CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136b5c75ab2fe0b',cH: 'NXlZs3uGRte5WFYYt.B2A6ghL4TW81dzkE69mmSOlVQ-1739805087-1.2.1.1-SAq5GfHn3vBQuJSF5F8WjeeZfyXfPapc5qm_oDN8Z7RS01Q1_Ly_0XYRY0tSWyL4',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=area%20of%20land&__cf_chl_tk=iP21Gp6jPfAEfFNvYLZTPGwdBgQFpgbOoAKGWlxlNRw-1739805087-1.0.1.1-aNFwVoMc8BPg7C5OFInO0FwIgwpD7GirQT7_G7etdJg",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739805087',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=area%20of%20land&__cf_chl_f_tk=iP21Gp6jPfAEfFNvYLZTPGwdBgQFpgbOoAKGWlxlNRw-1739805087-1.0.1.1-aNFwVoMc8BPg7C5OFInO0FwIgwpD7GirQT7_G7etdJg",md: "sZjktdEVI.znhxD1P3hnseue3DYWoBtVWLJAI.BW7VE-1739805087-1.2.1.1-MyAQkjEVWitiyFVj5FBDxDgw7bqv7BmIS3PyY4BvsOjKh8COKri3NRj.ua9YqIXpco1yDqVYyJ98GB93uFda1PvgE_DdRRKOODNy_FUywBzFLAGBd4SQP2uKAet4WvadIOKOTjMo9m2OgEEzuTL5gFu2b96Tx0iB8TIlhi_ifiGDeEqPVN4QdRTXlMRt5doHnFW0miv.Ns80oJyegf1yn_21QxLIiJbnp0IMDMWgyNF7Zt3V8iBmz.PKgwmzN5oyav9pn6Zmb63xWhJfm1oMDUwdrjHG71KxN5bfrDsgNCT0cI8C_UG9so2Wbv3ArnXIZyl2JsWmVqJ96s3TbPDN9YiO34Y.GtXCP5Oeu_rzQFYFBdUumN_v6neIdQo_TDNgNcpwg.5PEY.PBmAw9Y17oRtjr07z274MYiFZ8ofKZGN999IUaYueovR5u3h0qiUGUF7t5scj.zO4VAZbcWNWVz8IgaKX6cG26TwAmYQ9clvCd9iZ74Lr36HGkCMhdqvT4o6U7Y4LByn0Gc3A4R6hhaQhwqaoHG86NB2Zijlw1btTA9Px8f5sKZFcg1pPZ93hpJcGB7TXyD96hdYSZn9lQiP7DQXL1D7YKbpUJELmk.37jGnKL9qGBPf.9D2L9ZiRfad.ke6.PaCfi_QrLxTlnY61F33RiG7k5OtuO7ZE3ok4yXIaqLjEWBH8RplySeDiGXC61y7SJFDt3J.FGAEVqg3FyfyKlGqjhPqclbhi0tXpb7c3DAN.m4jqES_RNcr0hLvq7R2FLfj_s3BPgv6iostGrs4FAZA7VZxWgiM0Ofoz.BU1ZguLOBwkmGQg4OMJZc7KLOqRfJKQnHAyzByC6qxt0NE3Vwt963aDhmmcwad.k6PwnQem9X_NmeRwbDTFsaFhsVoqB47K2.AedFdRhxQ48T_ECadVaXp7L5yn7t7ZVnRZeixPG6E8YrAQuyZAhPRnRZq95rBWITrQI2uSi3RFwb1hI5vQ.tczm9QoInDaIguGR_GhakSft0yemKy2CcfiAlAeyA5MsVPPGRCfQaJoGDSuvRnnnOc3EdDOKfUBKY97fyeE.leoKw0jZ.XGfG8C7iGo_4kVy1CqyJe5p5RCQYJ7ptG4uCOZ1ZvpwM3e8vNnvJthk8FMEPreUsamJIaUrwc1nONUp2pb_fMr9Hr8I4vgRGu.JSyuiRu6vfkGGmQu.lLl87PHOW7Bf6IlJ2ybvnScUvzsxT1rcgCxrSy9QUpO46s6G5pEvf9Dj7nfmKcfV9yzBEcGL9WwuZ0rkmZmdP20LoKsBpYAR5PSXaSeqjDZKNZFsOq7WxrvgJYvZ1RVVH0AUqXJ4HxDp6AxvMcA9lf5edC2O2aXue3VtgL4Q8kVToeS4UHoew3ULcgP_hue2YltV2Qkej9K_s53i8NRBR3exs10hgm.4a4y_BhHSx4rChclkXcSrJKCQkrbjCvRjun1sWtweuLvHvLRpenFbrZZFfImDBz9vO6GQNZDr9DVjxUngRhMyYs7PaI.Q3ERS0SKtmdfvphp5nP.DjHdRAju00bgEZJ3AR6pgnHJgx0qwG55qvzYPsJLzV6YOnOqpdketzB7S.qa7mvUYDzkIhCl8M3uRi0._nmacoWAvf5IyGyRvSBaznFytmFQ7O1LuVOEZiN2d0880KLDyvo1194nhmWAZ4RUkw_d6AGfw5P0B4tVRWbLKe6jAiJ9Sxfzi9BMuTP3Isomlb2Sl4KW2_zd6_GY7TOZWYHQ8zQP70lYHGuwHMsKt20e5QHncD8KCoWXxU21_LKPX1InApIiy9Fz7NKNtlg7xbfxt_WtoCpBJTfFbyRZu7MCqlGfDiqFb0sldBWIUmTdSsP.j6YYW..D.oANbZEh5nkORvSZDOCw6j5.g.9ilyGxs4_cvHSBxTNwsDMtrcc8hkwT_P2dEz73AvW4Uazp.W.zVfICs1RGcA4qbMkN3G_ILBg",mdrd: "XhLpS834k2o.BSUZfLFxy0Ch1IIiNqVrxIn2rC.uI7M-1739805087-1.2.1.1-uFFvQ4lCUvNo6M2_zJAiOOV5Scn.GQDWS2H2EazC4I9XODanWqEX4neR4b1CDLUWS.1eI52y9aw3g0NdeLR1__.T_61fMDOSCF3z0IGpB4SSS7WJFPBJTCw_b8U3BzBI9VxJMiaj2QU6gSoFxbTfhZ6iiTla577Mcfd1QsJ4WAaF5bSPIB4ErXhTTVZL497tNF_wQFNb23MB3ukF8jM4GnkQQ_J1nb_12wKnE0Ok3FkkJDOHFFUfZB.eqX_AF4RKHoPRLtX4pcD0qJ9TeHNK3bUEzzRYCrWo3anU5TwedbVlt4y.1RmzPLPpp6SkvLAygwlEZ99wTH8ngZhFS0TVLOkXJlMPDxIXSsEEvmfciBzndWOORX9eynxJMl6hZCjz.EZQq69a0RjkRwGpXGhvLI0n19WrdqNEpVTJ0iLTSZWVKETY9.fPbxxO9dZkbFRcrIQhVyfio7Cjq3TpPhjHJi95hQJ6He48liI8Le7t.sV7ffD1YUezhzfOJlNH_P0ptUuA.7jJXOwCQtoLW02fJb70pa.siFZBfT7ppZTJhNBOq0dHnLMqQGRuvpJeSn154JGM3YfNh7OIi1bmNkK0TRDkTxZluYoCwC48JswXSDJjmAEuUPCMpjSm5cLN1mS.zYG11Qa0nsDkvDjEmN0oGBtq6a1AHr5oUTn61yvmZ_Q7qnqmOd5huuvPkHz3Myn1_dGS.LD4a9xJq9EHofL6YaZ7SowSno69mdjy2dUr9_J1ytWeKHiZOaVsU9m4YzqUP0nL8v0qkFY9a4fsbcIkPZARzaAtIr0hbqW4Qp1XuUA5traaXiT8ah9Bja6nL.G3y8zaxotQUke_Oefp92rbx792mGeMCIHA6_4bYoW6_7J2cWimobj3vEuzKGcsF4U3dfbb4GAYrR6CIfZMdmY5BUjQk97TqTrU3Zjiw2iW5sIYFpRXgrkKxd2nmv5II1GnxJHtAVlCBQw0TD4e7faUL8R67se52mvOV106PJWonT4HuwqXjQs2zjUy4siEqfnDV2cxcL8Uy7eNjJmVoHlwpby.QLox.GNzpVXBLfT9sCVyz.nomuPNNT30hFrrruvbaSYoj9rkRr9RrGWQNNmYLwwrj7KTGF_DOiucG1WT8dTo7BZE7bbQXzwDJLYbhBpguQIk5qhLO.wEA6_pczW7B4PB1wzOnxpKiTW7Yq8OEWqMj23o_ZMub3PpGoYRkgFSpBZ6.SSQQMET0ixAsJeU9xeY_OgjOccKoMwx4iWtxq6MDsLVbgsTC_xkA5QrweybFZLh81tEl9FX1IDT.pZaXMzHeae_2aGZwsy843AxJCy_td8sdqhBEkJ5OtgRILre4rj.WTzZnNcuqZ83LZXWdy4HEcX0beW9Va.IXxoc3_hK5CCO_FbtyNs6HHLCWS9YkGpA4ESSvqzcUh8GNZKaxUhgJOtWUSWCFFYP6qIY9_U5TtE5Yu0AMHAPtHNx1wXBABeBqvMTdGAoHrYSz0clPeLyWmJb5NpbxsxiErWuA.fheNaLcadwW5YW8386bHysG2dntkSOjpK89pq.CuIkEKRCRSt1RGf2JlKGe.i_enfIh3UzpOeMYTPlZ88ybI7J_gK8yyCzlaZrgFJIGzTwSZnJNaHhpfOjgraYDyR8KHziDhrr8rEiL3HIMGwYxeg3iSS94yF5irOxJNfn_97lRURyK9z3XZVRpX5cBXlLCz1i8TURjhkLntRSbp7yBwdcUz9OLxi9XyfgFAWl7dVqyjasI3nqLbg.bBq5xTHVr6.VwImkQ04OxBAQcBjE89ldqjzu8h_UApGnpz0XIN.4GFKENtpB4.LltiFH1Y_UdAJFqiw7bmPc3ZDVabP3kaIpNEF6BuPilKnLUzTYONM0KKomxV5DHaIeBca4p4eX_Mcv_wRo_8ZWvW6tLvYWASpI5nWexDbSdjknP0rptrIy6Yz6t2AOgiB._3iKErkFyBlUnTQsI31TvTlyAiiBDFftFlxh6QnVsEx9qeebHpbIEg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136b5c75ab2fe0b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=area%20of%20land&__cf_chl_rt_tk=iP21Gp6jPfAEfFNvYLZTPGwdBgQFpgbOoAKGWlxlNRw-1739805087-1.0.1.1-aNFwVoMc8BPg7C5OFInO0FwIgwpD7GirQT7_G7etdJg" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>