CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: A. Jeyapaul Murugan</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: A. Jeyapaul Murugan"> <meta name="keywords" content="A. Jeyapaul Murugan"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="A. Jeyapaul Murugan" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="A. Jeyapaul Murugan"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 17</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: A. Jeyapaul Murugan</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> An Efficient FPGA Realization of Fir Filter Using Distributed Arithmetic </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Iruleswari">M. Iruleswari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Jeyapaul%20Murugan"> A. Jeyapaul Murugan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most fundamental part used in many Digital Signal Processing (DSP) application is a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter because of its linear phase, stability and regular structure. Designing a high-speed and hardware efficient FIR filter is a very challenging task as the complexity increases with the filter order. In most applications the higher order filters are required but the memory usage of the filter increases exponentially with the order of the filter. Using multipliers occupy a large chip area and need high computation time. Multiplier-less memory-based techniques have gained popularity over past two decades due to their high throughput processing capability and reduced dynamic power consumption. This paper describes the design and implementation of highly efficient Look-Up Table (LUT) based circuit for the implementation of FIR filter using Distributed arithmetic algorithm. It is a multiplier less FIR filter. The LUT can be subdivided into a number of LUT to reduce the memory usage of the LUT for higher order filter. Analysis on the performance of various filter orders with different address length is done using Xilinx 14.5 synthesis tool. The proposed design provides less latency, less memory usage and high throughput. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20impulse%20response" title="finite impulse response">finite impulse response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20arithmetic" title=" distributed arithmetic"> distributed arithmetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20programmable%20gate%20array" title=" field programmable gate array"> field programmable gate array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=look-up%20table" title=" look-up table"> look-up table</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51854/an-efficient-fpga-realization-of-fir-filter-using-distributed-arithmetic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> A Novel Approach for Energy Utilisation in a Pyrolysis Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Murugan">S. Murugan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bohumil%20Horak"> Bohumil Horak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pyrolysis is one of the possible technologies to derive energy from waste organic substances. In recent years, pilot level and demonstrated plants have been installed in few countries. The heat energy lost during the process is not effectively utilized resulting in less savings of energy and money. This paper proposes a novel approach to integrate a combined heat and power unit(CHP) and reduce the primary energy consumption in a tyre pyrolysis pilot plant. The proposal primarily uses the micro combined heat and power concept that will help to produce both heat and power in the process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title="pyrolysis">pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20tyres" title=" waste tyres"> waste tyres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20plastics" title=" waste plastics"> waste plastics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20heat" title=" waste heat"> waste heat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28362/a-novel-approach-for-energy-utilisation-in-a-pyrolysis-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Performance Analysis of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System with Alternate Refrigerants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Parthiban">K. Parthiban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Pradeep"> P. Pradeep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Pon%20Surya%20Prakash"> I. Pon Surya Prakash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Vinoth"> S. Vinoth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Murugan"> A. Murugan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aim of this project is to analyze the performance of vapor compression refrigeration system with alternate refrigerants. Currently we are using R134a as refrigerant. It is used in both household and industrial appliances as refrigerant. It has an advantage that the ozone depletion potential is zero i.e. R134a does not affects ozone layer. But its Global warming potential is considerably high. Also the compressor failure occurs frequently. Hence this project deals with how the performance of R134a varies with blended refrigerants such as R416a and R407c. This analysis is based on how much the Co-efficient of Performance (COP) varies with different refrigerants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressor" title="compressor">compressor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condenser" title=" condenser"> condenser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansion%20valve" title=" expansion valve"> expansion valve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporator" title=" evaporator"> evaporator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28551/performance-analysis-of-vapour-compression-refrigeration-system-with-alternate-refrigerants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28551.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Large Time Asymptotic Behavior to Solutions of a Forced Burgers Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satyanarayana%20Engu">Satyanarayana Engu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Mohd"> Ahmed Mohd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Murugan"> V. Murugan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We study the large time asymptotics of solutions to the Cauchy problem for a forced Burgers equation (FBE) with the initial data, which is continuous and summable on R. For which, we first derive explicit solutions of FBE assuming a different class of initial data in terms of Hermite polynomials. Later, by violating this assumption we prove the existence of a solution to the considered Cauchy problem. Finally, we give an asymptotic approximate solution and establish that the error will be of order O(t^(-1/2)) with respect to L^p -norm, where 1≤p≤∞, for large time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burgers%20equation" title="Burgers equation">Burgers equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cole-Hopf%20transformation" title=" Cole-Hopf transformation"> Cole-Hopf transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hermite%20polynomials" title=" Hermite polynomials"> Hermite polynomials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20time%20asymptotics" title=" large time asymptotics"> large time asymptotics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65872/large-time-asymptotic-behavior-to-solutions-of-a-forced-burgers-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Estimation and Restoration of Ill-Posed Parameters for Underwater Motion Blurred Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Vimal%20Raj">M. Vimal Raj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sakthivel%20Murugan"> S. Sakthivel Murugan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Underwater images degrade their quality due to atmospheric conditions. One of the major problems in an underwater image is motion blur caused by the imaging device or the movement of the object. In order to rectify that in post-imaging, parameters of the blurred image are to be estimated. So, the point spread function is estimated by the properties, using the spectrum of the image. To improve the estimation accuracy of the parameters, Optimized Polynomial Lagrange Interpolation (OPLI) method is implemented after the angle and length measurement of motion-blurred images. Initially, the data were collected from real-time environments in Chennai and processed. The proposed OPLI method shows better accuracy than the existing classical Cepstral, Hough, and Radon transform estimation methods for underwater images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20restoration" title="image restoration">image restoration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motion%20blur" title=" motion blur"> motion blur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter%20estimation" title=" parameter estimation"> parameter estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon%20transform" title=" radon transform"> radon transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underwater" title=" underwater"> underwater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142445/estimation-and-restoration-of-ill-posed-parameters-for-underwater-motion-blurred-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142445.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Plasma Gasification as a Sustainable Way for Energy Recovery from Scrap Tyre </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gloria%20James">Gloria James</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Nema"> S. K. Nema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20S.%20Anantha%20Singh"> T. S. Anantha Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Vadivel%20Murugan"> P. Vadivel Murugan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The usage of tyre has increased enormously in day to day life. The used tyre and rubber products pose major threat to the environment. Conventional thermal techniques such as low temperature pyrolysis and incineration produce high molecular organic compounds (condensed and collected as aromatic oil) and carbon soot particles. Plasma gasification technique can dispose tyre waste and generate combustible gases and avoid the formation of high molecular aromatic compounds. These gases generated in plasma gasification process can be used to generate electricity or as fuel wherever required. Although many experiments have been done on plasma pyrolysis of tyres, very little work has been done on plasma gasification of tyres. In this work plasma gasification of waste tyres have been conducted in a fixed bed reactor having graphite electrodes and direct current (DC) arc plasma system. The output of this work has been compared with the previous work done on plasma pyrolysis of tyres by different authors. The aim of this work is to compare different process based on gas generation, efficiency of the process and explore the most effective option for energy recovery from waste tyres. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma" title="plasma">plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gasification" title=" gasification"> gasification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syngas" title=" syngas"> syngas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tyre%20waste" title=" tyre waste"> tyre waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103318/plasma-gasification-as-a-sustainable-way-for-energy-recovery-from-scrap-tyre" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103318.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> ZnMn₂O₄ / Carbon Composite Recycled from Spent Zinc-Carbon Batteries for Zn-Air Battery Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nivedha%20L.%20K.">Nivedha L. K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhinesh%20Kumar%20Murugaiah"> Dhinesh Kumar Murugaiah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganapathi%20Rao%20Kandregula"> Ganapathi Rao Kandregula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raja%20Murugan"> Raja Murugan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kothandaraman%20R."> Kothandaraman R.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ZnMn₂O₄, a non-precious metal catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), was recycled from the spent primary Zn-C battery and utilized in the zinc-air battery. Catalysts exhibiting facile ORR kinetics are a requirement for building efficient Zinc-air batteries. ZnMn₂O₄ demonstrated excellent catalytic activity towards ORR in an aqueous alkaline medium, with an onset potential of 0. 90 V vs. RHE. The recycled ZnMn₂O₄ manifested a similar performance (at ~ 1.0 V) as the chemically synthesized one with a specific capacity of 210 mAh gzn-¹ at a constant current discharge of 15 mA cm-². A single electrode potential study was done to comprehend the losses at the electrodes and to identify the limiting electrode. Interestingly, the cathode was improving during discharge, which is in contrast to the expectation due to the accumulation of peroxide around the catalytic layer. Although the anode has exhibited minimal polarization, beyond a capacity of 210 mAh g-¹, the supersaturation of electrolyte occurs with zincate ion causing precipitation of ZnO on the cell components, thereby leading to sudden polarization of the cell and hence zinc electrode act as a limiting electrode in this system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20recycling" title="battery recycling">battery recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20reduction%20reaction" title=" oxygen reduction reaction"> oxygen reduction reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20electrode%20measurement" title=" single electrode measurement"> single electrode measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zn-air%20battery" title=" Zn-air battery"> Zn-air battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnMn%E2%82%82O%E2%82%84%20recovery" title=" ZnMn₂O₄ recovery"> ZnMn₂O₄ recovery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165897/znmn2o4-carbon-composite-recycled-from-spent-zinc-carbon-batteries-for-zn-air-battery-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Enhancement of Underwater Haze Image with Edge Reveal Using Pixel Normalization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Dhana%20Lakshmi">M. Dhana Lakshmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sakthivel%20Murugan"> S. Sakthivel Murugan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As light passes from source to observer in the water medium, it is scattered by the suspended particulate matter. This scattering effect will plague the captured images with non-uniform illumination, blurring details, halo artefacts, weak edges, etc. To overcome this, pixel normalization with an Amended Unsharp Mask (AUM) filter is proposed to enhance the degraded image. To validate the robustness of the proposed technique irrespective of atmospheric light, the considered datasets are collected on dual locations. For those images, the maxima and minima pixel intensity value is computed and normalized; then the AUM filter is applied to strengthen the blurred edges. Finally, the enhanced image is obtained with good illumination and contrast. Thus, the proposed technique removes the effect of scattering called de-hazing and restores the perceptual information with enhanced edge detail. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses are done on considering the standard non-reference metric called underwater image sharpness measure (UISM), and underwater image quality measure (UIQM) is used to measure color, sharpness, and contrast for both of the location images. It is observed that the proposed technique has shown overwhelming performance compared to other deep-based enhancement networks and traditional techniques in an adaptive manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underwater%20drone%20imagery" title="underwater drone imagery">underwater drone imagery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pixel%20normalization" title=" pixel normalization"> pixel normalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thresholding" title=" thresholding"> thresholding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=masking" title=" masking"> masking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsharp%20mask%20filter" title=" unsharp mask filter"> unsharp mask filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142413/enhancement-of-underwater-haze-image-with-edge-reveal-using-pixel-normalization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142413.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Large Eddy Simulations for Flow Blurring Twin-Fluid Atomization Concept Using Volume of Fluid Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raju%20Murugan">Raju Murugan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pankaj%20S.%20Kolhe"> Pankaj S. Kolhe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study is mainly focusing on the numerical simulation of Flow Blurring (FB) twin fluid injection concept was proposed by Ganan-Calvo, which involves back flow atomization based on global bifurcation of liquid and gas streams, thus creating two-phase flow near the injector exit. The interesting feature of FB injector spray is an insignificant effect of variation in atomizing air to liquid ratio (ALR) on a spray cone angle. Besides, FB injectors produce a nearly uniform spatial distribution of mean droplet diameter and are least susceptible to variation in thermo-physical properties of fuels, making it a perfect candidate for fuel flexible combustor development. The FB injector working principle has been realized through experimental flow visualization techniques only. The present study explores potential of ANSYS Fluent based Large Eddy Simulation(LES) with volume of fluid (VOF) method to investigate two-phase flow just upstream of injector dump plane and spray quality immediate downstream of injector dump plane. Note that, water and air represent liquid and gas phase in all simulations and ALR is varied by changing the air mass flow rate alone. Preliminary results capture two phase flow just upstream of injector dump plane and qualitative agreement is observed with the available experimental literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20blurring%20twin%20fluid%20atomization" title="flow blurring twin fluid atomization">flow blurring twin fluid atomization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20eddy%20simulation" title=" large eddy simulation"> large eddy simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume%20of%20fluid" title=" volume of fluid"> volume of fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20to%20liquid%20ratio" title=" air to liquid ratio"> air to liquid ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82587/large-eddy-simulations-for-flow-blurring-twin-fluid-atomization-concept-using-volume-of-fluid-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82587.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> An Analytical Study on the Effect of Chronic Liver Disease Severity and Etiology on Lipid Profiles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thinakar%20Mani%20Balusamy">Thinakar Mani Balusamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkateswaran%20A.%20R."> Venkateswaran A. R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharat%20Narasimhan"> Bharat Narasimhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratnakar%20Kini%20S."> Ratnakar Kini S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kani%20Sheikh%20M."> Kani Sheikh M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Kumar%20K."> Prem Kumar K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pugazhendi%20Thangavelu"> Pugazhendi Thangavelu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arun%20Murugan"> Arun Murugan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sibi%20Thooran%20Karmegam"> Sibi Thooran Karmegam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radhakrishnan%20N."> Radhakrishnan N.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Noufal"> Mohammed Noufal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Soni"> Amit Soni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Aims: The liver is integral to lipid metabolism, and a compromise in its function leads to perturbations in these pathways. In this study, we hope to determine the correlation between CLD severity and its effect on lipid parameters. We also look at the etiology-specific effects on lipid levels. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 250 patients with cirrhosis compared to 250 healthy age and sex-matched controls. Severity assessment of CLD using MELD and Child-Pugh scores was performed and etiological details collected. A questionnaire was used to obtain patient demographic details and lastly, a fasting lipid profile (Total, LDL, HDL cholesterol, Triglycerides and VLDL) was obtained. Results: All components of the lipid profile declined linearly with increasing severity of CLD as determined by MELD and Child-Pugh scores. Lipid levels were clearly lower in CLD patients as compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, preliminary analysis indicated that CLD of different etiologies had differential effects on Lipid profiles. This aspect is under further analysis. Conclusion: All components of the lipid profile were definitely lower in CLD patients as compared to controls and demonstrated an inverse correlation with increasing severity. The utilization of this parameter as a prognosticating aid requires further study. Additionally, preliminary analysis indicates that various CLD etiologies appear to have specific effects on the lipid profile – a finding under further analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CLD" title="CLD">CLD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholesterol" title=" cholesterol"> cholesterol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HDL" title=" HDL"> HDL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LDL" title=" LDL"> LDL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20profile" title=" lipid profile"> lipid profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triglycerides" title=" triglycerides"> triglycerides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VLDL" title=" VLDL"> VLDL</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81615/an-analytical-study-on-the-effect-of-chronic-liver-disease-severity-and-etiology-on-lipid-profiles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Local Directional Encoded Derivative Binary Pattern Based Coral Image Classification Using Weighted Distance Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annalakshmi%20G.">Annalakshmi G.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakthivel%20Murugan%20S."> Sakthivel Murugan S.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a local directional encoded derivative binary pattern (LDEDBP) feature extraction method that can be applied for the classification of submarine coral reef images. The classification of coral reef images using texture features is difficult due to the dissimilarities in class samples. In coral reef image classification, texture features are extracted using the proposed method called local directional encoded derivative binary pattern (LDEDBP). The proposed approach extracts the complete structural arrangement of the local region using local binary batten (LBP) and also extracts the edge information using local directional pattern (LDP) from the edge response available in a particular region, thereby achieving extra discriminative feature value. Typically the LDP extracts the edge details in all eight directions. The process of integrating edge responses along with the local binary pattern achieves a more robust texture descriptor than the other descriptors used in texture feature extraction methods. Finally, the proposed technique is applied to an extreme learning machine (ELM) method with a meta-heuristic algorithm known as weighted distance grey wolf optimizer (GWO) to optimize the input weight and biases of single-hidden-layer feed-forward neural networks (SLFN). In the empirical results, ELM-WDGWO demonstrated their better performance in terms of accuracy on all coral datasets, namely RSMAS, EILAT, EILAT2, and MLC, compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms. The proposed method achieves the highest overall classification accuracy of 94% compared to the other state of art methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20extraction" title="feature extraction">feature extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20directional%20pattern" title=" local directional pattern"> local directional pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ELM%20classifier" title=" ELM classifier"> ELM classifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GWO%20optimization" title=" GWO optimization"> GWO optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142439/local-directional-encoded-derivative-binary-pattern-based-coral-image-classification-using-weighted-distance-gray-wolf-optimization-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142439.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Achieving Appropriate Use of Antibiotics through Pharmacists’ Intervention at Practice Point: An Indian Study Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parimalakrishnan%20Sundararjan">Parimalakrishnan Sundararjan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madheswaran%20Murugan"> Madheswaran Murugan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhanya%20Dharman"> Dhanya Dharman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yatindra%20Kumar"> Yatindra Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudhir%20Singh%20Gangwar"> Sudhir Singh Gangwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guru%20Prasad%20Mohanta"> Guru Prasad Mohanta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Antibiotic resistance AR is a global issue, India started to redress the issues of antibiotic resistance late and it plans to have: active surveillance of microbial resistance and promote appropriate use of antibiotics. The present study attempted to achieve appropriate use of antibiotics through pharmacists’ intervention at practice point. In a quasi-experimental prospective cohort study, the cases with bacteremia from four hospitals were identified during 2015 and 2016 for intervention. The pharmacists centered intervention: active screening of each prescription and comparing with the selection of antibiotics with susceptibility of the bacteria. Wherever irrationality noticed, it was brought to the notice of the treating physician for making changes. There were two groups: intervention group and control group without intervention. The active screening and intervention in 915 patients has reduced therapeutic regimen time in patients with bacteremia. The intervention group showed the decreased duration of hospital stay 3.4 days from 5.1 days. Further, multivariate modeling of patients who were in control group showed that patients in the intervention group had a significant decrease in both duration of hospital stay and infection-related mortality. Unlike developed countries, pharmacists are not active partners in patient care in India. This unique attempt of pharmacist’ invention was planned in consultation with hospital authorities which proved beneficial in terms of reducing the duration of treatment, hospital stay, and infection-related mortality. This establishes the need for a collaborative decision making among the health workforce in patient care at least for promoting rational use of antibiotics, an attempt to combat resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotics%20resistance" title="antibiotics resistance">antibiotics resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intervention" title=" intervention"> intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteremia" title=" bacteremia"> bacteremia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multivariate%20modeling" title=" multivariate modeling "> multivariate modeling </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85711/achieving-appropriate-use-of-antibiotics-through-pharmacists-intervention-at-practice-point-an-indian-study-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Aberrant Genome‐Wide DNA Methylation Profiles of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inam%20Ridha">Inam Ridha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christine%20L.%20Kuryla"> Christine L. Kuryla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhuranga%20Thilakasiri%20Madugoda%20Ralalage%20Don"> Madhuranga Thilakasiri Madugoda Ralalage Don</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norman%20J.%20Kleiman"> Norman J. Kleiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunro%20Chung"> Yunro Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Park"> Jin Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vel%20Murugan"> Vel Murugan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshua%20LaBaer"> Joshua LaBaer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To date, more than 275 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with COVID-19 and the rapid spread of the omicron variant suggests many millions more will soon become infected. Many infections are asymptomatic, while others result in mild to moderate illness. Unfortunately, some infected individuals exhibit more serious symptoms including respiratory distress, thrombosis, cardiovascular disease, multi-organ failure, cognitive difficulties, and, in roughly 2% of cases, death. Studies indicate other coronaviruses can alter the host cell's epigenetic profile and lead to alterations in the immune response. To better understand the mechanism(s) by which SARS-CoV-2 infection causes serious illness, DNA methylation profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 90 hospitalized severely ill COVID-19 patients were compared to profiles from uninfected control subjects. Exploratory epigenome-wide DNA methylation analyses were performed using multiplexed methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) followed by pathway enrichment analysis. The findings demonstrated significant DNA methylation changes in infected individuals as compared to uninfected controls. Pathway analysis indicated that apoptosis, cell cycle control, Toll-like receptors (TLR), cytokine interactions, and T cell differentiation were among the most affected metabolic processes. In addition, changes in specific gene methylation were compared to SARS-CoV-2 induced changes in RNA expression using published RNA-seq data from 3 patients with severe COVID-19. These findings demonstrate significant correlations between differentially methylated and differentially expressed genes in a number of critical pathways. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID19" title="COVID19">COVID19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epigenetics" title=" epigenetics"> epigenetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20mathylation" title=" DNA mathylation"> DNA mathylation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viral%20infection" title=" viral infection"> viral infection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146934/aberrant-genomewide-dna-methylation-profiles-of-peripheral-blood-mononuclear-cells-from-patients-hospitalized-with-covid-19" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Development and Validation of a Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Quantification of Related Substance in Gentamicin Drug Substances</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofiqul%20Islam">Sofiqul Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Murugan"> V. Murugan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prema%20Kumari"> Prema Kumari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hari"> Hari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gentamicin is a broad spectrum water-soluble aminoglycoside antibiotics produced by the fermentation process of microorganism known as Micromonospora purpurea. It is widely used for the treatment of infection caused by both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Gentamicin consists of a mixture of aminoglycoside components like C1, C1a, C2a, and C2. The molecular structure of Gentamicin and its related substances showed that it has lack of presence of chromophore group in the molecule due to which the detection of such components were quite critical and challenging. In this study, a simple Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method using ultraviolet (UV) detector was developed and validated for quantification of the related substances present in Gentamicin drug substances. The method was achieved by using Thermo Scientific Hypersil Gold analytical column (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm particle size) with isocratic elution composed of methanol: water: glacial acetic acid: sodium hexane sulfonate in the ratio 70:25:5:3 % v/v/v/w as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, column temperature was maintained at 30 °C and detection wavelength of 330 nm. The four components of Gentamicin namely Gentamicin C1, C1a, C2a, and C2 were well separated along with the related substance present in Gentamicin. The Limit of Quantification (LOQ) values were found to be at 0.0075 mg/mL. The accuracy of the method was quite satisfactory in which the % recovery was resulted between 95-105% for the related substances. The correlation coefficient (≥ 0.995) shows the linearity response against concentration over the range of Limit of Quantification (LOQ). Precision studies showed the % Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) values less than 5% for its related substance. The method was validated in accordance with the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guideline with various parameters like system suitability, specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy, limit of quantification, and robustness. This proposed method was easy and suitable for use for the quantification of related substances in routine analysis of Gentamicin formulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reversed%20phase-high%20performance%20liquid%20chromatographic%20%28RP-HPLC%29" title="reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC)">reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20performance%20liquid%20chromatography" title=" high performance liquid chromatography"> high performance liquid chromatography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gentamicin" title=" gentamicin"> gentamicin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isocratic" title=" isocratic"> isocratic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultraviolet" title=" ultraviolet"> ultraviolet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97993/development-and-validation-of-a-liquid-chromatographic-method-for-the-quantification-of-related-substance-in-gentamicin-drug-substances" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Valorization of Mineralogical Byproduct TiO₂ Using Photocatalytic Degradation of Organo-Sulfur Industrial Effluent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harish%20Kuruva">Harish Kuruva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vedasri%20Bai%20Khavala"> Vedasri Bai Khavala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tiju%20Thomas"> Tiju Thomas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Murugan"> K. Murugan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20S.%20Murty"> B. S. Murty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industries are growing day to day to increase the economy of the country. The biggest problem with industries is wastewater treatment. Releasing these wastewater directly into the river is more harmful to human life and a threat to aquatic life. These industrial effluents contain many dissolved solids, organic/inorganic compounds, salts, toxic metals, etc. Phenols, pesticides, dioxins, herbicides, pharmaceuticals, and textile dyes were the types of industrial effluents and more challenging to degrade eco-friendly. So many advanced techniques like electrochemical, oxidation process, and valorization have been applied for industrial wastewater treatment, but these are not cost-effective. Industrial effluent degradation is complicated compared to commercially available pollutants (dyes) like methylene blue, methylene orange, rhodamine B, etc. TiO₂ is one of the widely used photocatalysts which can degrade organic compounds using solar light and moisture available in the environment (organic compounds converted to CO₂ and H₂O). TiO₂ is widely studied in photocatalysis because of its low cost, non-toxic, high availability, and chemically and physically stable in the atmosphere. This study mainly focused on valorizing the mineralogical product TiO₂ (IREL, India). This mineralogical graded TiO₂ was characterized and compared with its structural and photocatalytic properties (industrial effluent degradation) with the commercially available Degussa P-25 TiO₂. It was testified that this mineralogical TiO₂ has the best photocatalytic properties (particle shape - spherical, size - 30±5 nm, surface area - 98.19 m²/g, bandgap - 3.2 eV, phase - 95% anatase, and 5% rutile). The industrial effluent was characterized by TDS (total dissolved solids), ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectroscopy), CHNS (Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and sulfur) analyzer, and FT-IR (fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy). It was observed that it contains high sulfur (S=11.37±0.15%), organic compounds (C=4±0.1%, H=70.25±0.1%, N=10±0.1%), heavy metals, and other dissolved solids (60 g/L). However, the organo-sulfur industrial effluent was degraded by photocatalysis with the industrial mineralogical product TiO₂. In this study, the industrial effluent pH value (2.5 to 10), catalyst concentration (50 to 150 mg) were varied, and effluent concentration (0.5 Abs) and light exposure time (2 h) were maintained constant. The best degradation is about 80% of industrial effluent was achieved at pH 5 with a concentration of 150 mg - TiO₂. The FT-IR results and CHNS analyzer confirmed that the sulfur and organic compounds were degraded. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20treatment" title="wastewater treatment">wastewater treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20mineralogical%20product%20TiO%E2%82%82" title=" industrial mineralogical product TiO₂"> industrial mineralogical product TiO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalysis" title=" photocatalysis"> photocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organo-sulfur%20industrial%20effluent" title=" organo-sulfur industrial effluent"> organo-sulfur industrial effluent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158006/valorization-of-mineralogical-byproduct-tio2-using-photocatalytic-degradation-of-organo-sulfur-industrial-effluent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Development and Total Error Concept Validation of Common Analytical Method for Quantification of All Residual Solvents Present in Amino Acids by Gas Chromatography-Head Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ramachandra%20Reddy">A. Ramachandra Reddy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Murugan"> V. Murugan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prema%20Kumari"> Prema Kumari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Residual solvents in Pharmaceutical samples are monitored using gas chromatography with headspace (GC-HS). Based on current regulatory and compendial requirements, measuring the residual solvents are mandatory for all release testing of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). Generally, isopropyl alcohol is used as the residual solvent in proline and tryptophan; methanol in cysteine monohydrate hydrochloride, glycine, methionine and serine; ethanol in glycine and lysine monohydrate; acetic acid in methionine. In order to have a single method for determining these residual solvents (isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, methanol and acetic acid) in all these 7 amino acids a sensitive and simple method was developed by using gas chromatography headspace technique with flame ionization detection. During development, no reproducibility, retention time variation and bad peak shape of acetic acid peaks were identified due to the reaction of acetic acid with the stationary phase (cyanopropyl dimethyl polysiloxane phase) of column and dissociation of acetic acid with water (if diluent) while applying temperature gradient. Therefore, dimethyl sulfoxide was used as diluent to avoid these issues. But most the methods published for acetic acid quantification by GC-HS uses derivatisation technique to protect acetic acid. As per compendia, risk-based approach was selected as appropriate to determine the degree and extent of the validation process to assure the fitness of the procedure. Therefore, Total error concept was selected to validate the analytical procedure. An accuracy profile of ±40% was selected for lower level (quantitation limit level) and for other levels ±30% with 95% confidence interval (risk profile 5%). The method was developed using DB-Waxetr column manufactured by Agilent contains 530 µm internal diameter, thickness: 2.0 µm, and length: 30 m. A constant flow of 6.0 mL/min. with constant make up mode of Helium gas was selected as a carrier gas. The present method is simple, rapid, and accurate, which is suitable for rapid analysis of isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, methanol and acetic acid in amino acids. The range of the method for isopropyl alcohol is 50ppm to 200ppm, ethanol is 50ppm to 3000ppm, methanol is 50ppm to 400ppm and acetic acid 100ppm to 400ppm, which covers the specification limits provided in European pharmacopeia. The accuracy profile and risk profile generated as part of validation were found to be satisfactory. Therefore, this method can be used for testing of residual solvents in amino acids drug substances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amino%20acid" title="amino acid">amino acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=head%20space" title=" head space"> head space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20chromatography" title=" gas chromatography"> gas chromatography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20error" title=" total error"> total error</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98001/development-and-total-error-concept-validation-of-common-analytical-method-for-quantification-of-all-residual-solvents-present-in-amino-acids-by-gas-chromatography-head-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98001.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Hydrogen Purity: Developing Low-Level Sulphur Speciation Measurement Capability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sam%20Bartlett">Sam Bartlett</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Bacquart"> Thomas Bacquart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arul%20Murugan"> Arul Murugan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abigail%20Morris"> Abigail Morris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fuel cell electric vehicles provide the potential to decarbonise road transport, create new economic opportunities, diversify national energy supply, and significantly reduce the environmental impacts of road transport. A potential issue, however, is that the catalyst used at the fuel cell cathode is susceptible to degradation by impurities, especially sulphur-containing compounds. A recent European Directive (2014/94/EU) stipulates that, from November 2017, all hydrogen provided to fuel cell vehicles in Europe must comply with the hydrogen purity specifications listed in ISO 14687-2; this includes reactive and toxic chemicals such as ammonia and total sulphur-containing compounds. This requirement poses great analytical challenges due to the instability of some of these compounds in calibration gas standards at relatively low amount fractions and the difficulty associated with undertaking measurements of groups of compounds rather than individual compounds. Without the available reference materials and analytical infrastructure, hydrogen refuelling stations will not be able to demonstrate compliance to the ISO 14687 specifications. The hydrogen purity laboratory at NPL provides world leading, accredited purity measurements to allow hydrogen refuelling stations to evidence compliance to ISO 14687. Utilising state-of-the-art methods that have been developed by NPL’s hydrogen purity laboratory, including a novel method for measuring total sulphur compounds at 4 nmol/mol and a hydrogen impurity enrichment device, we provide the capabilities necessary to achieve these goals. An overview of these capabilities will be given in this paper. As part of the EMPIR Hydrogen co-normative project ‘Metrology for sustainable hydrogen energy applications’, NPL are developing a validated analytical methodology for the measurement of speciated sulphur-containing compounds in hydrogen at low amount fractions pmol/mol to nmol/mol) to allow identification and measurement of individual sulphur-containing impurities in real samples of hydrogen (opposed to a ‘total sulphur’ measurement). This is achieved by producing a suite of stable gravimetrically-prepared primary reference gas standards containing low amount fractions of sulphur-containing compounds (hydrogen sulphide, carbonyl sulphide, carbon disulphide, 2-methyl-2-propanethiol and tetrahydrothiophene have been selected for use in this study) to be used in conjunction with novel dynamic dilution facilities to enable generation of pmol/mol to nmol/mol level gas mixtures (a dynamic method is required as compounds at these levels would be unstable in gas cylinder mixtures). Method development and optimisation are performed using gas chromatographic techniques assisted by cryo-trapping technologies and coupled with sulphur chemiluminescence detection to allow improved qualitative and quantitative analyses of sulphur-containing impurities in hydrogen. The paper will review the state-of-the art gas standard preparation techniques, including the use and testing of dynamic dilution technologies for reactive chemical components in hydrogen. Method development will also be presented highlighting the advances in the measurement of speciated sulphur compounds in hydrogen at low amount fractions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20chromatography" title="gas chromatography">gas chromatography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20purity" title=" hydrogen purity"> hydrogen purity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO%2014687" title=" ISO 14687"> ISO 14687</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulphur%20chemiluminescence%20detector" title=" sulphur chemiluminescence detector"> sulphur chemiluminescence detector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70325/hydrogen-purity-developing-low-level-sulphur-speciation-measurement-capability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>