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id="toc-Exposure_and_metabolism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exposure_and_metabolism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Exposure and metabolism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exposure_and_metabolism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neurological_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neurological_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Neurological effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neurological_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Developmental_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Developmental_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Developmental effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Developmental_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Other effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monitoring_Methods_Used_by_OSHA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monitoring_Methods_Used_by_OSHA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monitoring_Methods_Used_by_OSHA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1984_poisoning_outbreak_in_Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1984_poisoning_outbreak_in_Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>1984 poisoning outbreak in Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1984_poisoning_outbreak_in_Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Environmental behavior</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Environmental_behavior-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Environmental behavior subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Environmental_behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Removal_from_the_environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Removal_from_the_environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Removal from the environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Removal_from_the_environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Regulation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regulation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Regulation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Regulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>International organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endrina" title="Endrina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Endrina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endrin" title="Endrin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Endrin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endrin" title="Endrin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Endrin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endrina_(plaguicida)" title="Endrina (plaguicida) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Endrina (plaguicida)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endrino" title="Endrino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Endrino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endrina" title="Endrina – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Endrina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eindrin" title="Eindrin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eindrin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endrina" title="Endrina – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Endrina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%94%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%B0" title="엔드린 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="엔드린" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3" title="エンドリン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エンドリン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Эндрин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эндрин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endrin" title="Endrin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Endrin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%DA%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ائنڊرين – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ائنڊرين" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endrin" title="Endrin – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Endrin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endrin" title="Endrin – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Endrin" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endrin" title="Endrin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Endrin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ndrin" title="Éndrin – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Éndrin" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endriini" title="Endriini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Endriini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endrin" title="Endrin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Endrin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endrin" title="Endrin – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Endrin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E7%8B%84%E6%B0%8F%E5%89%82" title="异狄氏剂 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="异狄氏剂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q423354#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1268415487">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-chembox figure:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent){background:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-chembox figure:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent){background:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>Endrin </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Endrin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Endrin.svg/220px-Endrin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Endrin.svg/330px-Endrin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Endrin.svg/440px-Endrin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Endrin-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Endrin-3D-balls.png/220px-Endrin-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Endrin-3D-balls.png/330px-Endrin-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Endrin-3D-balls.png/440px-Endrin-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1834" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Names </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Preferred_IUPAC_name" title="Preferred IUPAC name">Preferred IUPAC name</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; max-width:22em;">(1a<i>R</i>,2<i>R</i>,2a<i>R</i>,3<i>R</i>,6<i>S</i>,6a<i>S</i>,7<i>S</i>,7a<i>S</i>)-3,4,5,6,9,9-Hexachloro-1a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a-octahydro-2,7:3,6-dimethanonaphtho[2,3-<i>b</i>]oxirene</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Other names <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">Mendrin, Compound 269, 1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-endo,endo-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Identifiers </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=72-20-8">72-20-8</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=C1C2C3C%28C1C4C2O4%29C5%28C%28%3DC%28C3%28C5%28Cl%29Cl%29Cl%29Cl%29Cl%29Cl">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=81526">CHEBI:81526</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL44072">ChEMBL44072</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.21782117.html">21782117</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.000.705">100.000.705</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423354#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Community_number" title="European Community number"><span title="European Community number (chemical identifier)">EC Number</span></a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>200-775-7</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C18124">C18124</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3048">3048</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RTECS" class="mw-redirect" title="RTECS">RTECS number</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>IO1575000</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/OB9NVE7YCL">OB9NVE7YCL</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UN_number" title="UN number">UN number</a> </td> <td>2761 </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID6020561">DTXSID6020561</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423354#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C12H8Cl6O/c13-8-9(14)11(16)5-3-1-2(6-7(3)19-6)4(5)10(8,15)12(11,17)18/h2-7H,1H2/t2-,3+,4+,5-,6-,7+,10-,11+<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: DFBKLUNHFCTMDC-RVVFZPGKSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1/C12H8Cl6O/c13-8-9(14)11(16)5-3-1-2(6-7(3)19-6)4(5)10(8,15)12(11,17)18/h2-7H,1H2/t2-,3+,4+,5-,6-,7+,10-,11+</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: DFBKLUNHFCTMDC-RVVFZPGKBH</div></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">C1C2C3C(C1C4C2O4)C5(C(=C(C3(C5(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl</div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Properties </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></div> </td> <td><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>12</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>8</sub><span title="Chlorine">Cl</span><sub>6</sub><span title="Oxygen">O</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a> </td> <td>380.907 g/mol    </td></tr> <tr> <td>Appearance </td> <td>Colorless to tan crystalline solid </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a> </td> <td>1.77 g/cm<sup>3</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-CES_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CES-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a> </td> <td>200 °C (392 °F; 473 K) (decomposes) </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">Solubility in water</a></div> </td> <td>0.23 mg/L<sup id="cite_ref-PDS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressure" title="Vapor pressure">Vapor pressure</a> </td> <td>2.6 x 10<sup>-5</sup> Pa<sup id="cite_ref-CES_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CES-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Hazards </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;color:inherit;"><b><a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">Occupational safety and health</a></b> (OHS/OSH): </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main hazards</div> </td> <td>Toxic with delayed onset of toxicity </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals"><b>GHS</b> labelling</a>: </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_hazard_pictograms" title="GHS hazard pictograms">Pictograms</a></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-skull.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS06: Toxic"><img alt="GHS06: Toxic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS08: Health hazard"><img alt="GHS08: Health hazard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS09: Environmental hazard"><img alt="GHS09: Environmental hazard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals#Signal_word" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals">Signal word</a></div> </td> <td><b>Danger</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_hazard_statements" title="GHS hazard statements">Hazard statements</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="H301: Toxic if swallowed">H301</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H310: Fatal in contact with skin">H310</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H351: Suspected of causing cancer">H351</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure">H372</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects">H410</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_precautionary_statements" title="GHS precautionary statements">Precautionary statements</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="P201: Obtain special instructions before use.">P201</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.">P202</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.">P260</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P262: Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.">P262</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.">P264</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.">P270</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P273: Avoid release to the environment.">P273</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.">P280</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P281: Use personal protective equipment as required.">P281</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P301+P310: IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.">P301+P310</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P302+P350: IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with soap and water.">P302+P350</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.">P308+P313</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.">P310</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P314: Get Medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.">P314</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P321: Specific treatment (see ... on this label).">P321</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P322: Specific measures (see ... on this label).">P322</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P330: Rinse mouth.">P330</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P361: Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.">P361</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P363: Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.">P363</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P391: Collect spillage.">P391</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P405: Store locked up.">P405</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...">P501</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704"><b>NFPA 704</b></a> (fire diamond) </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1170367383">.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-ref{float:right;padding:1px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container{width:82px;font-family:sans-serif;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container-ref{float:left;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-images{float:left;font-size:20px;text-align:center;position:relative;height:80px;width:80px;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-map{position:absolute;height:80px;width:80px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond .noresize{margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code{line-height:1em;text-align:center;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code>a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-blue{width:13px;top:31px;left:15px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-red{width:12px;top:12px;left:35px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-yellow{width:13px;top:31px;left:54px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-image{position:relative;top:51px;left:0}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;line-height:80%;position:absolute;top:52px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text a>span{position:absolute;color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wors{font-size:15px;width:23px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wox{font-size:15px;font-stretch:condensed;width:21px;line-height:80%;top:-4px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-abcp{font-size:13.5px;font-stretch:condensed;width:28px;left:26px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-ac{font-size:10px;width:30px;left:25px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-strike{text-decoration:line-through}</style><div class="nfpa-704-diamond notheme"><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-container"><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-images nounderlines"> <div class="nfpa-704-diamond-map"><figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="NFPA 704 four-colored diamond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/80px-NFPA_704.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/120px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/160px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" usemap="#ImageMap_7b3d73138c259557" /></span><map name="ImageMap_7b3d73138c259557"><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" shape="poly" coords="23,23,47,47,23,70,0,47" alt="Health 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gas" title="Health 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gas" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" shape="poly" coords="47,0,70,23,47,47,23,23" alt="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" title="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" shape="poly" coords="70,23,94,47,70,70,47,47" alt="Instability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogen" title="Instability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogen" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#White" shape="poly" coords="47,47,70,70,47,94,23,70" alt="Special hazards (white): no code" title="Special hazards (white): no code" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-blue"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Health 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gas" class="notheme mw-no-invert">3</span></a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-red"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" class="notheme mw-no-invert">0</span></a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-yellow"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Instability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogen" class="notheme mw-no-invert">0</span></a></div></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flash_point" title="Flash point">Flash point</a> </td> <td>noncombustible<sup id="cite_ref-niosh_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-niosh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;color:inherit;"><b>Lethal dose</b> or concentration (LD, LC): </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">LD<sub>50</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Lethal_dose#LD50" title="Lethal dose">median dose</a>)</div> </td> <td>3 mg/kg (oral, monkey)<br />16 mg/kg (oral, guinea pig)<br />10 mg/kg (oral, hamster)<br />3 mg/kg (oral, rat)<br />7 mg/kg (oral, rabbit)<br />1.4 mg/kg (oral, mouse)<sup id="cite_ref-IDLH_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDLH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">LD<sub>Lo</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Lethal_dose#LDLo" title="Lethal dose">lowest published</a>)</div> </td> <td>5 mg/kg (cat, oral)<sup id="cite_ref-IDLH_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDLH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health"><b>NIOSH</b></a> (US health exposure limits): </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Permissible_exposure_limit" title="Permissible exposure limit">PEL</a> (Permissible)</div> </td> <td>TWA 0.1 mg/m<sup>3</sup> [skin]<sup id="cite_ref-niosh_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-niosh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Recommended_exposure_limit" title="Recommended exposure limit">REL</a> (Recommended)</div> </td> <td>TWA 0.1 mg/m<sup>3</sup> [skin]<sup id="cite_ref-niosh_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-niosh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/IDLH" class="mw-redirect" title="IDLH">IDLH</a> (Immediate danger)</div> </td> <td>2 mg/m<sup>3</sup><sup id="cite_ref-niosh_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-niosh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; color:inherit; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"><div style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/12px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/24px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=443833173&page2=Endrin">verify</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">what is</a> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup> ?) </div></div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <p><b>Endrin</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Organochlorine_chemistry" title="Organochlorine chemistry">organochlorine compound</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">chemical formula</a> C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>8</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub>O that was first produced in 1950 by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Dutch Shell">Shell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Velsicol_Chemical_Corporation" title="Velsicol Chemical Corporation">Velsicol Chemical Corporation</a>. It was primarily used as an <a href="/wiki/Insecticide" title="Insecticide">insecticide</a>, as well as a <a href="/wiki/Rodenticide" title="Rodenticide">rodenticide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piscicide" title="Piscicide">piscicide</a>. It is a colourless, odorless solid, although commercial samples are often off-white. Endrin was manufactured as an emulsifiable solution known commercially as Endrex.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The compound became infamous as a <a href="/wiki/Persistent_organic_pollutant" title="Persistent organic pollutant">persistent organic pollutant</a> and for this reason it is banned in many countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the environment endrin exists as either endrin aldehyde or endrin ketone and can be found mainly in bottom sediments of bodies of water.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exposure to endrin can occur by inhalation, ingestion of substances containing the compound, or skin contact.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon entering the body, it can be stored in body fats and can act as a <a href="/wiki/Neurotoxin" title="Neurotoxin">neurotoxin</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a>, which can cause convulsions, seizures, or even death.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although endrin is not currently classified as a <a href="/wiki/Mutagen" title="Mutagen">mutagen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nor as a human <a href="/wiki/Carcinogen" title="Carcinogen">carcinogen</a>, it is still a toxic chemical in other ways with detrimental effects.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to these toxic effects, the manufacturers cancelled all use of endrin in the United States by 1991. Food import concerns have been raised because some countries may have still been using endrin as a pesticide.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endrin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>J. Hyman & Company first developed endrin in 1950. <a href="/wiki/Shell_Chemicals" title="Shell Chemicals">Shell International</a> was licensed in the United States and in the Netherlands to produce it. <a href="/wiki/Velsicol_Chemical_Corporation" title="Velsicol Chemical Corporation">Velsicol</a> was the other producer in the Netherlands. Endrin was used globally until the early 1970s. Due to its toxicity, it was banned or severely restricted in many countries. In 1982, Shell discontinued its manufacturing.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1962, an estimated 2.3-4.5 million kilograms of endrin were sold by Shell in the USA. In 1970, Japan imported 72,000 kilograms of endrin. From 1963 until 1972, Bali used 171 to 10,700 kilograms of endrin annually for the production of <a href="/wiki/Rice_paddies" class="mw-redirect" title="Rice paddies">rice paddies</a> until endrin use was discontinued in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taiwan reported to show higher levels of <a href="/wiki/Organochlorine_pesticides" class="mw-redirect" title="Organochlorine pesticides">organochlorine pesticides</a> including endrin in soil samples of paddy fields, compared to other Asian countries such as Thailand and Vietnam. During the 1950s-1970s over two million kilograms of organochlorine pesticides were estimated of having been be released into the environment per year. Endrin was banned in the United States on October 10, 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taiwan banned endrin's use as a pesticide in 1971 and regulated it as a toxic chemical in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-Taiwan_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taiwan-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Convention_on_Persistent_Organic_Pollutants" title="Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants">Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants</a> came into effect and listed endrin as one of the 12 initial <a href="/wiki/Persistent_organic_pollutants" class="mw-redirect" title="Persistent organic pollutants">persistent organic pollutants</a> (POPs) that have been causing adverse effects on humans and the environment. The convention requires the participating parties to take measures to eliminate or restrict the production of POPs.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endrin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The synthesis of endrin begins with the condensation of <a href="/wiki/Hexachlorocyclopentadiene" title="Hexachlorocyclopentadiene">hexachlorocyclopentadiene</a> with <a href="/wiki/Vinyl_chloride" title="Vinyl chloride">vinyl chloride</a>. The product is then <a href="/wiki/Dehydrochlorination" class="mw-redirect" title="Dehydrochlorination">dehydrochlorinated</a>. Following reaction with <a href="/wiki/Cyclopentadiene" title="Cyclopentadiene">cyclopentadiene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isodrin" title="Isodrin">isodrin</a> is formed. <a href="/wiki/Epoxide#Synthesis" title="Epoxide">Epoxide</a> formation by adding either <a href="/wiki/Peracetic_acid" title="Peracetic acid">peracetic acid</a> or <a href="/wiki/Perbenzoic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Perbenzoic acid">perbenzoic acid</a> to the isodrin is the final step in synthesizing endrin.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Endrin is a <a href="/wiki/Stereoisomer" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereoisomer">stereoisomer</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dieldrin" title="Dieldrin">dieldrin</a><sup id="cite_ref-:7_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with comparable properties, though endrin degrades more easily.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endrin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Endrin was formulated as emulsifiable concentrates (ECs), <a href="/wiki/Wettable_powder" title="Wettable powder">wettable powders (WPs)</a>, granules, field strength dusts (FSDs), and pastes. The product could then be <a href="/wiki/Aerial_application" title="Aerial application">applied by aircraft</a> or by handheld sprayers in its various formulations.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Endrin has been used primarily as an agricultural <a href="/wiki/Insecticide" title="Insecticide">insecticide</a> on tobacco, apple trees, cotton, sugar cane, rice, cereal, and grains.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is effective against a variety of species, including <a href="/wiki/Cotton_bollworm_(American)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotton bollworm (American)">cotton bollworms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corn_borer" class="mw-redirect" title="Corn borer">corn borers</a>, cut worms and <a href="/wiki/Grasshopper" title="Grasshopper">grass hoppers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, endrin has been employed as a rodenticide and <a href="/wiki/Avicide" title="Avicide">avicide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Malaysia, fish farms used a solution of endrin as a <a href="/wiki/Piscicide" title="Piscicide">piscicide</a> to rid mine pools and fish ponds of all fish prior to restocking.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study conducted from 1981 to 1983 in the US aimed to determine endrin's effects on non-target organisms when applied as a <a href="/wiki/Rodenticide" title="Rodenticide">rodenticide</a> in orchards. Most wildlife in and around the orchard was found to have endrin exposure, with endrin toxicity accounting for more than 24% of bird deaths recorded.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endrin was eventually banned in the US on October 10, 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_effects">Health effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endrin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Health effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exposure_and_metabolism">Exposure and metabolism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endrin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Exposure and metabolism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Exposure to endrin can occur by inhalation, ingestion of substances containing the compound, or by skin contact. In addition to inhalation and skin contact, infants can be exposed by ingesting the <a href="/wiki/Breast_milk" title="Breast milk">breast milk</a> of an exposed woman. <i><a href="/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">In utero</a></i>, fetuses are exposed by way of the <a href="/wiki/Placenta" title="Placenta">placenta</a> if the mother has been exposed.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon entering the body, endrin metabolizes into <i>anti</i>-12-hydroxyendrin and other metabolites, which can be expelled in the urine and feces. Both <i>anti</i>-12-hydroxyendrin and its metabolite, 12-ketoendrin, are likely responsible for the toxicity of endrin.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rapid metabolism of endrin into these metabolites makes detection of endrin itself difficult unless exposure is very high.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neurological_effects">Neurological effects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endrin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Neurological effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Symptoms of endrin poisoning include headache, dizziness, nervousness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and convulsions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acute endrin poisoning in humans affects primarily the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a>. There, it can act as a <a href="/wiki/Neurotoxin" title="Neurotoxin">neurotoxin</a> that blocks the activity of inhibitory <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter" title="Neurotransmitter">neurotransmitters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In cases of acute exposure, this may result in seizures, or even death. Because endrin can be stored in body fats, acute endrin poisoning can lead to recurrent seizures when <a href="/wiki/Stressor" title="Stressor">stressors</a> induce the release of endrin back into the body, even months after the initial exposure is terminated.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>People occupationally exposed to endrin may experience abnormal <a href="/wiki/Electroencephalography" title="Electroencephalography">EEG</a> readings even if they exhibit none of the clinical symptoms, possibly due to injury to the <a href="/wiki/Brainstem" title="Brainstem">brain stem</a>. These readings show <a href="/wiki/Bilateral_symmetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilateral symmetry">bilateral</a> synchronous <a href="/wiki/Theta_rhythm" class="mw-redirect" title="Theta rhythm">theta waves</a> with synchronous <a href="/wiki/Spike-and-wave" title="Spike-and-wave">spike-and-wave</a> complexes. EEG readings can take up to one month to return to normal.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Developmental_effects">Developmental effects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endrin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Developmental effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though endrin exposure has not been found to adversely affect <a href="/wiki/Fertility" title="Fertility">fertility</a> in mammals, an increase in fetal mortality has been observed in mice, rats, and mallard ducks. In those animals that have survived gestation, developmental abnormalities have been observed, particularly in rodents whose mothers were exposed to endrin early in pregnancy. In hamsters, the number of cases of fused ribs, <a href="/wiki/Cleft_lip_and_palate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleft lip and palate">cleft palate</a>, open eyes, webbed feet, and <a href="/wiki/Encephalocele" title="Encephalocele">meningoencephaloceles</a> have increased. Along with open eyes and cleft palate, mice have developed with fused ribs and <a href="/wiki/Exencephaly" title="Exencephaly">exencephaly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skeletal abnormalities in rodents have also been reported.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><big><b>Effects on animals</b></big> </p><p>Animals that ate or breathed high levels of Endrin had very similar effects to those seen in humans, with the nervous system being the same target in both animals and humans. When Endrin attacks the nervous system in typically causes convulsions in the animals. Endrin exposure also lead liver damage in all the animals studied. Endrin is highly toxic for all animal species however, fish and other aquatic organisms seemed to be effected the most.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_effects">Other effects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endrin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Higher doses of endrin have been found to cause the following in rodents: <a href="/wiki/Acute_tubular_necrosis" title="Acute tubular necrosis">renal tubular necrosis</a>; inflammation of the liver, <a href="/wiki/Fatty_liver" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatty liver">fatty liver</a>, and liver <a href="/wiki/Necrosis" title="Necrosis">necrosis</a>; possible kidney degradation;<sup id="cite_ref-:7_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a decrease in body weight and body weight gain.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Endrin is very toxic to aquatic organisms, namely <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a>, aquatic <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrates</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Phytoplankton" title="Phytoplankton">phytoplankton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-epa1980_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epa1980-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was found to <a href="/wiki/Bioaccumulation" title="Bioaccumulation">remain in the tissues</a> of infected fish for up to one month.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monitoring_Methods_Used_by_OSHA">Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endrin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Analyte code (IMIS no.): 1017 </p><p>Sampler/Sampling media: 0.8 μm Cellulose ester membrane + Chromosorb 102, (100/50 mg) [SKC 225-5 & SKC 226-107] </p><p>Sampling volume (TWA)*: 12-400 L </p><p>Sampling flow rate (TWA)*: 0.5-1 L/min </p><p>Analytical method instruments: GC-ECD<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1984_poisoning_outbreak_in_Pakistan">1984 poisoning outbreak in Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endrin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1984 poisoning outbreak in Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From July 14 to September 26, 1984, an outbreak of endrin poisoning occurred in 21 villages in and around <a href="/wiki/Talagang" title="Talagang">Talagang</a>, a subdistrict of the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab Province, Pakistan">Punjab province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. Eighty percent of the 194 known cases were children under the age of 15. Poisoned individuals had <a href="/wiki/Seizures" class="mw-redirect" title="Seizures">seizures</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Vomiting" title="Vomiting">vomiting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_congestion" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonary congestion">pulmonary congestion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hypoxemic_hypoxia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypoxemic hypoxia">hypoxia</a>, leaving 19 people dead. Some individuals had low grade <a href="/wiki/Fevers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fevers">fevers</a> (37.8 °C/100 °F, <a href="/wiki/Human_body_temperature#Measurement_methods" title="Human body temperature">axillary</a>) following seizures. The more seriously affected had less vomiting, but higher temperatures than people who were less affected. Most patients could be controlled in under two hours using <a href="/wiki/Diazepam" title="Diazepam">diazepam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phenobarbital" title="Phenobarbital">phenobarbital</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Atropine" title="Atropine">atropine</a>, though the more seriously affected patients required <a href="/wiki/General_anaesthesia" title="General anaesthesia">general anesthesia</a>. Recovery took up to two days. Following treatment, patients reported not remembering their seizures. The outbreak affected both men and women equally.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on the demographics of the affected individuals and their area of residence, the outbreak was likely caused by endrin contamination of food.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As members of these villages rarely had contact with one another, investigators determined that contaminated sugar shipped to the villages was the most probable cause, though no credible evidence was found to support this. Around this time, endrin was being used by cotton and sugar cane farmers in the Punjab region. A number of truck drivers stated that they had used the same trucks to deliver endrin to farmers and to pick up crops for Talagang, possibly leading to contamination.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_behavior">Environmental behavior</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endrin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Environmental behavior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Insecticides like dieldrin and endrin have been shown to persist for decades in the environment.<sup id="cite_ref-Bioremediation_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bioremediation-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A definitive detection of the residues was not possible until 1971 when <a href="/wiki/Mass_spectrometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass spectrometer">mass spectrometer</a> started being used as a detector in <a href="/wiki/Gas_chromatography" title="Gas chromatography">gas chromatography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chlorinated_Psticides_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chlorinated_Psticides-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Detection of these chemicals in the environment has been reported across the world up to 2005,<sup id="cite_ref-Bioremediation_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bioremediation-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even though the frequency of reported cases are low due to its relatively small-scale use and very low concentrations.<sup id="cite_ref-Chlorinated_Psticides_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chlorinated_Psticides-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Endrin regularly enters the environment when applied to crops or when rain washes it off. It has been found in water, sediments, atmospheric air and biotic environment, even after uses have been stopped.<sup id="cite_ref-Bioaccumulation_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bioaccumulation-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Organochlorine_pesticides" class="mw-redirect" title="Organochlorine pesticides">Organochlorine pesticides</a> strongly resist degradation, are poorly soluble in water but highly soluble in lipids, which is called <a href="/wiki/Lipophilic" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipophilic">lipophilic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chlorinated_Psticides_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chlorinated_Psticides-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This leads to <a href="/wiki/Bioaccumulation" title="Bioaccumulation">bioaccumulation</a> in fatty tissues of organisms, mainly those dwelling in water. A high <a href="/wiki/Bioconcentration_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioconcentration factor">bioconcentration factor</a> of 1335–10,000 has been reported in fish.<sup id="cite_ref-Factsheet_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Factsheet-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endrin binds very strongly to <a href="/wiki/Organic_matter" title="Organic matter">organic matter</a> in soil and aquatic sediments due to their high <a href="/wiki/Adsorption" title="Adsorption">adsorption</a> coefficient,<sup id="cite_ref-Chlorinated_Psticides_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chlorinated_Psticides-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it less likely to leach into groundwater, even though contaminated groundwater samples have been found. In 2009, <a href="/wiki/EPA" class="mw-redirect" title="EPA">EPA</a> released data indicating that the endrin in soil could last up to 14 years or more.<sup id="cite_ref-Factsheet_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Factsheet-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The extent of endrin's persistence depends highly on local conditions. For example, high temperature (230 °C) or intense sunlight leads to more rapid breakdown of endrin into endrin ketone and endrin aldehyde, however, this breakdown is less than 5%.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Removal_from_the_environment">Removal from the environment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endrin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Removal from the environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, endrin was mainly disposed in land until U.S. federal regulations were applied in 1987 on land disposal of wastes containing endrin.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Primary methods of endrin disappearance from soil are <a href="/wiki/Volatilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Volatilization">volatilization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Photodecomposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Photodecomposition">photodecomposition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IPCS_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPCS-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet light">ultraviolet light</a>, endrin forms δ-ketoendrin and <a href="/wiki/International_Programme_on_Chemical_Safety" title="International Programme on Chemical Safety">International Programme on Chemical Safety</a> (IPCS) claims that in intense summer sun, about 50% of endrin is isomerized to δ-ketoendrin in 7 days.<sup id="cite_ref-IPCS_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPCS-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Hypoxia_(environmental)" title="Hypoxia (environmental)">anaerobic</a> conditions microbial degradation by fungi and bacteria takes place to form the same major end product.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mammalian metabolic studies with endrin are difficult because of the high toxicity of the compound. Baldwin M K identified two hydroxylated metabolites in the faeces of rats fed a diet containing 4 parts per million of endrin.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least one was the result of hydroxylation of the methylene bridge. The other might be the opposite isomer, or it could conceivably be the result of hydroxylation at another site. Endrin rarely occurs as a resdue in tissues. What is found is the ketone, probably produced by metabolism of the alcohol derived from the methylene group. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hazardous_Substances_Data_Bank" title="Hazardous Substances Data Bank">Hazardous Substances Data Bank</a> (HSDB) lists <a href="/wiki/Reductive_dechlorination" title="Reductive dechlorination">reductive dechlorination</a> and <a href="/wiki/Incineration" title="Incineration">incineration</a> for field disposal of small quantities of endrin. In reductive dechlorination, endrin's <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a> atoms were completely replaced with <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> atoms, which is suspected to be more environmentally acceptable.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though endrin binds very strongly to soil, <a href="/wiki/Phytoremediation" title="Phytoremediation">phytoremediation</a> has been proposed by group of Japanese scientists using crops in the family <a href="/wiki/Cucurbitaceae" title="Cucurbitaceae">Cucurbitaceae</a>. As of 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endrin&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, exact mechanisms behind the plant uptake of endrin have not been understood. Research in uptake mechanisms and factors that influence the uptake is needed for practical application.<sup id="cite_ref-Bioremediation_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bioremediation-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulation">Regulation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endrin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Regulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endrin&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, endrin has been regulated by the <a href="/wiki/EPA" class="mw-redirect" title="EPA">EPA</a>. It set a freshwater acute criterion of 0.086 μg/L and a chronic criterion of 0.036 μg/L. In saltwater, the numbers are acute 0.037 and chronic 0.0023 μg/L.<sup id="cite_ref-epa1980_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epa1980-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The human health contaminate criterion for water plus organism is 0.059 μg/L.<sup id="cite_ref-epa2003_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epa2003-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The drinking water limit (<a href="/wiki/Maximum_Contaminant_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximum Contaminant Level">maximum contaminant level</a>) is set to 2 ppb.<sup id="cite_ref-epa2009_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epa2009-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Use of endrin in <a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">fisheries</a> has been advised against due to the zero tolerance of endrin levels in food products.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For occupational exposures to endrin, <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">OSHA</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">NIOSH</a> have set <a href="/wiki/Recommended_exposure_limit" title="Recommended exposure limit">exposure limits</a> at 0.1 mg/m<sup>3</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-niosh_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-niosh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_organizations">International organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endrin&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: International organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a> lists Endrin as an obsolete pesticide in its 'Classification of Pesticides by Hazard' and did not assign any hazard class per the <a href="/wiki/Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals">Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taiwan">Taiwan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endrin&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Taiwan is not a party to the <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockholm Convention">Stockholm Convention</a> as of 2015, but has drafted its own "National Implementation Plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants" which was approved by the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Executive Yuan</a> in April 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-Taiwan_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taiwan-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Central Competent Authorities of Taiwan sets the limit of 20 mg/kg for soil pollution control. For marine environment quality, standards of 0.002 mg/L has been set. For occupational exposures to endrin, warning has been given that the contact with skin, eyes, and mucous membranes can contribute to the overall exposure.<sup id="cite_ref-Taiwan_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taiwan-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endrin&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldrin" title="Aldrin">Aldrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieldrin" title="Dieldrin">Dieldrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocrine_disruptors" class="mw-redirect" title="Endocrine disruptors">Endocrine disruptors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesticide_formulation" title="Pesticide formulation">Pesticide formulation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endrin&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CES-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CES_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CES_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/HC270799/HDL/ENV/enven/vol338.htm">"Endrin"</a>. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Endrin&rft.pub=Deutsche+Gesellschaft+f%C3%BCr+Technische+Zusammenarbeit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fces.iisc.ernet.in%2Fenergy%2FHC270799%2FHDL%2FENV%2Fenven%2Fvol338.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEndrin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PDS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PDS_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702023553/http://inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest1_e.htm">"Endrin (PDS)"</a>. IPCS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest1_e.htm">the original</a> on 2 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Endrin+%28PDS%29&rft.pub=IPCS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inchem.org%2Fdocuments%2Fpds%2Fpds%2Fpest1_e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEndrin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-niosh-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-niosh_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-niosh_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-niosh_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-niosh_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-niosh_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNIOSH_Pocket_Guide_to_Chemical_Hazards" class="citation web cs1">NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0252.html">"#0252"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> (NIOSH).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%230252&rft.pub=National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health+%28NIOSH%29&rft.au=NIOSH+Pocket+Guide+to+Chemical+Hazards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fniosh%2Fnpg%2Fnpgd0252.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEndrin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IDLH-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IDLH_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IDLH_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/72208.html">"Endrin"</a>. <i>Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)</i>. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 4 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Immediately+Dangerous+to+Life+or+Health+Concentrations+%28IDLH%29&rft.atitle=Endrin&rft.date=2014-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fniosh%2Fidlh%2F72208.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEndrin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFvan_Eschvan_Heemstra-Lequin1992" class="citation web cs1">van Esch, G. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Programme+on+Chemical+Safety&rft.atitle=Environmental+Health+Criteria+130%3A+Endrin&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=van+Esch&rft.aufirst=G.+T.&rft.au=van+Heemstra-Lequin%2C+E.+A.+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inchem.org%2Fdocuments%2Fehc%2Fehc%2Fehc130.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEndrin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.gov.au/protection/chemicals-management/pops">"Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)"</a>. 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WHO. 2010. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-4-154796-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-4-154796-3"><bdi>978-92-4-154796-3</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/pesticides_hazard/en/">the original</a> on July 8, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classification+of+Pesticides+by+Hazard&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=WHO&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-92-4-154796-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fipcs%2Fpublications%2Fpesticides_hazard%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEndrin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endrin&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemsub.online.fr/chemical/IDT09PTzY0NDY4Mzg0NDEzMEdD.html">Endrin</a> ChemSub Online, retrieved 9 April 2015</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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title="Insecticide">Insecticides</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Carbamate" title="Carbamate">Carbamates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldicarb" title="Aldicarb">Aldicarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminocarb" title="Aminocarb">Aminocarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendiocarb" title="Bendiocarb">Bendiocarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butocarboxim" title="Butocarboxim">Butocarboxim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbaryl" title="Carbaryl">Carbaryl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbofuran" title="Carbofuran">Carbofuran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbosulfan" title="Carbosulfan">Carbosulfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-Cumenyl_methylcarbamate" title="M-Cumenyl methylcarbamate">m-Cumenyl methylcarbamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethienocarb" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethienocarb">Ethienocarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenobucarb" title="Fenobucarb">Fenobucarb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoprocarb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isoprocarb (page does not exist)">Isoprocarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methomyl" title="Methomyl">Methomyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metolcarb" title="Metolcarb">Metolcarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxamyl" title="Oxamyl">Oxamyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promecarb" title="Promecarb">Promecarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propoxur" title="Propoxur">Propoxur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Inorganic_compound" title="Inorganic compound">Inorganic compounds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_phosphide" title="Aluminium phosphide">Aluminium phosphide</a></li> <li><a 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regulator">Insect growth regulators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzoylurea" class="mw-redirect" title="Benzoylurea">Benzoylureas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bistrifluron" title="Bistrifluron">Bistrifluron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diflubenzuron" title="Diflubenzuron">Diflubenzuron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flufenoxuron" title="Flufenoxuron">Flufenoxuron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lufenuron" title="Lufenuron">Lufenuron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noviflumuron" title="Noviflumuron">Noviflumuron</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroprene" title="Hydroprene">Hydroprene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoprene" title="Methoprene">Methoprene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyriproxyfen" title="Pyriproxyfen">Pyriproxyfen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Neonicotinoid" title="Neonicotinoid">Neonicotinoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetamiprid" title="Acetamiprid">Acetamiprid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothianidin" title="Clothianidin">Clothianidin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinotefuran" title="Dinotefuran">Dinotefuran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imidacloprid" title="Imidacloprid">Imidacloprid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imidaclothiz" title="Imidaclothiz">Imidaclothiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitenpyram" title="Nitenpyram">Nitenpyram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nithiazine" title="Nithiazine">Nithiazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paichongding" title="Paichongding">Paichongding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiacloprid" title="Thiacloprid">Thiacloprid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiamethoxam" title="Thiamethoxam">Thiamethoxam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Organochloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Organochloride">Organochlorides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldrin" title="Aldrin">Aldrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane">Beta-HCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_tetrachloride" title="Carbon tetrachloride">Carbon tetrachloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlordane" title="Chlordane">Chlordane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexachlorocyclopentadiene" title="Hexachlorocyclopentadiene">Cyclodiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1,2-Dichlorobenzene" title="1,2-Dichlorobenzene">1,2-DCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1,4-Dichlorobenzene" title="1,4-Dichlorobenzene">1,4-DCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1,1-Dichloroethane" title="1,1-Dichloroethane">1,1-DCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1,2-Dichloroethane" title="1,2-Dichloroethane">1,2-DCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane" title="Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane">DDD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene" title="Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene">DDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DFDT" title="DFDT">DFDT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicofol" title="Dicofol">Dicofol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieldrin" title="Dieldrin">Dieldrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endosulfan" title="Endosulfan">Endosulfan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Endrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heptachlor" title="Heptachlor">Heptachlor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepone" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepone">Kepone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindane" title="Lindane">Lindane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxychlor" title="Methoxychlor">Methoxychlor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirex" title="Mirex">Mirex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetradifon" title="Tetradifon">Tetradifon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxaphene" title="Toxaphene">Toxaphene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Organophosphorus_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Organophosphorus compound">Organophosphorus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acephate" title="Acephate">Acephate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azamethiphos" title="Azamethiphos">Azamethiphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azinphos-methyl" title="Azinphos-methyl">Azinphos-methyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bensulide" title="Bensulide">Bensulide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorethoxyfos" title="Chlorethoxyfos">Chlorethoxyfos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorfenvinphos" title="Chlorfenvinphos">Chlorfenvinphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorpyrifos" title="Chlorpyrifos">Chlorpyrifos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorpyrifos-methyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorpyrifos-methyl">Chlorpyrifos-methyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coumaphos" title="Coumaphos">Coumaphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeton-S-methyl" title="Demeton-S-methyl">Demeton-S-methyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diazinon" title="Diazinon">Diazinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichlorvos" title="Dichlorvos">Dichlorvos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicrotophos" title="Dicrotophos">Dicrotophos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diisopropyl_fluorophosphate" title="Diisopropyl fluorophosphate">Diisopropyl fluorophosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimefox" title="Dimefox">Dimefox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethoate" title="Dimethoate">Dimethoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioxathion" title="Dioxathion">Dioxathion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disulfoton" title="Disulfoton">Disulfoton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethion" title="Ethion">Ethion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethoprop" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethoprop">Ethoprop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenamiphos" title="Fenamiphos">Fenamiphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenitrothion" title="Fenitrothion">Fenitrothion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenthion" title="Fenthion">Fenthion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosthiazate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosthiazate (page does not exist)">Fosthiazate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoxathion" title="Isoxathion">Isoxathion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malathion" title="Malathion">Malathion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methamidophos" title="Methamidophos">Methamidophos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methidathion" title="Methidathion">Methidathion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevinphos" title="Mevinphos">Mevinphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mipafox" title="Mipafox">Mipafox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocrotophos" title="Monocrotophos">Monocrotophos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naled" title="Naled">Naled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omethoate" title="Omethoate">Omethoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxydemeton-methyl" title="Oxydemeton-methyl">Oxydemeton-methyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parathion" title="Parathion">Parathion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parathion-methyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Parathion-methyl">Parathion-methyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenthoate" title="Phenthoate">Phenthoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phorate" title="Phorate">Phorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosalone" title="Phosalone">Phosalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosmet" title="Phosmet">Phosmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoxim" title="Phoxim">Phoxim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirimiphos-methyl" title="Pirimiphos-methyl">Pirimiphos-methyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinalphos" title="Quinalphos">Quinalphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-16661" title="R-16661">R-16661</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schradan" title="Schradan">Schradan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temefos" title="Temefos">Temefos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebupirimfos" title="Tebupirimfos">Tebupirimfos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terbufos" title="Terbufos">Terbufos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrachlorvinphos" title="Tetrachlorvinphos">Tetrachlorvinphos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribufos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribufos (page does not exist)">Tribufos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrifonate" title="Metrifonate">Trichlorfon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Pyrethroid" title="Pyrethroid">Pyrethroids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrinathrin" title="Acrinathrin">Acrinathrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allethrins" title="Allethrins">Allethrins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bifenthrin" title="Bifenthrin">Bifenthrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioallethrin" title="Bioallethrin">Bioallethrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfluthrin" title="Cyfluthrin">Cyfluthrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyhalothrin" title="Cyhalothrin">Cyhalothrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypermethrin" title="Cypermethrin">Cypermethrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyphenothrin" title="Cyphenothrin">Cyphenothrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deltamethrin" title="Deltamethrin">Deltamethrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empenthrin" title="Empenthrin">Empenthrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esfenvalerate" title="Esfenvalerate">Esfenvalerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etofenprox" title="Etofenprox">Etofenprox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenpropathrin" title="Fenpropathrin">Fenpropathrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenvalerate" title="Fenvalerate">Fenvalerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumethrin" title="Flumethrin">Flumethrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluvalinate" title="Fluvalinate">Fluvalinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imiprothrin" title="Imiprothrin">Imiprothrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metofluthrin" title="Metofluthrin">Metofluthrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permethrin" title="Permethrin">Permethrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenothrin" title="Phenothrin">Phenothrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prallethrin" title="Prallethrin">Prallethrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrethrin" title="Pyrethrin">Pyrethrin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyrethrin_I" title="Pyrethrin I">I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyrethrin_II" title="Pyrethrin II">II</a>; <a href="/wiki/Chrysanthemic_acid" title="Chrysanthemic acid">chrysanthemic acid</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrethrum" title="Pyrethrum">Pyrethrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resmethrin" title="Resmethrin">Resmethrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silafluofen" title="Silafluofen">Silafluofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefluthrin" title="Tefluthrin">Tefluthrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetramethrin" title="Tetramethrin">Tetramethrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tralomethrin" title="Tralomethrin">Tralomethrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfluthrin" title="Transfluthrin">Transfluthrin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Diamide_insecticides" title="Diamide insecticides">Diamides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chlorantraniliprole" title="Chlorantraniliprole">Chlorantraniliprole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyantraniliprole" title="Cyantraniliprole">Cyantraniliprole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flubendiamide" title="Flubendiamide">Flubendiamide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;">Other chemicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afoxolaner" title="Afoxolaner">Afoxolaner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitraz" title="Amitraz">Amitraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azadirachtin" title="Azadirachtin">Azadirachtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereistoxin" title="Nereistoxin">Bensultap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buprofezin" title="Buprofezin">Buprofezin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereistoxin" title="Nereistoxin">Cartap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlordimeform" title="Chlordimeform">Chlordimeform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorfenapyr" title="Chlorfenapyr">Chlorfenapyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyromazine" title="Cyromazine">Cyromazine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenazaquin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fenazaquin (page does not exist)">Fenazaquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenoxycarb" title="Fenoxycarb">Fenoxycarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fipronil" title="Fipronil">Fipronil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluralaner" title="Fluralaner">Fluralaner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydramethylnon" title="Hydramethylnon">Hydramethylnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoxacarb" title="Indoxacarb">Indoxacarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limonene" title="Limonene">Limonene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotilaner" title="Lotilaner">Lotilaner</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lotilaner/milbemycin_oxime" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotilaner/milbemycin oxime">+milbemycin oxime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyridaben&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyridaben (page does not exist)">Pyridaben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyriprole" title="Pyriprole">Pyriprole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarolaner" title="Sarolaner">Sarolaner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjuvants" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjuvants">Adjuvants</a> (<a href="/wiki/Piperonyl_butoxide" title="Piperonyl butoxide">Piperonyl butoxide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sesamex" title="Sesamex">Sesamex</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinosad" title="Spinosad">Spinosad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfluramid" title="Sulfluramid">Sulfluramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebufenozide" title="Tebufenozide">Tebufenozide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebufenpyrad" title="Tebufenpyrad">Tebufenpyrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veracevine" title="Veracevine">Veracevine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanthone" title="Xanthone">Xanthone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaflumizone" title="Metaflumizone">Metaflumizone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryanodine" title="Ryanodine">Ryanodine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryanodol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ryanodol (page does not exist)">Ryanodol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Metabolite" title="Metabolite">Metabolites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxon_(chemical)" title="Oxon (chemical)">Oxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaoxon" title="Malaoxon">Malaoxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraoxon" title="Paraoxon">Paraoxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCPy" title="TCPy">TCPy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Biopesticide" title="Biopesticide">Biopesticides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bacillus_thuringiensis" title="Bacillus thuringiensis">Bacillus thuringiensis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baculovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Baculovirus">Baculovirus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beauveria_bassiana" title="Beauveria bassiana">Beauveria bassiana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beauveria_brongniartii" title="Beauveria brongniartii">Beauveria brongniartii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isaria_fumosorosea" title="Isaria fumosorosea">Isaria fumosorosea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metarhizium_acridum" title="Metarhizium acridum">Metarhizium acridum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metarhizium_anisopliae" title="Metarhizium anisopliae">Metarhizium anisopliae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nomuraea_rileyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomuraea rileyi">Nomuraea rileyi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lecanicillium_lecanii" title="Lecanicillium lecanii">Lecanicillium lecanii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paenibacillus_popilliae" class="mw-redirect" title="Paenibacillus popilliae">Paenibacillus popilliae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purpureocillium_lilacinum" title="Purpureocillium lilacinum">Purpureocillium lilacinum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinosad" title="Spinosad">Spinosad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pest_control:_Rodenticides205" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rodenticides" title="Template:Rodenticides"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rodenticides" title="Template talk:Rodenticides"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rodenticides" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rodenticides"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pest_control:_Rodenticides205" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pest_control" title="Pest control">Pest control</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rodenticide" title="Rodenticide">Rodenticides</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:powderblue;;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant">Anticoagulants</a> /<br /><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K_antagonist" title="Vitamin K antagonist">Vitamin K antagonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Coumarin" title="Coumarin">Coumarins</a> /<br /><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxycoumarins" title="4-Hydroxycoumarins">4-Hydroxycoumarins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warfarin" title="Warfarin">Warfarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coumatetralyl" title="Coumatetralyl">Coumatetralyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fumarin" title="Fumarin">Fumarin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">2nd generation (<a href="/wiki/Superwarfarin" title="Superwarfarin">Superwarfarins</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodifacoum" title="Brodifacoum">Brodifacoum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromadiolone" title="Bromadiolone">Bromadiolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difenacoum" title="Difenacoum">Difenacoum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difethialone" title="Difethialone">Difethialone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flocoumafen" title="Flocoumafen">Flocoumafen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/1,3-Indandione" title="1,3-Indandione">1,3-Indandiones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chlorophacinone" title="Chlorophacinone">Chlorophacinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindone" title="Pindone">Pindone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphacinone" class="mw-redirect" title="Diphacinone">Diphacinone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:powderblue;"><a href="/wiki/Convulsant" title="Convulsant">Convulsants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimidine" title="Crimidine">Crimidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylsilatrane" title="Phenylsilatrane">Phenylsilatrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strychnine" title="Strychnine">Strychnine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine" title="Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine">Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorophenylsilatrane" title="Chlorophenylsilatrane">Chlorophenylsilatrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RDX" title="RDX">RDX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:powderblue;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">Calciferols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cholecalciferol" title="Cholecalciferol">Cholecalciferol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergocalciferol" title="Ergocalciferol">Ergocalciferol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:powderblue;"><a href="/wiki/Inorganic_compound" title="Inorganic compound">Inorganic compounds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_phosphide" title="Aluminium phosphide">Aluminium phosphide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">Arsenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barium_carbonate" title="Barium carbonate">Barium carbonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_phosphide" title="Calcium phosphide">Calcium phosphide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanide" title="Cyanide">Cyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_sulfate" title="Thallium(I) sulfate">Thallium sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_phosphide" title="Zinc phosphide">Zinc phosphide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:powderblue;"><a href="/wiki/Organochlorine" class="mw-redirect" title="Organochlorine">Organochlorine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chloralose" title="Chloralose">Chloralose</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Endrin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:powderblue;"><a href="/wiki/Organophosphorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Organophosphorus">Organophosphorus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phosacetim" title="Phosacetim">Phosacetim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:powderblue;"><a href="/wiki/Carbamate" title="Carbamate">Carbamates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldicarb" title="Aldicarb">Aldicarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-1152" title="T-1152">T-1152</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:powderblue;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Naphthylthiourea" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Naphthylthiourea">α-Naphthylthiourea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromethalin" title="Bromethalin">Bromethalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoroacetamide" title="Fluoroacetamide">Fluoroacetamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flupropadine" title="Flupropadine">Flupropadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1,3-Difluoro-2-propanol" title="1,3-Difluoro-2-propanol">1,3-Difluoro-2-propanol (Gliftor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbormide" title="Norbormide">Norbormide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrinuron" title="Pyrinuron">Pyrinuron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scilliroside" title="Scilliroside">Scilliroside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_fluoroacetate" title="Sodium fluoroacetate">Sodium fluoroacetate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endrin&oldid=1272605128">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endrin&oldid=1272605128</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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