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<li id="toc-Lake_Flevo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lake_Flevo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Lake Flevo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lake_Flevo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Almere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Almere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Almere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Almere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zuiderzee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zuiderzee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Zuiderzee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zuiderzee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zuiderzee_Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zuiderzee_Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Zuiderzee Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zuiderzee_Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zuiderzee</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suidersee" title="Suidersee – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Suidersee" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="زاوديرزي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زاوديرزي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%91%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Зёйдэрзе – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Зёйдэрзе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Зьойдерзе – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Зьойдерзе" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="خلیج زایدرزی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خلیج زایدرزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudersee" title="Sudersee – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sudersee" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%84%EB%8D%94%EB%A5%B4%ED%95%B4" title="자위더르해 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자위더르해" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%B5%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80_%D4%B6%D5%A5" title="Զյոյդեր Զե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զյոյդեր Զե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_(%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93)" title="הים הדרומי (הולנד) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הים הדרומי (הולנד)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Зейдерзе – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Зейдерзе" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%97%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D2%A3%D1%83" title="Зейдер-Зе булуңу – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Зейдер-Зе булуңу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeiderz%C4%97" title="Zeiderzė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Zeiderzė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zujerzie%C3%AB" title="Zujerzieë – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zujerzieë" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%87%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="ဇွိုင်ဒါဇေး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဇွိုင်ဒါဇေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuderzee" title="Zuderzee – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Zuderzee" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BE%E3%82%A4%E3%83%87%E3%83%AB%E6%B5%B7" title="ゾイデル海 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゾイデル海" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="زائدر زی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زائدر زی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfo_de_Zuiderz%C3%AA" title="Golfo de Zuiderzê – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Golfo de Zuiderzê" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golful_Zuiderzee" title="Golful Zuiderzee – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Golful Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%91%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Зёйдерзе – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зёйдерзе" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Зојдерзе – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зојдерзе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Zuiderzee" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Зейдерзе – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зейдерзе" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuuderz%C3%AAe" title="Zuuderzêe – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Zuuderzêe" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A1%BB%E5%BE%B7%E6%B5%B7" title="须德海 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="须德海" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%88%E5%BE%B7%E6%B5%B7" title="須德海 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="須德海" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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5.400</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former inland sea in the Netherlands, now the IJsselmeer</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Zuiderzee" title="Special:EditPage/Zuiderzee">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Zuiderzee%22">"Zuiderzee"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Zuiderzee%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Zuiderzee%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Zuiderzee%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Zuiderzee%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Zuiderzee%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Zuyderzee" redirects here. For the former French department, see <a href="/wiki/Zuyderz%C3%A9e" title="Zuyderzée">Zuyderzée</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seven_United_Netherlands_Janssonius_1658.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Seven_United_Netherlands_Janssonius_1658.jpg/300px-Seven_United_Netherlands_Janssonius_1658.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Seven_United_Netherlands_Janssonius_1658.jpg/450px-Seven_United_Netherlands_Janssonius_1658.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Seven_United_Netherlands_Janssonius_1658.jpg/600px-Seven_United_Netherlands_Janssonius_1658.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5543" data-file-height="4782" /></a><figcaption>Historical map of the Netherlands (1658) with the <i>Zuyder Zee</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Zuiderzee</b> or <b>Zuider Zee</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Dutch:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[ˌzœydərˈzeː]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/64\/Nl-Zuiderzee.ogg\/Nl-Zuiderzee.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Nl-Zuiderzee.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/64/Nl-Zuiderzee.ogg/Nl-Zuiderzee.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Nl-Zuiderzee.ogg" title="File:Nl-Zuiderzee.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; old spelling <i>Zuyderzee</i> or <i>Zuyder Zee</i>), historically called <b>Lake Almere</b> and <b>Lake Flevo</b>, was a shallow <a href="/wiki/Bay" title="Bay">bay</a> of the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> in the northwest of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. It extended about 100 km (60 miles) inland and at most 50 km (30 miles) wide, with an overall depth of about 4 to 5 metres (13–16 feet) and a coastline of about 300 km (200 miles). It covered 5,000 km<sup>2</sup> (1,900 sq mi). Its name is Dutch for "southern sea", indicating that the name originates in <a href="/wiki/Friesland" title="Friesland">Friesland</a>, to the north of the Zuiderzee (cf. North Sea).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the 20th century the majority of the Zuiderzee was closed off from the North Sea by the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Afsluitdijk" title="Afsluitdijk">Afsluitdijk</a>, leaving the mouth of the inlet to become part of the <a href="/wiki/Wadden_Sea" title="Wadden Sea">Wadden Sea</a>. The salt water inlet changed into a fresh water lake now called the <a href="/wiki/IJsselmeer" title="IJsselmeer">IJsselmeer</a> (<a href="/wiki/IJssel" title="IJssel">IJssel</a> Lake) after the river that drains into it, and by means of drainage and <a href="/wiki/Polder" title="Polder">polders</a>, an area of some 1,500 km<sup>2</sup> (580 sq mi) was reclaimed as land. This land eventually became the province of <a href="/wiki/Flevoland" title="Flevoland">Flevoland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Part of the IJsselmeer was also divided into the <a href="/wiki/Markermeer" title="Markermeer">Markermeer</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zuiderzee&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lake_Flevo">Lake Flevo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zuiderzee&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lake Flevo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:500vc_ex_leg_copy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/500vc_ex_leg_copy.jpg/220px-500vc_ex_leg_copy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/500vc_ex_leg_copy.jpg/330px-500vc_ex_leg_copy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/500vc_ex_leg_copy.jpg/440px-500vc_ex_leg_copy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="616" /></a><figcaption>The region of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 500 BC.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:50nc_ex_leg_copy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/50nc_ex_leg_copy.jpg/250px-50nc_ex_leg_copy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/50nc_ex_leg_copy.jpg/330px-50nc_ex_leg_copy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/50nc_ex_leg_copy.jpg/500px-50nc_ex_leg_copy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="615" /></a><figcaption>The region of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 50 AD.</figcaption></figure><p>In classical times there was already a body of water in this location, called Lake Flevo (Flevo Lacus<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) by <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> authors.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the central and largest lake in a region filled with a mixture of lowland and freshwater lakes occupying the area later filled by the Zuiderzee. It was separated from the sea by a belt of <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">marsh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fen" title="Fen">fen</a>; at the time, the original coastline ran along the line of the <a href="/wiki/Frisian_Islands" title="Frisian Islands">Frisian Islands</a>. A number of streams, including the <a href="/wiki/Vecht_(Utrecht)" title="Vecht (Utrecht)">Vecht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eem" title="Eem">Eem</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yser" title="Yser">Ysel</a>, fed into the lake. The lake itself fed out into the North Sea through the <a href="/wiki/Vlie" title="Vlie">Vlie</a> (Latin <i>Flevus</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It existed in Roman times and the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">early Middle Ages</a>. </p><p>From the Indo-European root <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/plew-" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/plew-">*plew-</a></i> "flow",<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the name was transmitted by the Roman geographer <a href="/wiki/Pomponius_Mela" title="Pomponius Mela">Pomponius Mela</a> in describing this region. In his treatise on geography of 44 AD, Pomponius speaks of a <i>Flevo Lacus</i>. He writes: "The northern branch of the Rhine widens as Lake Flevo, and encloses an island of the same name, and then as a normal river flows to the sea". Other sources rather speak of <a href="/wiki/Flevum" title="Flevum">Flevum</a>, which could be related to today's <a href="/wiki/Vlie" title="Vlie">Vlie</a> (Vliestroom), i.e. the seaway between the Dutch islands of <a href="/wiki/Vlieland" title="Vlieland">Vlieland</a> and Terschelling. This last name is grammatically more probable for a geographical indication, which is why it is assumed that Pomponius confused the declension of the word giving the name Flevo. In fact the Vlie formed outfall from the lake into the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the second half of the twentieth century the <a href="/wiki/Flevopolder" title="Flevopolder">Flevopolders</a> and a new province, <a href="/wiki/Flevoland" title="Flevoland">Flevoland</a>, took the name of the body of water which lay there long ago.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Over time these lakes gradually eroded their soft <a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">peat</a> shores and spread (a process known as <a href="/wiki/Waterwolf" title="Waterwolf">waterwolf</a>). Some part of this area of water was later called the <i>Vlie</i>; it probably flowed into the sea through what is now the <a href="/wiki/Vlie" title="Vlie">Vliestroom</a> channel between the islands of <a href="/wiki/Vlieland" title="Vlieland">Vlieland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terschelling" title="Terschelling">Terschelling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a period of rising sea level between 250 and 600 CE, the connection to the sea and the lake were significantly enlarged. A period of lower sea levels followed. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:800nc_ex_leg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/800nc_ex_leg.jpg/250px-800nc_ex_leg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/800nc_ex_leg.jpg/330px-800nc_ex_leg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/800nc_ex_leg.jpg/500px-800nc_ex_leg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="613" /></a><figcaption>The region of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 800 AD. At that time, the lake was called <a href="/wiki/Almere_(lake)" class="mw-redirect" title="Almere (lake)">Almere</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Almere">Almere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zuiderzee&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Almere"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Marsdiep" title="Marsdiep">Marsdiep</a> was once a river (<i>fluvium Maresdeop</i>) which may have been a <a href="/wiki/Distributary" title="Distributary">distributary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Vlie" title="Vlie">Vlie</a>. During the early <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> this began to change as <a href="/wiki/Floods_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Floods in the Netherlands">rising sea levels and storms</a> started to eat away at the coastal areas which consisted mainly of peatlands. In this period the inlet was referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Almere_(lake)" class="mw-redirect" title="Almere (lake)">Almere</a>, indicating it was still more of a lake, but the mouth and size of the inlet were much widened in the 12th century and especially after a disastrous flood in 1282<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> broke through the barrier dunes near <a href="/wiki/Texel" title="Texel">Texel</a>. The disaster marked the rise of <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> on the southwestern end of the bay, since the seagoing traffic of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic</a> trade could now visit.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Lake Almere is mentioned among others in a life of saints written by Anglo-Saxon Bishop <a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Saint Boniface</a> in 753, and a deed of gift from the town of <a href="/wiki/Urk" title="Urk">Urk</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Its etymology may be <a href="/wiki/Eel" title="Eel">eels</a>, in Dutch <i>aal</i> or <i>ael</i>, so: <i>ael mere</i> = "eel lake"<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Presumably, the water of Lake Almere at that time was fresh water or slightly <a href="/wiki/Brackish" class="mw-redirect" title="Brackish">brackish</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The name of the new town of <a href="/wiki/Almere" title="Almere">Almere</a> in <a href="/wiki/Flevoland" title="Flevoland">Flevoland</a> was given in 1984 in memory of this body of water.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A number of occurrences during the Middle Ages led to the transformation of the lake to an inland sea that would be called the Zuiderzee, which are:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">rising sea levels</a> due to global warming known as the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Warm_Period" title="Medieval Warm Period">Medieval Warm Period</a>.</li> <li>excavation of peat by the <a href="/wiki/Frisians" title="Frisians">Frisians</a> in West Friesland near the <a href="/wiki/Vlie" title="Vlie">Vlie</a>, a river that connected lake Almere to the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>.</li> <li>floods such as the <a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Flood_(1170)" title="All Saints' Flood (1170)">All Saints' Flood (1170)</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Lucia%27s_flood" title="St. Lucia's flood">St. Lucia's flood</a> 1287.</li></ul> <p>Especially during the 12th century, particularly in 1219 and 1282, high tides and storms eroded the western banks of the Vlie and submerged large areas of land. The land between Stavoren, Texel, and Medemblik was washed away around 1170. The waterway between Stavoren and Enkhuizen, however, did not appear until around 1400. The erosion was stopped to the south and east by the high sandy shores of <a href="/wiki/Gooi" title="Gooi">Gooi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veluwe" title="Veluwe">Veluwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voorst" title="Voorst">Voorst</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gaasterland" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaasterland">Gasterland</a> in the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_(province)" title="Utrecht (province)">Utrecht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gelderland" title="Gelderland">Gelderland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Overysel" class="mw-redirect" title="Overysel">Overysel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Friesland" title="Friesland">Friesland</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zuiderzee">Zuiderzee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zuiderzee&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Zuiderzee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slag_op_de_Zuiderzee,_6_oktober_1573_(Abraham_de_Verwer,_1621).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Slag_op_de_Zuiderzee%2C_6_oktober_1573_%28Abraham_de_Verwer%2C_1621%29.jpg/220px-Slag_op_de_Zuiderzee%2C_6_oktober_1573_%28Abraham_de_Verwer%2C_1621%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Slag_op_de_Zuiderzee%2C_6_oktober_1573_%28Abraham_de_Verwer%2C_1621%29.jpg/330px-Slag_op_de_Zuiderzee%2C_6_oktober_1573_%28Abraham_de_Verwer%2C_1621%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Slag_op_de_Zuiderzee%2C_6_oktober_1573_%28Abraham_de_Verwer%2C_1621%29.jpg/440px-Slag_op_de_Zuiderzee%2C_6_oktober_1573_%28Abraham_de_Verwer%2C_1621%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8742" data-file-height="3900" /></a><figcaption>The Dutch defeat the Spanish fleet at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_on_the_Zuiderzee" title="Battle on the Zuiderzee">Battle on the Zuiderzee</a> in 1573.</figcaption></figure><p>The even more massive <a href="/wiki/St._Lucia%27s_flood" title="St. Lucia's flood">St. Lucia's flood</a> occurred 14 December 1287, when the seawalls broke during a storm, killing approximately 50,000 to 80,000 people in the fifth largest flood in recorded history. The flood occurred during a memorable storm in <a href="/wiki/Friesland" title="Friesland">Friesland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a>, and came from the North Sea, breaking and destroying several dams and dunes and transforming it into a bay which was then called the Zuiderzee,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> meaning <i>Southern Sea</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name "Zuiderzee" came into general usage around this period.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The size of this inland sea remained largely stable from the 15th century onwards due to improvements in <a href="/wiki/Dike_(construction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dike (construction)">dikes</a>, but when storms pushed North Sea water into the inlet, the Zuiderzee became a volatile cauldron of water, frequently resulting in flooding and the loss of ships. For example, on 18 November 1421, a <a href="/wiki/Seawall" title="Seawall">seawall</a> at the Zuiderzee dike broke, which flooded 72 villages and killed about 10,000 people. This was the Second <a href="/wiki/St._Elizabeth%27s_flood_(1421)" title="St. Elizabeth's flood (1421)">St. Elizabeth's flood</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The process of creating <a href="/wiki/Polder" title="Polder">polders</a> had developed to a point by 1667 that the damming of the Zuiderzee was proposed, although a feasible method did not appear until the 20th century. </p><p>The Netherlands was part of the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a> between 1810 and 1813. A <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">département</a> was formed in 1811 and named as <a href="/wiki/Zuyderz%C3%A9e" title="Zuyderzée">Zuyderzée</a> after the Zuiderzee, whose territory roughly corresponded to the present provinces of <a href="/wiki/North_Holland" title="North Holland">North Holland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_(province)" title="Utrecht (province)">Utrecht</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1928, the <a href="/wiki/6_Metre" title="6 Metre">6-meter</a> and <a href="/wiki/8_Metre_(keelboat)" class="mw-redirect" title="8 Metre (keelboat)">8-meter</a> <a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1928_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1928 Summer Olympics">sailing events</a> for the Amsterdam <a href="/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics" title="1928 Summer Olympics">Summer Olympics</a> were held on the Zuiderzee.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zuiderzee_Works">Zuiderzee Works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zuiderzee&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Zuiderzee Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NL-Zuiderzeeworks.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/NL-Zuiderzeeworks.svg/220px-NL-Zuiderzeeworks.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/NL-Zuiderzeeworks.svg/330px-NL-Zuiderzeeworks.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/NL-Zuiderzeeworks.svg/440px-NL-Zuiderzeeworks.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="241" data-file-height="285" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Zuiderzee_Works" title="Zuiderzee Works">Zuiderzee Works</a> in the Netherlands</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Zuiderzee_Works" title="Zuiderzee Works">Zuiderzee Works</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Annotated_Zuiderzee_area.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Annotated_Zuiderzee_area.png/220px-Annotated_Zuiderzee_area.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Annotated_Zuiderzee_area.png/330px-Annotated_Zuiderzee_area.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Annotated_Zuiderzee_area.png/440px-Annotated_Zuiderzee_area.png 2x" data-file-width="1436" data-file-height="1438" /></a><figcaption>Satellite view of the modern region, with parts of the Zuiderzee Works annotated</figcaption></figure> <p>The construction between 1927 and 1932 of a 19-mile long dam (the <a href="/wiki/Afsluitdijk" title="Afsluitdijk">Afsluitdijk</a>), under plans originating from <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Lely" title="Cornelis Lely">Cornelius Lely</a>, enclosed the Zuiderzee. The creation of this dam was hastened by the <a href="/wiki/Flood_of_1916" title="Flood of 1916">Flood of January 1916</a>. Plans for closing the Zuiderzee had been made over thirty years earlier but had not yet passed in <a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the completion of the Afsluitdijk in 1932, the Zuiderzee became the <a href="/wiki/IJsselmeer" title="IJsselmeer">IJsselmeer</a>, and the outer portion of the Zuiderzee became the <a href="/wiki/Wadden_Sea" title="Wadden Sea">Wadden Sea</a>. Large areas of land, mainly for agricultural use, were subsequently reclaimed from the water through the construction of <a href="/wiki/Polder" title="Polder">polders</a> with dams, pumping, and other hydrological technology. Four had been built by the early 1980s. They were the Wieringermeer Polder built in 1930; the Northeast (Noordoost) Polder, built in 1942; the East (Oostelijk) Flevoland Polder, built in 1957; and the South (Zuidelijk) Flevoland Polder, completed in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fifth, Markewaard, began construction in 1963, and became partially complete, but was abandoned in the mid-1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Collectively, this system of dams, dikes, and polders is called the <a href="/wiki/Zuiderzee_Works" title="Zuiderzee Works">Zuiderzee Works</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zuiderzee&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around the Zuiderzee many fishing villages grew up and several developed into walled towns with extensive trade connections, in particular <a href="/wiki/Kampen_(Overijssel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampen (Overijssel)">Kampen</a>, a town in <a href="/wiki/Overijssel" title="Overijssel">Overijssel</a>, and later also towns in <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a> such as Amsterdam, <a href="/wiki/Hoorn" title="Hoorn">Hoorn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Enkhuizen" title="Enkhuizen">Enkhuizen</a>. These towns traded at first with ports on the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>, in England, and in the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a>, but later also with the rest of the world when the Netherlands established its <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Empire">colonial empire</a>. When that lucrative trade diminished, most of the towns fell back on fishing and some <a href="/wiki/Industrial_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial sector">industry</a> until the 20th century when tourism became the major source of income.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Contained within the Zuiderzee were five small islands,<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the remains of what were once larger islands, <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsulas</a> connected to the <a href="/wiki/Mainland" title="Mainland">mainland</a>, or in the case of <a href="/wiki/Pampus" title="Pampus">Pampus</a>, an artificial island.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These were <a href="/wiki/Wieringen" title="Wieringen">Wieringen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urk" title="Urk">Urk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schokland" title="Schokland">Schokland</a>, Pampus and <a href="/wiki/Marken" title="Marken">Marken</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inhabitants of these islands also subsisted mainly on fishing and related industries and still do in the case of Urk and Wieringen. All of these islands, except for Pampus, are now part of the mainland or connected to it.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zuiderzee&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almere_(lake)" class="mw-redirect" title="Almere (lake)">Almere (lake)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zuiderzee&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howitworks09mars"><i>How it works : science and technology</i></a></span>. New York: Marshall Cavendish. 2003. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howitworks09mars/page/1208">1208</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0761473238" title="Special:BookSources/0761473238"><bdi>0761473238</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+it+works+%3A+science+and+technology&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1208&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0761473238&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowitworks09mars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZuiderzee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Zuider_Zee" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Zuider Zee">Zuider Zee</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 1049.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zuider+Zee&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=1049&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZuiderzee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ensie.nl/oosthoek1916/almere">"Almere"</a>. <i>Oosthoek encyclopedie</i> (in Dutch). OOSTHOEK'S UITGEVERS MIJ. N.V (1916-1925). 17 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Almere&rft.btitle=Oosthoek+encyclopedie&rft.pub=OOSTHOEK%27S+UITGEVERS+MIJ.+N.V+%281916-1925%29&rft.date=2019-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ensie.nl%2Foosthoek1916%2Falmere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZuiderzee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKoch2006" class="citation book cs1">Koch, John T. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&pg=PA1195"><i>Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia</i></a>. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 1195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-440-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-440-0"><bdi>978-1-85109-440-0</bdi></a>. <q>Germanic variants, for example, <i>Flevo</i> (in classical sources) and Modern Dutch <i>Vlie(t)</i> also occur...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+culture%3A+a+historical+encyclopedia&rft.pages=1195&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-440-0&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df899xH_quaMC%26pg%3DPA1195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZuiderzee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFde_Vries1971" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">de Vries, J. (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymologiebank.nl/trefwoord/vloeien"><i>Nederlands Etymologisch Woordenboek</i></a> (in Dutch). <q>*<i>pleu</i>, dat nog voortleeft in lat. germ. <i>Flevo</i>, <i>Flevum</i>, mnl. <i>Fleo</i>, <i>Fli</i>, nnl. <i>Vlie</i> 'waddenstroom aan de Friese kust'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nederlands+Etymologisch+Woordenboek&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=de+Vries&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymologiebank.nl%2Ftrefwoord%2Fvloeien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZuiderzee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBuisman1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Buisman, Jan (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duizendjaarweer.nl/duizend-jaar-weer/"><i>Duizend jaar weer, wind en water in de Lage Landen</i></a> (in Dutch). Franeker, the Netherlands: Van Wijnen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-05194-075-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-05194-075-6"><bdi>978-9-05194-075-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209134825/https://www.duizendjaarweer.nl/duizend-jaar-weer/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Duizend+jaar+weer%2C+wind+en+water+in+de+Lage+Landen&rft.place=Franeker%2C+the+Netherlands&rft.pub=Van+Wijnen&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-9-05194-075-6&rft.aulast=Buisman&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.duizendjaarweer.nl%2Fduizend-jaar-weer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZuiderzee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1928/1928.pdf">1928 Summer Olympics official report</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080408184510/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1928/1928.pdf">Archived</a> 8 April 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> pp. 271–272, 274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLely1922" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Lely" title="Cornelis Lely">Lely, Cornelius</a> (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.83474/page/n1189/mode/2up">"Zuider Zee"</a>. In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 32 (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. pp. <span class="nowrap">1143–</span>1144.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zuider+Zee&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1143-%3C%2Fspan%3E1144&rft.edition=12th&rft.pub=The+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Company&rft.date=1922&rft.aulast=Lely&rft.aufirst=Cornelius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.83474%2Fpage%2Fn1189%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZuiderzee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/IJsselmeer-Polders">"IJsselmeer Polders"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=IJsselmeer+Polders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FIJsselmeer-Polders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZuiderzee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/148799/zuiderzee-works">"Zuiderzee Works"</a>. <i>NASA Earth Observatory</i>. NASA. 6 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+Earth+Observatory&rft.atitle=Zuiderzee+Works&rft.date=2021-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthobservatory.nasa.gov%2Fimages%2F148799%2Fzuiderzee-works&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZuiderzee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zuiderzee&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Zuiderzee" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Zuiderzee">Zuiderzee</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zuiderzeemuseum.nl/?language=en">Zuiderzee Museum</a>, dedicated to the history and culture of the former Zuiderzee</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holland-cycling.com/where-to-go/long-distance-cycle-routes/national-long-distance-cycle-network/zuider-sea-route-zuiderzeeroute">Zuiderzee Cycle Route</a>, long-distance cycle route around the former Zuiderzee</li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Zuiderzee&params=52_42_N_05_24_E_region:NL_type:waterbody"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">05°24′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.700°N 5.400°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.700; 5.400</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1928_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Template:1928 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1928_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Template talk:1928 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1928_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1928 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Venues_of_the_1928_Summer_Olympics_(Amsterdam)138" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/30px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/45px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Venues_of_the_1928_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Venues of the 1928 Summer Olympics">Venues</a> of the <a href="/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics" title="1928 Summer Olympics">1928 Summer Olympics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amersfoort" title="Amersfoort">Amersfoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IJ_(Amsterdam)" title="IJ (Amsterdam)">Buiten Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilversum" title="Hilversum">Hilversum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krachtsportgebouw" title="Krachtsportgebouw">Krachtsportgebouw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monnikenhuize" title="Monnikenhuize">Monnikenhuize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Stadion_(Amsterdam)" title="Old Stadion (Amsterdam)">Old Stadion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Sports_Park_Swim_Stadium" title="Olympic Sports Park Swim Stadium">Olympic Sports Park Swim Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Amsterdam)" title="Olympic Stadium (Amsterdam)">Olympic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schermzaal" title="Schermzaal">Schermzaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloten,_Amsterdam" title="Sloten, Amsterdam">Sloten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta_Stadion_Het_Kasteel" title="Sparta Stadion Het Kasteel">Sparta Stadion Het Kasteel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeeburg" title="Zeeburg">Zeeburg Shooting Grounds</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zuiderzee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Olympic_venues_in_sailing97" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Olympic_venues_sailing" title="Template:Olympic venues sailing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Olympic_venues_sailing" title="Template talk:Olympic venues sailing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic_venues_sailing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic venues sailing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Olympic_venues_in_sailing97" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues_in_sailing" title="List of Olympic venues in sailing">Olympic venues in sailing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics">1900</a>: <a href="/wiki/Meulan-en-Yvelines" title="Meulan-en-Yvelines">Meulan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ryde" title="Ryde">Ryde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunters_Quay" title="Hunters Quay">Hunters Quay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1912 Summer Olympics">1912</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nyn%C3%A4shamn" title="Nynäshamn">Nynäshamn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1920_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1920 Summer Olympics">1920</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Ostend</a>, <a href="/wiki/IJ_(bay)" class="mw-redirect" title="IJ (bay)">Buiten Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1924_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1924 Summer Olympics">1924</a>: <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meulan-en-Yvelines" title="Meulan-en-Yvelines">Meulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1928_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1928 Summer Olympics">1928</a>: <a href="/wiki/IJ_(Amsterdam)" title="IJ (Amsterdam)">Buiten Y</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zuiderzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1932_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics">1932</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Los_Angeles" title="Port of Los Angeles">Los Angeles Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1936 Summer Olympics">1936</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Kiel" title="Bay of Kiel">Kiel Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1948 Summer Olympics">1948</a>: <a href="/wiki/Torbay" title="Torbay">Torbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1952 Summer Olympics">1952</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harmaja" title="Harmaja">Harmaja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liuskasaari" title="Liuskasaari">Liuskasaari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1956_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1956 Summer Olympics">1956</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port_Phillip" title="Port Phillip">Port Phillip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1960_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1960 Summer Olympics">1960</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Naples" title="Gulf of Naples">Gulf of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1964 Summer Olympics">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Enoshima" title="Enoshima">Enoshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1968 Summer Olympics">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Club_de_Yates_de_Acapulco" title="Club de Yates de Acapulco">Club de Yates de Acapulco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1972 Summer Olympics">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Kiel" title="Bay of Kiel">Bay of Kiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1976 Summer Olympics">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Olympic_Harbour" title="Portsmouth Olympic Harbour">Portsmouth Olympic Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1980 Summer Olympics">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Olympic_Yachting_Centre" title="Tallinn Olympic Yachting Centre">Olympic Regatta in Tallinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1984_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1984 Summer Olympics">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach_Shoreline_Marina" title="Long Beach Shoreline Marina">Long Beach Shoreline Marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1988 Summer Olympics">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/Busan_Yachting_Center" title="Busan Yachting Center">Busan Yachting Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1992 Summer Olympics">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port_Ol%C3%ADmpic" title="Port Olímpic">Olympic Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1996 Summer Olympics">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wassaw_Sound" title="Wassaw Sound">Wassaw Sound</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sailing_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/60px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/120px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2000 Summer Olympics">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rushcutters_Bay" title="Rushcutters Bay">Rushcutters Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2004 Summer Olympics">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Agios_Kosmas_Olympic_Sailing_Centre" title="Agios Kosmas Olympic Sailing Centre">Agios Kosmas Olympic Sailing Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2008 Summer Olympics">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_International_Sailing_Centre" title="Qingdao International Sailing Centre">Qingdao International Sailing Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/Weymouth_and_Portland_National_Sailing_Academy" title="Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy">Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2016 Summer Olympics">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Marina_da_Gl%C3%B3ria" title="Marina da Glória">Marina da Glória</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2020 Summer Olympics">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Enoshima" title="Enoshima">Enoshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2024_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2024 Summer Olympics">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Old_Port_of_Marseille" title="Old Port of Marseille">Old Port of Marseille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028</a>: <a href="/wiki/Belmont_Veterans_Memorial_Pier" title="Belmont Veterans Memorial Pier">Belmont Veterans Memorial Pier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics" title="2032 Summer Olympics">2032</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Headland,_Queensland" title="Alexandra Headland, 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