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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="শোফার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শোফার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chauffeur" title="Chauffeur – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chauffeur" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xofer" title="Xofer – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xofer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chauffeur" title="Chauffeur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chauffeur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chauffeur_de_ma%C3%AEtre" title="Chauffeur de maître – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chauffeur de maître" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjauffeur" title="Sjauffeur – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sjauffeur" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%87%BC%ED%8D%BC" title="쇼퍼 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쇼퍼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopir" title="Sopir – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sopir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chauffeur" title="Chauffeur – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chauffeur" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%92_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99" title="נהג אישי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נהג אישי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directiechauffeur" title="Directiechauffeur – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Directiechauffeur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95" title="सवारी चालक – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सवारी चालक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%8A%E6%8A%B1%E3%81%88%E9%81%8B%E8%BB%A2%E6%89%8B" title="お抱え運転手 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="お抱え運転手" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoferi" title="Shoferi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shoferi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciafferru" title="Sciafferru – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sciafferru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chauffeur" title="Chauffeur – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chauffeur" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eof%C3%B6r" title="Şoför – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şoför" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%B8%E6%A9%9F" title="私人司機 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="私人司機" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supir" title="Supir – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Supir" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Profession; French term meaning person employed to drive a passenger motor vehicle</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the type of French criminal, see <a href="/wiki/Chauffeur_(criminal)" title="Chauffeur (criminal)">Chauffeur (criminal)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_chauffeur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Japanese_chauffeur.jpg/250px-Japanese_chauffeur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Japanese_chauffeur.jpg/330px-Japanese_chauffeur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Japanese_chauffeur.jpg/500px-Japanese_chauffeur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>A chauffeur in Japan standing next to a <a href="/wiki/Nissan_Fuga" title="Nissan Fuga">Nissan Fuga</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>chauffeur</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʃofœʁ]</a></span>) is a person employed to drive a passenger motor vehicle, especially a <a href="/wiki/Luxury_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxury vehicle">luxury vehicle</a> such as a large <a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">sedan</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Limousine" title="Limousine">limousine</a>. </p><p>Initially, such drivers were often personal employees of the vehicle owner, but this has changed to specialist chauffeur service companies or individual drivers that provide both driver and <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_for_hire" title="Vehicle for hire">vehicle for hire</a>. Some service companies merely offer the driver. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chauffeur&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:THE_WOMEN%27S_WORK_IN_PUBLIC_SERVICES,_1914-1918_Q110167.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/THE_WOMEN%27S_WORK_IN_PUBLIC_SERVICES%2C_1914-1918_Q110167.jpg/250px-THE_WOMEN%27S_WORK_IN_PUBLIC_SERVICES%2C_1914-1918_Q110167.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/THE_WOMEN%27S_WORK_IN_PUBLIC_SERVICES%2C_1914-1918_Q110167.jpg/330px-THE_WOMEN%27S_WORK_IN_PUBLIC_SERVICES%2C_1914-1918_Q110167.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/THE_WOMEN%27S_WORK_IN_PUBLIC_SERVICES%2C_1914-1918_Q110167.jpg/500px-THE_WOMEN%27S_WORK_IN_PUBLIC_SERVICES%2C_1914-1918_Q110167.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="975" /></a><figcaption>A chauffeur in Glasgow during World War I</figcaption></figure> <p>The term <i>chauffeur</i> comes from the French term for <a href="/wiki/Stoker_(occupation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoker (occupation)">stoker</a> because the earliest automobiles,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> like their railroad and sea vessel counterparts, were <a href="/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine">steam-powered</a> and required the driver to stoke the engine. The chauffeur also maintained the car, including routine maintenance and cleaning, and had to be a skilled mechanic to deal with breakdowns and <a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">tyre</a> punctures en route, which were very common in the earliest years of the automobile.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Only the wealthy could afford the first automobiles, and they generally employed chauffeurs rather than driving themselves. A 1906 article in <i>The New York Times</i> reported that "the chauffeur problem to-day is one of the most serious that the automobilist has to deal with", and complained that "young men of no particular ability, who have been earning from $10 to $12 a week, are suddenly elevated to salaried positions paying from $25 to $50" and recommended the re-training of existing <a href="/wiki/Coachman" title="Coachman">coach drivers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scope">Scope</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chauffeur&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Scope"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the term may refer to anybody who drives for a living, it usually implies a driver of an elegant passenger vehicle such as a <a href="/wiki/Horse-drawn_carriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Horse-drawn carriage">horse-drawn carriage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sedan_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedan (car)">luxury sedan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coach_(vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coach (vehicle)">motor coach</a>, or especially a <a href="/wiki/Limousine" title="Limousine">limousine</a>; those who operate buses or non-passenger vehicles are generally referred to as "drivers". In some countries, particularly developing nations where a ready supply of labor ensures that even the <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle classes</a> can afford <a href="/wiki/Domestic_worker" title="Domestic worker">domestic staff</a> and among the wealthy,<sup id="cite_ref-Sanger_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanger-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the chauffeur may simply be called the "driver". </p><p>Some people may employ chauffeurs full-time to drive them in their vehicles, while professional services offer on-request limousines or rental cars that include chauffeurs.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is similar to but much more luxurious than taking a <a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">taxicab</a>. A variety of benefits are cited for using chauffeurs, including convenience, productivity, and time savings,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and driving safety for business people<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and seniors.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_insurance" title="Vehicle insurance">Insurance</a> costs for luxury vehicles are often lower if the designated driver is a chauffeur.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanger_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanger-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The legal requirements for being a chauffeur vary depending on the local jurisdiction and class of vehicle. In some cases, a simple permit is required. Still, in others, an additional professional license with specific minimum standards in areas such as age, health, driving experience, criminal record, local geographic knowledge, or training is needed.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Training">Training</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chauffeur&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_examination_of_chauffers_under_new_law,_N.Y.,_A.S._Callan_Secy._Enig._LCCN2014688389.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/First_examination_of_chauffers_under_new_law%2C_N.Y.%2C_A.S._Callan_Secy._Enig._LCCN2014688389.jpg/250px-First_examination_of_chauffers_under_new_law%2C_N.Y.%2C_A.S._Callan_Secy._Enig._LCCN2014688389.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/First_examination_of_chauffers_under_new_law%2C_N.Y.%2C_A.S._Callan_Secy._Enig._LCCN2014688389.jpg/330px-First_examination_of_chauffers_under_new_law%2C_N.Y.%2C_A.S._Callan_Secy._Enig._LCCN2014688389.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/First_examination_of_chauffers_under_new_law%2C_N.Y.%2C_A.S._Callan_Secy._Enig._LCCN2014688389.jpg/500px-First_examination_of_chauffers_under_new_law%2C_N.Y.%2C_A.S._Callan_Secy._Enig._LCCN2014688389.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5792" data-file-height="4222" /></a><figcaption>The first examination of chauffeurs under a new law, New York, 1910</figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to the minimum legal requirements, limousine companies often require their chauffeurs to undergo specific extra training.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These courses may involve evasive driving or <a href="/wiki/Defensive_driving" title="Defensive driving">defensive driving techniques</a>, the proper methods to ensure safety in the most extreme conditions, such as inclement weather, a flat tire at high speeds, or other exterior influences for loss of vehicular control, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many companies also have courses on what they expect from their chauffeurs. Chauffeurs may be taught proper <a href="/wiki/Etiquette" title="Etiquette">etiquette</a> when they are in the presence of their <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Client" class="extiw" title="wikt:Client">clientele</a>. They may also be trained for services to the client beyond the car itself, such as for a personal <a href="/wiki/Valet" title="Valet">valet</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bodyguard" title="Bodyguard">bodyguard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many companies and local licensing agencies require random <a href="/wiki/Drug_screening" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug screening">drug screening</a> for chauffeurs.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been increased requirements for compliance in drug and alcohol testing in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The problem was highlighted after professional <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> player <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Konstantinov" title="Vladimir Konstantinov">Vladimir Konstantinov</a>'s career-ending injuries when his recently hired chauffeur, Richard Gnida, lost control of their limousine and crashed.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another concern are company drug and alcohol policies for chauffeurs in those states where marijuana is legal because of the potential impact and impairment to perform their job safely and effectively.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_chauffeurs">Notable chauffeurs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chauffeur&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notable chauffeurs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Greer" title="William Greer">William Greer</a>, chauffeur to <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Grover-Williams" title="William Grover-Williams">William Grover-Williams</a>, chauffeur to <a href="/wiki/William_Orpen" title="William Orpen">William Orpen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Lojka" title="Leopold Lojka">Leopold Lojka</a>, chauffeur to <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduke Franz Ferdinand">Archduke Franz Ferdinand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Kempka" title="Erich Kempka">Erich Kempka</a>, chauffeur to <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> from 1936 to 1945<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Schreck" title="Julius Schreck">Julius Schreck</a>, chauffeur to <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> from 1926 to 1936</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Summersby" title="Kay Summersby">Kay Summersby</a>, chauffeur to <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Expeditionary_Force" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force">Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Zanders" title="Roosevelt Zanders">Roosevelt Zanders</a>, drove <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>, and many others<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_fiction">In fiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chauffeur&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aloysius_%22Nosey%22_Parker" class="mw-redirect" title="Aloysius "Nosey" Parker">Aloysius "Nosey" Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Watkins" title="Thomas Watkins">Thomas Watkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigger_Thomas" title="Bigger Thomas">Bigger Thomas</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Native_Son" title="Native Son">Native Son</a></i></li> <li><i>Driving Miss Daisy</i>: <a href="/wiki/Driving_Miss_Daisy_(play)" title="Driving Miss Daisy (play)">1987 play</a>, <a href="/wiki/Driving_Miss_Daisy" title="Driving Miss Daisy">1989 film</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Driving_Miss_Daisy_(2014_film)" title="Driving Miss Daisy (2014 film)">2014 film</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Martin_(Transporter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Martin (Transporter)">Frank Martin</a>, driver in <a href="/wiki/The_Transporter_(franchise)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Transporter (franchise)">The Transporter</a> series of films</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Branson" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Branson">Tom Branson</a>, chauffeur turned son-in-law of Lord Grantham in <i><a href="/wiki/Downton_Abbey" title="Downton Abbey">Downton Abbey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Pennyworth" title="Alfred Pennyworth">Alfred Pennyworth</a>, chauffeur to Batman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_(film_series_character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Logan (film series character)">Logan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Logan_(film)" title="Logan (film)"><i>Logan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kato_(The_Green_Hornet)" title="Kato (The Green Hornet)">Kato</a> the chauffeur and assistant to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Hornet" class="mw-redirect" title="The Green Hornet">The Green Hornet</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0047437/characters/nm0002369">Thomas Fairchild</a>, Sabrina's father, in the <a href="/wiki/Sabrina_Fair" title="Sabrina Fair">1953 play</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Sabrina_(1954_film)" title="Sabrina (1954 film)">1954</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sabrina_(1995_film)" title="Sabrina (1995 film)">1995</a> films.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chauffeur&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1902/01/22/101930350.pdf">"Objects to "Chauffeur"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 22 January 1902<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2018</span>. <q>...but it simply means what we call "fireman", or what the English call "stoker"...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Objects+to+%22Chauffeur%22&rft.date=1902-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1902%2F01%2F22%2F101930350.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChauffeur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1906/08/12/archives/chauffeurs-lord-it-over-their-employers-big-salaries-turn-the-heads.html">"Chauffeurs Lord It Over Their Employers; Big Salaries Turn the Heads of Automobile Drivers. They Scorn Menial Work Garage Managers Also Have Trouble with Them -- A Better Class Being Turned Out by the Schools"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 12 August 1906. p. 16<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Roosevelt+S.+Zanders%2C+Stars%27+Chauffeur%2C+Dies+at+81&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1995-05-25&rft.aulast=Thomas+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Robert+McG.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F05%2F26%2Fobituaries%2Froosevelt-s-zanders-stars-chauffeur-dies-at-81.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChauffeur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPalm2021" class="citation news cs1">Palm, Matthew J. (21 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orlandosentinel.com/entertainment/arts-and-theater/os-et-driving-miss-daisy-theater-west-end-20210121-3iostx5jbnfdplopg6rf3if6ta-story.html">"In 'Daisy,' Michael Morman's in the driver's seat again"</a>. <i>Orlando Sentinel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Orlando+Sentinel&rft.atitle=In+%27Daisy%2C%27+Michael+Morman%27s+in+the+driver%27s+seat+again&rft.date=2021-01-21&rft.aulast=Palm&rft.aufirst=Matthew+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orlandosentinel.com%2Fentertainment%2Farts-and-theater%2Fos-et-driving-miss-daisy-theater-west-end-20210121-3iostx5jbnfdplopg6rf3if6ta-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChauffeur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBauer2017" class="citation web cs1">Bauer, Patricia (17 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Driving-Miss-Daisy-film-by-Beresford">"Driving Miss Daisy: Plot, Cast, Awards, & Facts"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Driving+Miss+Daisy%3A+Plot%2C+Cast%2C+Awards%2C+%26+Facts&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2017-12-17&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FDriving-Miss-Daisy-film-by-Beresford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChauffeur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chauffeur&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 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title="Taxi">History of taxis</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">Auto rickshaw taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_taxi" title="Air taxi">Air taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">Cycle rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_carriage" title="Hackney carriage">Hackney carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_taxi" title="Hybrid taxi">Hybrid taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limousine" title="Limousine">Limousine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_taxi" title="Motorcycle taxi">Motorcycle taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pet_taxi" title="Pet taxi">Pet taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Rapid_Transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal Rapid Transit">Personal rapid transit / railed taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_taxi" title="Share taxi">Share taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_taxi" title="Water taxi">Water taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_cab" title="Yellow cab">Yellow cab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_taxi" title="Mercedes-Benz taxi">Mercedes-Benz taxi</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Checker_Taxi_Madison_Sq_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Checker_Taxi_Madison_Sq_jeh.jpg/70px-Checker_Taxi_Madison_Sq_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Checker_Taxi_Madison_Sq_jeh.jpg/105px-Checker_Taxi_Madison_Sq_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Checker_Taxi_Madison_Sq_jeh.jpg/140px-Checker_Taxi_Madison_Sq_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2341" data-file-height="1541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Oneway Cab <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chauffeur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taximeter" title="Taximeter">Taximeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi_stand" title="Taxi stand">Taxi stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi_medallion" title="Taxi medallion">Taxi medallion</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fictional_taxi_drivers" title="Category:Fictional taxi drivers">Fictional taxi drivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_taxis" title="Category:Films about taxis">Films about taxis</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">see also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_for_hire" title="Vehicle for hire">Vehicles for hire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Taxis" title="Category:Taxis">Category</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216541#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata483" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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