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title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">伊凡·希什曼</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。28种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan_Schischman" title="Iwan Schischman – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Iwan Schischman" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="إيفان شيشمان – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيفان شيشمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Іван Шышман – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іван Шышман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иван Шишман – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Иван Шишман" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Xixman" title="Ivan Xixman – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ivan Xixman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_%C5%A0i%C5%A1man" title="Ivan Šišman – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ivan Šišman" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%87%D1%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8A_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8A" title="Їѡаннъ Шишманъ – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Їѡаннъ Шишманъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan_Schischman" title="Iwan Schischman – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Iwan Schischman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BD_%CE%A3%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Ιβάν Σισμάν – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιβάν Σισμάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Shishman_of_Bulgaria" title="Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iv%C3%A1n_Shishman" title="Iván Shishman – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Iván Shishman" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Chichman" title="Ivan Chichman – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ivan Chichman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%9F,_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="איוואן שישמן, קיסר בולגריה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איוואן שישמן, קיסר בולגריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iv%C3%A1n_Sisman_bolg%C3%A1r_c%C3%A1r" title="Iván Sisman bolgár cár – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Iván Sisman bolgár cár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_%C5%A0i%C5%A1man_di_Bulgaria" title="Ivan Šišman di Bulgaria – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ivan Šišman di Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%98_%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%88%EB%A7%8C" title="이반 시슈만 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이반 시슈만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Јован Шишман – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јован Шишман" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan_Szyszman" title="Iwan Szyszman – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Iwan Szyszman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Sismanes_da_Bulg%C3%A1ria" title="João Sismanes da Bulgária – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="João Sismanes da Bulgária" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioan_%C8%98i%C8%99man_al_Bulgariei" title="Ioan Șișman al Bulgariei – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ioan Șișman al Bulgariei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иван Шишман – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иван Шишман" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_%C5%A0i%C5%A1man" title="Ivan Šišman – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ivan Šišman" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_%C5%A0i%C5%A1man" title="Ivan Šišman – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ivan Šišman" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Јован Шишман – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јован Шишман" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Shishman" title="Ivan Shishman – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ivan Shishman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ซาร์อีวัน ชิชมันแห่งบัลแกเรีย – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซาร์อีวัน ชิชมันแห่งบัลแกเรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0van_%C5%9Ei%C5%9Fman" title="İvan Şişman – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İvan Şişman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Іван Шишман – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іван Шишман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q354796#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E4%BB%80%E6%9B%BC" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E4%BB%80%E6%9B%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="关于此页面的讨论（页面不存在）[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output 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.ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>没有列出任何<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">参考或来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2022年12月3日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>維基百科所有的內容都應該<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">可供查證</a>。请协助補充<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E4%BB%80%E6%9B%BC&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>。无法查证的內容可能會因為異議提出而被移除。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>伊凡·希什曼</b>（保加利亞語：Иван Шишман）是一位<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%B2%99%E7%9A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亞沙皇">保加利亞沙皇</a>（統治時期：1371年-1395年6月3日）。伊凡·希什曼的權力僅限於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="保加利亚帝国">保加利亞帝國</a>的中部地區。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%C2%B7%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7" title="伊凡·亞歷山大">伊凡·亞歷山大</a>死後，保加利亞帝國被他的兒子們分成三個王國，伊凡·希什曼佔領了位於保加利亞中部的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E7%88%BE%E8%AB%BE%E6%B2%83%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特爾諾沃王國（页面不存在）">特爾諾沃王國</a>，而他的同父異母兄弟<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E9%BD%8A%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE" title="伊凡·斯拉齊米爾">伊凡·斯拉齊米爾</a>則掌管<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E4%B8%81%E6%B2%99%E7%9A%87%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維丁沙皇國（页面不存在）">維丁沙皇國</a>。儘管他為擊退鄂圖曼人而進行的鬥爭使他有別於巴爾幹半島的其他統治者，例如塞爾維亞暴君斯蒂芬·拉扎雷維奇，後者成為鄂圖曼人的忠實附庸，每年進貢並參加了科索沃戰役之後的所有奧斯曼戰役，做出了貢獻一支5000名強大的基督教騎士隊伍。儘管伊凡·希什曼在過去的政策中被歸類為優柔寡斷和反复無常的人，但這樣做幾乎沒有考慮到對這位統治者所掌握的條件和有限資源背景的理解。值得注意的是，伊凡·希什曼是唯一一位沒有向鄂圖曼帝國進貢或提供任何軍事援助的證據的巴爾幹統治者。根據歷史證據和該地區頌揚他與鄂圖曼帝國入侵者的鬥爭的眾多民歌，伊凡·希什曼的形像是對鄂圖曼帝國入侵的激烈而一致的抵抗之一。不管怎樣，1393年鄂圖曼土耳其人佔領了首都<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%BA%E6%B2%83" class="mw-redirect" title="特尔诺沃">特爾諾沃</a>。兩年後，蘇丹<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%80%B6%E6%B5%8E%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="巴耶济德一世">巴耶濟德一世</a>在匈牙利和瓦拉幾亞的兩次戰役失敗後，從要塞北部出其不意地攻占了<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" title="尼科波利斯">尼科波利斯</a>，假借談判的名義傳喚了伊凡·希什曼，並將他斬首處決。 </p><p>儘管在軍事和政治上處於弱勢，但在他的統治期間，保加利亞仍然是一個主要的文化中心，而<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E4%BF%AE" title="靜修">靜修主義</a>的思想主導了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="保加利亞正教會">保加利亞正教</a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E7%88%BE%E8%AB%BE%E6%B2%83%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%90%E8%A5%BF%E7%B9%86%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特爾諾沃的歐西繆斯（页面不存在）">特爾諾沃的大主教歐西繆斯</a>成為該國最著名的文化人物。他編寫或翻譯了許多文本，並發布了具有同步規則的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亞語">保加利亞語</a>正字法改革。保加利亞淪陷後，一些學者到其他東正教國家避難，並將保加利亞文化的成果帶給他們。 </p><p>他的統治與<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="鄂圖曼帝國">鄂圖曼帝國</a>統治下保加利亞的淪陷有著千絲萬縷的聯繫。在保加利亞的民間傳說中，伊凡希什曼被描繪成一位傳奇的英勇統治者，他與壓倒性的鄂圖曼帝國軍隊進行了殊死搏鬥。保加利亞有許多以他命名的遺址、地理特徵和堡壘。 </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="保加利亚国家元首列表">保加利亞國家元首</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="保加利亚君主列表">保加利亞君主</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="保加利亚国家元首列表">保加利亞總統</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="保加利亚第一帝国">保加利亚第一帝国</a><br />（681年－1018年）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E9%B2%81%E8%B5%AB" title="阿斯巴鲁赫">阿斯巴鲁赫</a> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="保加利亞的特維爾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tervel of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E7%89%B9%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保加利亞的特維爾（页面不存在）">特維爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tervel_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Tervel of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tervel of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科爾梅希" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kormesiy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E7%88%BE%E6%A2%85%E5%B8%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科爾梅希（页面不存在）">科爾梅希</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kormesiy" class="extiw" title="en:Kormesiy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kormesiy</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="謝瓦爾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sevar of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AC%9D%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="謝瓦爾（页面不存在）">謝瓦爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevar_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Sevar of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sevar of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科爾米索什" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kormisosh"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E7%88%BE%E7%B1%B3%E7%B4%A2%E4%BB%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科爾米索什（页面不存在）">科爾米索什</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kormisosh" class="extiw" title="en:Kormisosh"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kormisosh</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="維內赫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vineh of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E5%85%A7%E8%B5%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維內赫（页面不存在）">維內赫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vineh_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Vineh of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vineh of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="帖列茲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Telets of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%96%E5%88%97%E8%8C%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帖列茲（页面不存在）">帖列茲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telets_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Telets of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Telets of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="保加利亞的薩賓" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sabin of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E8%96%A9%E8%B3%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保加利亞的薩賓（页面不存在）">薩賓</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabin_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Sabin of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sabin of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="烏莫爾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Umor of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%8F%E8%8E%AB%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烏莫爾（页面不存在）">烏莫爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umor_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Umor of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Umor of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="托克圖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Toktu of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E5%85%8B%E5%9C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托克圖（页面不存在）">托克圖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toktu_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Toktu of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Toktu of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="帕甘" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pagan of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E7%94%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕甘（页面不存在）">帕甘</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagan_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Pagan of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pagan of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="帖列里格" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Telerig of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%96%E5%88%97%E9%87%8C%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帖列里格（页面不存在）">帖列里格</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telerig_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Telerig of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Telerig of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="保加利亞的卡爾達姆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kardam of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%E9%81%94%E5%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保加利亞的卡爾達姆（页面不存在）">卡爾達姆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardam_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Kardam of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kardam of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%B2%81%E5%A7%86" title="克鲁姆">克鲁姆</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%94%E6%A0%BC" title="奥莫尔塔格">奥莫尔塔格</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94" title="马拉米尔">马拉米尔</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%97%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="普列西安一世">普列西安一世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%8D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="鲍里斯一世">鲍里斯一世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="保加利亞的弗拉迪米爾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vladimir of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%BF%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保加利亞的弗拉迪米爾（页面不存在）">弗拉迪米爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Vladimir of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vladimir of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%8E%E6%98%82%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="西美昂一世">西美昂一世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A)" title="彼得一世 (保加利亚)">彼得一世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%8D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="鲍里斯二世">鲍里斯二世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="保加利亞的羅曼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保加利亞的羅曼（页面不存在）">羅曼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Roman of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%9A%84%E8%90%A8%E7%BC%AA%E5%B0%94" title="保加利亚的萨缪尔">薩繆爾</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加夫里爾·拉多米爾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gavril Radomir of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%A4%AB%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%9A%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加夫里爾·拉多米爾（页面不存在）">加夫里爾·拉多米爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavril_Radomir_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Gavril Radomir of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gavril Radomir of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊凡·弗拉迪斯拉夫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊凡·弗拉迪斯拉夫（页面不存在）">伊凡·弗拉迪斯拉夫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Vladislav_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="保加利亚第二帝国">保加利亚第二帝国</a><br />（1185年－1396年）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%A3%AE%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="伊凡·阿森一世">伊凡·阿森一世</a> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="保加利亞的彼得二世">彼得二世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E6%89%AC_(%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A)" title="卡洛扬 (保加利亚)">卡洛揚</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鮑里爾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Boril of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AE%91%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鮑里爾（页面不存在）">鮑里爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boril_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Boril of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Boril of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%A3%AE%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="伊凡·阿森二世">伊凡·阿森二世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡里曼·阿森一世" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kaliman I of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%A3%AE%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡里曼·阿森一世（页面不存在）">卡里曼·阿森一世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliman_I_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Kaliman I of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kaliman I of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="米哈伊二世·阿森" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Michael II Asen"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米哈伊二世·阿森（页面不存在）">米哈伊二世·阿森</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_II_Asen" class="extiw" title="en:Michael II Asen"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Michael II Asen</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡里曼·阿森二世" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kaliman Asen II of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%A3%AE%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡里曼·阿森二世（页面不存在）">卡里曼·阿森二世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliman_Asen_II_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Kaliman Asen II of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kaliman Asen II of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="米措·阿森" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mitso Asen of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E6%8E%AA%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米措·阿森（页面不存在）">米措·阿森</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitso_Asen_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Mitso Asen of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mitso Asen of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%A3%AE" title="君士坦丁·阿森">君士坦丁·阿森</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="保加利亞的伊瓦伊洛" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ivaylo of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%8A%E7%93%A6%E4%BC%8A%E6%B4%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保加利亞的伊瓦伊洛（页面不存在）">伊瓦伊洛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivaylo_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Ivaylo of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ivaylo of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊凡·阿森三世" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ivan Asen III of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%A3%AE%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊凡·阿森三世（页面不存在）">伊凡·阿森三世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Asen_III_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Ivan Asen III of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ivan Asen III of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="格奧爾基·帖特爾一世" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="George I of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E5%9F%BA%C2%B7%E5%B8%96%E7%89%B9%E7%88%BE%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格奧爾基·帖特爾一世（页面不存在）">格奧爾基·帖特爾一世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_I_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:George I of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">George I of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯米列茲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Smilets of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E7%B1%B3%E5%88%97%E8%8C%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯米列茲（页面不存在）">斯米列茲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smilets_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Smilets of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Smilets of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%81%B0%E5%8D%A1_(%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E)" title="恰卡 (保加利亞)">恰卡</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%B6%AD%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB" title="托多·斯維托斯拉夫">托多·斯維托斯拉夫</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="格奧爾基·帖特爾二世" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="George II of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E5%9F%BA%C2%B7%E5%B8%96%E7%89%B9%E7%88%BE%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格奧爾基·帖特爾二世（页面不存在）">格奧爾基·帖特爾二世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_II_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:George II of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">George II of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E4%BB%80%E6%9B%BC" title="米哈伊尔·希什曼">米哈伊尔·希什曼</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊凡·斯特凡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ivan Stephen of Bulgaria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%87%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊凡·斯特凡（页面不存在）">伊凡·斯特凡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Stephen_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Ivan Stephen of Bulgaria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ivan Stephen of Bulgaria</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%C2%B7%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7" title="伊凡·亞歷山大">伊凡·亞歷山大</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a class="mw-selflink selflink">伊凡·希什曼</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E9%BD%8A%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE" title="伊凡·斯拉齊米爾">伊凡·斯拉齊米爾</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚"><img alt="保加利亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞大公國">保加利亞大公國</a><br />（1878年－1908年）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E)" title="亞歷山大一世 (保加利亞)">亞歷山大</a> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E)" title="斐迪南一世 (保加利亞)">斐迪南</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚"><img alt="保加利亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞王國">保加利亞王國</a><br />（1908年－1946年）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E)" title="斐迪南一世 (保加利亞)">斐迪南</a> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%8D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="鲍里斯三世">鲍里斯三世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%8E%E6%98%82%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="西美昂二世">西美昂二世</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="保加利亞王國攝政委員會 (1943年－1944年)" data-lang-code="bg" data-lang-name="保加利亞語" data-foreign-title="Регентски съвет на Царство България 1943-1944 година"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%9D%E6%94%BF%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83_(1943%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1944%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保加利亞王國攝政委員會 (1943年－1944年)（页面不存在）">第一攝政委員會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">保加利亞語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_1943-1944_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="bg:Регентски съвет на Царство България 1943-1944 година"><span lang="bg" dir="auto">Регентски съвет на Царство България 1943-1944 година</span></a></span>）</span></span>［王子<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E7%8E%8B%E5%AD%90_(%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E)" title="基里爾王子 (保加利亞)">基里爾</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波格丹·菲洛夫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bogdan Filov"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E6%A0%BC%E4%B8%B9%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波格丹·菲洛夫（页面不存在）">波格丹·菲洛夫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogdan_Filov" class="extiw" title="en:Bogdan Filov"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bogdan Filov</span></a></span>）</span></span>及<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尼古拉·米霍夫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nikola Mihov"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼古拉·米霍夫（页面不存在）">尼古拉·米霍夫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Mihov" class="extiw" title="en:Nikola Mihov"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nikola Mihov</span></a></span>）</span></span>］</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="保加利亞王國攝政委員會 (1944年－1946年)" data-lang-code="bg" data-lang-name="保加利亞語" data-foreign-title="Регентски съвет на Царство България 1944-1946 година"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%9D%E6%94%BF%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83_(1944%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1946%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保加利亞王國攝政委員會 (1944年－1946年)（页面不存在）">第二攝政委員會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">保加利亞語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_1944-1946_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="bg:Регентски съвет на Царство България 1944-1946 година"><span lang="bg" dir="auto">Регентски съвет на Царство България 1944-1946 година</span></a></span>）</span></span>［<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="托多爾·巴夫洛夫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Todor Pavlov"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E5%A4%9A%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%A4%AB%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托多爾·巴夫洛夫（页面不存在）">托多爾·巴夫洛夫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todor_Pavlov" class="extiw" title="en:Todor Pavlov"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Todor Pavlov</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="維內林·加涅夫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Venelin Ganev"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E5%85%A7%E6%9E%97%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E6%B6%85%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維內林·加涅夫（页面不存在）">維內林·加涅夫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venelin_Ganev" class="extiw" title="en:Venelin Ganev"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Venelin Ganev</span></a></span>）</span></span>及<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="茲維特科·博博舍夫斯基" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tsvetko Boboshevski"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8C%B2%E7%B6%AD%E7%89%B9%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E5%8D%9A%E8%88%8D%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="茲維特科·博博舍夫斯基（页面不存在）">茲維特科·博博舍夫斯基</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsvetko_Boboshevski" class="extiw" title="en:Tsvetko Boboshevski"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tsvetko Boboshevski</span></a></span>）</span></span>］攝政）</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞人民共和國">保加利亞人民共和國</a></span><br />（1946年－1990年）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%8B%89%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%AB" title="瓦西里·科拉羅夫">瓦西里·科拉羅夫</a> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%94%C2%B7%E6%B6%85%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%87%E5%A4%AB" title="明乔·涅伊切夫">明乔·涅伊切夫</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%BA%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E7%B1%B3%E6%89%AC%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB" title="格奥尔基·达米扬诺夫">格奥尔基·达米扬诺夫</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="格奧爾基·庫利舍夫" data-lang-code="bg" data-lang-name="保加利亞語" data-foreign-title="Георги Кулишев"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E5%9F%BA%C2%B7%E5%BA%AB%E5%88%A9%E8%88%8D%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格奧爾基·庫利舍夫（页面不存在）">格奧爾基·庫利舍夫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">保加利亞語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="bg:Георги Кулишев"><span lang="bg" dir="auto">Георги Кулишев</span></a></span>）</span></span>及<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尼古拉·格奧爾基耶夫 (政治人物)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Николай Георгиев (политик)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E5%9F%BA%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB_(%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼古拉·格奧爾基耶夫 (政治人物)（页面不存在）">尼古拉·格奧爾基耶夫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA)" class="extiw" title="en:Николай Георгиев (политик)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Николай Георгиев (политик)</span></a></span>）</span></span><small>（代理）</small></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="迪米特爾·加涅夫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dimitar Ganev"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E6%B6%85%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迪米特爾·加涅夫（页面不存在）">迪米特爾·加涅夫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitar_Ganev" class="extiw" title="en:Dimitar Ganev"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dimitar Ganev</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="格奧爾基·庫利舍夫" data-lang-code="bg" data-lang-name="保加利亞語" data-foreign-title="Георги Кулишев"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E5%9F%BA%C2%B7%E5%BA%AB%E5%88%A9%E8%88%8D%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格奧爾基·庫利舍夫（页面不存在）">格奧爾基·庫利舍夫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">保加利亞語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="bg:Георги Кулишев"><span lang="bg" dir="auto">Георги Кулишев</span></a></span>）</span></span>及<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尼古拉·格奧爾基耶夫 (政治人物)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Николай Георгиев (политик)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E5%9F%BA%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB_(%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼古拉·格奧爾基耶夫 (政治人物)（页面不存在）">尼古拉·格奧爾基耶夫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA)" class="extiw" title="en:Николай Георгиев (политик)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Николай Георгиев (политик)</span></a></span>）</span></span><small>（代理）</small></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="格奧爾基·特拉伊科夫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Georgi Traykov"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E5%9F%BA%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%8A%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格奧爾基·特拉伊科夫（页面不存在）">格奧爾基·特拉伊科夫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgi_Traykov" class="extiw" title="en:Georgi Traykov"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Georgi Traykov</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%97%A5%E5%A4%AB%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" title="托多尔·日夫科夫">托多尔·日夫科夫</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E5%A7%86%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB" title="彼得·姆拉德诺夫">彼得·姆拉德诺夫</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E5%A4%9A%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%AB" title="斯坦科·托多罗夫">斯坦科·托多罗夫</a><small>（代理）</small></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尼古拉·托多羅夫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nikolai Todorov"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E5%A4%9A%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼古拉·托多羅夫（页面不存在）">尼古拉·托多羅夫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Todorov" class="extiw" title="en:Nikolai Todorov"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nikolai Todorov</span></a></span>）</span></span><small>（代理）</small></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E6%9F%B3%C2%B7%E7%86%B1%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB" title="熱柳·熱列夫">熱柳·熱列夫</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亞共和國</a><br />（1990年－）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E6%9F%B3%C2%B7%E7%86%B1%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB" title="熱柳·熱列夫">熱柳·熱列夫</a> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%89%AC%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB" title="彼得·斯托扬诺夫">彼得·斯托扬诺夫</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%BA%C2%B7%E7%8F%80%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB" title="格奥尔基·珀尔瓦诺夫">格奥尔基·珀尔瓦诺夫</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%A3%AE%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB%E5%86%85%E5%88%A9%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB" title="罗森·普列夫内利耶夫">罗森·普列夫内利耶夫</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E9%96%80%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E5%A4%AB" title="魯門·拉德夫">魯門·拉德夫</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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