CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="XQ+JF2utMYerrFbwKENfROfZFpXY/b/YkQncYPusdE5UlgbEMyoRfhQ90IzuuGSOUp6Ji3hYfiepBqpa4il7uA==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="A new late Pleistocene archaeological sequence in South America: the Vale da Pedra Furada (Piauí, Brazil)" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2014/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Antiquity" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Christelle Lahaye" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/21682917/A_new_late_Pleistocene_archaeological_sequence_in_South_America_the_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil_" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="A new late Pleistocene archaeological sequence in South America: the Vale da Pedra Furada (Piauí, Brazil)" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/3426775/1165640/1459431/s200_christelle.lahaye.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/21682917/A_new_late_Pleistocene_archaeological_sequence_in_South_America_the_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil_" /> <meta property="og:title" content="A new late Pleistocene archaeological sequence in South America: the Vale da Pedra Furada (Piauí, Brazil)" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="A new late Pleistocene archaeological sequence in South America: the Vale da Pedra Furada (Piauí, Brazil)" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://u-bordeaux3.academia.edu/ChristelleLahaye" /> <meta name="description" content="A new late Pleistocene archaeological sequence in South America: the Vale da Pedra Furada (Piauí, Brazil)" /> <title>(PDF) A new late Pleistocene archaeological sequence in South America: the Vale da Pedra Furada (Piauí, Brazil) | Christelle Lahaye - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/21682917/A_new_late_Pleistocene_archaeological_sequence_in_South_America_the_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil_" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'f297fefd4bbdada52f299f8671745aacd5971870'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732894284000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732894284000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The date of the first settlement of the Americas remains a contentious subject. Previous claims for very early occupation at Pedra Furada in Brazil were not universally accepted (see Meltzeret al.1994). New work at the rockshelter of Boqueirão da Pedra Furada and at the nearby open-air site of Vale da Pedra Furada have however produced new evidence for human occupation extending back more than 20 000 years. The argument is supported by a series of14C and OSL dates, and by technical analysis of the stone tool assemblage. The authors conclude that the currently accepted narrative of human settlement in South America will have to be re-thought. The article is followed by a series of comments, rounded off by a reply from the authors.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Christelle Lahaye"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2016-02-08","dateModified":"2021-04-13","datePublished":"2014-01-01","headline":"A new late Pleistocene archaeological sequence in South America: the Vale da Pedra Furada (Piauí, Brazil)","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Archaeology","Antiquity"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Antiquity","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)"},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/21682917/A_new_late_Pleistocene_archaeological_sequence_in_South_America_the_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil_","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"u-bordeaux3"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "13e7392ea004b2dda698a16da2e8252702222530ea9f28fb7858150c8ceac6af", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="ezg5F7JgwqgTs9FNg6aCrBkUuhxRx0jcbAZV3W/pyZ9yobbE6ufiUawiVzFFXblmrFMlAvFiiSNUCSPndmzGaQ==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/21682917/A_new_late_Pleistocene_archaeological_sequence_in_South_America_the_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil_" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="b8T5YQyZR7w6Had8NIoPaxsYb2rozLp2AZD2X7M6OJpmXXayVB5nRYWMIQDycTShrl/wdEhpe4k5n4Blqr83bA==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-86832e264efa375cdd3fa5979579c95643bf6a5c1b20c95ec7a98005fcb4b9a4.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 3426775; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = true; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = true; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F21682917%2FA_new_late_Pleistocene_archaeological_sequence_in_South_America_the_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_Piau%25C3%25AD_Brazil_%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F21682917%2FA_new_late_Pleistocene_archaeological_sequence_in_South_America_the_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_Piau%25C3%25AD_Brazil_%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":42374625,"identifier":"Attachment_42374625","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":21682917,"created_at":"2016-02-08T02:52:03.001-08:00","from_world_paper_id":148152261,"updated_at":"2021-01-12T18:46:18.849-08:00","_data":{"publication_date":"2014,,","publication_name":"Antiquity"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"A new late Pleistocene archaeological sequence in South America: the Vale da Pedra Furada (Piauí, Brazil)","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [3426775]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":42374625,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “A new late Pleistocene archaeological sequence in South America: the Vale da Pedra Furada (Piauí, Brazil)”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/42374625/mini_magick20190217-29727-1sehr4n.png?1550460339" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">A new late Pleistocene archaeological sequence in South America: the Vale da Pedra Furada (Piauí, Brazil)</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3426775" href="https://u-bordeaux3.academia.edu/ChristelleLahaye"><img alt="Profile image of Christelle Lahaye" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/3426775/1165640/1459431/s65_christelle.lahaye.jpg" />Christelle Lahaye</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2014, Antiquity</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">53 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 21682917; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=21682917"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { const viewCountNumber = Number(viewCount); if (!viewCountNumber) { throw new Error('Failed to parse view count'); } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (viewCountBody) { viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } else { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":42374625,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/21682917/A_new_late_Pleistocene_archaeological_sequence_in_South_America_the_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil_"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":42374625,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/21682917/A_new_late_Pleistocene_archaeological_sequence_in_South_America_the_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil_"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="42374625" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/21682917/A_new_late_Pleistocene_archaeological_sequence_in_South_America_the_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil_" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="42857286" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42857286/Debate_A_new_late_Pleistocene_archaeological_sequence_in_South_America_the_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil">Debate A new late Pleistocene archaeological sequence in South America: the Vale da Pedra Furada (Piauí, Brazil</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3426775" href="https://u-bordeaux3.academia.edu/ChristelleLahaye">Christelle Lahaye</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2646636" href="https://u-paris1.academia.edu/AmelieDaCosta">Amelie Da Costa</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27974089" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ericBoeda">eric Boeda</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Antiquity, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Debate A new late Pleistocene archaeological sequence in South America: the Vale da Pedra Furada (Piauí, Brazil","attachmentId":63095223,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/42857286/Debate_A_new_late_Pleistocene_archaeological_sequence_in_South_America_the_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/42857286/Debate_A_new_late_Pleistocene_archaeological_sequence_in_South_America_the_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="8691771" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8691771/Archaeological_evidences_are_still_missing_a_comment_on_Fari%C3%B1a_et_al_Arroyo_del_Vizca%C3%ADno_site_Uruguay">Archaeological evidences are still missing: a comment on Fariña et al. Arroyo del Vizcaíno site, Uruguay</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23404" href="https://uruguay.academia.edu/SergioMartinez">Sergio Martinez</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Archaeological evidences are still missing: a comment on Fariña et al. Arroyo del Vizcaíno site, Uruguay","attachmentId":35045377,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8691771/Archaeological_evidences_are_still_missing_a_comment_on_Fari%C3%B1a_et_al_Arroyo_del_Vizca%C3%ADno_site_Uruguay","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8691771/Archaeological_evidences_are_still_missing_a_comment_on_Fari%C3%B1a_et_al_Arroyo_del_Vizca%C3%ADno_site_Uruguay"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="111623555" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/111623555/Hook_Line_or_Sinker_Choices_in_Archaeological_Epistemologies_Two_South_American_Case_Studies">Hook, Line, or Sinker?: Choices in Archaeological Epistemologies - Two South American Case Studies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="149044623" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HilbertKlaus">Klaus Hilbert</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Hook, Line, or Sinker?: Choices in Archaeological Epistemologies - Two South American Case Studies","attachmentId":109107971,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111623555/Hook_Line_or_Sinker_Choices_in_Archaeological_Epistemologies_Two_South_American_Case_Studies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/111623555/Hook_Line_or_Sinker_Choices_in_Archaeological_Epistemologies_Two_South_American_Case_Studies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="7649278" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7649278/Inference_to_the_Best_Explanation_A_Common_and_Effective_Form_of_Archaeological_Reasoning">Inference to the Best Explanation: A Common and Effective Form of Archaeological Reasoning</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13861099" href="https://arizona.academia.edu/LarsFogelin">Lars Fogelin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Antiquity, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Inference to the Best Explanation: A Common and Effective Form of Archaeological Reasoning","attachmentId":34188257,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7649278/Inference_to_the_Best_Explanation_A_Common_and_Effective_Form_of_Archaeological_Reasoning","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7649278/Inference_to_the_Best_Explanation_A_Common_and_Effective_Form_of_Archaeological_Reasoning"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="125671076" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/125671076/On_the_scientific_credibility_of_paleoanthropology">On the scientific credibility of paleoanthropology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="356569" href="https://unlv.academia.edu/brianvillmoare">brian villmoare</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Smith and Smith and Wood proposed that the human fossil record offers special challenges for causal hypotheses because "unique" adaptations resist the comparative method. We challenge their notions of "uniqueness" and offer a refutation of the idea that there is something epistemologically special about human prehistoric data. Although paleontological data may be sparse, there is nothing inherent about this information that prevents its use in the inductive or deductive process, nor in the generation and testing of scientific hypotheses. The imprecision of the fossil record is well-understood, and such imprecision is often factored into hypotheses and methods. While we acknowledge some oversteps within the discipline, we also note that the history of paleoanthropology is clearly one of progress, with ideas tested and resolution added as data (fossils) are uncovered and new technologies applied, much like in sciences as diverse as astronomy, molecular genetics, and geology.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"On the scientific credibility of paleoanthropology","attachmentId":119671910,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125671076/On_the_scientific_credibility_of_paleoanthropology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/125671076/On_the_scientific_credibility_of_paleoanthropology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="33378878" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33378878/Epistemological_problems_in_Cognitive_Archaeology_an_anti_relativistic_proposal_towards_methodological_uniformity">Epistemological problems in Cognitive Archaeology: an anti-relativistic proposal towards methodological uniformity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="54596739" href="https://uni-tuebingen1.academia.edu/DuilioGarofoli">Duilio Garofoli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Cognitive archaeology (CA) has an inherent and major problem. The coupling between extinct minds, brains and behaviors cannot be investigated in a laboratory. Without direct testability, there is a risk that theories in CA will remain merely subjective opinions in which “anything goes”. To counter this risk, opponents of relativism originally argued that CA should adopt a method of validation based on “indirectly” testing inferences from the archaeological record. In this paper, we will offer a two-part analysis. In the first part, we will discuss problems with the original anti-relativistic agenda. While we agree with the necessity of developing a rational methodology for this discipline, in our view revious analyses have significant weak points that need to be strengthened. In particular, we will propose that “indirect testability” should be superseded by a methodology based upon deductive mappings from networks of theories, followed by a plausibility-selection stage. This methodology will be implemented by adopting an extension of Barnard´s (2010b) proposals for mapping hierarchical systems. In the second part, we will compare our methods with those currently adopted in the CA debate. From this analysis, it will emerge that some proposals in CA are inconsistent with our methodology and are incommensurable with those that are consistent with it. Furthermore, we will show that theories in CA can advance contradictory conclusions precisely because they have been developed using different methods. We conclude that a universal methodology, like that proposed here, is needed for CA to become more objective. It is also crucial for creating conditions for coherent and productive debate among different schools of thought in the field of cognitive evolution.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Epistemological problems in Cognitive Archaeology: an anti-relativistic proposal towards methodological uniformity","attachmentId":53434858,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33378878/Epistemological_problems_in_Cognitive_Archaeology_an_anti_relativistic_proposal_towards_methodological_uniformity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33378878/Epistemological_problems_in_Cognitive_Archaeology_an_anti_relativistic_proposal_towards_methodological_uniformity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="34600154" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34600154/New_Data_on_a_Pleistocene_Archaeological_Sequence_in_South_America_Toca_do_S%C3%ADtio_do_Meio_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil">New Data on a Pleistocene Archaeological Sequence in South America: Toca do Sítio do Meio, Piauí, Brazil</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3426775" href="https://u-bordeaux3.academia.edu/ChristelleLahaye">Christelle Lahaye</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="654196" href="https://univasf.academia.edu/JanainaSantos">Janaina Santos</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2646636" href="https://u-paris1.academia.edu/AmelieDaCosta">Amelie Da Costa</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3948063" href="https://ufrj.academia.edu/MarcosPauloRamos">Marcos Paulo Ramos</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="45386827" href="https://pucgoias.academia.edu/SIBELIAPARECIDAVIANA">SIBELI APARECIDA VIANA</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27974089" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ericBoeda">eric Boeda</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PaleoAmerica, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Sítio do Meio, discovered in the 1990s, showed a sedimentary sequence clearly composed of two sets of deposits separated by a zone of large rockfall from the massive collapse of the shelter’s overhang. The bottom set, slightly more than 60 cm thick, was trapped between the bedrock (upon which it rested) and the lower part of the roof fall (reaching more than 1 m in the excavation area), and yielded some charcoal without other archaeological material. New excavations, however, have revealed the presence of artifacts, additional charcoal, and an alignment of sandstone blocks providing clear boundaries for the artifact concentration. The typological and technological composition of the artifacts is classic, with tools made by shaping high-quality quartz pebbles and tools made on shaping chips or on chips obtained by bipolar percussion of quartz blocks. Quartzite was also used, but only in the manufacture of larger tools, of certain types. The toolkit is made of several convergent pieces, denticulates, rostres, scrapers, and end scrapers. Radiocarbon dating results indicate a Pleistocene age, corresponding to the end of the midUpper Pleistocene (MIS3). These dates confirm that Sítio do Meio is the seventh Pleistocene stratigraphic sequence known from a 20-km-radius zone, coming from different sedimentary horizons, testifying to a human presence that extends from MIS3 until the middle Holocene, in this region of Piauí. Particularly, we observed that this occupation still has periodic gaps, with phases of occupation occurring in either short or long periods. With the new data, we are able to consider the cultural specificities of each set in the context of climate data to better understand the diversity of occupation within a single territory, forexample behavioral variation in the management of space, adaptive responses to environmental pressures, or potentially both at the same time.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"New Data on a Pleistocene Archaeological Sequence in South America: Toca do Sítio do Meio, Piauí, Brazil","attachmentId":54465918,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34600154/New_Data_on_a_Pleistocene_Archaeological_Sequence_in_South_America_Toca_do_S%C3%ADtio_do_Meio_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34600154/New_Data_on_a_Pleistocene_Archaeological_Sequence_in_South_America_Toca_do_S%C3%ADtio_do_Meio_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="69285231" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69285231/On_a_Pleistocene_human_occupation_at_Pedra_Furada_Brazil">On a Pleistocene human occupation at Pedra Furada, Brazil</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9800425" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TomDillehay">Tom Dillehay</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Antiquity</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The last decades of fieldwork have not decisively upset the long-held view that the settlement of the Americas occurred in the very latest Pleistocene, as marked in North America by the Clovis archaeological horizon at about 11,200 years ago, and by a variety of contemporaneous South American industries. Yet there are several sites that may prove to be older, among them Pedra Furada, in the thorn forest of northeastern Brazil, a large and remarkable rock-shelter, whose Pleistocene deposits have been interpreted as containing clear evidence of human occupation. This paper offers a considered view of Pedra Furada from three archaeologists with a wide range of experiences in sites of all ages in the Americas and elsewhere, but who also share a special interest and expertise in the issues Pedra Furada has raised: Meltzer from long study of the peopling of the Americas and the frame of thinking within which we address that issue (Meltzer 1993a; 1993b); Adovasio from his intensive excavat...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"On a Pleistocene human occupation at Pedra Furada, Brazil","attachmentId":79439544,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69285231/On_a_Pleistocene_human_occupation_at_Pedra_Furada_Brazil","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/69285231/On_a_Pleistocene_human_occupation_at_Pedra_Furada_Brazil"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="44240988" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44240988/2020_Politis_y_Prates_Some_Opinions_about_Monte_Verde_PaleoAmerica_Response_to_Dillehay_et_al_2019">2020. Politis y Prates. Some Opinions about Monte Verde. PaleoAmerica. Response to Dillehay et al. 2019</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1008320" href="https://unlp.academia.edu/LucianoPrates">Luciano Prates</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PaleoAmerica, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article is a response to Dillehay [2019. “Un ensayo sobre genética, arqueología y movilidad humana temprana.” Mundo de Antes 13 (2): 13–65] and Dillehay, Pino, and Ocampo [2020. “Comments on Archaeological Remains at the Monte Verde Site Complex, Chile.” PaleoAmerica. https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2020.1762399], who criticized our comments about Monte Verde-I and Chinchihuapi-I as well as our suggestion of the tightening of the age of Monte Verde-II [Politis, G. G., and L. Prates. 2018. “Clocking the Arrival of Homo sapiens in the Southern Cone of South America.” In New Perspectives on the Peopling of the Americas, edited by K. Harvati, G. Jäger, and H. Reyes Centeno, 79–106. Tübingen: Kerns Verlag]. They claimed that we purposefully ignored pertinent data to support our opinions, and that we made several mistakes when analyzing the evidence. In this article we demonstrate that we did not ignore any relevant data, and that the putative errors are in fact alternative interpretations based on the available data and recent studies about site formation processes.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"2020. Politis y Prates. Some Opinions about Monte Verde. PaleoAmerica. Response to Dillehay et al. 2019","attachmentId":64611965,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44240988/2020_Politis_y_Prates_Some_Opinions_about_Monte_Verde_PaleoAmerica_Response_to_Dillehay_et_al_2019","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44240988/2020_Politis_y_Prates_Some_Opinions_about_Monte_Verde_PaleoAmerica_Response_to_Dillehay_et_al_2019"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="122103604" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/122103604/Maximal_Speculation_Neandertal_the_Mobile_Herder_as_a_Test_Case_for_a_New_Paleoarchaeological_Methodology">Maximal Speculation: Neandertal the Mobile-Herder as a Test Case for a New Paleoarchaeological Methodology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="133631882" href="https://nyu.academia.edu/JenniferTodaro">Jennifer Todaro</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Sapient, The Undergraduate Journal of Biological Anthropology, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The unfavorable preservation bias at Paleolithic time-depth encourages risk-averse interpretations, the use of calcified vocabulary, and an avoidance of research where evidence is thin. Within the academic literature there is a relentless pressure to propose only the most likely ideas from fear that any hypothesis without clear and concrete evidence is unjustified. But what is the alternative? Maximizing speculation in the creation of new hypotheses allows for greater opportunities to explore human experience in the remote past in new ways, and it can overturn the fossilized linguistic and theoretical conventions entrenched in paleoarchaeology. This paper attempts to apply a new risk-seeking approach to hypothesis development in contexts with weak archaeological preservation. I propose a new methodology that I call Maximal Speculation, which asks, "What is the widest possible range of interpretations?" and "Can any of these be disproven or proven less likely?". By only requiring proof of impossibility rather than of possibility, this approach prevents more radical interpretations from languishing unexamined. Rather than attempting to prove a given hypothesis, an opposite statement is crafted with the goal of disproving a null hypothesis. This distinction allows researchers to build a body of indirect evidence when direct evidence is not available. In Paleolithic archaeology, there is a reflex to advance only the most parsimonious hypotheses. This seems to stem from the axiomatic rationale that the simplest explanation is the most likely. Reality, however, is rife with complication. By allowing ourselves to gravitate towards explanations we perceive as simpler or more efficient, we actively overlook evidence that falls outside of our personal definitions of these ideas. The simplest explanation from the archaeologist's perspective cannot be the most likely, as it is inevitably based on incomplete information. Instead, taking the Maximal Speculation approach actively invests in including the outer limits of the possible in the discussion. This endeavor can feel infinite and unachievable, but it is not. The intent is not to exhaustively identify all possible explanations, but rather to discourage avoidance of the most extreme explanations.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Maximal Speculation: Neandertal the Mobile-Herder as a Test Case for a New Paleoarchaeological Methodology","attachmentId":116834846,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122103604/Maximal_Speculation_Neandertal_the_Mobile_Herder_as_a_Test_Case_for_a_New_Paleoarchaeological_Methodology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/122103604/Maximal_Speculation_Neandertal_the_Mobile_Herder_as_a_Test_Case_for_a_New_Paleoarchaeological_Methodology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":42374625,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":42374625,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_42374625" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="108058358" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/108058358/Probing_Prehistoric_Cultures_Data_Dates_and_Narratives">Probing Prehistoric Cultures: Data, Dates and Narratives</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4259406" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PaulBouissac">Paul Bouissac</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Probing Prehistoric Cultures: Data, Dates and Narratives","attachmentId":106579510,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108058358/Probing_Prehistoric_Cultures_Data_Dates_and_Narratives","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/108058358/Probing_Prehistoric_Cultures_Data_Dates_and_Narratives"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="6597617" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6597617/AMS_14C_dating_of_early_human_occupation_of_southern_South_America">AMS 14C dating of early human occupation of southern South America</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2428944" href="https://conicet.academia.edu/GustavoPolitis">Gustavo Politis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Archaeological Science, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"AMS 14C dating of early human occupation of southern South America","attachmentId":33420920,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6597617/AMS_14C_dating_of_early_human_occupation_of_southern_South_America","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6597617/AMS_14C_dating_of_early_human_occupation_of_southern_South_America"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="14871817" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14871817/HUMAN_OCCUPATION_AND_PALEOENVIRONMENTS_IN_SOUTH_AMERICA_EXPANDING_THE_NOTION_OF_AN_ARCHAIC_GAP_">HUMAN OCCUPATION AND PALEOENVIRONMENTS IN SOUTH AMERICA: EXPANDING THE NOTION OF AN ARCHAIC GAP</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33845062" href="https://usp-br.academia.edu/Jo%C3%A3oPauloVAtui">João Paulo V. Atui</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32247804" href="https://usp-br1.academia.edu/WalterNeves">Walter Neves</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Revista do Museu de …, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"HUMAN OCCUPATION AND PALEOENVIRONMENTS IN SOUTH AMERICA: EXPANDING THE NOTION OF AN ARCHAIC GAP","attachmentId":43821624,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14871817/HUMAN_OCCUPATION_AND_PALEOENVIRONMENTS_IN_SOUTH_AMERICA_EXPANDING_THE_NOTION_OF_AN_ARCHAIC_GAP_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14871817/HUMAN_OCCUPATION_AND_PALEOENVIRONMENTS_IN_SOUTH_AMERICA_EXPANDING_THE_NOTION_OF_AN_ARCHAIC_GAP_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="35517071" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35517071/Nami_H_G_Florines_A_and_Toscano_A_2018_New_Paleoindian_Finds_Further_Fell_Points_Data_and_Technological_Observations_from_Uruguay_Implications_for_the_Human_Peopling_in_Southeastern_South_America_Archaeological_Discovery_6_21_37_https_doi_org_10_4236_ad_2018_61002">Nami, H. G., Florines, A., & Toscano, A. (2018). New Paleoindian Finds, Further Fell Points Data, and Technological Observations from Uruguay: Implications for the Human Peopling in Southeastern South America. Archaeological Discovery, 6, 21-37. https://doi.org/10.4236/ad.2018.61002</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="324413" href="https://conicet-ar.academia.edu/HugoNami">Hugo Nami</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Nami, H. G., Florines, A., \u0026 Toscano, A. (2018). New Paleoindian Finds, Further Fell Points Data, and Technological Observations from Uruguay: Implications for the Human Peopling in Southeastern South America. Archaeological Discovery, 6, 21-37. https://doi.org/10.4236/ad.2018.61002","attachmentId":55382375,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35517071/Nami_H_G_Florines_A_and_Toscano_A_2018_New_Paleoindian_Finds_Further_Fell_Points_Data_and_Technological_Observations_from_Uruguay_Implications_for_the_Human_Peopling_in_Southeastern_South_America_Archaeological_Discovery_6_21_37_https_doi_org_10_4236_ad_2018_61002","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35517071/Nami_H_G_Florines_A_and_Toscano_A_2018_New_Paleoindian_Finds_Further_Fell_Points_Data_and_Technological_Observations_from_Uruguay_Implications_for_the_Human_Peopling_in_Southeastern_South_America_Archaeological_Discovery_6_21_37_https_doi_org_10_4236_ad_2018_61002"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="2299183" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2299183/The_Impact_of_Early_Man_Debates_on_Argentine_Archaeology_around_1900">The Impact of Early Man Debates on Argentine Archaeology around 1900</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2411620" href="https://arqueologialaplata.academia.edu/IrinaPodgorny">Irina Podgorny</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Impact of Early Man Debates on Argentine Archaeology around 1900","attachmentId":31351270,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2299183/The_Impact_of_Early_Man_Debates_on_Argentine_Archaeology_around_1900","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2299183/The_Impact_of_Early_Man_Debates_on_Argentine_Archaeology_around_1900"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="37718057" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37718057/Evidential_Reasoning_in_Historical_Sciences_Applying_Toulmin_Schemas_to_the_case_of_Archezoa">Evidential Reasoning in Historical Sciences: Applying Toulmin Schemas to the case of Archezoa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7451477" href="https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/ThomasBonnin">Thomas Bonnin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biology & Philosophy, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evidential Reasoning in Historical Sciences: Applying Toulmin Schemas to the case of Archezoa","attachmentId":58803468,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37718057/Evidential_Reasoning_in_Historical_Sciences_Applying_Toulmin_Schemas_to_the_case_of_Archezoa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37718057/Evidential_Reasoning_in_Historical_Sciences_Applying_Toulmin_Schemas_to_the_case_of_Archezoa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="36713483" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36713483/A_Logic_of_Archaeological_Inference">A Logic of Archaeological Inference</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39887063" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AdamsMax">Max Adams</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Logic of Archaeological Inference","attachmentId":56653627,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36713483/A_Logic_of_Archaeological_Inference","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36713483/A_Logic_of_Archaeological_Inference"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="92560039" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92560039/Does_the_evidence_at_Arroyo_del_Vizca%C3%ADno_Uruguay_support_the_claim_of_human_occupation_30_000_years_ago">Does the evidence at Arroyo del Vizcaíno (Uruguay) support the claim of human occupation 30,000 years ago</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1250592" href="https://kansas.academia.edu/JustinHolcomb">Justin A Holcomb</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25833963" href="https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/RichieRosencrance">Richie Rosencrance</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PaleoAmerica, 2022</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Does the evidence at Arroyo del Vizcaíno (Uruguay) support the claim of human occupation 30,000 years ago","attachmentId":95553518,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92560039/Does_the_evidence_at_Arroyo_del_Vizca%C3%ADno_Uruguay_support_the_claim_of_human_occupation_30_000_years_ago","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92560039/Does_the_evidence_at_Arroyo_del_Vizca%C3%ADno_Uruguay_support_the_claim_of_human_occupation_30_000_years_ago"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="39537420" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39537420/Evaluating_claims_for_an_early_peopling_of_the_Americas_experimental_design_and_the_Cerutti_Mastodon_site">Evaluating claims for an early peopling of the Americas: experimental design and the Cerutti Mastodon site</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="96226686" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/EDalynGrindle">E. Dalyn Grindle</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22763676" href="https://umaine.academia.edu/MatthewMagnani">Matthew Magnani</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10441942" href="https://chicago.academia.edu/JonClindaniel">Jon Clindaniel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Antiquity, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evaluating claims for an early peopling of the Americas: experimental design and the Cerutti Mastodon site","attachmentId":59688113,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39537420/Evaluating_claims_for_an_early_peopling_of_the_Americas_experimental_design_and_the_Cerutti_Mastodon_site","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39537420/Evaluating_claims_for_an_early_peopling_of_the_Americas_experimental_design_and_the_Cerutti_Mastodon_site"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="48228048" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48228048/Comment_on_some_evidence_of_a_date_of_first_humans_to_arrive_in_Brazil_">Comment on “some evidence of a date of first humans to arrive in Brazil”</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="58731227" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KarenSteelman">Karen Steelman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Archaeological Science, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Comment on “some evidence of a date of first humans to arrive in Brazil”","attachmentId":66949994,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/48228048/Comment_on_some_evidence_of_a_date_of_first_humans_to_arrive_in_Brazil_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/48228048/Comment_on_some_evidence_of_a_date_of_first_humans_to_arrive_in_Brazil_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="16445895" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16445895/Old_and_new_on_the_same_site_putting_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_into_a_wider_context_A_comment_to_Lahaye_et_al_2015">Old and new on the same site: putting Vale da Pedra Furada into a wider context. A comment to Lahaye et al 2015</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="984649" href="https://ufpr.academia.edu/FabioParenti">Fabio Parenti</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Old and new on the same site: putting Vale da Pedra Furada into a wider context. A comment to Lahaye et al 2015","attachmentId":38997525,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16445895/Old_and_new_on_the_same_site_putting_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_into_a_wider_context_A_comment_to_Lahaye_et_al_2015","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16445895/Old_and_new_on_the_same_site_putting_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_into_a_wider_context_A_comment_to_Lahaye_et_al_2015"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="873478" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/873478/The_extinction_of_Neanderthals_and_the_emergence_of_the_Upper_Palaeolithic_in_Portugal">The extinction of Neanderthals and the emergence of the Upper Palaeolithic in Portugal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="367285" href="https://ualg.academia.edu/NunoBicho">Nuno Bicho</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Promontoria, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The extinction of Neanderthals and the emergence of the Upper Palaeolithic in Portugal","attachmentId":5279662,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/873478/The_extinction_of_Neanderthals_and_the_emergence_of_the_Upper_Palaeolithic_in_Portugal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/873478/The_extinction_of_Neanderthals_and_the_emergence_of_the_Upper_Palaeolithic_in_Portugal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="5521822" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5521822/A_revised_chronology_of_the_lowest_occupation_layer_of_Pedra_Furada_Rock_Shelter_Piau_%C4%B1_Brazil_The_Pleistocene_peopling_of_the_Americas_Santos_et_al_2003_">A revised chronology of the lowest occupation layer of Pedra Furada Rock Shelter, Piau!ı, Brazil: The Pleistocene peopling of the Americas. Santos et al. (2003)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1798194" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CharlieHatchett">Charlie Hatchett</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A revised chronology of the lowest occupation layer of Pedra Furada Rock Shelter, Piau!ı, Brazil: The Pleistocene peopling of the Americas. Santos et al. (2003)","attachmentId":32624189,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5521822/A_revised_chronology_of_the_lowest_occupation_layer_of_Pedra_Furada_Rock_Shelter_Piau_%C4%B1_Brazil_The_Pleistocene_peopling_of_the_Americas_Santos_et_al_2003_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5521822/A_revised_chronology_of_the_lowest_occupation_layer_of_Pedra_Furada_Rock_Shelter_Piau_%C4%B1_Brazil_The_Pleistocene_peopling_of_the_Americas_Santos_et_al_2003_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="53512429" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53512429/Some_Opinions_about_Monte_Verde_Response_to_Dillehay_2019_and_Dillehay_Pino_and_Ocampo_2020_">Some Opinions about Monte Verde: Response to Dillehay (2019) and Dillehay, Pino, and Ocampo (2020)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2428944" href="https://conicet.academia.edu/GustavoPolitis">Gustavo Politis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PaleoAmerica</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Some Opinions about Monte Verde: Response to Dillehay (2019) and Dillehay, Pino, and Ocampo (2020)","attachmentId":74586403,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/53512429/Some_Opinions_about_Monte_Verde_Response_to_Dillehay_2019_and_Dillehay_Pino_and_Ocampo_2020_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/53512429/Some_Opinions_about_Monte_Verde_Response_to_Dillehay_2019_and_Dillehay_Pino_and_Ocampo_2020_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="32253722" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32253722/THE_END_OF_ARCHAEOLOGICAL_DISCOVERY">THE END OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERY</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="958790" href="https://uwyo.academia.edu/JamesAhern">James Ahern</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="930468" href="https://uwyo.academia.edu/ToddSurovell">Todd Surovell</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE END OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERY","attachmentId":52474514,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32253722/THE_END_OF_ARCHAEOLOGICAL_DISCOVERY","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/32253722/THE_END_OF_ARCHAEOLOGICAL_DISCOVERY"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="76420908" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76420908/El_sistema_l%C3%B3gico_anal%C3%ADtico_una_herramienta_para_el_estudio_de_la_tecnolog%C3%ADa_prehist%C3%B3rica">El sistema lógico analítico: una herramienta para el estudio de la tecnología prehistórica</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13051456" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MosqueraMarina">Marina Mosquera</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">… Cahiers de typologie …, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"El sistema lógico analítico: una herramienta para el estudio de la tecnología prehistórica","attachmentId":84134789,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76420908/El_sistema_l%C3%B3gico_anal%C3%ADtico_una_herramienta_para_el_estudio_de_la_tecnolog%C3%ADa_prehist%C3%B3rica","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/76420908/El_sistema_l%C3%B3gico_anal%C3%ADtico_una_herramienta_para_el_estudio_de_la_tecnolog%C3%ADa_prehist%C3%B3rica"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="40683" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antiquity">Antiquity</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div> </body> </html>