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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y">贡献</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n">讨论</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Sanelijolagoon.jpg/300px-Sanelijolagoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Sanelijolagoon.jpg/400px-Sanelijolagoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2676" data-file-height="1904" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="加州">加州</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%9C%B0%E7%89%99%E5%93%A5%E9%83%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="聖地牙哥郡">聖地牙哥郡</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E5%9F%83%E5%88%A9%E8%8D%B7%E6%BF%95%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖埃利荷濕地（页面不存在）">聖埃利荷濕地</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Elijo_Lagoon" class="extiw" title="en:San Elijo Lagoon">San Elijo Lagoon</a>）的苦鹹水沼澤</figcaption></figure> 苦鹹水沼澤（英文：Brackish marshes），又稱汽水沼澤，是以<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%92%B8%E6%B0%B4" title="半咸水">半鹹水</a>為主體的沼澤，發展自被大量<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4" title="淡水">淡水</a>注入導致水體<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BD%E5%BA%A6" title="鹽度">鹽度</a>被稀釋的<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BD%E6%B2%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="鹽沼">鹽沼</a>，多半位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8F%A3%E7%81%A3" title="河口灣">河口灣</a>鹽沼更偏河川上游的位置，且有大量淡水注入並具有較低的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%AE" title="潮差">潮差</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a>。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="特徵">特徵</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%A6%E9%B9%B9%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%BC%E6%BE%A4&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：特徵">编辑</a>]</div> 苦鹹水沼澤水體的鹽度約介於0.5 ppt至35 ppt<a href="#cite_note-:1-2">[2]</a>，大多具有較低矮的植披、裸露泥地或砂質的平原<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>。由於苦鹹水沼澤鹽度變化幅度較大，也因此創造了獨特的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="生態系">生態系</a>讓生存於淡水及鹹水的植物得以共存<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a>。鹽度同時也受到<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%90" title="潮汐">潮汐</a>影響，低潮時鹽度降低，高潮時則因海水注入而使鹽度增加<a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[5]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生態多樣性">生態多樣性</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%A6%E9%B9%B9%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%BC%E6%BE%A4&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：生態多樣性">编辑</a>]</div> 在<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7" title="生物多樣性">生物多樣性</a>上，苦鹹水沼澤具有獨特的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E4%BD%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="生態位">生態位</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>。高鹽度對大部分植物視為演化上的障壁，因此當生態系的主要水體由淡水逐漸轉為鹹水時，其中植物的多樣性也會隨之降低；此外，能適應鹹水環境的植物鮮少能生存於淡水環境，而適應淡水環境的植物則無法生存於鹹水環境之中<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a>。然而，在以半鹹水為主體的苦鹹水沼澤中，兩種類型的植物均能夠適應這樣的環境<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a>，包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AE%AD%E5%8D%97%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="箭南星（页面不存在）">箭南星</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peltandra_virginica" class="extiw" title="en:Peltandra virginica">Peltandra virginica</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AF%E5%BF%83%E8%8D%89" title="灯心草">燈心草</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E8%92%B2%E5%B1%9E" title="香蒲属">香蒲</a>、及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%AC%E8%8A%92%E5%B1%9E" title="一本芒属">一本芒</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-2">[2]</a>。 為了適應這樣的環境，生存於苦鹹水沼澤的植物大多屬<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BD%E7%94%9F%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="鹽生植物">鹽生植物</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>，諸如例子包括生存於<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="喬治亞州">喬治亞州</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%8A%B1%E7%B1%B3%E8%8D%89" title="互花米草">互花米草</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E7%B9%A9%E8%8D%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大繩草（页面不存在）">大繩草</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartina_cynosuroides" class="extiw" title="en:Spartina cynosuroides">Spartina cynosuroides</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E7%87%88%E5%BF%83%E8%8D%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑燈心草（页面不存在）">黑燈心草</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juncus_roemerianus" class="extiw" title="en:Juncus roemerianus">Juncus roemerianus</a>）<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a>；其他鹽生植物包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%9C%E6%A3%95" title="菜棕">菜棕</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spartina_bakeri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spartina bakeri（页面不存在）">Spartina bakeri</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartina_bakeri" class="extiw" title="en:Spartina bakeri">Spartina bakeri</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BD%E8%8D%89" class="mw-redirect" title="鹽草">鹽草</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E7%A9%97%E9%9B%80%E7%A8%97" title="双穗雀稗">雙穗雀稗</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paspalum_distichum" class="extiw" title="en:Paspalum distichum">Paspalum distichum</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E6%A5%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白楔（页面不存在）">白楔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batis_maritima" class="extiw" title="en:Batis maritima">Batis maritima</a>）與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E9%B9%BD%E8%8D%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維吉尼亞鹽草（页面不存在）">維吉尼亞鹽草</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salicomia_virginica" class="extiw" title="en:Salicomia virginica">Salicomia virginica</a>）<a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a>。除了鹽度之外，生長於苦鹹水沼澤的植物還必須要能夠<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A9%E6%87%89" title="適應">適應</a>其他不利於植物生長的環境因素，包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4" title="洪水">氾濫</a>及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波流交互作用（页面不存在）">波流交互作用</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93current_interaction" class="extiw" title="en:Wave–current interaction">Wave–current interaction</a>）<a href="#cite_note-:4-9">[9]</a>。 這些植物群落為幼魚、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E6%AE%BC%E9%A1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="甲殼類">甲殼類</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-10">[10]</a>及鳥類<a href="#cite_note-未命名-20230318195434-11">[11]</a>提供了適宜生存的環境，淺而混濁的水域讓牠們得以遠離掠食者的威脅。覆蓋於沼澤之上的植物也為底下的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B8%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="自游生物">自游生物</a>提供了遮蔽<a href="#cite_note-:6-12">[12]</a> 。 苦鹹水沼澤的<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E7%B4%9A" title="營養級">營養級</a>根基於其<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="土壤">土壤</a>表層的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" title="有機物質">有機物質</a>，這些有機質是底棲性<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%A2%8E%E5%B1%91%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="食碎屑动物">食碎屑動物</a>的主要食物來源，而這些動物又能支持更高層級的營養級。有機質會隨著時間累積，因此可以說時間也是另一個苦鹹水沼澤生態多樣性的要素之一<a href="#cite_note-:6-12">[12]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人類利用與影響">人類利用與影響</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%A6%E9%B9%B9%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%BC%E6%BE%A4&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：人類利用與影響">编辑</a>]</div> 苦鹹水沼澤具有<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA" title="防洪">防洪</a>的功能<a href="#cite_note-:4-9">[9]</a>，但許多沼澤目前正常遭受到嚴重的汙染，或是因<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%AB%E6%B5%B7" title="填海">填海</a>而<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%B2%E6%81%AF%E5%9C%B0%E7%A0%B4%E5%A3%9E" title="棲息地破壞">消失</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-10">[10]</a>。舉例來說，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E7%AC%AC%E5%AE%89%E6%B2%B3%E6%BD%9F%E6%B9%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印第安河潟湖（页面不存在）">印第安河潟湖</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_River_Lagoon" class="extiw" title="en:Indian River Lagoon">Indian River Lagoon</a>）自1940年代以來就一直受到人類活動嚴重的影響，沼澤被<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%8F%E6%B5%9A" title="疏浚">疏浚</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%A3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="水壩">圍起</a>來防止病媒蚊孳生，這導致較低漥處被開放水域取代，也阻止了野火蔓延，但反而讓部分<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="入侵物種">入侵物種</a>得以蔓延並擴張其分布範圍<a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a>。 苦鹹水沼澤也能夠過人類的干涉復原，研究顯示經過適當的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A9%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="復育生態學">復育</a>，無論是原生或復育的沼澤，魚群的數量都得以恢復<a href="#cite_note-:6-12">[12]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="保育現況與威脅">保育現況與威脅</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%A6%E9%B9%B9%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%BC%E6%BE%A4&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：保育現況與威脅">编辑</a>]</div> 和其他大部分的棲息地一樣，苦鹹水沼澤最大的威脅同樣來自於人類，主要是人類活動範圍的擴張及疏浚行為，或是傾倒化學物質同樣也能造成破壞<a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[5]</a>。一旦遭受汙染，沼澤的土壤<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="氮循環">氮含量</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A2%B3%E9%87%8F" title="总有机碳量">總有機碳量</a>需要30至90年才有辦法恢復到原有的狀態，有些地區甚至超過了200年才逐漸恢復<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>。 保育方面，最重要的就是限制人類活動。由於苦鹹水沼澤是許多物種幼體的棲息地，在這裡加入被動的管理系統能有效地復育這些物種<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>。在某些地區，讓牲畜進行<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E9%A3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="牧食">牧食</a>能為部分鳥類物種提供更合適的棲息地<a href="#cite_note-未命名-20230318195434-11">[11]</a>。苦鹹水沼澤是十分特別的濕地地形，無論在保育、生態多樣性或復育方面都有其必要性。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻">參考文獻</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%A6%E9%B9%B9%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%BC%E6%BE%A4&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：參考文獻">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Field Guide to Coastal Wetland Plants of the Southeastern United States, Ralph W. 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="Template:海岸地理"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="Template talk:海岸地理"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:海岸地理"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="海岸地理（英语：-&#123;Coastal_geography&#125;-）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海岸地理（页面不存在）">海岸地理</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_geography" class="extiw" title="en:Coastal geography">Coastal geography</a>）</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2" title="地形">地形</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anchialine_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anchialine system（页面不存在）">Anchialine system</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchialine_system" class="extiw" title="en:Anchialine system">Anchialine system</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="群島">群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E7%A4%81" title="環礁">環礁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E6%B1%BA" title="沖決">沖決</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayre_(landform)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayre (landform)（页面不存在）">Ayre (landform)</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayre_(landform)" class="extiw" title="en:Ayre (landform)">Ayre (landform)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%9C%E5%A3%81%E5%B2%9B" title="障壁岛">障壁岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%81%A3" title="海灣">海灣</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bight_(geography)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bight (geography)（页面不存在）">bight (geography)</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bight_(geography)" class="extiw" title="en:bight (geography)">bight (geography)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bodden（页面不存在）">瀉湖灣</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodden" class="extiw" title="en:Bodden">Bodden</a>）</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">苦鹹水沼澤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%A7%92" title="海角">海角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%81%93" title="水道">水道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%AC%E5%B4%96" title="悬崖">悬崖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B8" title="岸">岸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="海岸平原">海岸平原</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E7%80%91%E5%B8%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海岸瀑布（页面不存在）">海岸瀑布</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_waterfall" class="extiw" title="en:Coastal waterfall">Coastal waterfall</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E5%9D%A1" title="大陆坡">大陆坡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E6%9E%B6" title="大陆架">大陆架</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8A%E7%91%9A%E7%A4%81" title="珊瑚礁">珊瑚礁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%81%A3" title="小灣">小灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E4%B8%98" title="沙丘">沙丘</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cliff-top_dune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cliff-top dune（页面不存在）">崖頂沙丘</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff-top_dune" class="extiw" title="en:Cliff-top dune">Cliff-top dune</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8F%A3%E7%81%A3" title="河口灣">河口灣</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Firth（页面不存在）">河口灣（英國）</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth" class="extiw" title="en:Firth">Firth</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fjard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fjard（页面不存在）">Fjard</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjard" class="extiw" title="en:Fjard">Fjard</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%A1%E6%B9%BE" title="峡湾">峡湾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%BC%E6%BE%A4" title="淡水沼澤">淡水沼澤</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundus_(seabed)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fundus (seabed)（页面不存在）">感潮河川海床</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundus_(seabed)" class="extiw" title="en:Fundus (seabed)">Fundus (seabed)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gat_(landform)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gat (landform)（页面不存在）">狹航道</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gat_(landform)" class="extiw" title="en:Gat (landform)">Gat (landform)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%9D%95%E9%9A%99" title="海蝕隙">海蝕隙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E6%B9%BE" title="广湾">广湾</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gut_(coastal_geography)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gut (coastal geography)（页面不存在）">海岸水道</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gut_(coastal_geography)" class="extiw" title="en:Gut (coastal geography)">Gut (coastal geography)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hapua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hapua（页面不存在）">Hapua</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapua" class="extiw" title="en:Hapua">Hapua</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Headland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Headland（页面不存在）">陸岬</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headland" class="extiw" title="en:Headland">Headland</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%81%E5%8F%A3%E6%B0%B4%E9%81%93" title="豁口水道">豁口水道</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intertidal_wetland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intertidal wetland（页面不存在）">潮間濕地</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_wetland" class="extiw" title="en:Intertidal wetland">Intertidal wetland</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC" title="島嶼">島嶼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%9B%E7%A4%81" title="岛礁">岛礁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%B3%A1" title="地峡">地峡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9F%E6%B9%96" title="潟湖">潟湖</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Machair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Machair（页面不存在）">海岸沙丘草地</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machair" class="extiw" title="en:Machair">Machair</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E6%BB%A9" title="泥滩">泥滩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%8B%B1" title="天然拱">天然拱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="半岛">半岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E7%A4%81" title="暗礁">暗礁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%BA%E7%81%A3" title="溺灣">溺灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BD%E9%B9%BC%E7%81%98" title="鹽鹼灘">鹽鹼灘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%B4%B2" title="沙洲">沙洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B8" title="岸">岸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%81" title="礁">礁</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sound_(geography)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sound (geography)（页面不存在）">海道</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_(geography)" class="extiw" title="en:Sound (geography)">Sound (geography)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%98%B4" title="沙嘴">沙嘴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%9A%80%E6%9F%B1" title="海蚀柱">海蚀柱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1" title="海峡">海峡</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strand_plain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strand plain（页面不存在）">濱海沙堤</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strand_plain" class="extiw" title="en:Strand plain">Strand plain</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E5%B3%BD%E8%B0%B7" title="海底峽谷">海底峽谷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%90%E5%B3%B6" title="潮汐島">潮汐島</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tidal_marsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tidal marsh（页面不存在）">潮汐沼澤</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_marsh" class="extiw" title="en:Tidal marsh">Tidal marsh</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%A0" title="潮池">潮池</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E9%80%A3%E5%B3%B6" title="陸連島">陸連島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E5%B3%B6%E6%B2%99%E6%B4%B2" title="連島沙洲">連島沙洲</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waituna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waituna（页面不存在）">Waituna</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waituna" class="extiw" title="en:Waituna">Waituna</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windwatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Windwatt（页面不存在）">Windwatt</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windwatt" class="extiw" title="en:Windwatt">Windwatt</a>）</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Accreting_coast_Image6.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coastal and oceanic landforms"><img alt="Coastal and oceanic landforms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Accreting_coast_Image6.svg/140px-Accreting_coast_Image6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Accreting_coast_Image6.svg/210px-Accreting_coast_Image6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Accreting_coast_Image6.svg/280px-Accreting_coast_Image6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1481" data-file-height="697" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Fernando_noronha.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dois Irmãos - Fernando de Noronha"><img alt="Dois Irmãos - Fernando de Noronha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Fernando_noronha.jpg/140px-Fernando_noronha.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Fernando_noronha.jpg/210px-Fernando_noronha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Fernando_noronha.jpg/280px-Fernando_noronha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%98" title="灘">灘</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beach_cusps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beach cusps（页面不存在）">Beach cusps</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_cusps" class="extiw" title="en:Beach cusps">Beach cusps</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beach_evolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beach evolution（页面不存在）">Beach evolution</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_evolution" class="extiw" title="en:Beach evolution">Beach evolution</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%81%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="海灘地形動力學">海灘地形動力學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%B1%E5%A0%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="濱堤（页面不存在）">濱堤</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_ridge" class="extiw" title="en:Beach ridge">Beach ridge</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E7%81%98%E5%B2%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海灘岩（页面不存在）">海灘岩</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beachrock" class="extiw" title="en:Beachrock">Beachrock</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beaches_in_estuaries_and_bays&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beaches in estuaries and bays（页面不存在）">Beaches in estuaries and bays</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaches_in_estuaries_and_bays" class="extiw" title="en:Beaches in estuaries and bays">Beaches in estuaries and bays</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pocket_beach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pocket beach（页面不存在）">Pocket beach</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocket_beach" class="extiw" title="en:Pocket beach">Pocket beach</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raised_beach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raised beach（页面不存在）">Raised beach</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raised_beach" class="extiw" title="en:Raised beach">Raised beach</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_recession_of_beaches&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modern recession of beaches（页面不存在）">Modern recession of beaches</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_recession_of_beaches" class="extiw" title="en:Modern recession of beaches">Modern recession of beaches</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC" title="貝殼">貝殼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B5%9D%E5%8D%B5%E7%9F%B3%E6%B5%B7%E7%81%98" title="鵝卵石海灘">鵝卵石海灘</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storm_beach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Storm beach（页面不存在）">Storm beach</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_beach" class="extiw" title="en:Storm beach">Storm beach</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wash_margin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wash margin（页面不存在）">Wash margin</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wash_margin" class="extiw" title="en:Wash margin">Wash margin</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beach_wrack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beach wrack（页面不存在）">Beach wrack</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_wrack" class="extiw" title="en:Beach wrack">Beach wrack</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8F%A3" title="河口">河口</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debouch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Debouch（页面不存在）">Debouch</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debouch" class="extiw" title="en:Debouch">Debouch</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_delta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="River delta（页面不存在）">River delta</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_delta" class="extiw" title="en:River delta">River delta</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E6%B4%B2" title="三角洲">三角洲</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regressive_delta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regressive delta（页面不存在）">逆向三角洲</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regressive_delta" class="extiw" title="en:Regressive delta">Regressive delta</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mouth_bar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mouth bar（页面不存在）">河口壩</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouth_bar" class="extiw" title="en:Mouth bar">Mouth bar</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%A3%E6%B4%B2_(%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="灣口洲 (地形)（页面不存在）">灣口洲</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baymouth_bar" class="extiw" title="en:Baymouth bar">Baymouth bar</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大规模海岸行为（页面不存在）">机制</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large-scale_coastal_behaviour" class="extiw" title="en:Large-scale coastal behaviour">Large-scale coastal behaviour</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B9%E8%9D%95%E7%A9%B4" title="吹蝕穴">吹蝕穴</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E8%9D%95%E5%B4%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海蝕崖（页面不存在）">海蝕崖</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliffed_coast" class="extiw" title="en:Cliffed coast">Cliffed coast</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coastal_biogeomorphology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coastal biogeomorphology（页面不存在）">海岸生物地理形態學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_biogeomorphology" class="extiw" title="en:Coastal biogeomorphology">Coastal biogeomorphology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E4%BE%B5%E8%9D%95" title="海岸侵蝕">海岸侵蝕</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concordant_coastline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concordant coastline（页面不存在）">Concordant coastline</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concordant_coastline" class="extiw" title="en:Concordant coastline">Concordant coastline</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%B0%B4" title="流水">流水</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuspate_foreland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuspate foreland（页面不存在）">Cuspate foreland</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuspate_foreland" class="extiw" title="en:Cuspate foreland">Cuspate foreland</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discordant_coastline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discordant coastline（页面不存在）">Discordant coastline</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discordant_coastline" class="extiw" title="en:Discordant coastline">Discordant coastline</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E6%B0%B4%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8" title="離水海岸">離水海岸</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feeder_bluff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feeder bluff（页面不存在）">Feeder bluff</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feeder_bluff" class="extiw" title="en:Feeder bluff">Feeder bluff</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%B9%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="吹程（页面不存在）">吹程</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetch_(geography)" class="extiw" title="en:Fetch (geography)">Fetch (geography)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E5%9E%A3%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平垣海岸（页面不存在）">平垣海岸</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_coast" class="extiw" title="en:Flat coast">Flat coast</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graded_shoreline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graded shoreline（页面不存在）">Graded shoreline</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graded_shoreline" class="extiw" title="en:Graded shoreline">Graded shoreline</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingression_coast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingression coast（页面不存在）">Ingression coast</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingression_coast" class="extiw" title="en:Ingression coast">Ingression coast</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Large-scale_coastal_behaviour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Large-scale coastal behaviour（页面不存在）">Large-scale coastal behaviour</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large-scale_coastal_behaviour" class="extiw" title="en:Large-scale coastal behaviour">Large-scale coastal behaviour</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8%E6%B5%81" title="沿岸流">沿岸流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E9%80%80" title="海退">海退</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E4%BE%B5" title="海侵">海侵</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raised_shoreline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raised shoreline（页面不存在）">Raised shoreline</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raised_shoreline" class="extiw" title="en:Raised shoreline">Raised shoreline</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%B2%B8%E6%B5%81" title="離岸流">離岸流</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocky_shore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rocky shore（页面不存在）">Rocky shore</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_shore" class="extiw" title="en:Rocky shore">Rocky shore</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%9D%95%E6%B4%9E" title="海蝕洞">海蝕洞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A1%E6%B2%AB%E6%B5%B7%E6%B5%AA" title="泡沫海浪">泡沫海浪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%B4%B2" title="沙洲">沙洲</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peresyp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peresyp（页面不存在）">Peresyp</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peresyp" class="extiw" title="en:Peresyp">Peresyp</a>）)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%A1%E5%B2%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="陡岸（页面不存在）">陡岸</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steep_coast" class="extiw" title="en:Steep coast">Steep coast</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E6%B2%89%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="下沉海岸（页面不存在）">下沉海岸</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submergent_coastline" class="extiw" title="en:Submergent coastline">Submergent coastline</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_break&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surf break（页面不存在）">Surf break</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surf_break" class="extiw" title="en:Surf break">Surf break</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surf_zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surf zone（页面不存在）">Surf zone</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surf_zone" class="extiw" title="en:Surf zone">Surf zone</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surge_channel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surge channel（页面不存在）">Surge channel</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surge_channel" class="extiw" title="en:Surge channel">Surge channel</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%96%E6%B4%97_(%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沖洗 (海岸)（页面不存在）">沖洗</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swash" class="extiw" title="en:Swash">Swash</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9E%E6%8D%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="回捲（页面不存在）">回捲</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undertow_(water_waves)" class="extiw" title="en:Undertow (water waves)">Undertow (water waves)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%BC%A7" title="火山弧">火山弧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%9D%95%E5%B9%B3%E8%87%BA" title="海蝕平臺">海蝕平臺</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wave_shoaling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wave shoaling（页面不存在）">Wave shoaling</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_shoaling" class="extiw" title="en:Wave shoaling">Wave shoaling</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%BF%A4" title="波濤">波濤</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="海岸管理">管理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%96%E7%A9%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沖積（页面不存在）">沖積</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accretion_(coastal_management)" class="extiw" title="en:Accretion (coastal management)">Accretion (coastal management)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="海岸管理">海岸管理</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E5%8D%80%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="綜合海岸區管理（页面不存在）">綜合海岸區管理</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_coastal_zone_management" class="extiw" title="en:Integrated coastal zone management">Integrated coastal zone management</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%B9%E6%B2%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="淹沒（页面不存在）">淹沒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submersion_(coastal_management)" class="extiw" title="en:Submersion (coastal management)">Submersion (coastal management)</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关条目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%A4%E5%B2%B8%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="堤岸線（页面不存在）">堤岸線</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulkhead_line" class="extiw" title="en:Bulkhead line">Bulkhead line</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coastal_engineering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coastal engineering（页面不存在）">Coastal engineering</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_engineering" class="extiw" title="en:Coastal engineering">Coastal engineering</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%BE%91" title="粒徑">粒徑</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E7%9F%B3" title="巨石">巨石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E5%9C%9F" title="黏土">黏土</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%93%E7%9F%B3_(%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圓石 (地質學)（页面不存在）">圓石</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobble_(geology)" class="extiw" title="en:Cobble (geology)">Cobble (geology)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A1%86%E7%B2%92_(%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="顆粒 (地質學)（页面不存在）">顆粒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granule_(geology)" class="extiw" title="en:Granule (geology)">Granule (geology)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%BE%E7%9F%B3" title="砾石">砾石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B5%E7%9F%B3" title="卵石">卵石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99" title="沙">沙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B5%9D%E5%8D%B5%E7%9F%B3%E6%B5%B7%E7%81%98" title="鵝卵石海灘">鵝卵石海灘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A4%E6%B3%A5" title="淤泥">淤泥</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E9%96%93%E5%B8%B6" title="潮間帶">潮間帶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8%E5%B8%A6" title="沿岸带">沿岸带</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="物理海洋学">物理海洋学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_plume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="River plume（页面不存在）">River plume</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_plume" class="extiw" title="en:River plume">River plume</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="淡水影響區（页面不存在）">淡水影響區</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_of_freshwater_influence" class="extiw" title="en:Region of freshwater influence">Region of freshwater influence</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:海岸地理学">分類</a></li> <li><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coastal_geomorphology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Coastal geomorphology">共享資源</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="湿地" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #c7d378"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%BF%95%E5%9C%B0" title="Template:濕地"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%BF%95%E5%9C%B0" title="Template talk:濕地"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%BF%95%E5%9C%B0" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:濕地"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="湿地" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%BF%E5%9C%B0" title="湿地">湿地</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">一般</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%9F%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="水生植物">水生植物</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E6%B0%B4%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%9F%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="沉水性水生植物">沉水性水生植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E8%91%89%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%9F%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="浮葉性水生植物">浮葉性水生植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%BA%E6%B0%B4%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%9F%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="挺水性水生植物">挺水性水生植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%82%E6%B5%AE%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%9F%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="漂浮性水生植物">漂浮性水生植物</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%9F%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="水生動物">水生動物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F" title="流域">流域</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%85%E7%A9%B4" title="锅穴">锅穴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8F%A3" title="河口">河口</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BC%E6%B0%A3" title="沼氣">沼氣</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">階段演化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%BF%E5%9C%B0" title="湿地">湿地</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E6%B9%BF%E5%9C%B0" title="河流湿地">河流濕地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%B2%B8%E5%B8%A6" title="河岸带">河岸湿地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%B9%BF%E5%9C%B0" title="人工湿地">人工濕地</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_wetland" class="extiw" title="en:Constructed wetland">Constructed wetland</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E6%B4%B2" title="三角洲">三角洲濕地</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%A3%E7%AF%80%E6%80%A7%E6%B1%A0%E5%A1%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="季節性池塘（页面不存在）">季節性池塘</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernal_pool" class="extiw" title="en:Vernal pool">Vernal pool</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BC%E6%B3%BD" title="沼泽">沼泽</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BD%E9%B9%BC%E7%81%98" title="鹽鹼灘">鹽沼</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E8%B4%A8%E6%B3%A5%E7%82%AD%E6%B2%BC%E6%B3%BD" title="矿质泥炭沼泽">矿质泥炭沼泽</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E6%B2%BC" title="草沼">草沼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%91%E6%B2%BC" title="树沼">树沼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9A%E8%8B%94%E6%B2%BC" title="厚苔沼">厚苔沼</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%9D%E8%91%89%E6%B2%BC%E6%BE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="針葉沼澤（页面不存在）">針葉沼澤</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coniferous_swamp" class="extiw" title="en:Coniferous swamp">Coniferous swamp</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%8C%E6%9C%A8%E6%B2%BC%E6%BE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="灌木沼澤（页面不存在）">灌木沼澤</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrub_swamp" class="extiw" title="en:Shrub swamp">Shrub swamp</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%BC%E6%BE%A4" title="淡水沼澤">淡水沼澤</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%BC%E6%BE%A4%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97" title="淡水沼澤森林">淡水沼澤森林</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%9C%A8%E6%BE%A4_(%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8)" title="灌木澤 (北美南部)">浅滩沼泽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%BD%8D%E6%B2%BC%E6%BE%A4" title="高位沼澤">高位沼澤</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">苦鹹水沼澤</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E6%80%A7%E6%B3%A5%E7%82%AD%E6%B2%BC%E6%B3%BD" title="酸性泥炭沼泽">酸性泥炭沼泽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%82%AD%E6%B2%BC%E6%BE%A4%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97" title="泥炭沼澤森林">泥炭沼澤森林</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E7%94%B8" title="草甸">草甸</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%86%E5%8E%9F" title="蘆原">蘆原</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%95%E8%8D%89%E7%94%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="濕草甸（页面不存在）">濕草甸</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_meadow" class="extiw" title="en:Wet meadow">Wet meadow</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%BE%E8%8D%89%E7%94%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乾草甸（页面不存在）">乾草甸</a>（德语：<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trockenrasen" class="extiw" title="de:Trockenrasen">Trockenrasen</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E8%8D%89%E7%94%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水草甸（页面不存在）">水草甸</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water-meadow" class="extiw" title="en:Water-meadow">Water-meadow</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%B1%E8%8D%89%E7%94%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="花草甸（页面不存在）">花草甸</a>（德语：<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blumenwiese" class="extiw" title="de:Blumenwiese">Blumenwiese</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A7%E7%98%A0%E8%8D%89%E7%94%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貧瘠草甸（页面不存在）">貧瘠草甸</a>（德语：<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magerrasen" class="extiw" title="de:Magerrasen">Magerrasen</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%A5%E6%B2%83%E8%8D%89%E7%94%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肥沃草甸（页面不存在）">肥沃草甸</a>（德语：<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fettwiese" class="extiw" title="de:Fettwiese">Fettwiese</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4%E8%8D%89%E7%94%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洪水草甸（页面不存在）">洪水草甸</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood-meadow" class="extiw" title="en:Flood-meadow">Flood-meadow</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E8%8D%89%E8%8D%89%E7%94%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海草草甸（页面不存在）">海草草甸</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagrass_meadow" class="extiw" title="en:Seagrass meadow">Seagrass meadow</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%BF%E6%B5%B7%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沿海草地（页面不存在）">沿海草地</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_meadow" class="extiw" title="en:Coastal meadow">Coastal meadow</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E7%81%98%E8%8D%89%E7%94%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海灘草甸（页面不存在）">海灘草甸</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_meadow" class="extiw" title="en:Beach meadow">Beach meadow</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%B1%E8%8D%89%E7%94%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高山草甸（页面不存在）">高山草甸</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_tundra" class="extiw" title="en:Alpine tundra">Alpine tundra</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%90%E6%9E%97%E8%8D%89%E7%94%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="豐林草甸（页面不存在）">豐林草甸</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wooded_meadow" class="extiw" title="en:Wooded meadow">Wooded meadow</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%9C%E5%9C%92%E8%8D%89%E7%94%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="果園草甸（页面不存在）">果園草甸</a>（德语：<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streuobstwiese" class="extiw" title="de:Streuobstwiese">Streuobstwiese</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8B%AA%E6%A3%9A%E8%8D%89%E6%96%99%E8%8D%89%E7%94%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鋪棚草料草甸（页面不存在）">鋪棚草料草甸</a>（德语：<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magerrasen" class="extiw" title="de:Magerrasen">Magerrasen</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%BE%E6%BF%AB%E8%8D%89%E7%94%B8%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%BE%E6%BF%AB%E7%A8%80%E6%9E%97" title="氾濫草甸和氾濫稀林">氾濫草甸和氾濫稀林</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">分类系统</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%BF%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="湿地分类（页面不存在）">湿地分类</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland_classification" class="extiw" title="en:Wetland classification">Wetland classification</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%BF%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="湿地公约">湿地公约</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">組織</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%BF%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85" title="湿地国际">湿地国际</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" title="湿地科学家学会">濕地科學家學會</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=苦鹹水沼澤&oldid=80150948">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=苦鹹水沼澤&oldid=80150948</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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