a reliable intersatellite links using an optical signal to exchange data between satellites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20intersatellite%20links" title="optical intersatellite links">optical intersatellite links</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20wireless%20communications" title=" optical wireless communications"> optical wireless communications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20space%20optical%20communications" title=" free space optical communications"> free space optical communications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=next%20generation%20wireless%20communication" title=" next generation wireless communication"> next generation wireless communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46827/study-and-analysis-of-optical-intersatellite-links" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2261</span> Influence of Chirp of High-Speed Laser Diodes and Fiber Dispersion on Performance of Non-Amplified 40-Gbps Optical Fiber Links</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Bakry">Ahmed Bakry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moustafa%20Ahmed"> Moustafa Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We model and simulate the combined effect of fiber dispersion and frequency chirp of a directly modulated high-speed laser diode on the figures of merit of a non-amplified 40-Gbps optical fiber link. We consider both the return to zero (RZ) and non-return to zero (NRZ) patterns of the pseudorandom modulation bits. The performance of the fiber communication system is assessed by the fiber-length limitation due to the fiber dispersion. We study the influence of replacing standard single-mode fibers by non-zero dispersion-shifted fibers on the maximum fiber length and evaluate the associated power penalty. We introduce new dispersion tolerances for 1-dB power penalty of the RZ and NRZ 40-Gbps optical fiber links. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bit%20error%20rate" title="bit error rate">bit error rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion" title=" dispersion"> dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20chirp" title=" frequency chirp"> frequency chirp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20communications" title=" fiber communications"> fiber communications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiconductor%20laser" title=" semiconductor laser"> semiconductor laser</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10587/influence-of-chirp-of-high-speed-laser-diodes-and-fiber-dispersion-on-performance-of-non-amplified-40-gbps-optical-fiber-links" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10587.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">641</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2260</span> Generating Links That Are Both Quasi-Alternating and Almost Alternating</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Abchir">Hamid Abchir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Sabak2"> Mohammed Sabak2</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We construct an infinite family of links which are both almost alternating and quasi-alternating from a given either almost alternating diagram representing a quasi-alternating link, or connected and reduced alternating tangle diagram. To do that we use what we call a dealternator extension which consists in replacing the dealternator by a rational tangle extending it. We note that all non-alternating and quasi-alternating Montesinos links can be obtained in that way. We check that all the obtained quasi-alternating links satisfy Conjecture 3.1 of Qazaqzeh et al. (JKTR 22 (6), 2013), that is the crossing number of a quasi-alternating link is less than or equal to its determinant. We also prove that the converse of Theorem 3.3 of Qazaqzeh et al. (JKTR 24 (1), 2015) is false. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi-alternating%20links" title="quasi-alternating links">quasi-alternating links</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=almost%20alternating%20links" title=" almost alternating links"> almost alternating links</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tangles" title=" tangles"> tangles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=determinants" title=" determinants"> determinants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135689/generating-links-that-are-both-quasi-alternating-and-almost-alternating" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135689.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2259</span> Attenuation Scale Calibration of an Optical Time Domain Reflectometer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Terra">Osama Terra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatem%20Hussein"> Hatem Hussein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Calibration of Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) is crucial for the accurate determination of loss budget for long optical fiber links. In this paper, the calibration of the attenuation scale of an OTDR using two different techniques is discussed and implemented. The first technique is the external modulation method (EM). A setup is proposed to calibrate an OTDR over a dynamic range of around 15 dB based on the EM method. Afterwards, the OTDR is calibrated using two standard reference fibers (SRF). Both SRF are calibrated using cut-back technique; one of them is calibrated at our home institute (the National Institute of Standards – NIS) while the other at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) of the United Kingdom to confirm our results. In addition, the parameters contributing the calibration uncertainty are thoroughly investigated. Although the EM method has several advantages over the SRF method, the uncertainties in the SRF method is found to surpass that of the EM method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20time%20domain%20reflectometer" title="optical time domain reflectometer">optical time domain reflectometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20attenuation%20measurement" title=" fiber attenuation measurement"> fiber attenuation measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OTDR%20calibration" title=" OTDR calibration"> OTDR calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20source%20method" title=" external source method"> external source method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56989/attenuation-scale-calibration-of-an-optical-time-domain-reflectometer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2258</span> Bi-Lateral Comparison between NIS-Egypt and NMISA-South Africa for the Calibration of an Optical Time Domain Reflectometer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Terra">Osama Terra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariesa%20Nel"> Mariesa Nel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatem%20Hussein"> Hatem Hussein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Calibration of Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) has a crucial role for the accurate determination of fault locations and the accurate calculation of loss budget of long-haul optical fibre links during installation and repair. A comparison has been made between the Egyptian National Institute for Standards (NIS-Egypt) and the National Metrology institute of South Africa (NMISA-South Africa) for the calibration of an OTDR. The distance and the attenuation scales of a transfer OTDR have been calibrated by both institutes using their standards according to the standard IEC 61746-1 (2009). The results of this comparison have been compiled in this report. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OTDR%20calibration" title="OTDR calibration">OTDR calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recirculating%20loop" title=" recirculating loop"> recirculating loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concatenated%20method" title=" concatenated method"> concatenated method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20fiber" title=" standard fiber"> standard fiber</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56991/bi-lateral-comparison-between-nis-egypt-and-nmisa-south-africa-for-the-calibration-of-an-optical-time-domain-reflectometer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56991.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2257</span> Using Textual Pre-Processing and Text Mining to Create Semantic Links</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricardo%20Avila">Ricardo Avila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriel%20Lopes"> Gabriel Lopes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vania%20Vidal"> Vania Vidal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20Macedo"> Jose Macedo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article offers a approach to the automatic discovery of semantic concepts and links in the domain of Oil Exploration and Production (E&P). Machine learning methods combined with textual pre-processing techniques were used to detect local patterns in texts and, thus, generate new concepts and new semantic links. Even using more specific vocabularies within the oil domain, our approach has achieved satisfactory results, suggesting that the proposal can be applied in other domains and languages, requiring only minor adjustments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic%20links" title="semantic links">semantic links</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title=" data mining"> data mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linked%20data" title=" linked data"> linked data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SKOS" title=" SKOS"> SKOS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103903/using-textual-pre-processing-and-text-mining-to-create-semantic-links" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103903.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2256</span> The Impact of Varying the Detector and Modulation Types on Inter Satellite Link (ISL) Realizing the Allowable High Data Rate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asmaa%20Zaki%20M.">Asmaa Zaki M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Abd%20El%20Aziz"> Ahmed Abd El Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20A.%20Fayed"> Heba A. Fayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moustafa%20H.%20Aly"> Moustafa H. Aly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ISLs are the most popular choice for deep space communications because these links are attractive alternatives to present day microwave links. This paper explored the allowable high data rate in this link over different orbits, which is affected by variation in modulation scheme and detector type. Moreover, the objective of this paper is to optimize and analyze the performance of ISL in terms of Q-factor and Minimum Bit Error Rate (Min-BER) based on different detectors comprising some parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20space%20optics%20%28FSO%29" title="free space optics (FSO)">free space optics (FSO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20of%20view%20%28FOV%29" title=" field of view (FOV)"> field of view (FOV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inter%20satellite%20link%20%28ISL%29" title=" inter satellite link (ISL)"> inter satellite link (ISL)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20wireless%20communication%20%28OWC%29" title=" optical wireless communication (OWC) "> optical wireless communication (OWC) </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1928/the-impact-of-varying-the-detector-and-modulation-types-on-inter-satellite-link-isl-realizing-the-allowable-high-data-rate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2255</span> Monitoring and Prediction of Intra-Crosstalk in All-Optical Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Jedidi">Ahmed Jedidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mesfer%20Mohammed%20Alshamrani"> Mesfer Mohammed Alshamrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alwi%20Mohammad%20A.%20Bamhdi"> Alwi Mohammad A. Bamhdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optical performance monitoring and optical network management are essential in building a reliable, high-capacity, and service-differentiation enabled all-optical network. One of the serious problems in this network is the fact that optical crosstalk is additive, and thus the aggregate effect of crosstalk over a whole AON may be more nefarious than a single point of crosstalk. As results, we note a huge degradation of the Quality of Service (QoS) in our network. For that, it is necessary to identify and monitor the impairments in whole network. In this way, this paper presents new system to identify and monitor crosstalk in AONs in real-time fashion. particular, it proposes a new technique to manage intra-crosstalk in objective to relax QoS of the network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=all-optical%20networks" title="all-optical networks">all-optical networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20crosstalk" title=" optical crosstalk"> optical crosstalk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20cross-connect" title=" optical cross-connect"> optical cross-connect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crosstalk" title=" crosstalk"> crosstalk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring%20crosstalk" title=" monitoring crosstalk"> monitoring crosstalk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40796/monitoring-and-prediction-of-intra-crosstalk-in-all-optical-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2254</span> Optical Multicast over OBS Networks: An Approach Based on Code-Words and Tunable Decoders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20Sliti">Maha Sliti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walid%20Abdallah"> Walid Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Boudriga"> Noureddine Boudriga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the frame of this work, we present an optical multicasting approach based on optical code-words. Our approach associates, in the edge node, an optical code-word to a group multicast address. In the core node, a set of tunable decoders are used to send a traffic data to multiple destinations based on the received code-word. The use of code-words, which correspond to the combination of an input port and a set of output ports, allows the implementation of an optical switching matrix. At the reception of a burst, it will be delayed in an optical memory. And, the received optical code-word is split to a set of tunable optical decoders. When it matches a configured code-word, the delayed burst is switched to a set of output ports. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20multicast" title="optical multicast">optical multicast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20burst%20switching%20networks" title=" optical burst switching networks"> optical burst switching networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20code-words" title=" optical code-words"> optical code-words</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunable%20decoder" title=" tunable decoder"> tunable decoder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20optical%20memory" title=" virtual optical memory"> virtual optical memory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11614/optical-multicast-over-obs-networks-an-approach-based-on-code-words-and-tunable-decoders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11614.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">607</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2253</span> Enhanced Constraint-Based Optical Network (ECON) for Enhancing OSNR</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20R.%20Kavitha">G. R. Kavitha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20S.%20Indumathi"> T. S. Indumathi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the constantly rising demands of the multimedia services, the requirements of long haul transport network are constantly changing in the area of optical network. Maximum data transmission using optimization of the communication channel poses the biggest challenge. Although there has been a constant focus on this area from the past decade, there was no evidence of a significant result that has been accomplished. Hence, after reviewing some potential design of optical network from literatures, it was understood that optical signal to noise ratio was one of the elementary attributes that can define the performance of the optical network. In this paper, we propose a framework termed as ECON (Enhanced Constraint-based Optical Network) that primarily optimize the optical signal to noise ratio using ROADM. The simulation is performed in Matlab and optical signal to noise ratio is extracted considering the system matrix. The outcome of the proposed study shows that optimized OSNR as compared to the existing studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=component" title="component">component</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20network" title=" optical network"> optical network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfigurable%20optical%20add-drop%20multiplexer" title=" reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer"> reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20signal-to-noise%20ratio" title=" optical signal-to-noise ratio"> optical signal-to-noise ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17847/enhanced-constraint-based-optical-network-econ-for-enhancing-osnr" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2252</span> Fabrication of Optical Tissue Phantoms Simulating Human Skin and Their Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihoon%20Park">Jihoon Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungkon%20Yu"> Sungkon Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byungjo%20Jung"> Byungjo Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although various optical tissue phantoms (OTPs) simulating human skin have been actively studied, their completeness is unclear because skin tissue has the intricate optical property and complicated structure disturbing the optical simulation. In this study, we designed multilayer OTP mimicking skin structure, and fabricated OTP models simulating skin-blood vessel and skin pigmentation in the skin, which are useful in Biomedical optics filed. The OTPs were characterized with the optical property and the cross-sectional structure, and analyzed by using various optical tools such as a laser speckle imaging system, OCT and a digital microscope to show the practicality. The measured optical property was within 5% error, and the thickness of each layer was uniform within 10% error in micrometer scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20vessel" title="blood vessel">blood vessel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20tissue%20phantom" title=" optical tissue phantom"> optical tissue phantom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20property" title=" optical property"> optical property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20tissue" title=" skin tissue"> skin tissue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pigmentation" title=" pigmentation"> pigmentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68389/fabrication-of-optical-tissue-phantoms-simulating-human-skin-and-their-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68389.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2251</span> Confinement of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Beams Using U-Links</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madiha%20Z.%20Ammari">Madiha Z. Ammari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Qader%20AlNajmi"> Abdul Qader AlNajmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new system of U-links was used in this study to confine the concrete core in concrete-filled steel beams. This system aims to employ the separation expected between the steel tube and the concrete core in the compression side of the section in the plastic hinge zone. A total of six rectangular CFT beam specimens were tested under flexure using different D/t ratios and different diameters for the U-links to examine their effect on the flexural behavior of these beams. The ultimate flexural strength of the CFT beam specimens with U-links showed an increase of strength about 47% of the specimen with D/t ratio equals 37.5 above standard CFT beam specimen without U-links inside. State of concrete inside the tubes has shown no crushing of concrete when those beams were cut open at the location of the plastic hinge. Strain measurements revealed that the compressive strain of concrete was 5-6 times the concrete crushing strain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete-filled%20tubes" title="concrete-filled tubes">concrete-filled tubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U-links" title=" U-links"> U-links</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plated%20studies" title=" plated studies"> plated studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beams" title=" beams"> beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20strength" title=" flexural strength"> flexural strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confinement" title=" confinement"> confinement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31197/confinement-of-concrete-filled-steel-tubular-beams-using-u-links" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2250</span> All-Optical Function Based on Self-Similar Spectral Broadening for 2R Regeneration in High-Bit-Rate Optical Transmission Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Graini">Leila Graini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we demonstrate basic all-optical functions for 2R regeneration (Re-amplification and Re-shaping) based on self-similar spectral broadening in low normal dispersion and highly nonlinear fiber (ND-HNLF) to regenerate the signal through optical filtering including the transfer function characteristics, and output extinction ratio. Our approach of all-optical 2R regeneration is based on those of Mamyshev. The numerical study reveals the self-similar spectral broadening very effective for 2R all-optical regeneration; the proposed design presents high stability compared to a conventional regenerator using SPM broadening with reduction of the intensity fluctuations and improvement of the extinction ratio. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=all-optical%20function" title="all-optical function">all-optical function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2R%20optical%20regeneration" title=" 2R optical regeneration"> 2R optical regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-similar%20broadening" title=" self-similar broadening"> self-similar broadening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mamyshev%20regenerator" title=" Mamyshev regenerator"> Mamyshev regenerator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101178/all-optical-function-based-on-self-similar-spectral-broadening-for-2r-regeneration-in-high-bit-rate-optical-transmission-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2249</span> Characterization of Optical Communication Channels as Non-Deterministic Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentina%20Alessandra%20Carvalho%20do%20Vale">Valentina Alessandra Carvalho do Vale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmo%20Thiago%20Lins%20C%C3%B6uras%20Ford"> Elmo Thiago Lins Cöuras Ford</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasingly telecommunications sectors are adopting optical technologies, due to its ability to transmit large amounts of data over long distances. However, as in all systems of data transmission, optical communication channels suffer from undesirable and non-deterministic effects, being essential to know the same. Thus, this research allows the assessment of these effects, as well as their characterization and beneficial uses of these effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20communication" title="optical communication">optical communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20fiber" title=" optical fiber"> optical fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-deterministic%20effects" title=" non-deterministic effects"> non-deterministic effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecommunication" title=" telecommunication"> telecommunication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18372/characterization-of-optical-communication-channels-as-non-deterministic-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">788</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2248</span> Study of the Optical Illusion Effects of Color Contrasts on Body Image Perception</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Hadj%20Taieb">A. Hadj Taieb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Ennouri"> H. Ennouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current study aimed to investigate the effect that optical illusion garments have on a woman’s self-perception of her own body shape. First, we created different optical illusion garment by using color contrasts. Second, a short survey based on visual perception is addressed to women in order to compare the different optical illusion garments to determine if they met the established 'ideal' body shape. A ‘visual analysis method’ was used to investigate the clothing models with optical illusions. The theories in relation with the optical illusion were used through this method. The effects of the optical illusion of color contrast on body shape in the fashion sector were tried to be revealed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20illusion" title="optical illusion">optical illusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20contrasts" title=" color contrasts"> color contrasts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20image%20perception" title=" body image perception"> body image perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-esteem" title=" self-esteem"> self-esteem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77953/study-of-the-optical-illusion-effects-of-color-contrasts-on-body-image-perception" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77953.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2247</span> Wavelength Conversion of Dispersion Managed Solitons at 100 Gbps through Semiconductor Optical Amplifier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kadam%20Bhambri">Kadam Bhambri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neena%20Gupta"> Neena Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> All optical wavelength conversion is essential in present day optical networks for transparent interoperability, contention resolution, and wavelength routing. The incorporation of all optical wavelength convertors leads to better utilization of the network resources and hence improves the efficiency of optical networks. Wavelength convertors that can work with Dispersion Managed (DM) solitons are attractive due to their superior transmission capabilities. In this paper, wavelength conversion for dispersion managed soliton signals was demonstrated at 100 Gbps through semiconductor optical amplifier and an optical filter. The wavelength conversion was achieved for a 1550 nm input signal to1555nm output signal. The output signal was measured in terms of BER, Q factor and system margin.     <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=all%20optical%20wavelength%20conversion" title="all optical wavelength conversion">all optical wavelength conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion%20managed%20solitons" title=" dispersion managed solitons"> dispersion managed solitons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiconductor%20optical%20amplifier" title=" semiconductor optical amplifier"> semiconductor optical amplifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20gain%20modultation" title=" cross gain modultation"> cross gain modultation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46267/wavelength-conversion-of-dispersion-managed-solitons-at-100-gbps-through-semiconductor-optical-amplifier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2246</span> Influence of Strong Optical Feedback on Frequency Chirp and Lineshape Broadening in High-Speed Semiconductor Laser</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moustafa%20Ahmed">Moustafa Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fumio%20Koyama"> Fumio Koyama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Directly-modulated semiconductor lasers, including edge-emitting and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, have received considerable interest recently for use in data transmitters in cost-effective high-speed data centers, metro, and access networks. Optical feedback has been proved as an efficient technique to boost the modulation bandwidth and enhance the speed of the semiconductor laser. However, both the laser linewidth and frequency chirping in directly-modulated lasers are sensitive to both intensity modulation and optical feedback. These effects along width fiber dispersion affect the transmission bit rate and distance in single-mode fiber links. In this work, we continue our recent research on directly-modulated semiconductor lasers with modulation bandwidth in the millimeter-wave band by introducing simultaneous modeling and simulations on both the frequency chirping and lineshape broadening. The lasers are operating under strong optical feedback. The model takes into account the multiple reflections of laser reflections of laser radiation in the external cavity. The analyses are given in terms of the chirp-to-modulated power ratio, and the results are shown for the possible dynamic states of continuous wave, period-1 oscillation, and chaos. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chirp" title="chirp">chirp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linewidth" title=" linewidth"> linewidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20feedback" title=" optical feedback"> optical feedback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiconductor%20laser" title=" semiconductor laser"> semiconductor laser</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79640/influence-of-strong-optical-feedback-on-frequency-chirp-and-lineshape-broadening-in-high-speed-semiconductor-laser" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2245</span> Optical Whitening of Textiles: Teaching and Learning Materials </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20W.%20Kan">C. W. Kan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the results of optical whitening process of different textiles such as cotton, wool and polyester. The optical whitening agents used are commercially available products, and the optical whitening agents were applied to the textiles with manufacturers’ suggested methods. The aim of this study is to illustrate the proper application methods of optical whitening agent to different textiles and hence to provide guidance note to the students in learning this topic. Acknowledgment: Authors would like to thank the financial support from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University for this work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20materials" title="learning materials">learning materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20whitening%20agent" title=" optical whitening agent"> optical whitening agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wool" title=" wool"> wool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title=" cotton"> cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyester" title=" polyester"> polyester</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60216/optical-whitening-of-textiles-teaching-and-learning-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2244</span> Magnetic and Optical Properties of Quaternary GaFeMnN</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Bouadjemi">B. Bouadjemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bentata"> S. Bentata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abbad"> A. Abbad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.Benstaali"> W.Benstaali </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method (FP-LAPW) within the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) is used to calculate the magnetic and optical properties of quaternary GaFeMnN. The results show that the compound becomes magnetic and half metallic and there is an apparition of peaks at low frequencies for the optical properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title="optical properties">optical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT" title=" DFT"> DFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spintronic" title=" Spintronic"> Spintronic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave" title=" wave "> wave </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19957/magnetic-and-optical-properties-of-quaternary-gafemnn" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19957.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">551</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2243</span> Measures of Reliability and Transportation Quality on an Urban Rail Transit Network in Case of Links’ Capacities Loss</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Liu">Jie Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinqu%20Cheng"> Jinqu Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiyuan%20Peng"> Qiyuan Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong%20Yin"> Yong Yin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban rail transit (URT) plays a significant role in dealing with traffic congestion and environmental problems in cities. However, equipment failure and obstruction of links often lead to URT links’ capacities loss in daily operation. It affects the reliability and transport service quality of URT network seriously. In order to measure the influence of links’ capacities loss on reliability and transport service quality of URT network, passengers are divided into three categories in case of links’ capacities loss. Passengers in category 1 are less affected by the loss of links’ capacities. Their travel is reliable since their travel quality is not significantly reduced. Passengers in category 2 are affected by the loss of links’ capacities heavily. Their travel is not reliable since their travel quality is reduced seriously. However, passengers in category 2 still can travel on URT. Passengers in category 3 can not travel on URT because their travel paths’ passenger flow exceeds capacities. Their travel is not reliable. Thus, the proportion of passengers in category 1 whose travel is reliable is defined as reliability indicator of URT network. The transport service quality of URT network is related to passengers’ travel time, passengers’ transfer times and whether seats are available to passengers. The generalized travel cost is a comprehensive reflection of travel time, transfer times and travel comfort. Therefore, passengers’ average generalized travel cost is used as transport service quality indicator of URT network. The impact of links’ capacities loss on transport service quality of URT network is measured with passengers’ relative average generalized travel cost with and without links’ capacities loss. The proportion of the passengers affected by links and betweenness of links are used to determine the important links in URT network. The stochastic user equilibrium distribution model based on the improved logit model is used to determine passengers’ categories and calculate passengers’ generalized travel cost in case of links’ capacities loss, which is solved with method of successive weighted averages algorithm. The reliability and transport service quality indicators of URT network are calculated with the solution result. Taking Wuhan Metro as a case, the reliability and transport service quality of Wuhan metro network is measured with indicators and method proposed in this paper. The result shows that using the proportion of the passengers affected by links can identify important links effectively which have great influence on reliability and transport service quality of URT network; The important links are mostly connected to transfer stations and the passenger flow of important links is high; With the increase of number of failure links and the proportion of capacity loss, the reliability of the network keeps decreasing, the proportion of passengers in category 3 keeps increasing and the proportion of passengers in category 2 increases at first and then decreases; When the number of failure links and the proportion of capacity loss increased to a certain level, the decline of transport service quality is weakened. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20rail%20transit%20network" title="urban rail transit network">urban rail transit network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20service%20quality" title=" transport service quality"> transport service quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=links%E2%80%99%20capacities%20loss" title=" links’ capacities loss"> links’ capacities loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=important%20links" title=" important links"> important links</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113469/measures-of-reliability-and-transportation-quality-on-an-urban-rail-transit-network-in-case-of-links-capacities-loss" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2242</span> Theoretical Investigations on Optical Properties of GaFeMnN Quaternary Compound</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20A.%20Bentounes">H. A. Bentounes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abbad"> A. Abbad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Benstaali"> W. Benstaali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using first principles calculations based on the density functional theory and local spin density approximation, we investigate optical properties of GaFeMnN quaternary compound. Results show that optical properties confirm that GaFeMnN can be a good candidate in the design of thin ﬁlm solar cells in the visible and ultraviolet parts of the spectrum, and a good sensor in the infrared <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaN" title="GaN">GaN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20absorption" title=" optical absorption"> optical absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-metallic" title=" semi-metallic"> semi-metallic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20function" title=" dielectric function"> dielectric function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10495/theoretical-investigations-on-optical-properties-of-gafemnn-quaternary-compound" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2241</span> Connected Objects with Optical Rectenna for Wireless Information Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chayma%20Bahar">Chayma Bahar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chokri%20Baccouch"> Chokri Baccouch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hedi%20Sakli"> Hedi Sakli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nizar%20Sakli"> Nizar Sakli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Harvesting and transport of optical and radiofrequency signals are a topical subject with multiple challenges. In this paper, we present a Optical RECTENNA system. We propose here a hybrid system solar cell antenna for 5G mobile communications networks. Thus, we propose rectifying circuit. A parametric study is done to follow the influence of load resistance and input power on Optical RECTENNA system performance. Thus, we propose a solar cell antenna structure in the frequency band of future 5G standard in 2.45 GHz bands. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna" title="antenna">antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20rectenna" title=" optical rectenna"> optical rectenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20cell" title=" solar cell"> solar cell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129451/connected-objects-with-optical-rectenna-for-wireless-information-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2240</span> Soliton Interaction in Multi-Core Optical Fiber: Application to WDM System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Arun%20Prakash">S. Arun Prakash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Malathi"> V. Malathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Mani%20Rajan"> M. S. Mani Rajan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The analytical bright two soliton solution of the 3-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with variable coefficients in birefringent optical fiber is obtained by Darboux transformation method. To the design of ultra-speed optical devices, Soliton interaction and control in birefringence fiber is investigated. Lax pair is constructed for N coupled NLS system through AKNS method. Using two soliton solution, we demonstrate different interaction behaviors of solitons in birefringent fiber depending on the choice of control parameters. Our results shows that interactions of optical solitons have some specific applications such as construction of logic gates, optical computing, soliton switching, and soliton amplification in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20soliton" title="optical soliton">optical soliton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soliton%20interaction" title=" soliton interaction"> soliton interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soliton%20switching" title=" soliton switching"> soliton switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WDM" title=" WDM"> WDM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37276/soliton-interaction-in-multi-core-optical-fiber-application-to-wdm-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37276.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2239</span> Optimal Number and Placement of Vertical Links in 3D Network-On-Chip</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nesrine%20Toubaline">Nesrine Toubaline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djamel%20Bennouar"> Djamel Bennouar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Mahdoum"> Ali Mahdoum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 3D technology can lead to a significant reduction in power and average hop-count in Networks on Chip (NoCs). It offers short and fast vertical links which copes with the long wire problem in 2D NoCs. This work proposes heuristic-based method to optimize number and placement of vertical links to achieve specified performance goals. Experiments show that significant improvement can be achieved by using a specific number of vertical interconnect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interconnect%20optimization" title="interconnect optimization">interconnect optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monolithic%20inter-tier%20vias" title=" monolithic inter-tier vias"> monolithic inter-tier vias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20on%20chip" title=" network on chip"> network on chip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20on%20chip" title=" system on chip"> system on chip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=through%20silicon%20vias" title=" through silicon vias"> through silicon vias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three%20dimensional%20integration%20circuits" title=" three dimensional integration circuits"> three dimensional integration circuits</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60164/optimal-number-and-placement-of-vertical-links-in-3d-network-on-chip" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60164.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2238</span> The Effect of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles on the Optical Properties of (PVP-PEG) Blend</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Hakim">Hussein Hakim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Al-Ramadhan"> Zainab Al-Ramadhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Hashim"> Ahmed Hashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polymer nano composites of polyvinylpyrrolidone and poly-ethylene glycol with different concentrations of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nano particles have been prepared by solution cast method. The optical characterizations have been done by analyzing the absorption (A) spectra in the 300–800 nm spectral region. It was found that the optical energy gap decreases with the increasing of Al2O3 nano particles content. The optical constants (refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant) are changing with increasing aluminum oxide nano particle concentrations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title="nanocomposites">nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyvinylpyrrolidone" title=" polyvinylpyrrolidone"> polyvinylpyrrolidone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20constants" title=" optical constants"> optical constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymers" title=" polymers"> polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blend" title=" blend"> blend</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32971/the-effect-of-aluminum-oxide-nanoparticles-on-the-optical-properties-of-pvp-peg-blend" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2237</span> Semiconductor Device of Tapered Waveguide for Broadband Optical Communications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keita%20Iwai">Keita Iwai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isao%20Tomita"> Isao Tomita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To expand the optical spectrum for use in broadband optical communications, we study the properties of a semiconductor waveguide device with a tapered structure including its third-order optical nonlinearity. Spectral-broadened output by the tapered structure has the potential to create a compact, built-in device for optical communications. Here we deal with a compound semiconductor waveguide, the material of which is the same as that of laser diodes used in the communication systems, i.e., InₓGa₁₋ₓAsᵧP₁₋ᵧ, which has large optical nonlinearity. We confirm that our structure widens the output spectrum sufficiently by controlling its taper form factor while utilizing the large nonlinear refraction of InₓGa₁₋ₓAsᵧP₁₋ᵧ. We also examine the taper effect for nonlinear optical loss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In%E2%82%93Ga%E2%82%81%E2%82%8B%E2%82%93As%E1%B5%A7P%E2%82%81%E2%82%8B%E1%B5%A7" title="InₓGa₁₋ₓAsᵧP₁₋ᵧ">InₓGa₁₋ₓAsᵧP₁₋ᵧ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waveguide" title=" waveguide"> waveguide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20refraction" title=" nonlinear refraction"> nonlinear refraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20spreading" title=" spectral spreading"> spectral spreading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taper%20device" title=" taper device"> taper device</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143322/semiconductor-device-of-tapered-waveguide-for-broadband-optical-communications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2236</span> Optical and Dielectric Properties of Self-Assembled 0D Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Insulator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kassou">S. Kassou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20El%20Mrabet"> R. El Mrabet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Belaaraj"> A. Belaaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Guionneau"> P. Guionneau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Hadi"> N. Hadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Lamcharfi"> T. Lamcharfi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite-like [C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>ZnCl<sub>4</sub> (PEA-ZnCl<sub>4</sub>) was synthesized by saturated solutions method. X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible transmittance, and capacitance meter measurements have been used to characterize the structure, the functional groups, the optical parameters, and the dielectric constants of the material. The material has a layered structure. The optical transmittance (T %) was recorded and applied to deduce the absorption coefficient (α) and optical band gap (Eg). The hybrid shows an insulator character with a direct band gap about 4.46 eV, and presents high dielectric constants up to a frequency of about 10<sup>5</sup> Hz, which suggests a ferroelectric behavior. The reported optical and dielectric properties can help to understand the fundamental properties of perovskite materials and also to be used for optimizing or designing new devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20constants" title="dielectric constants">dielectric constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20band%20gap%20%28eg%29" title=" optical band gap (eg)"> optical band gap (eg)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20parameters" title=" optical parameters"> optical parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raman%20spectroscopy" title=" Raman spectroscopy"> Raman spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-assembly%20organic%20inorganic%20hybrid" title=" self-assembly organic inorganic hybrid"> self-assembly organic inorganic hybrid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65237/optical-and-dielectric-properties-of-self-assembled-0d-hybrid-organic-inorganic-insulator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2235</span> Patented Free-Space Optical System for Auto Aligned Optical Beam Allowing to Compensate Mechanical Misalignments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aurelien%20Boutin">Aurelien Boutin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In optical systems such as Variable Optical Delay Lines, where a collimated beam has to go back and forth, corner cubes are used in order to keep the reflected beam parallel to the incoming beam. However, the reflected beam can be laterally shifted, which will lead to losses. In this paper, we report on a patented optical design that allows keeping the reflected beam with the exact same position and direction whatever the displacement of the corner cube leading to zero losses. After explaining how the optical design works and theoretically allows to compensate for any defects in the translation of the corner cube, we will present the results of experimental comparisons between a standard layout (i.e., only corner cubes) and our optical layout. To compare both optical layouts, we used a fiber-to-fiber coupling setup. It consists of a couple of lights from one fiber to the other, thanks to two lenses. The ensemble [fiber+lense] is fixed and called a collimator so that the light is coupled from one collimator to another. Each collimator was precisely made in order to have a precise working distance. In the experiment, we measured and compared the Insertion Losses (IL) variations between both collimators with the distance between them (i.e., natural Gaussian beam coupling losses) and between both collimators in the different optical layouts tested, with the same optical length propagation. We will show that the IL variations of our setup are less than 0.05dB with respect to the IL variations of collimators alone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free-space%20optics" title="free-space optics">free-space optics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20optical%20delay%20lines" title=" variable optical delay lines"> variable optical delay lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20cavity" title=" optical cavity"> optical cavity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auto-alignment" title=" auto-alignment"> auto-alignment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152717/patented-free-space-optical-system-for-auto-aligned-optical-beam-allowing-to-compensate-mechanical-misalignments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2234</span> Deflection Effect on Mirror for Space Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maamar%20Fatouma">Maamar Fatouma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mirror optical performance can experience varying levels of stress and tolerances, which can have a notable impact on optical parametric systems. to ensure proper optical figure and position of mirror mounting within design tolerances, it is crucial to have a robust support structure in place for optical systems. The optical figure tolerance determines the allowable deviation from the ideal form of the mirror and the position tolerance determines the location and orientations of the optical axis of the optical systems. A variety of factors influence the optical figure of the mirror. Included are self-weight (Deflection), excitation from temperature change, temperature gradients and dimensional instability. This study employs an analytical approach and finite element method to examine the effects of stress resulting from mirror mounting on the wavefront passing through the mirror. The combined effect of tolerance and deflection on mirror performance is represented by an error budget. Numerical mirror mounting is presented to illustrate the space application of performance techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opto-mechanical" title="opto-mechanical">opto-mechanical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bonded%20optic" title=" bonded optic"> bonded optic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tolerance" title=" tolerance"> tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-weight%20distortion" title=" self-weight distortion"> self-weight distortion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayleigh%20criteria" title=" Rayleigh criteria"> Rayleigh criteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172854/deflection-effect-on-mirror-for-space-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2233</span> Empirical Study on Factors Influencing SEO</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakinee%20Aimmanee">Pakinee Aimmanee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phoom%20Chokratsamesiri"> Phoom Chokratsamesiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Search engine has become an essential tool nowadays for people to search for their needed information on the internet. In this work, we evaluate the performance of the search engine from three factors: the keyword frequency, the number of inbound links, and the difficulty of the keyword. The evaluations are based on the ranking position and the number of days that Google has seen or detect the webpage. We find that the keyword frequency and the difficulty of the keyword do not affect the Google ranking where the number of inbound links gives remarkable improvement of the ranking position. The optimal number of inbound links found in the experiment is 10. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEO" title="SEO">SEO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20retrieval" title=" information retrieval"> information retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20search" title=" web search"> web search</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20technologies" title=" knowledge technologies"> knowledge technologies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9414/empirical-study-on-factors-influencing-seo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20intersatellite%20links&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20intersatellite%20links&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20intersatellite%20links&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20intersatellite%20links&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20intersatellite%20links&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20intersatellite%20links&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20intersatellite%20links&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20intersatellite%20links&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20intersatellite%20links&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20intersatellite%20links&page=75">75</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20intersatellite%20links&page=76">76</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20intersatellite%20links&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>