最古老轮子是干这事的—论文

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font: 12px 宋体; float: right"> 选择字号：<span onclick="showsize(12)" style="background-color: #587c19; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; cursor: pointer">小</span> <span onclick="showsize(14)" style="background-color: #587c19; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; cursor: pointer">中</span> <span onclick="showsize(16)" style="background-color: #587c19; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; cursor: pointer"> 大</span> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div id="content1" style="width: 94%; font: 14px 宋体; text-align: left; line-height: 24px; word-wrap: break-word"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td height="20"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="style1" style="font-size: 13px; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 20px"> <b></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" class="style1" style="font-size: 22px; color: #587c19; font-family: 黑体; line-height: 30px"> 最古老轮子是干这事的</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="style1" style="font-size: 13px; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 20px;"> <b></b></td> </tr> </table> <p>  </p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 在以色列北部出土的一组1.2万年前的穿孔鹅卵石可能是已知最古老的手工纺轮，这种纺织技术或许最终激发了人类发明轮子的灵感。相关论文11月13日发表于《公共科学图书馆-综合》。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 论文通讯作者、以色列希伯来大学的Talia Yashuv说，新发现的石制工具代表了人类早期基于轴的旋转技术，比第一辆手推车早数千年。“当你回溯6000年前第一个车轮时，会发现它并不是凭空出现的。研究交通工具和轮子的功能演变很重要。”</p> <div class="ueditorOption ueditorOptionModel" contenteditable="true" id="0" style="text-align: center;"> <img data-mce-="" data-wenge-id="136919" id="img-null" opaid="wenge-oqxgt9h915g0/" size="166455" src="https://rmtzx.sciencenet.cn//kxwsprint/673aecd1e4b03b5da6d1acb2.png" wosname="673aecd1e4b03b5da6d1acb2.png" /> <p> <strong>1.2<span style="font-family:宋体">万年前的穿孔鹅卵石。图片来源：</span>Laurent Davin</strong></p> </div> <p class="timeLine_wg" style="height:20px;"> <span style="display:none"><span contenteditable="false" style="height: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; display: block; z-index: 9999; rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 0px; line-height: 0px; position: absolute; border-top: 1px dashed rgb(181, 189, 202); user-select: none; left: 0px; right: 0px; top: 8px;"><span class="timeIdentification" style="width:0px;height:0px;padding:0px;margin:0px;display:block;z-index:9999;#fff;position:absolute;font-size: 0px;line-height:0px;border-transparent;display:block;border-style:solid;right:0px;border-right-#B5BDCA;border-width:8px 8px 8px 0;top:-8px"> </span><span style="width:0px;height:0px;padding:0px;margin:0px;display:block;z-index:9999;#fff;position:absolute;font-size: 0px;line-height:0px;border-transparent;display:block;border-style:solid;left:0px;border-left-#B5BDCA;border-width:8px 0 8px 8px;top:-8px"> </span><span class="hide_time_wg" contenteditable="false" onclick="timeLine(this)" style="width:0px;height:0px;padding:0px;margin:0px;display:block;z-index:9999;#fff;position:absolute;font-size: 22px;line-height:17px;height:17px;text-align: center;width:17px;right:17px;background:#B5BDCA;cursor:pointer;top:-8px; border-radius: 2px;" title="在这插入段落">?</span></span></span></p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> Yashuv和希伯来大学的Leore Grosman研究了从Nahal Ein Gev II遗址出土的113块部分或完全穿孔的石头，这是一个位于加利利海以东的古村落。自1972年以来，考古学家一直在发掘这些主要成分是石灰岩的文物，它们可能是由附近海岸的生鹅卵石制成的。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 三维扫描显示，鹅卵石上的孔是用燧石手钻从两侧钻到一半的。与现代钻头不同的是，它留下了一个狭窄而扭曲的锥形形状。这些孔的直径为3到4厘米，通常穿过鹅卵石的重心。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> “从两侧钻孔有助于平衡石头，使其旋转更稳定。一些部分穿孔的石头有偏离中心的孔，这表明它们可能是错误的，就被丢弃了。”Yashuv说。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 研究人员一开始觉得，这些平均重9克的石头太丑了——不可能是装饰的珠子，也太轻、太脆弱了——不可能用作捕鱼砝码。它们的大小、形状和孔周围的平衡使研究人员确信这些石制工具是纺轮。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 为了验证假设，研究人员用遗址附近的鹅卵石和燧石制作了复制品。然后，他们请传统手工艺人Yonit Kristal试着纺亚麻。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> Yashuv说：“真的很惊讶它们能运转起来，因为它们并不是完美的圆形。但实际上，只需要将孔定位在物品的中心，就能平衡并运转了。”</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> Yashuv表示，如果这些穿孔鹅卵石真的是轮子，那它们就是最古老的纺轮。这一发现表明，在大约5500年前发明制陶轮和推车轮之前，人们早已试验旋转技术几千年了，而纺轮可能有助于这些发明。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 然而，法国蔚蓝海岸大学的Carole Cheval却认为，这些穿孔鹅卵石更像陀螺，而不是轮子。“这项研究缺乏揭示使用痕迹的微观数据，因为随着时间的推移，纱线会在石头上留下痕迹。”Yashuv回应称，痕量分析“超出了当前研究的范围”。（来源：中国科学报王方）</p> <p class="lastPadding" style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 相关论文信息：<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0312007" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0312007</a></p> <div style="border-bottom: solid 1px #bfc89d; vertical-align: bottom; width: 100%; height: 20px"> </div> <div style="width: 100%; height: 20px; text-align: center; margin:10px">  <script src="/html/js/share.js" type="text/javascript"></script>  </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="line-height: 10px; height: 10px; clear: both;">  </div> <div style=" vertical-align: bottom; 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