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charge estimation</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: state of charge estimation"> <meta name="keywords" content="state of charge estimation"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="state of charge estimation"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 9801</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: state of charge estimation</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9621</span> An Improved Data Aided Channel Estimation Technique Using Genetic Algorithm for Massive Multi-Input Multiple-Output</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kislu%20Noman">M. Kislu Noman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Mohammed%20Shamsul%20Islam"> Syed Mohammed Shamsul Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahriar%20Hassan"> Shahriar Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raihana%20Pervin"> Raihana Pervin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the increasing rate of wireless devices and high bandwidth operations, wireless networking and communications are becoming over crowded. To cope with such crowdy and messy situation, massive MIMO is designed to work with hundreds of low costs serving antennas at a time as well as improve the spectral efficiency at the same time. TDD has been used for gaining beamforming which is a major part of massive MIMO, to gain its best improvement to transmit and receive pilot sequences. All the benefits are only possible if the channel state information or channel estimation is gained properly. The common methods to estimate channel matrix used so far is LS, MMSE and a linear version of MMSE also proposed in many research works. We have optimized these methods using genetic algorithm to minimize the mean squared error and finding the best channel matrix from existing algorithms with less computational complexity. Our simulation result has shown that the use of GA worked beautifully on existing algorithms in a Rayleigh slow fading channel and existence of Additive White Gaussian Noise. We found that the GA optimized LS is better than existing algorithms as GA provides optimal result in some few iterations in terms of MSE with respect to SNR and computational complexity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20estimation" title="channel estimation">channel estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LMMSE" title=" LMMSE"> LMMSE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LS" title=" LS"> LS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIMO" title=" MIMO"> MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MMSE" title=" MMSE"> MMSE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103496/an-improved-data-aided-channel-estimation-technique-using-genetic-algorithm-for-massive-multi-input-multiple-output" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9620</span> Computationally Efficient Electrochemical-Thermal Li-Ion Cell Model for Battery Management System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangwoo%20Han">Sangwoo Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Khaleghi%20Rahimian"> Saeed Khaleghi Rahimian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Liu"> Ying Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vehicle electrification is gaining momentum, and many car manufacturers promise to deliver more electric vehicle (EV) models to consumers in the coming years. In controlling the battery pack, the battery management system (BMS) must maintain optimal battery performance while ensuring the safety of a battery pack. Tasks related to battery performance include determining state-of-charge (SOC), state-of-power (SOP), state-of-health (SOH), cell balancing, and battery charging. Safety related functions include making sure cells operate within specified, static and dynamic voltage window and temperature range, derating power, detecting faulty cells, and warning the user if necessary. The BMS often utilizes an RC circuit model to model a Li-ion cell because of its robustness and low computation cost among other benefits. Because an equivalent circuit model such as the RC model is not a physics-based model, it can never be a prognostic model to predict battery state-of-health and avoid any safety risk even before it occurs. A physics-based Li-ion cell model, on the other hand, is more capable at the expense of computation cost. To avoid the high computation cost associated with a full-order model, many researchers have demonstrated the use of a single particle model (SPM) for BMS applications. One drawback associated with the single particle modeling approach is that it forces to use the average current density in the calculation. The SPM would be appropriate for simulating drive cycles where there is insufficient time to develop a significant current distribution within an electrode. However, under a continuous or high-pulse electrical load, the model may fail to predict cell voltage or Li⁺ plating potential. To overcome this issue, a multi-particle reduced-order model is proposed here. The use of multiple particles combined with either linear or nonlinear charge-transfer reaction kinetics enables to capture current density distribution within an electrode under any type of electrical load. To maintain computational complexity like that of an SPM, governing equations are solved sequentially to minimize iterative solving processes. Furthermore, the model is validated against a full-order model implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20management%20system" title="battery management system">battery management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physics-based%20li-ion%20cell%20model" title=" physics-based li-ion cell model"> physics-based li-ion cell model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduced-order%20model" title=" reduced-order model"> reduced-order model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-particle%20and%20multi-particle%20model" title=" single-particle and multi-particle model"> single-particle and multi-particle model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103226/computationally-efficient-electrochemical-thermal-li-ion-cell-model-for-battery-management-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103226.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9619</span> Point Estimation for the Type II Generalized Logistic Distribution Based on Progressively Censored Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Rimawi">Rana Rimawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20Baklizi"> Ayman Baklizi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Skewed distributions are important models that are frequently used in applications. Generalized distributions form a class of skewed distributions and gain widespread use in applications because of their flexibility in data analysis. More specifically, the Generalized Logistic Distribution with its different types has received considerable attention recently. In this study, based on progressively type-II censored data, we will consider point estimation in type II Generalized Logistic Distribution (Type II GLD). We will develop several estimators for its unknown parameters, including maximum likelihood estimators (MLE), Bayes estimators and linear estimators (BLUE). The estimators will be compared using simulation based on the criteria of bias and Mean square error (MSE). An illustrative example of a real data set will be given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=point%20estimation" title="point estimation">point estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%20II%20generalized%20logistic%20distribution" title=" type II generalized logistic distribution"> type II generalized logistic distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20censoring" title=" progressive censoring"> progressive censoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20likelihood%20estimation" title=" maximum likelihood estimation"> maximum likelihood estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142979/point-estimation-for-the-type-ii-generalized-logistic-distribution-based-on-progressively-censored-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9618</span> Estimation and Restoration of Ill-Posed Parameters for Underwater Motion Blurred Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Vimal%20Raj">M. Vimal Raj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sakthivel%20Murugan"> S. Sakthivel Murugan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Underwater images degrade their quality due to atmospheric conditions. One of the major problems in an underwater image is motion blur caused by the imaging device or the movement of the object. In order to rectify that in post-imaging, parameters of the blurred image are to be estimated. So, the point spread function is estimated by the properties, using the spectrum of the image. To improve the estimation accuracy of the parameters, Optimized Polynomial Lagrange Interpolation (OPLI) method is implemented after the angle and length measurement of motion-blurred images. Initially, the data were collected from real-time environments in Chennai and processed. The proposed OPLI method shows better accuracy than the existing classical Cepstral, Hough, and Radon transform estimation methods for underwater images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20restoration" title="image restoration">image restoration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motion%20blur" title=" motion blur"> motion blur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter%20estimation" title=" parameter estimation"> parameter estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon%20transform" title=" radon transform"> radon transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underwater" title=" underwater"> underwater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142445/estimation-and-restoration-of-ill-posed-parameters-for-underwater-motion-blurred-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142445.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9617</span> Introduction of PMMA-Tag to VHH for Improving Recovery and Immobilization Rate of VHHS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bongmun%20Kang">Bongmun Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kagnari%20Yamakawa"> Kagnari Yamakawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshihisa%20Hagihara"> Yoshihisa Hagihara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Ito"> Yuji Ito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michimasa%20Kishimoto"> Michimasa Kishimoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoichi%20Kumada"> Yoichi Kumada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The PMMA-tag was genetically fused with the C-terminal region of VHH molecules. This antibody, VHH, is known as a single-chain domain, which is devoid of light chains. The PMMA-tag, which could affect the isoelectric point (pI) changeable with a charge of amino acid in VHHs were closely related to the solubility of VHH molecules during refolding. The genetic fusion of PMMA-tag to C-terminal region of VHHs significantly affects the recovery of their soluble protein during refolding by 50 mM TAPS at pH 8.5. It could be refolded with a recovery of more than 95% by dialysis at pH 8.5. A marked difference in the antigen-binding activities in the adsorption state was significantly high in VHH-PM compared to the wild type of VHH. There are approximately 8-fold differences in the antigen-binding activities in the adsorption state between VHH-PM and VHH. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VHH" title="VHH">VHH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMMA-tag" title=" PMMA-tag"> PMMA-tag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isoelectric%20point" title=" isoelectric point"> isoelectric point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH" title=" pH"> pH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solubility" title=" Solubility"> Solubility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refolding" title=" refolding"> refolding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilization" title=" immobilization"> immobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ELISA" title=" ELISA"> ELISA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19089/introduction-of-pmma-tag-to-vhh-for-improving-recovery-and-immobilization-rate-of-vhhs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19089.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9616</span> Blast Load Resistance of Bridge Columns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Kavousifard">Amir Kavousifard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lan%20Lin"> Lan Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of the detailing in the seismic design of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns on the blast load resistance. A generic two-span continuous RC bridge located in Victoria, British Columbia, which represents the highest seismicity in Canada, was examined in the study. The bridge superstructure consists of a single cell box girder while the substructure consists of two circular columns. The bridge was designed according to the 2006 Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code. More specifically, response spectrum analysis was performed to determine the seismic demands using CSI Bridge. The 3D blast load analysis is carried out in the platform of LS-DYNA. Two charge heights, i.e., one at the mid-height of the column and the other at the bottom of the column, are considered. For each height, three cases are analyzed in order to investigate the effects of standoff and charge weight on the structural response. The blast load resistance of the column is assessed in terms of the concrete failure mechanism, steel stress distribution, and column lateral displacement. The results from the study indicate that a column designed in accordance with the code requirements could survive during the blast attack. Spiral columns perform much better than tied columns. The results also show that the charge weight has more impact on the structural response than the standoff. These results are beneficial for the development of the Canadian standards for the design of bridges under blast loads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blast" title="blast">blast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge" title=" bridge"> bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge" title=" charge"> charge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=height" title=" height"> height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic" title=" seismic"> seismic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standoff" title=" standoff"> standoff</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190131/blast-load-resistance-of-bridge-columns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">19</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9615</span> Analytical Similarity Assessment of Bevacizumab Biosimilar Candidate MB02 Using Multiple State-of-the-Art Assays</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marie-Elise%20Beydon">Marie-Elise Beydon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Sacristan"> Daniel Sacristan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Ruppen"> Isabel Ruppen </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> MB02 (Alymsys®) is a candidate biosimilar to bevacizumab, which was developed against the reference product (RP) Avastin® sourced from both the European Union (EU) and United States (US). MB02 has been extensively characterized comparatively to Avastin® at a physicochemical and biological level using sensitive orthogonal state-of-the-art analytical methods. MB02 has been demonstrated similar to the RP with regard to its primary and higher-order structure, post- and co-translational profiles such as glycosylation, charge, and size variants. Specific focus has been put on the characterization of Fab-related activities, such as binding to VEGF A 165, which directly reflect the bevacizumab mechanism of action. Fc-related functionality was also investigated, including binding to FcRn, which is indicative of antibodies' half-life. The data generated during the analytical similarity assessment demonstrate the high analytical similarity of MB02 to its RP. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20similarity" title="analytical similarity">analytical similarity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bevacizumab" title=" bevacizumab"> bevacizumab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosimilar" title=" biosimilar"> biosimilar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MB02" title=" MB02"> MB02</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132954/analytical-similarity-assessment-of-bevacizumab-biosimilar-candidate-mb02-using-multiple-state-of-the-art-assays" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132954.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9614</span> On Parameter Estimation of Simultaneous Linear Functional Relationship Model for Circular Variables</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20A.%20Mokhtar">N. A. Mokhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20G.%20Hussin"> A. G. Hussin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Z.%20Zubairi"> Y. Z. Zubairi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a new simultaneous simple linear functional relationship model by assuming equal error variances. We derive the maximum likelihood estimate of the parameters in the simultaneous model and the covariance. We show by simulation study the small bias values of the parameters suggest the suitability of the estimation method. As an illustration, the proposed simultaneous model is applied to real data of the wind direction and wave direction measured by two different instruments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simultaneous%20linear%20functional%20relationship%20model" title="simultaneous linear functional relationship model">simultaneous linear functional relationship model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fisher%20information%20matrix" title="Fisher information matrix">Fisher information matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter%20estimation" title=" parameter estimation"> parameter estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20variables" title=" circular variables"> circular variables</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44385/on-parameter-estimation-of-simultaneous-linear-functional-relationship-model-for-circular-variables" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9613</span> The Charge Exchange and Mixture Formation Model in the ASz-62IR Radial Aircraft Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pawel%20Magryta">Pawel Magryta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tytus%20Tulwin"> Tytus Tulwin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pawe%C5%82%20Karpi%C5%84ski"> Paweł Karpiński</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ASz62IR engine is a radial aircraft engine with 9 cylinders. This object is produced by the Polish company WSK "PZL-KALISZ" S.A. This is engine is currently being developed by the above company and Lublin University of Technology. In order to provide an effective work of the technological development of this unit it was decided to made the simulation model. The model of ASz-62IR was developed with AVL BOOST software which is a tool dedicated to the one-dimensional modeling of internal combustion engines. This model can be used to calculate parameters of an air and fuel flow in an intake system including charging devices as well as combustion and exhaust flow to the environment. The main purpose of this model is the analysis of the charge exchange and mixture formation in this engine. For this purpose, the model consists of elements such: as air inlet, throttle system, compressor connector, charging compressor, inlet pipes and injectors, outlet pipes, fuel injection and model of fuel mixing and evaporation. The model of charge exchange and mixture formation was based on the model of mass flow rate in intake and exhaust pipes, and also on the calculation of gas properties values like gas constant or thermal capacity. This model was based on the equations to describe isentropic flow. The energy equation to describe flow under steady conditions was transformed into the mass flow equation. In the model the flow coefficient μσ was used, that varies with the stroke/valve opening and was determined in a steady flow state. The geometry of the inlet channels and other key components was mapped with reference to the technical documentation of the engine and empirical measurements of the structure elements. The volume of elements on the charge flow path between the air inlet and the exhaust outlet was measured by the CAD mapping of the structure. Taken from the technical documentation, the original characteristics of the compressor engine was entered into the model. Additionally, the model uses a general model for the transport of chemical compounds of the mixture. There are 7 compounds used, i.e. fuel, O2, N2, CO2, H2O, CO, H2. A gasoline fuel of a calorific value of 43.5 MJ/kg and an air mass fraction for stoichiometric mixture of 14.5 were used. Indirect injection into the intake manifold is used in this model. The model assumes the following simplifications: the mixture is homogenous at the beginning of combustion, accordingly, mixture stoichiometric coefficient A/F remains constant during combustion, combusted and non-combusted charges show identical pressures and temperatures although their compositions change. As a result of the simulation studies based on the model described above, the basic parameters of combustion process, charge exchange, mixture formation in cylinders were obtained. The AVL Boost software is very useful for the piston engine performance simulations. This work has been financed by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development, INNOLOT, under Grant Agreement No. INNOLOT/I/1/NCBR/2013. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aviation%20propulsion" title="aviation propulsion">aviation propulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AVL%20Boost" title=" AVL Boost"> AVL Boost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine%20model" title=" engine model"> engine model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20exchange" title=" charge exchange"> charge exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixture%20formation" title=" mixture formation"> mixture formation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50102/the-charge-exchange-and-mixture-formation-model-in-the-asz-62ir-radial-aircraft-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50102.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9612</span> Factors Influencing Soil Organic Carbon Storage Estimation in Agricultural Soils: A Machine Learning Approach Using Remote Sensing Data Integration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Sunantha">O. Sunantha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Zhenfeng"> S. Zhenfeng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Phattraporn"> S. Phattraporn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Zeeshan"> A. Zeeshan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The decline of soil organic carbon (SOC) in global agriculture is a critical issue requiring rapid and accurate estimation for informed policymaking. While it is recognized that SOC predictors vary significantly when derived from remote sensing data and environmental variables, identifying the specific parameters most suitable for accurately estimating SOC in diverse agricultural areas remains a challenge. This study utilizes remote sensing data to precisely estimate SOC and identify influential factors in diverse agricultural areas, such as paddy, corn, sugarcane, cassava, and perennial crops. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), random forest (RF), and support vector regression (SVR) models are employed to analyze these factors' impact on SOC estimation. The results show key factors influencing SOC estimation include slope, vegetation indices (EVI), spectral reflectance indices (red index, red edge2), temperature, land use, and surface soil moisture, as indicated by their averaged importance scores across XGBoost, RF, and SVR models. Therefore, using different machine learning algorithms for SOC estimation reveals varying influential factors from remote sensing data and environmental variables. This approach emphasizes feature selection, as different machine learning algorithms identify various key factors from remote sensing data and environmental variables for accurate SOC estimation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factors%20influencing%20SOC%20estimation" title="factors influencing SOC estimation">factors influencing SOC estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing%20data" title=" remote sensing data"> remote sensing data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20variables" title=" environmental variables"> environmental variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188382/factors-influencing-soil-organic-carbon-storage-estimation-in-agricultural-soils-a-machine-learning-approach-using-remote-sensing-data-integration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188382.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">34</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9611</span> Effect of Adjacent Footings on Elastic Settlement of Shallow Foundations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Aytekin">Mustafa Aytekin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, impact of adjacent footings is considered on the estimation of elastic settlement of shallow foundations. In the estimation of elastic settlement, the Schmertmann’s method that is a very popular method in the elastic settlement estimation of shallow foundations is employed. In order to consider affect of neighboring footings on elastic settlement of main footing in different configurations, a MATLAB script has been generated. Elastic settlements of the various configurations are estimated by the script and several conclusions have been reached. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20%28immediate%29%20settlement" title="elastic (immediate) settlement">elastic (immediate) settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schmertman%20Method" title=" Schmertman Method"> Schmertman Method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adjacent%20footings" title=" adjacent footings"> adjacent footings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shallow%20foundations" title=" shallow foundations"> shallow foundations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3005/effect-of-adjacent-footings-on-elastic-settlement-of-shallow-foundations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">467</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9610</span> Computational Characterization of Electronic Charge Transfer in Interfacial Phospholipid-Water Layers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20Baghbanbari">Samira Baghbanbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20B.%20P.%20Lever"> A. B. P. Lever</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Payam%20S.%20Shabestari"> Payam S. Shabestari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donald%20Weaver"> Donald Weaver</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Existing signal transmission models, although undoubtedly useful, have proven insufficient to explain the full complexity of information transfer within the central nervous system. The development of transformative models will necessitate a more comprehensive understanding of neuronal lipid membrane electrophysiology. Pursuant to this goal, the role of highly organized interfacial phospholipid-water layers emerges as a promising case study. A series of phospholipids in neural-glial gap junction interfaces as well as cholesterol molecules have been computationally modelled using high-performance density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Subsequent 'charge decomposition analysis' calculations have revealed a net transfer of charge from phospholipid orbitals through the organized interfacial water layer before ultimately finding its way to cholesterol acceptor molecules. The specific pathway of charge transfer from phospholipid via water layers towards cholesterol has been mapped in detail. Cholesterol is an essential membrane component that is overrepresented in neuronal membranes as compared to other mammalian cells; given this relative abundance, its apparent role as an electronic acceptor may prove to be a relevant factor in further signal transmission studies of the central nervous system. The timescales over which this electronic charge transfer occurs have also been evaluated by utilizing a system design that systematically increases the number of water molecules separating lipids and cholesterol. Memory loss through hydrogen-bonded networks in water can occur at femtosecond timescales, whereas existing action potential-based models are limited to micro or nanosecond scales. As such, the development of future models that attempt to explain faster timescale signal transmission in the central nervous system may benefit from our work, which provides additional information regarding fast timescale energy transfer mechanisms occurring through interfacial water. The study possesses a dataset that includes six distinct phospholipids and a collection of cholesterol. Ten optimized geometric characteristics (features) were employed to conduct binary classification through an artificial neural network (ANN), differentiating cholesterol from the various phospholipids. This stems from our understanding that all lipids within the first group function as electronic charge donors, while cholesterol serves as an electronic charge acceptor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20transfer" title="charge transfer">charge transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20transmission" title=" signal transmission"> signal transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phospholipids" title=" phospholipids"> phospholipids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20layers" title=" water layers"> water layers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANN" title=" ANN"> ANN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175684/computational-characterization-of-electronic-charge-transfer-in-interfacial-phospholipid-water-layers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9609</span> Analysis of the Behavior of the Structure Under Internal Anfo Explosion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung-Min%20Ko">Seung-Min Ko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung-Jai%20Choi"> Seung-Jai Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gun%20Jung"> Gun Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jang-Ho%20Jay%20Kim"> Jang-Ho Jay Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although extensive explosion-related research has been performed in the past several decades, almost no research has focused on internal blasts. However, internal blast research is needed to understand about the behavior of a containment structure or building under internal blast loading, as in the case of the Chornobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents. Therefore, the internal blast study concentrated on RC and PSC structures is performed. The test data obtained from reinforced concrete (RC) and prestressed concrete (PSC) tubular structures applied with an internal explosion using ammonium nitrate/fuel oil (ANFO) charge are used to assess their deformation resistance and ultimate failure load based on the structural stiffness change under various charge weight. For the internal blast charge weight, ANFO explosive charge weights of 15.88, 20.41, 22.68 and 24.95 kg were selected for the RC tubular structures, and 22.68, 24.95, 27.22, 29.48, and 31.75 kg were selected for PSC tubular structures, which were detonated at the center of cross section at the mid-span with a standoff distance of 1,000mm to the inner wall surface. Then, the test data were used to predict the internal charge weight required to fail a real scale reinforced concrete containment vessels (RCCV) and prestressed concrete containment vessel (PCCV). Then, the analytical results based on the experimental data were derived using the simple assumptions of the models, and another approach using the stiffness, deformation and explosion weight relationship was used to formulate a general method for analyzing internal blasted tubular structures. A model of the internal explosion of a steel tube was used as an example for validation. The proposed method can be used generically, using factors according to the material characteristics of the target structures. The results of the study are discussed in detail in the paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20blast" title="internal blast">internal blast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RCCV" title=" RCCV"> RCCV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCCV" title=" PCCV"> PCCV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffness" title=" stiffness"> stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blast%20safety" title=" blast safety"> blast safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179251/analysis-of-the-behavior-of-the-structure-under-internal-anfo-explosion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9608</span> Modeling of Coupled Mechanical State and Diffusion in Composites with Impermeable Fibers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Gueribiz">D. Gueribiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Jacquemin"> F. Jacquemin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Fr%C3%A9our"> S. Fréour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During their service life, composite materials are submitted to humid environments. The moisture absorbed by their matrix polymer induced internal stresses which can lead to multi-scale damage and may reduce the lifetime of composite structures. The estimation of internal stresses is based at a first on realistic evaluation of the diffusive behavior of composite materials. Generally, the modeling and simulation of the diffusive behavior of composite materials are extensively investigated through decoupled models based on the assumption of Fickien behavior. For these approaches, the concentration and the deformation (or stresses), the two state variables of the problem considered are governed by independent equations which are solved separately. In this study, a model coupling diffusive behavior with stresses state for a polymer matrix composite reinforced with impermeable fibers is proposed, the investigation of diffusive behavior is based on a more general thermodynamic approach which introduces a dependence of diffusive behavior on internal stresses state. The coupled diffusive behavior modeling was established in first for homogeneous and isotropic matrix and it is, thereafter, extended to impermeable unidirectional composites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composites%20materials" title="composites materials">composites materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20diffusion" title=" moisture diffusion"> moisture diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20moisture%20diffusivity" title=" effective moisture diffusivity"> effective moisture diffusivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupled%20moisture%20diffusion" title=" coupled moisture diffusion "> coupled moisture diffusion </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48341/modeling-of-coupled-mechanical-state-and-diffusion-in-composites-with-impermeable-fibers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9607</span> Bayesian Inference for High Dimensional Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20M.%20Karadimitriou">Sofia M. Karadimitriou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kostas%20Triantafyllopoulos"> Kostas Triantafyllopoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Heaton"> Timothy Heaton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reduced dimension Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Models (DSTMs) jointly describe the spatial and temporal evolution of a function observed subject to noise. A basic state space model is adopted for the discrete temporal variation, while a continuous autoregressive structure describes the continuous spatial evolution. Application of such a DSTM relies upon the pre-selection of a suitable reduced set of basic functions and this can present a challenge in practice. In this talk, we propose an online estimation method for high dimensional spatio-temporal data based upon DSTM and we attempt to resolve this issue by allowing the basis to adapt to the observed data. Specifically, we present a wavelet decomposition in order to obtain a parsimonious approximation of the spatial continuous process. This parsimony can be achieved by placing a Laplace prior distribution on the wavelet coefficients. The aim of using the Laplace prior, is to filter wavelet coefficients with low contribution, and thus achieve the dimension reduction with significant computation savings. We then propose a Hierarchical Bayesian State Space model, for the estimation of which we offer an appropriate particle filter algorithm. The proposed methodology is illustrated using real environmental data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multidimensional%20Laplace%20prior" title="multidimensional Laplace prior">multidimensional Laplace prior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20filtering" title=" particle filtering"> particle filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatio-temporal%20modelling" title=" spatio-temporal modelling"> spatio-temporal modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelets" title=" wavelets"> wavelets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43799/bayesian-inference-for-high-dimensional-dynamic-spatio-temporal-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9606</span> Controlled Doping of Graphene Monolayer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vedanki%20Khandenwal">Vedanki Khandenwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pawan%20Srivastava"> Pawan Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kartick%20Tarafder"> Kartick Tarafder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subhasis%20Ghosh"> Subhasis Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present here the experimental realization of controlled doping of graphene monolayers through charge transfer by trapping selected organic molecules between the graphene layer and underlying substrates. This charge transfer between graphene and trapped molecule leads to controlled n-type or p-type doping in monolayer graphene (MLG), depending on whether the trapped molecule acts as an electron donor or an electron acceptor. Doping controllability has been validated by a shift in corresponding Raman peak positions and a shift in Dirac points. In the transfer characteristics of field effect transistors, a significant shift of Dirac point towards positive or negative gate voltage region provides the signature of p-type or n-type doping of graphene, respectively, as a result of the charge transfer between graphene and the organic molecules trapped within it. In order to facilitate the charge transfer interaction, it is crucial for the trapped molecules to be situated in close proximity to the graphene surface, as demonstrated by findings in Raman and infrared spectroscopies. However, the mechanism responsible for this charge transfer interaction has remained unclear at the microscopic level. Generally, it is accepted that the dipole moment of adsorbed molecules plays a crucial role in determining the charge-transfer interaction between molecules and graphene. However, our findings clearly illustrate that the doping effect primarily depends on the reactivity of the constituent atoms in the adsorbed molecules rather than just their dipole moment. This has been illustrated by trapping various molecules at the graphene−substrate interface. Dopant molecules such as acetone (containing highly reactive oxygen atoms) promote adsorption across the entire graphene surface. In contrast, molecules with less reactive atoms, such as acetonitrile, tend to adsorb at the edges due to the presence of reactive dangling bonds. In the case of low-dipole moment molecules like toluene, there is a lack of substantial adsorption anywhere on the graphene surface. Observation of (i) the emergence of the Raman D peak exclusively at the edges for trapped molecules without reactive atoms and throughout the entire basal plane for those with reactive atoms, and (ii) variations in the density of attached molecules (with and without reactive atoms) to graphene with their respective dipole moments provides compelling evidence to support our claim. Additionally, these observations were supported by first principle density functional calculations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title="graphene">graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doping" title=" doping"> doping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20transfer" title=" charge transfer"> charge transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20phase%20exfoliation" title=" liquid phase exfoliation"> liquid phase exfoliation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175625/controlled-doping-of-graphene-monolayer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175625.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9605</span> Brain Age Prediction Based on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging by 3D Convolutional Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Keshavarz%20Afshar">Leila Keshavarz Afshar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hedieh%20Sajedi"> Hedieh Sajedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Estimation of biological brain age from MR images is a topic that has been much addressed in recent years due to the importance it attaches to early diagnosis of diseases such as Alzheimer's. In this paper, we use a 3D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to provide a method for estimating the biological age of the brain. The 3D-CNN model is trained by MRI data that has been normalized. In addition, to reduce computation while saving overall performance, some effectual slices are selected for age estimation. By this method, the biological age of individuals using selected normalized data was estimated with Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 4.82 years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20age%20estimation" title="brain age estimation">brain age estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20age" title=" biological age"> biological age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D-CNN" title=" 3D-CNN"> 3D-CNN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T1-weighted%20image" title=" T1-weighted image"> T1-weighted image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPM" title=" SPM"> SPM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preprocessing" title=" preprocessing"> preprocessing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MRI" title=" MRI"> MRI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canny" title=" canny"> canny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gray%20matter" title=" gray matter"> gray matter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113560/brain-age-prediction-based-on-brain-magnetic-resonance-imaging-by-3d-convolutional-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113560.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9604</span> Appraisal of Maintenance Practices in Selected Tourist Attraction in Bauchi State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eldah%20Ephraim%20Buba">Eldah Ephraim Buba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amina%20Bata%20Zoaka"> Amina Bata Zoaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aishatu%20Ibrahim"> Aishatu Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study appraised maintenance practices in selected tourist attractions in Bauchi state, Nigeria. Four tourist attractions were used for the research. Checklists were used to assess operations and repairs maintenance practices in the different attractions. The study carried out personal assessment thrice in six months without prior knowledge of the staff in charge for operational maintenance. Records of repairs maintenance from the attractions maintenance unit for a period of ten years were assessed using the checklists. The findings of the study show that operations maintenance was not adequately carried out in the four tourists attractions. Repairs maintenance was carried out in Yankari game reserve and safari, but repairs maintenance was poor in the other three attractions. The study therefore, recommends that adequate maintenance should be practiced in tourist attractions to expand the lifespan of the facilities and also encourage tourist patronage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=appraisal" title="appraisal">appraisal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance" title=" maintenance"> maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practices" title=" practices"> practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourist%20attraction" title=" tourist attraction"> tourist attraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31847/appraisal-of-maintenance-practices-in-selected-tourist-attraction-in-bauchi-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9603</span> Age Estimation Using Atlas Method with Orthopantomogram and Digital Tracing on Lateral Cephalogram</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Astika%20Swastirani">Astika Swastirani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chronological age estimation can be done by looking at the stage of growth and development of teeth from orthopantomogram and mandibular remodeling from lateral cephalogram. Mandibular morphological changes associated with the size and remodeling during growth is a strong indicator of age estimation. These changes can be observed with lateral cephalogram. Objective: To prove the difference between chronological age and age estimation using orthopantomogram (dental age) and lateral cephalogram (skeletal age). Methods: Sample consisted of 100 medical records, 100 orthopantomograms digital and 100 lateral cephalograms digital belongs to 50 male and 50 female of Airlangga University hospital of dentistry. Orthopantomogram were matched with London atlas and lateral cephalograms were observed by digital tracing. The difference of dental age and skeletal age was analyzed by pair t –test. Result: Result of the pair t-test between chronological age and dental age in male (p-value 0.002, p<0.05), in female (p-value 0.605, p>0.05). Result of pair t-test between the chronological age and skeletal age (variable length Condylion-Gonion, Gonion-Gnathion, Condylion-Gnathion in male (p-value 0.000, p<0.05) in female (variable Condylion-Gonion length (p-value 0.000, Condylion-Gnathion length (p-value 0,040) and Gonion-Gnathion length (p-value 0.493). Conclusion: Orthopantomogram with London atlas and lateral cephalograms with Gonion- Gnathion variable can be used for age estimation in female. Orthopantomogram with London atlas and lateral cephalograms with Condylion-Gonion variable, Gonion-Gnathion variable and Condylion-Gnathion can not be used for age estimation in male. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20estimation" title="age estimation">age estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronological%20age" title=" chronological age"> chronological age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20age" title=" dental age"> dental age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skeletal%20age" title=" skeletal age"> skeletal age</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90628/age-estimation-using-atlas-method-with-orthopantomogram-and-digital-tracing-on-lateral-cephalogram" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9602</span> The Linear Combination of Kernels in the Estimation of the Cumulative Distribution Functions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdel-Razzaq%20Mugdadi">Abdel-Razzaq Mugdadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruqayyah%20Sani"> Ruqayyah Sani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Kernel Distribution Function Estimator (KDFE) method is the most popular method for nonparametric estimation of the cumulative distribution function. The kernel and the bandwidth are the most important components of this estimator. In this investigation, we replace the kernel in the KDFE with a linear combination of kernels to obtain a new estimator based on the linear combination of kernels, the mean integrated squared error (MISE), asymptotic mean integrated squared error (AMISE) and the asymptotically optimal bandwidth for the new estimator are derived. We propose a new data-based method to select the bandwidth for the new estimator. The new technique is based on the Plug-in technique in density estimation. We evaluate the new estimator and the new technique using simulations and real-life data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimation" title="estimation">estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bandwidth" title=" bandwidth"> bandwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20square%20error" title=" mean square error"> mean square error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cumulative%20distribution%20function" title=" cumulative distribution function"> cumulative distribution function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28571/the-linear-combination-of-kernels-in-the-estimation-of-the-cumulative-distribution-functions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">581</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9601</span> Estimation and Comparison of Delay at Signalized Intersections Based on Existing Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arpita%20Saha">Arpita Saha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satish%20Chandra"> Satish Chandra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indrajit%20Ghosh"> Indrajit Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Delay implicates the time loss of a traveler while crossing an intersection. Efficiency of traffic operation at signalized intersections is assessed in terms of delay caused to an individual vehicle. Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) method and Webster’s method are the most widely used in India for delay estimation purpose. However, in India, traffic is highly heterogeneous in nature with extremely poor lane discipline. Therefore, to explore best delay estimation technique for Indian condition, a comparison was made. In this study, seven signalized intersections from three different cities where chosen. Data was collected for both during morning and evening peak hours. Only under saturated cycles were considered for this study. Delay was estimated based on the field data. With the help of Simpson’s 1/3 rd rule, delay of under saturated cycles was estimated by measuring the area under the curve of queue length and cycle time. Moreover, the field observed delay was compared with the delay estimated using HCM, Webster, Probabilistic, Taylor’s expansion and Regression methods. The drawbacks of the existing delay estimation methods to be use in Indian heterogeneous traffic conditions were figured out, and best method was proposed. It was observed that direct estimation of delay using field measured data is more accurate than existing conventional and modified methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delay%20estimation%20technique" title="delay estimation technique">delay estimation technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20delay" title=" field delay"> field delay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20traffic" title=" heterogeneous traffic"> heterogeneous traffic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signalised%20intersection" title=" signalised intersection"> signalised intersection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62348/estimation-and-comparison-of-delay-at-signalized-intersections-based-on-existing-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9600</span> A Diagnostic Comparative Analysis of on Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) Models for Indoor and Outdoor Route Planning and Obstacle Avoidance </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Esmail%20Seyedi%20Bariran">Seyed Esmail Seyedi Bariran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khairul%20Salleh%20Mohamed%20Sahari"> Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In robotics literature, the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is commonly associated with a priori-posteriori problem. The autonomous vehicle needs a neutral map to spontaneously track its local position, i.e., “localization” while at the same time a precise path estimation of the environment state is required for effective route planning and obstacle avoidance. On the other hand, the environmental noise factors can significantly intensify the inherent uncertainties in using odometry information and measurements obtained from the robot’s exteroceptive sensor which in return directly affect the overall performance of the corresponding SLAM. Therefore, the current work is primarily dedicated to provide a diagnostic analysis of six SLAM algorithms including FastSLAM, L-SLAM, GraphSLAM, Grid SLAM and DP-SLAM. A SLAM simulated environment consisting of two sets of landmark locations and robot waypoints was set based on modified EKF and UKF in MATLAB using two separate maps for indoor and outdoor route planning subject to natural and artificial obstacles. The simulation results are expected to provide an unbiased platform to compare the estimation performances of the five SLAM models as well as on the reliability of each SLAM model for indoor and outdoor applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=route%20planning" title="route planning">route planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obstacle" title=" obstacle"> obstacle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimation%20performance" title=" estimation performance"> estimation performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FastSLAM" title=" FastSLAM"> FastSLAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L-SLAM" title=" L-SLAM"> L-SLAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GraphSLAM" title=" GraphSLAM"> GraphSLAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grid%20SLAM" title=" Grid SLAM"> Grid SLAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DP-SLAM" title=" DP-SLAM"> DP-SLAM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13160/a-diagnostic-comparative-analysis-of-on-simultaneous-localization-and-mapping-slam-models-for-indoor-and-outdoor-route-planning-and-obstacle-avoidance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9599</span> Co-Precipitation Method for the Fabrication of Charge-Transfer Molecular Crystal Nanocapsules</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabih%20Al-Kaysi">Rabih Al-Kaysi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When quasi-stable solutions of 9-methylanthracene (pi-electron donor, 0.0005 M) and 1,2,4,5-Tetracyanobenzene (pi-electron acceptor, 0.0005 M) in aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, 0.025 M) were gently mixed, uniform-shaped rectangular charge-transfer nanocrystals precipitated out. These red colored charge-transfer (CT) crystals were composed of a 1:1-mole ratio of acceptor/ donor and are highly insoluble in water/SDS solution. The rectangular crystals morphology is semi hollow with symmetrical twin pockets reminiscent of nanocapsules. For a typical crop of nanocapsules, the dimensions are 21 x 6 x 0.5 microns with an approximate hollow volume of 1.5 x 105 nm3. By varying the concentration of aqueous SDS, mixing duration and incubation temperature, we can control the size and volume of the nanocapsules. The initial number of CT seed nanoparticles, formed by mixing the D and A solutions, determined the number and dimensions of the obtained nanocapsules formed after several hours of incubation under still conditions. Prolonged mixing of the donor and acceptor solutions resulted in plenty of initial seeds hence smaller nanocapsules. Short mixing times yields less seed formation and larger micron-sized capsules. The addition of Doxorubicin in situ with the quasi-stable solutions while mixing leads to the formation of CT nanocapsules with Doxorubicin sealed inside. The Doxorubicin can be liberated from the nanocapsules by cracking them using ultrasonication. This method can be extended to other binary CT complex crystals as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge-transfer" title="charge-transfer">charge-transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocapsules" title=" nanocapsules"> nanocapsules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocrystals" title=" nanocrystals"> nanocrystals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doxorubicin" title=" doxorubicin"> doxorubicin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70802/co-precipitation-method-for-the-fabrication-of-charge-transfer-molecular-crystal-nanocapsules" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9598</span> Government Intervention in Land Market </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waqar%20Ahmad%20Bajwa">Waqar Ahmad Bajwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the land market, there are two kinds of government intervention. First one is the control of development and second is the supply of land. In the both intervention Government has a lot of benefits. In development control the government designation of conservation areas and the effects of growth controls which may increase the price of land. On other hand Government also apply charge fee on land. The second type of intervention is to increase the supply of land, either by direct action or indirect action, as in the Pakistan, by obligatory purchase or important domain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20of%20control" title="supply of control">supply of control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20of%20development" title=" control of development"> control of development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20fee" title=" charge fee"> charge fee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20control" title=" land control"> land control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78717/government-intervention-in-land-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9597</span> Photoinduced Energy and Charge Transfer in InP Quantum Dots-Polymer/Metal Composites for Optoelectronic Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akanksha%20Singh">Akanksha Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahesh%20Kumar"> Mahesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shailesh%20N.%20Sharma"> Shailesh N. Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) such as CdSe, CdS, InP, etc. have gained significant interest in the recent years due to its application in various fields such as LEDs, solar cells, lasers, biological markers, etc. The interesting feature of the QDs is their tunable band gap. The size of the QDs can be easily varied by varying the synthesis parameters which change the band gap. One of the limitations with II-VI semiconductor QDs is their biological application. The use of cadmium makes them unsuitable for biological applications. III-V QD such as InP overcomes this problem as they are structurally robust because of the covalent bonds which do not allow the ions to leak. Also, InP QDs has large Bohr radii which increase the window for the quantum confinement effect. The synthesis of InP QDs is difficult and time consuming. Authors have synthesized InP using a novel, quick synthesis method which utilizes trioctylphosphine as a source of phosphorus. In this work, authors have made InP composites with P3HT(Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl))polymer(organic-inorganic hybrid material) and gold nanoparticles(metal-semiconductor composites). InP-P3HT shows FRET phenomenon whereas InP-Au shows charge transfer mechanism. The synthesized InP QDs has an absorption band at 397 nm and PL peak position at 491 nm. The band gap of the InP QDs is 2.46 eV as compared to the bulk band gap of InP i.e. 1.35 eV. The average size of the QDs is around 3-4 nm. In order to protect the InP core, a shell of wide band gap material i.e. ZnS is coated on the top of InP core. InP-P3HT composites were made in order to study the charge transfer/energy transfer phenomenon between them. On adding aliquots of P3HT to InP QDs solution, the P3HT PL increases which can be attributed to the dominance of Förster energy transfer between InP QDs (donor) P3HT polymer (acceptor). There is a significant spectral overlap between the PL spectra of InP QDs and absorbance spectra of P3HT. But in the case of InP-Au nanocomposites, significant charge transfer was seen from InP QDs to Au NPs. When aliquots of Au NPs were added to InP QDs, a decrease in the PL of the InP QDs was observed. This is due to the charge transfer from the InP QDs to the Au NPs. In the case of metal semiconductor composites, the enhancement and quenching of QDs depend on the size of the QD and the distance between the QD and the metal NP. These two composites have different phenomenon between donor and acceptor and hence can be utilized for two different applications. The InP-P3HT composite can be utilized for LED devices due to enhancement in the PL emission (FRET). The InP-Au can be utilized efficiently for photovoltaic application owing to the successful charge transfer between InP-Au NPs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20transfer" title="charge transfer">charge transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRET" title=" FRET"> FRET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20nanoparticles" title=" gold nanoparticles"> gold nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InP%20quantum%20dots" title=" InP quantum dots "> InP quantum dots </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77549/photoinduced-energy-and-charge-transfer-in-inp-quantum-dots-polymermetal-composites-for-optoelectronic-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9596</span> Study of Harmonics Estimation on Analog kWh Meter Using Fast Fourier Transform Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amien%20Rahardjo">Amien Rahardjo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faiz%20Husnayain"> Faiz Husnayain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iwa%20Garniwa"> Iwa Garniwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> PLN used the kWh meter to determine the amount of energy consumed by the household customers. High precision of kWh meter is needed in order to give accuracy results as the accuracy can be decreased due to the presence of harmonic. In this study, an estimation of active power consumed was developed. Based on the first year study results, the largest deviation due to harmonics can reach up to 9.8% in 2200VA and 12.29% in 3500VA with kWh meter analog. In the second year of study, deviation of digital customer meter reaches 2.01% and analog meter up to 9.45% for 3500VA household customers. The aim of this research is to produce an estimation system to calculate the total energy consumed by household customer using analog meter so the losses due to irregularities PLN recording of energy consumption based on the measurement used Analog kWh-meter installed is avoided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonics%20estimation" title="harmonics estimation">harmonics estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonic%20distortion" title=" harmonic distortion"> harmonic distortion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kWh%20meters%20analog%20and%20digital" title=" kWh meters analog and digital"> kWh meters analog and digital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=THD" title=" THD"> THD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=household%20customers" title=" household customers"> household customers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15945/study-of-harmonics-estimation-on-analog-kwh-meter-using-fast-fourier-transform-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15945.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9595</span> Reactive Power Control with Plug-In Electric Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Dastori">Mostafa Dastori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sirus%20Mohammadi"> Sirus Mohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) potentially have the capability to fulfill the energy storage needs of the electric grid, the degradation on the battery during this operation makes it less preferable by the auto manufacturers and consumers. On the other hand, the on-board chargers can also supply energy storage system applications such as reactive power compensation, voltage regulation, and power factor correction without the need of engaging the battery with the grid and thereby preserving its lifetime. It presents the design motives of single-phase on-board chargers in detail and makes a classiﬁcation of the chargers based on their future vehicle-to-grid usage. The pros and cons of each different ac–dc topology are discussed to shed light on their suit- ability for reactive power support. This paper also presents and analyzes the differences between charging-only operation and capacitive reactive power operation that results in increased demand from the dc-link capacitor (more charge/discharge cycles and in- creased second harmonic ripple current). Moreover, battery state of charge is spared from losses during reactive power operation, but converter output power must be limited below its rated power rating to have the same stress on the dc-link capacitor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20storage%20system" title="energy storage system">energy storage system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20unit" title=" battery unit"> battery unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost" title=" cost"> cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20sizing" title=" optimal sizing"> optimal sizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plug-in%20electric%20vehicles%20%28PEVs%29" title=" plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs)"> plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20grid" title=" smart grid"> smart grid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44195/reactive-power-control-with-plug-in-electric-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9594</span> Ph-Triggered Cationic Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Mitigated Colitis in Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naeem">Muhammad Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juho%20Lee"> Juho Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Wook%20%20Yoo"> Jin-Wook Yoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we hypothesized that prolonged gastrointestinal transit at the inflamed colon conferred by a pH-triggered mucoadhesive smart nanoparticulate drug delivery system aids in achieving selective and sustained levels of the drug within the inflamed colon for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. We developed budesonide-loaded pH-sensitive charge-reversal solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) using a hot homogenization method. Polyetylenimine (PEI) was used to render SLNs cationic (PEI-SLNs). Eudragit S100 (ES) was coated on PEI-SLNs for pH-trigger charge-reversal SLNs (ES-PEI-SLNs). Therapeutic potential of the prepared SNLs formulation was evaluated in ulcerative colitis in mice. The transmission electron microscopy, zeta size and zeta potential data showed the successful formation of SLNs formulations. SLNs and PEI-SLNs showed burst drug release in acidic pH condition mimicking stomach and early small intestine environment which limiting their application as oral delivery systems. However, ES-PEI-SLNs prevented a burst drug release in acidic pH conditions and showed sustained release at a colonic pH. Most importantly, the surface charge of ES-PEI-SLNs switched from negative to positive in colonic conditions by pH-triggered removal of ES coating and accumulated selectively in inflamed colon. Furthermore, a charge reversal ES-PEI-SLNs showed a superior mitigation of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis in mice as compared to SLNs and PEI-SLNs treated groups. Moreover, histopathological analysis of distal colon sections stained with hematoxylin/eosin and E-cadherin immunostaining revealed attenuated inflammation in an ES-PEI-SLNs-treated group. We also found that ES-PEI-SLNs markedly reduced the myeloperoxidase level and expression of TNF-alpha in colon tissue. Our results suggest that the pH-triggered charge reversal SLNs presented in this study would be a promising approach for ulcerative colitis therapy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20lipid%20nanoparticles" title="solid lipid nanoparticles">solid lipid nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stimuli-triggered%20charge-reversal" title=" stimuli-triggered charge-reversal"> stimuli-triggered charge-reversal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ulcerative%20colitis" title=" ulcerative colitis"> ulcerative colitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methacrylate%20copolymer" title=" methacrylate copolymer"> methacrylate copolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=budesonide" title=" budesonide"> budesonide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66887/ph-triggered-cationic-solid-lipid-nanoparticles-mitigated-colitis-in-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9593</span> Characterization of Carbazole-Based Host Material for Highly Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malek%20Mahmoudi">Malek Mahmoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonas%20Keruckas"> Jonas Keruckas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmytro%20Volyniuk"> Dmytro Volyniuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jurate%20Simokaitiene"> Jurate Simokaitiene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juozas%20V.%20Grazulevicius"> Juozas V. Grazulevicius</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Host materials have been discovered as one of the most appealing methods for harvesting triplet states in organic materials for application in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The ideal host-guest system for emission in thermally delayed fluorescence OLEDs with 20% guest concentration for efficient energy transfer has been demonstrated in the present investigation. In this work, 3,3'-bis[9-(4-fluorophenyl) carbazole] (bFPC) has been used as the host, which induces balanced charge carrier transport for high-efficiency OLEDs.For providing a complete characterization of the synthesized compound, photophysical, photoelectrical, charge-transporting, and electrochemical properties of the compound have been examined. Excited-state lifetimes and singlet-triplet energy gaps were measured for characterization of photophysical properties, while thermogravimetric analysis, as well as differential scanning calorimetry measurements, were performed for probing of electrochemical and thermal properties of the compound. The electrochemical properties of this compound were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) method, and ionization potential (IPCV) value of 5.68 eV was observed. UV–Vis absorption and photoluminescence spectrum of a solution of the compound in toluene (10-5 M) showed maxima at 302 and 405 nm, respectively. Photoelectron emission spectrometry was used for the characterization of charge-injection properties of the studied compound in solid. The ionization potential of this material was found to be 5.78 eV, and time-of-flight measurement was used for testing charge-transporting properties and hole mobility estimated using this technique in a vacuum-deposited layer reached 4×10-4 cm2 V-1s-1. Since the compound with high charge mobilities was tested as a host in an organic light-emitting diode. The device was fabricated by successive deposition onto a pre-cleaned indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate under a vacuum of 10-6 Torr and consisting of an indium-tin-oxide anode, hole injection and transporting layer(MoO3, NPB), emitting layer with bFPC as a host and 4CzIPN (2,4,5,6-tetra(9-carbazolyl)isophthalonitrile) which is a new highly efficient green thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material as an emitter, an electron transporting layer(TPBi) and lithium fluoride layer topped with aluminum layer as a cathode exhibited the highest maximum current efficiency and power efficiency of 33.9 cd/A and 23.5 lm/W, respectively and the electroluminescence spectrum showed only a peak at 512nm. Furthermore, the new bicarbazole-based compound was tested as a host in thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes are reaching luminance of 25300 cd m-2 and external quantum efficiency of 10.1%. Interestingly, the turn-on voltage was low enough (3.8 V), and such a device can be used for highly efficient light sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermally-activated%20delayed%20fluorescence" title="thermally-activated delayed fluorescence">thermally-activated delayed fluorescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=host%20%20material" title=" host material"> host material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionization%20energy" title=" ionization energy"> ionization energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20mobility" title=" charge mobility"> charge mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroluminescence" title=" electroluminescence"> electroluminescence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114469/characterization-of-carbazole-based-host-material-for-highly-efficient-thermally-activated-delayed-fluorescence-emitter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9592</span> Static Charge Control Plan for High-Density Electronics Centers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clara%20Oliver">Clara Oliver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oibar%20Martinez"> Oibar Martinez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20Miguel%20Miranda"> Jose Miguel Miranda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ensuring a safe environment for sensitive electronics boards in places with high limitations in size poses two major difficulties: the control of charge accumulation in floating floors and the prevention of excess charge generation due to air cooling flows. In this paper, we discuss these mechanisms and possible solutions to prevent them. An experiment was made in the control room of a Cherenkov Telescope, where six racks of 2x1x1 m size and independent cooling units are located. The room is 10x4x2.5 m, and the electronics include high-speed digitizers, trigger circuits, etc. The floor used in this room was antistatic, but it was a raised floor mounted in floating design to facilitate the handling of the cables and maintenance. The tests were made by measuring the contact voltage acquired by a person who was walking along the room with different footwear qualities. In addition, we took some measurements of the voltage accumulated in a person in other situations like running or sitting up and down on an office chair. The voltages were taken in real time with an electrostatic voltage meter and dedicated control software. It is shown that peak voltages as high as 5 kV were measured with ambient humidity of more than 30%, which are within the range of a class 3A according to the HBM standard. In order to complete the results, we have made the same experiment in different spaces with alternative types of the floor like synthetic floor and earthenware floor obtaining peak voltages much lower than the ones measured with the floating synthetic floor. The grounding quality one achieves with this kind of floors can hardly beat the one typically encountered in standard floors glued directly on a solid substrate. On the other hand, the air ventilation used to prevent the overheating of the boards probably contributed in a significant way to the charge accumulated in the room. During the assessment of the quality of the static charge control, it is necessary to guarantee that the tests are made under repeatable conditions. One of the major difficulties which one encounters during these assessments is the fact the electrostatic voltmeters might provide different values depending on the humidity conditions and ground resistance quality. In addition, the use of certified antistatic footwear might mask deficiencies in the charge control. In this paper, we show how we defined protocols to guarantee that electrostatic readings are reliable. We believe that this can be helpful not only to qualify the static charge control in a laboratory but also to asses any procedure oriented to minimize the risk of electrostatic discharge events. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrostatics" title="electrostatics">electrostatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESD%20protocols" title=" ESD protocols"> ESD protocols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HBM" title=" HBM"> HBM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20charge%20control" title=" static charge control"> static charge control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107857/static-charge-control-plan-for-high-density-electronics-centers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107857.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> 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