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id="toc-Conveying_meaning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Number_of_citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Number_of_citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Number of citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Number_of_citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Independent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanning_at_least_a_year" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanning_at_least_a_year"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.5</span> <span>Spanning at least a year</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanning_at_least_a_year-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Derogatory_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derogatory_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.6</span> <span>Derogatory terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derogatory_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Idiomaticity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idiomaticity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Idiomaticity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Idiomaticity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descendant_hubs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descendant_hubs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Descendant hubs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descendant_hubs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Translation_hubs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translation_hubs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Translation hubs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translation_hubs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numbers,_numerals,_and_ordinals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numbers,_numerals,_and_ordinals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Numbers, numerals, and ordinals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numbers,_numerals,_and_ordinals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spellings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spellings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Spellings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spellings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Misspellings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misspellings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1</span> <span>Misspellings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Misspellings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Typos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.1</span> <span>Typos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Typos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variant_spellings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variant_spellings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2</span> <span>Variant spellings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variant_spellings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combining_characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combining_characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.3</span> <span>Combining characters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combining_characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inflections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inflections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Inflections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inflections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repetitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repetitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Repetitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repetitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Idiomatic_phrases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idiomatic_phrases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Idiomatic phrases</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Idiomatic_phrases-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Idiomatic phrases subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Idiomatic_phrases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pronouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pronouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Verbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proverbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proverbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Proverbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proverbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages_to_include" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages_to_include"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Languages to include</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Languages_to_include-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Languages to include subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Languages_to_include-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Natural_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Natural languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sign_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sign_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Sign languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sign_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constructed_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constructed_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Constructed languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constructed_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reconstructed_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reconstructed_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Reconstructed languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reconstructed_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exclusions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exclusions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Exclusions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Exclusions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Exclusions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Exclusions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fictional_universes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fictional_universes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Fictional universes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fictional_universes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wiktionary_is_not_an_encyclopedia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wiktionary_is_not_an_encyclopedia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Wiktionary is not an encyclopedia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wiktionary_is_not_an_encyclopedia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sarcastic_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sarcastic_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Sarcastic usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sarcastic_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language-specific_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language-specific_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Language-specific issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-specific_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemical_formulae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemical_formulae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Chemical formulae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemical_formulae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Names</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Names-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Names subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brand_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brand_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Brand names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brand_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Given_and_family_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Given_and_family_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Given and family names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Given_and_family_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genealogical_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genealogical_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Genealogical content</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genealogical_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Names_of_specific_entities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Names_of_specific_entities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Names of specific entities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Names_of_specific_entities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Company_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Company_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.1</span> <span>Company names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Company_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Place_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Place_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.2</span> <span>Place names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Place_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Celestial_objects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celestial_objects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.3</span> <span>Celestial objects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Celestial_objects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issues_to_consider" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issues_to_consider"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Issues to consider</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Issues_to_consider-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Issues to consider subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Issues_to_consider-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Attestation_vs._the_slippery_slope" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attestation_vs._the_slippery_slope"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Attestation vs. the slippery slope</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attestation_vs._the_slippery_slope-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Wiktionary</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Criteria for inclusion</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/Viccionari:Criteris_d%27inclusi%C3%B3" title="Viccionari:Criteris d'inclusió – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Viccionari:Criteris d'inclusió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wikislovn%C3%ADk:Podm%C3%ADnky_pro_za%C5%99azen%C3%AD_hesla" title="Wikislovník:Podmínky pro zařazení hesla – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wikislovník:Podmínky pro zařazení hesla" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C:%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%88%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Βικιλεξικό:Κριτήρια συμπερίληψης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βικιλεξικό:Κριτήρια συμπερίληψης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wiktionary.org/wiki/Vikivortaro:Postuloj_por_inkludo" title="Vikivortaro:Postuloj por inkludo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vikivortaro:Postuloj por inkludo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Convention:Crit%C3%A8res_d%E2%80%99acceptabilit%C3%A9_des_entr%C3%A9es" title="Convention:Critères d’acceptabilité des entrées – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Convention:Critères d’acceptabilité des entrées" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%82%B1%EB%A7%90%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C_%EB%93%B1%EC%9E%AC_%EA%B8%B0%EC%A4%80" title="위키낱말사전:문서 등재 기준 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키낱말사전:문서 등재 기준" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wikikamus:Kebijakan_inklusi" title="Wikikamus:Kebijakan inklusi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wikikamus:Kebijakan inklusi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wiktionary.org/wiki/W%C3%AEk%C3%AEferheng:P%C3%AEvek%C3%AAn_tevl%C3%AEkirin%C3%AA" title="Wîkîferheng:Pîvekên tevlîkirinê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Wîkîferheng:Pîvekên tevlîkirinê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%98%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81:%E0%B4%89%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="വിക്കിനിഘണ്ടു:ഉൾപ്പെടുത്താനുള്ള മാനദണ്ഡങ്ങൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിക്കിനിഘണ്ടു:ഉൾപ്പെടുത്താനുള്ള മാനദണ്ഡങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B3:%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B9%E1%80%82%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%81%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ဝိက်ရှေန်နရဳ:သ္ဂုတ်သွာတ်သွက်လုပ်အဝေါၚ် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ဝိက်ရှေန်နရဳ:သ္ဂုတ်သွာတ်သွက်လုပ်အဝေါၚ်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Relevanskriterier" title="Wiktionary:Relevanskriterier – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" data-title="Wiktionary:Relevanskriterier" data-language-autonym="Norsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Criteria_for_inclusion" title="Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wikcion%C3%A1rio:Crit%C3%A9rios_de_inclus%C3%A3o" title="Wikcionário:Critérios de inclusão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikcionário:Critérios de inclusão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C:%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Викисловарь:Критерии включения в словарь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Викисловарь:Критерии включения в словарь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92:%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%85%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B3%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%9A" title="වික්ෂනරි:ඇතුළත් කිරීම සඳහා නිර්ණායක – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වික්ෂනරි:ඇතුළත් කිරීම සඳහා නිර්ණායක" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Criteria_for_inclusion" title="Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wikisanakirja:Mik%C3%A4_kuuluu_Wikisanakirjaan" title="Wikisanakirja:Mikä kuuluu Wikisanakirjaan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wikisanakirja:Mikä kuuluu Wikisanakirjaan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Stilguide/Vilka_ord_ska_tas_med" title="Wiktionary:Stilguide/Vilka ord ska tas med – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wiktionary:Stilguide/Vilka ord ska tas med" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Vikis%C3%B6zl%C3%BCk:Kabul_edilme_kriterleri" title="Vikisözlük:Kabul edilme kriterleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vikisözlük:Kabul edilme kriterleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Quy_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_m%E1%BB%A5c_t%E1%BB%AB" title="Wiktionary:Quy định mục từ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Wiktionary:Quy định mục từ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://yue.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%AD%E5%85%B8:%E6%94%B6%E9%8C%84%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96" title="維基辭典:收錄標準 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="維基辭典:收錄標準" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:%E6%94%B6%E5%BD%95%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86" title="Wiktionary:收录标准 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Wiktionary:收录标准" data-language-autonym="中文" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wiktionary, the free dictionary</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r81599729">.mw-parser-output .policy-box{border-top:3px;border-bottom:3px;border-style:solid;border-left:0px;border-right:0px;text-align:center;width:95%;margin:auto;margin-bottom:0.5em;padding:5px 0px}.mw-parser-output .policy-box .policy-box-image{width:72px}.mw-parser-output .policy-box{background-color:#F5F5F5;border-color:#888}.mw-parser-output .policy-box.policy-official{background-color:#F3F5FF;border-color:#88F}.mw-parser-output .policy-box.policy-dp{background-color:#F3F5FF;border-color:#88F}.mw-parser-output .policy-box.policy-ed{background-color:#FFF3FF;border-color:#D4D}.mw-parser-output .policy-box.policy-tt{background-color:#F3FFF5;border-color:#4A4}.mw-parser-output .policy-box.page-inactive{background-color:#F5F5F5;border-color:#999}.mw-parser-output .policy-box.page-obsolete{background-color:#F3F5F4;border-color:#666}.mw-parser-output .policy-box.essay-box{background:none}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .policy-box{background-color:#252525;border-color:#666}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .policy-box.policy-official{background-color:#23252F;border-color:#66B}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .policy-box.policy-dp{background-color:#23252F;border-color:#66B}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .policy-box.policy-ed{background-color:#2F232F;border-color:#838}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .policy-box.policy-tt{background-color:#232F25;border-color:#383}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .policy-box.page-inactive{background-color:#252525;border-color:#666}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .policy-box.page-obsolete{background-color:#232524;border-color:#444}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .policy-box.essay-box{background:none}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .policy-box{background-color:#252525;border-color:#666}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .policy-box.policy-official{background-color:#23252F;border-color:#66B}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .policy-box.policy-dp{background-color:#23252F;border-color:#66B}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .policy-box.policy-ed{background-color:#2F232F;border-color:#838}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .policy-box.policy-tt{background-color:#232F25;border-color:#383}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .policy-box.page-inactive{background-color:#252525;border-color:#666}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .policy-box.page-obsolete{background-color:#232524;border-color:#444}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .policy-box.essay-box{background:none}}</style> <table role="presentation" class="policy-box policy-official"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2" class="policy-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Application-certificate_Gion.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="link={{{imglink}}}"><img alt="link={{{imglink}}}" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Application-certificate_Gion.svg/50px-Application-certificate_Gion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Application-certificate_Gion.svg/75px-Application-certificate_Gion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Application-certificate_Gion.svg/100px-Application-certificate_Gion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"/></a></span> </td> <td>This is a <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wiktionary:Policies and guidelines">Wiktionary policy, guideline or common practices page</a>. <br/>It should not be modified without discussion and consensus. Any substantial or contested changes require a <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:VOTE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary:VOTE">VOTE</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Policies</b> – Entries: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">CFI</a> - <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Entry_layout" title="Wiktionary:Entry layout">EL</a> - <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Normalization_of_entries" title="Wiktionary:Normalization of entries">NORM</a> - <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wiktionary:Neutral point of view">NPOV</a> - <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Quotations" title="Wiktionary:Quotations">QUOTE</a> - <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Redirections" title="Wiktionary:Redirections">REDIR</a> - <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Page_deletion_guidelines" title="Wiktionary:Page deletion guidelines">DELETE</a>. Languages: <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Language_treatment" title="Wiktionary:Language treatment">LT</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Wiktionary_language_considerations" title="Category:Wiktionary language considerations">AXX</a>. Others: <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Blocking_policy" title="Wiktionary:Blocking policy">BLOCK</a> - <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Bots" title="Wiktionary:Bots">BOTS</a> - <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Voting_policy" title="Wiktionary:Voting policy">VOTES</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As an international dictionary, Wiktionary is intended to include “all words in all languages”, subject to the following criteria.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="noprint plainlinks shortcut-box"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Shortcut" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary:Shortcut">Shortcut</a>:<br/><code><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:CFI&redirect=no">WT:CFI</a></code></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="General_rule" data-mw-thread-id="h-General_rule"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-General_rule"></span>General rule<span data-mw-comment-end="h-General_rule"></span></h2></div> <p>A term should be included if it's likely that someone would <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/run_across#English" title="run across">run across</a></span> it and want to know what it means. This in turn leads to the somewhat more formal guideline of including a <a href="#Terms">term</a> if it is <b><a href="#Attestation">attested</a></b> and, when that is met, if it is a single word or it is <b><a href="#Idiomaticity">idiomatic</a></b>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terms" data-mw-thread-id="h-Terms-General_rule"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Terms-General_rule"></span>Terms<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Terms-General_rule"></span></h3></div> <p>A term need not be limited to a single word in the usual sense. Any of these are also acceptable: </p> <ul><li>Compounds and multiple-word terms such as <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/post_office#English" title="post office">post office</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/idiom" title="idiom">Idioms</a> such as <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/go_on#English" title="go on">go on</a></i> and <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/give_up_the_ghost#English" title="give up the ghost">give up the ghost</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/proverb" title="proverb">Proverbs</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/abbreviation" title="abbreviation">Abbreviations</a>, <a href="/wiki/acronym" title="acronym">acronyms</a>, and <a href="/wiki/initialism" title="initialism">initialisms</a> such as <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/NBA#English" title="NBA">NBA</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/prefix" title="prefix">Prefixes</a> and <a href="/wiki/suffix" title="suffix">suffixes</a> such as <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/re-#English" title="re-">re-</a></i> and <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/-ist#English" title="-ist">-ist</a></i>.</li> <li>Characters used in <a href="/wiki/ideograph" title="ideograph">ideographic</a> or <a href="/wiki/phonetic" title="phonetic">phonetic</a> writing such as <i class="Hani mention" lang="mul"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97#Translingual" title="字">字</a></i> or <i class="None mention" lang="mul"><a href="/wiki/%CA%83#Translingual" title="ʃ">ʃ</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attestation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Attestation-General_rule"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Attestation-General_rule"></span>Attestation<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Attestation-General_rule"></span></h3></div> <div class="noprint plainlinks shortcut-box"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Shortcut" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary:Shortcut">Shortcut</a>:<br/><code><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:ATTEST&redirect=no">WT:ATTEST</a></code></div> <p>“<a href="/wiki/attested#Adjective" title="attested">Attested</a>” means verified through<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>clearly widespread use, or</li> <li>use in durably archived media, <a href="#Conveying_meaning">conveying meaning</a>, in at least three <a href="#Independent">independent</a> instances spanning at least a year (<a href="#Number_of_citations">different requirements</a> apply for certain languages).<sup id="cite_ref-2012-04_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012-04-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Durably_archived" data-mw-thread-id="h-Durably_archived-Attestation"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Durably_archived-Attestation"></span>Durably archived<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Durably_archived-Attestation"></span></h4></div> <p>Where possible, it is better to cite sources that are likely to remain easily accessible over time, so that someone referring to Wiktionary years from now is likely to be able to find the original source.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of such sources to show that a term meets the minimum attestation requirements will be expected if the entry is challenged at <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:RFV" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary:RFV">requests for verification</a>. </p> <ul><li>Print media such as books and magazines are a durably archived source of attestation, particularly if their contents are indexed online. When citing a quotation from a book, please include the ISBN if possible.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a> messages posted on or before 21 February 2024<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are durably archived by Google.</li> <li>Other online-only sources may also contribute towards attestation requirements if editors come to a consensus through a discussion lasting at least two weeks. When citing an online-only source, please include an archive URL to a Web archiving service such as the Internet Archive.</li> <li>Other recorded media such as audio and video are also acceptable, provided they are of verifiable origin and are durably archived.</li></ul> <p>We do not quote other Wikimedia sites<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (such as Wikipedia), but we may use quotations found on them (such as quotations from books available on Wikisource). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Conveying_meaning" data-mw-thread-id="h-Conveying_meaning-Attestation"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Conveying_meaning-Attestation"></span>Conveying meaning<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Conveying_meaning-Attestation"></span></h4></div> <div class="disambig-see-also"><i>See also:</i> <b class="Latn"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/use%E2%80%93mention_distinction" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:use–mention distinction">use–mention distinction</a></b></div> <p>This filters out appearance in raw word lists, commentary on the form of a word, such as “The word ‘foo’ has three letters,” lone definitions, and made-up examples of how a word might be used. For example, an appearance in someone’s online dictionary is suggestive, but it does not show the word actually used to convey meaning. On the other hand, a sentence like “They raised the jib (a small sail forward of the mainsail) in order to get the most out of the light wind,” appearing in an account of a sailboat race, would be fine. It happens to contain a definition, but the word is also used for its meaning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Number_of_citations" data-mw-thread-id="h-Number_of_citations-Attestation"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Number_of_citations-Attestation"></span>Number of citations<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Number_of_citations-Attestation"></span></h4></div> <p>For <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Criteria_for_inclusion/Well_documented_languages" title="Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion/Well documented languages">languages well documented on the Internet</a>, three citations in which a term is used is the minimum number for inclusion in Wiktionary. For terms in extinct languages, one use in a contemporaneous source is the minimum, or one mention is adequate subject to the below requirements. For all other spoken languages that are living, only one use or mention is adequate, subject to the following requirements: </p> <ul><li>the community of editors for that language should maintain, at the relevant <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:AXX" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary:AXX">language considerations page</a>, a list of materials deemed appropriate as the only sources for entries based on a single mention, and</li> <li>each entry should have its source(s) listed on the entry or <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Quotations#Citations_pages" title="Wiktionary:Quotations">citations page</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Independent" data-mw-thread-id="h-Independent-Attestation"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Independent-Attestation"></span>Independent<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Independent-Attestation"></span></h4></div> <p>This serves to prevent double-counting of usages that are not truly distinct. Roughly speaking, we generally consider two uses of a term to be "independent" if they are in different sentences by different people, and to be non-independent if: </p> <ul><li>one is a verbatim or near-verbatim quotation of the other; or</li> <li>both are verbatim or near-verbatim quotations or translations of a single original source; or</li> <li>both are by the same author.</li></ul> <p>If two or more usages are not independent of each other, then only one of them can be used for purposes of attestation.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spanning_at_least_a_year" data-mw-thread-id="h-Spanning_at_least_a_year-Attestation"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Spanning_at_least_a_year-Attestation"></span>Spanning at least a year<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Spanning_at_least_a_year-Attestation"></span></h4></div> <p>This is meant to filter out words that may appear and see brief use, but then never be used again. The one-year threshold is somewhat arbitrary, but appears to work well in practice. </p><p>To allow Wiktionary to cover new coinages and emerging vocabulary, "hot words" (words for which all identified durably archived sources have been published within the last two years) are exempt from the "spanning at least a year" criterion. For example, a word which first appeared in a book published on 1 July 2023 is not subject to the "spanning at least a year" criterion before 1 July 2025, but this "hot word" must still satisfy all other criteria for inclusion and may be challenged under those criteria at any time.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Derogatory_terms" data-mw-thread-id="h-Derogatory_terms-Attestation"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Derogatory_terms-Attestation"></span>Derogatory terms<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Derogatory_terms-Attestation"></span></h4></div> <div class="noprint plainlinks shortcut-box"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Shortcut" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary:Shortcut">Shortcut</a>:<br/><code><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:DEROGATORY&redirect=no">WT:DEROGATORY</a></code></div> <p>If a term is derogatory to an individual, group of persons, or geographical location, it must meet the usual attestation requirements within: </p> <ul><li>two weeks of the term being created, or if this period has passed,</li> <li>two weeks of the term being nominated for <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Requests_for_deletion" title="Wiktionary:Requests for deletion">deletion</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Requests_for_verification" title="Wiktionary:Requests for verification">verification</a>.</li></ul> <p>Otherwise, it may be <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Page_deletion_guidelines" title="Wiktionary:Page deletion guidelines">speedily deleted</a> after that period. </p><p>A term is considered derogatory if it is apparently intended to: </p> <ul><li>denigrate a named individual in any way; or</li> <li>denigrate an unnamed person, group of persons, or geographical location on the basis of ancestry, ethnicity, gender or sex, religion, or sexual orientation, or with the use of a demeaning or obscene term.</li></ul> <p>The speedy deletion of a term is without prejudice to its re-creation if the attestation requirements can be satisfied as described above.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Idiomaticity" data-mw-thread-id="h-Idiomaticity-General_rule"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Idiomaticity-General_rule"></span>Idiomaticity<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Idiomaticity-General_rule"></span></h3></div> <div class="noprint plainlinks shortcut-box"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Shortcut" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary:Shortcut">Shortcut</a>:<br/><code><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:SOP&redirect=no">WT:SOP</a></code></div> <p>An expression is <b>idiomatic</b> if its full meaning cannot be easily derived from the meaning of its separate components. Non-idiomatic expressions are called <b>sum-of-parts</b> (SOP). </p><p>For example, <i>this is a door</i> is not idiomatic, but <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/shut_up#English" title="shut up">shut up</a></i> and <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/red_herring#English" title="red herring">red herring</a></i> are. </p><p>This criterion is sometimes referred to as the <i>fried egg test</i>, as a <a href="/wiki/fried_egg" title="fried egg">fried egg</a> generally means an egg (and generally a chicken egg or similar) fried in a particular way. It generally doesn't denote a <a href="/wiki/scrambled_egg" title="scrambled egg">scrambled egg</a>, which may nonetheless be cooked by frying. </p><p>See <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Idioms_that_survived_RFD" title="Wiktionary:Idioms that survived RFD">Wiktionary:Idioms that survived RFD</a> for other examples. However, many idioms are clearly idiomatic, for example <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/red_herring#English" title="red herring">red herring</a></i>. These tests are invoked only in discussion of unclear cases. </p><p>Phrasebook entries are very common expressions that are considered useful to non-native speakers. Although these are included as entries in the dictionary (in the main namespace), they are not usually considered in these terms. For instance, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/what_is_your_name#English" title="what is your name">what is your name</a></i> is clearly a summation of its parts. </p><p>Unidiomatic terms made up of multiple words are included if they are significantly more common than single-word spellings that meet criteria for inclusion; for example, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/coalmine#English" title="coalmine">coalmine</a></i> meets criteria for inclusion, so its more common form <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/coal_mine#English" title="coal mine">coal mine</a></i> is also included.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An attested integer word (such as <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/twenty-three#English" title="twenty-three">twenty-three</a></i> or <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/twenty-third#English" title="twenty-third">twenty-third</a></i>) or a decimal numeral (sequence of 0, ..., 9 digits) that is ≥ 0 and ≤ 100 should be kept even if it is not idiomatic. In sequences of digits such as 125, the digits are considered to be separate components for the purpose of idiomaticity, and therefore, the sequences are often not idiomatic.<sup id="cite_ref-numerals_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-numerals-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In rare cases, a phrase that is arguably unidiomatic may be included by the consensus of the community, based on the determination of editors that inclusion of the term is likely to be useful to readers. </p><p>Idiomaticity rules apply to hyphenated compounds in the same way as to spaced phrases. For example, <i>wine-lover</i>, <i>green-haired</i>, <i>harsh-sounding</i> and <i>ex-teacher</i> are all excluded as they mean no more than the sum of their parts, while <i><a href="/wiki/green-fingered" title="green-fingered">green-fingered</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/good-looking" title="good-looking">good-looking</a></i> are included as idiomatic. The definition of a hyphenated compound merely as an attributive form of the corresponding spaced phrase is not eligible for inclusion. For example a definition of <i>periodic-table</i> as "<i>attributive form of</i> <a href="/wiki/periodic_table" title="periodic table">periodic table</a>" is ineligible.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Descendant_hubs" data-mw-thread-id="h-Descendant_hubs-General_rule"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Descendant_hubs-General_rule"></span>Descendant hubs<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Descendant_hubs-General_rule"></span></h3></div> <div class="noprint plainlinks shortcut-box"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Shortcut" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary:Shortcut">Shortcut</a>:<br/><code><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:DHUB&redirect=no">WT:DHUB</a></code></div> <p><a href="#Attestation">Attested</a> terms that would otherwise fail the criteria of inclusion may still be included if they contain at least two inclusion-worthy descendants.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Translation_hubs" data-mw-thread-id="h-Translation_hubs-General_rule"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Translation_hubs-General_rule"></span>Translation hubs<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Translation_hubs-General_rule"></span></h3></div> <div class="noprint plainlinks shortcut-box"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Shortcut" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary:Shortcut">Shortcut</a>:<br/><code><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:THUB&redirect=no">WT:THUB</a></code></div> <p>A translation hub (translation target) is a common English multi-word term or <a href="/wiki/collocation" title="collocation">collocation</a> that is useful for hosting translations. Some attested translation hubs should be included despite being non-idiomatic and some excluded, but there is no agreement on precise, all-encompassing rules for deciding which are which. Therefore, the following criteria for inclusion of attested non-idiomatic translation hubs are tentative:<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The attested English term has to be common; rare terms don't qualify.</li> <li>A translation does not qualify to support the English term if it is: <ul><li>a closed compound that is a word-for-word translation of the English term: German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Autoschl%C3%BCssel#German" title="Autoschlüssel">Autoschlüssel</a></i> does not qualify to support the English "car key"; or</li> <li>a multi-word phrase that is a word-for-word translation of the English term; or</li> <li>a diminutive: Spanish <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/mecedorcito#Spanish" title="mecedorcito">mecedorcito</a></i> does not qualify to support the English "small rocking chair"; or</li> <li>an augmentative: Portuguese <i class="Latn mention" lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/amig%C3%A3o#Portuguese" title="amigão">amigão</a></i> does not qualify to support the English "good friend"; or</li> <li>a comparative or a superlative; or</li> <li>a phrase in a language that does not use spaces to separate words.</li></ul></li> <li>At the very least, two qualifying translations must support the English term. Editor judgment can require a higher number, on a case-by-case basis.</li> <li>The existence of a rare single-word English synonym of the considered English term does not disqualify the considered English term: the existence of <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Anglistics#English" title="Anglistics">Anglistics</a></i>, which is rare, does not disqualify <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/English_studies#English" title="English studies">English studies</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numbers,_numerals,_and_ordinals" data-mw-thread-id="h-Numbers,_numerals,_and_ordinals-General_rule"><span id="Numbers.2C_numerals.2C_and_ordinals"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Numbers,_numerals,_and_ordinals-General_rule"></span>Numbers, numerals, and ordinals<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Numbers,_numerals,_and_ordinals-General_rule"></span></h3></div> <p>Numbers, numerals, and ordinals over 100 that are not single words or are sequences of digits should not be included in the dictionary, unless the number, numeral, or ordinal in question has a separate idiomatic sense that meets the CFI.<sup id="cite_ref-numerals_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-numerals-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spellings" data-mw-thread-id="h-Spellings-General_rule"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Spellings-General_rule"></span>Spellings<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Spellings-General_rule"></span></h3></div> <p>All attested spellings except for some misspellings (see <a href="#Misspellings">below</a> for more) should be included on Wiktionary. There is no simple hard and fast rule, particularly in English, for determining which category (correct spellings, misspellings, variant spellings) a specific spelling belongs to. Published dictionaries, grammars, style guides<span class="serial-comma">,</span> and statistics can be useful guides in this regard but they are not necessarily binding. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Misspellings" data-mw-thread-id="h-Misspellings-Spellings"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Misspellings-Spellings"></span>Misspellings<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Misspellings-Spellings"></span></h4></div> <p>Only common misspellings should be included.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/occurence#English" title="occurence">occurence</a></i> with one <i>r</i> is a common misspelling of <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/occurrence#English" title="occurrence">occurrence</a></i>. This also applies to <a href="/wiki/Category:Intentional_misspellings_by_language" title="Category:Intentional misspellings by language">intentional misspellings</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Typos" data-mw-thread-id="h-Typos-Misspellings"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Typos-Misspellings"></span>Typos<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Typos-Misspellings"></span></h5></div> <div class="noprint plainlinks shortcut-box"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Shortcut" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary:Shortcut">Shortcut</a>:<br/><code><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:TYPO&redirect=no">WT:TYPO</a></code></div> <p>Typos are words whose spelling comes about by an accident of typing or type-setting, without the intention of the writer. Typos should not be included, not even if they are relatively frequent. When a misspelling only differs from a correct spelling by one character, especially if the alternate characters are adjacent on the keyboard layout that the writer has likely used, this is a good indication that the misspelling may be a typo. Typos can often also be recognized as such by the fact that the term also occurs in the correct spelling in the same work. Conversely, when an author consistently uses a misspelled form, it is a sign that the misspelling is not merely a typo.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Variant_spellings" data-mw-thread-id="h-Variant_spellings-Spellings"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Variant_spellings-Spellings"></span>Variant spellings<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Variant_spellings-Spellings"></span></h4></div> <p>Regional or historical variations are not misspellings. For example, in English, there are well-known <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_and_British_English_spelling_differences" class="extiw" title="w:American and British English spelling differences">differences between British and American spelling</a>, such as <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/color#English" title="color">color</a></i> (US) versus <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/colour#English" title="colour">colour</a></i> (UK). Both should be included. And <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/musick#English" title="musick">musick</a></i>, now archaic, was once the most common way to spell <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/music#English" title="music">music</a></i>. A spelling considered incorrect in one region may not occur at all in another, and may even dominate in yet another. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Combining_characters" data-mw-thread-id="h-Combining_characters-Spellings"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Combining_characters-Spellings"></span>Combining characters<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Combining_characters-Spellings"></span></h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/combining_character" title="combining character">Combining characters</a> (like the <a href="/wiki/%CC%81" class="mw-redirect" title="́">combining acute accent</a>) should exist as main-namespace redirects to their non-combining forms (like the <a href="/wiki/%C2%B4" title="´">plain acute accent</a>) if the latter exist.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inflections" data-mw-thread-id="h-Inflections-General_rule"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Inflections-General_rule"></span>Inflections<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Inflections-General_rule"></span></h3></div> <p>The entries for such inflected forms as <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/cameras#English" title="cameras">cameras</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/geese#English" title="geese">geese</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/asked#English" title="asked">asked</a></i>, and <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/were#English" title="were">were</a></i> should indicate what form they are, and link to the main entry for the word (<i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/camera#English" title="camera">camera</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/goose#English" title="goose">goose</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/ask#English" title="ask">ask</a></i>, or <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/be#English" title="be">be</a></i>, respectively, for the preceding examples). Except with multi-word idioms, they should not merely redirect. </p><p>At entries for inflected forms with idiomatic senses, such as <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/blues#English" title="blues">blues</a></i> and <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/smitten#English" title="smitten">smitten</a></i>, predictable meanings should be distinguished from idiomatic ones.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repetitions" data-mw-thread-id="h-Repetitions-General_rule"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Repetitions-General_rule"></span>Repetitions<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Repetitions-General_rule"></span></h3></div> <p>Attested repetitive words formed by repeating letters or syllables in other attested words for emphasis, and having no other meaning in any language shall be treated as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Each attested repetitive form that has no more than three repetitions shall have an entry.</li> <li>Each attested repetitive form that has more than three repetitions shall be hard-redirected to the entry having three repetitions. The three-repetition entry shall have a usage note indicating that additional instances of the letter or syllable may be added for the purely literary effect of indicating emphasis.</li></ol> <p>An example of repeated letters is the repeated "e" in "pleeease" and "pleeeeeease" compared to "please". </p><p>An example of repeated syllables is the repeated "ha" in "hahahahaha" compared to "hahaha". </p><p>As for repetition counting: "hahaha" is considered to have three repetitions, while "haha" has two repetitions. </p><p>To hard-redirect is to use "#REDIRECT", which immediately takes the reader to the target page. </p><p>The above treatment may be overriden by consensus, for example where a variation having four repetitions is more common, or where an additional repetition would cause the word to shift to a different pronunciation or intonation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Idiomatic_phrases" data-mw-thread-id="h-Idiomatic_phrases"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Idiomatic_phrases"></span>Idiomatic phrases<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Idiomatic_phrases"></span></h2></div> <p>Many phrases take several forms. It is not necessary to include every conceivable variant. When present, minor variants should simply redirect to the main entry. For the main entry, prefer the most generic form, based on the following principles: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronouns" data-mw-thread-id="h-Pronouns-Idiomatic_phrases"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Pronouns-Idiomatic_phrases"></span>Pronouns<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Pronouns-Idiomatic_phrases"></span></h3></div> <p>Prefer the generic personal pronoun <i>one</i> (<i>one's</i>) when an action is usually reflexive, and <i>someone</i> (<i>someone's</i>) when an action is usually not reflexive. Thus, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/feel_one%27s_oats#English" title="feel one's oats">feel one’s oats</a></i> (preferable to <i>feel his oats</i>), <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/breathe_down_someone%27s_neck#English" title="breathe down someone's neck">breathe down someone's neck</a></i>. Use of other personal pronouns, especially in the singular, should be avoided except where they are essential to the meaning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Articles-Idiomatic_phrases"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Articles-Idiomatic_phrases"></span>Articles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Articles-Idiomatic_phrases"></span></h3></div> <p>Omit an initial article unless it makes a difference in the meaning. For example, our entry is named <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/girl_next_door#English" title="girl next door">girl next door</a></i> instead of <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/the_girl_next_door#English" class="mw-redirect" title="the girl next door">the girl next door</a></i>. However, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/the_bomb#English" title="the bomb">the bomb</a></i> exists as a separate entry from <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/bomb#English" title="bomb">bomb</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verbs" data-mw-thread-id="h-Verbs-Idiomatic_phrases"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Verbs-Idiomatic_phrases"></span>Verbs<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Verbs-Idiomatic_phrases"></span></h3></div> <p>Use the infinitive form of the verb (but without “to”) for the principal verb of a verbal phrase. Thus for the saying <i>It’s raining cats and dogs,</i> or <i>It was raining cats and dogs,</i> or <i>I think it’s going to rain cats and dogs any minute now,</i> or <i>It’s rained cats and dogs for the last week solid</i> the entry should be (and is) under <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/rain_cats_and_dogs#English" title="rain cats and dogs">rain cats and dogs</a></i>. The other variants are derived by the usual rules of grammar (including the use of <i>it</i> with weather terms and other <a href="/wiki/impersonal_verb" title="impersonal verb">impersonal verbs</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proverbs" data-mw-thread-id="h-Proverbs-Idiomatic_phrases"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Proverbs-Idiomatic_phrases"></span>Proverbs<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Proverbs-Idiomatic_phrases"></span></h3></div> <p>A proverb entry's title begins with a lowercase letter, whether it is a full sentence or not. The first word may still be capitalized on its own: </p> <ul><li><i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/you_can%27t_judge_a_book_by_its_cover#English" title="you can't judge a book by its cover">you can't judge a book by its cover</a></i></li> <li><i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Rome_wasn%27t_built_in_a_day#English" title="Rome wasn't built in a day">Rome wasn't built in a day</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Languages_to_include" data-mw-thread-id="h-Languages_to_include"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Languages_to_include"></span>Languages to include<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Languages_to_include"></span></h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_languages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Natural_languages-Languages_to_include"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Natural_languages-Languages_to_include"></span>Natural languages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Natural_languages-Languages_to_include"></span></h3></div> <div class="disambig-see-also"><i>See also:</i> <b class="Latn"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Language_treatment" title="Wiktionary:Language treatment">Language treatment</a></b></div> <p>All natural languages are acceptable. However, it is important to note that the question of whether a proposed language is considered a living language or a dialect of or alternate name for another language is inherently subjective in some cases, and either designation may have political overtones. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sign_languages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Sign_languages-Natural_languages"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Sign_languages-Natural_languages"></span>Sign languages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Sign_languages-Natural_languages"></span></h4></div> <p>Terms in signed languages are acceptable as entries, and should be entered as described in the policy document <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:About_sign_languages" title="Wiktionary:About sign languages">Wiktionary:About sign languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constructed_languages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Constructed_languages-Languages_to_include"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Constructed_languages-Languages_to_include"></span>Constructed languages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Constructed_languages-Languages_to_include"></span></h3></div> <p>Constructed languages have not developed naturally, but are the product of conscious effort in the fulfillment of some purpose. </p><p>All constructed languages are excluded from the main namespace except for <b><a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Ido" title="Ido">Ido</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Interlingua" title="Interlingua">Interlingua</a></b>, and <b><a href="/wiki/Volap%C3%BCk" title="Volapük">Volapük</a></b>. </p><p>Some individual terms from constructed languages have been adopted into other languages. These should be treated as terms in the adoptive language, and the origin noted in the etymology, regardless of whether the constructed language as a whole is included. </p><p>Other constructed languages should not be included as entries or translations in the main namespace, but may have lexicons in the <a href="/wiki/Appendix:Contents" class="mw-redirect" title="Appendix:Contents">Appendix</a> namespace at the community's discretion. One use in a durably archived source is the minimum attestation required for an individual entry in an appendix-only constructed language.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reconstructed_languages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Reconstructed_languages-Languages_to_include"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Reconstructed_languages-Languages_to_include"></span>Reconstructed languages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Reconstructed_languages-Languages_to_include"></span></h3></div> <div class="disambig-see-also"><i>See also:</i> <b class="Latn"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Reconstructed_terms" title="Wiktionary:Reconstructed terms">Reconstructed terms</a></b></div> <p>Terms in reconstructed languages such as <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European" title="Proto-Indo-European">Proto-Indo-European</a> do not meet the criteria for inclusion. They may be entered in the Reconstruction namespace, and are referred to from etymology sections.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Exclusions" data-mw-thread-id="h-Exclusions"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Exclusions"></span>Exclusions<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Exclusions"></span></h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fictional_universes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Fictional_universes-Exclusions"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Fictional_universes-Exclusions"></span>Fictional universes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Fictional_universes-Exclusions"></span></h3></div> <div class="noprint plainlinks shortcut-box"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Shortcut" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary:Shortcut">Shortcut</a>:<br/><code><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:FICTION&redirect=no">WT:FICTION</a></code></div> <div class="disambig-see-also"><i>See also:</i> <b class="Latn"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Criteria_for_inclusion/Fictional_universes" title="Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion/Fictional universes">Criteria for inclusion/Fictional universes</a></b></div> <p>Terms originating in fictional universes which have three citations in separate works, but which do not have three citations which are independent of reference to that universe may be included only in appendices of words from that universe, and not in the main dictionary space.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With respect to names of persons or places from fictional universes, they shall not be included unless they are used out of context in an attributive sense. </p><p>For purposes of defining a single work, a series of books, films, or television episodes by the same author, documenting the exploits of a common set of characters in a fictional universe (e.g. the <i>Harry Potter</i> books, Tolkien's Middle-earth books, the <i>Star Wars</i> films), shall be considered a single work in multiple parts. </p> <dl><dd><i>The vote "<a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-10/Disallowing_certain_appendices" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-10/Disallowing certain appendices">pl-2010-10/Disallowing certain appendices</a>" is relevant to this section, without specifying text to be amended in this document, so please see it for details.</i><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wiktionary_is_not_an_encyclopedia" data-mw-thread-id="h-Wiktionary_is_not_an_encyclopedia-Exclusions"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Wiktionary_is_not_an_encyclopedia-Exclusions"></span>Wiktionary is not an encyclopedia<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Wiktionary_is_not_an_encyclopedia-Exclusions"></span></h3></div> <div class="disambig-see-also"><i>See also:</i> <b class="Latn"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:What_Wiktionary_is_not" title="Wiktionary:What Wiktionary is not">What Wiktionary is not</a></b></div> <p>Care should be taken so that entries do not become <a href="/wiki/encyclopedic" title="encyclopedic">encyclopedic</a> in nature; if this happens, such content should be moved to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, but the dictionary entry itself should be kept. </p><p>Wiktionary articles are about words, not about people or places. Articles about the specific places and people belong in Wikipedia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sarcastic_usage" data-mw-thread-id="h-Sarcastic_usage-Exclusions"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Sarcastic_usage-Exclusions"></span>Sarcastic usage<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Sarcastic_usage-Exclusions"></span></h3></div> <p>The straightforward <a href="/wiki/sarcastic" title="sarcastic">sarcastic</a> use of <a href="/wiki/irony" title="irony">irony</a>, <a href="/wiki/understatement" title="understatement">understatement</a> and <a href="/wiki/hyperbole" title="hyperbole">hyperbole</a> does not usually qualify for inclusion. This means, for example, that <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/big#English" title="big">big</a></i> should not be defined as “(<i>ironic</i>) <a href="/wiki/small" title="small">small</a>”, “(<i>understatement</i>) <a href="/wiki/gigantic" title="gigantic">gigantic</a>” or “(<i>hyperbole</i>) moderately <a href="/wiki/large" title="large">large</a>”. Common rhetorical use can be explained in a usage note, a context tag (such as (<i>usually sarcastic</i>)) or as part of the literal definition. Terms which are seldom or never used literally (e.g. <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/fat_chance#English" title="fat chance">fat chance</a></i>) are not covered by this rule, and can be included on their own merits.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language-specific_issues" data-mw-thread-id="h-Language-specific_issues-Exclusions"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Language-specific_issues-Exclusions"></span>Language-specific issues<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Language-specific_issues-Exclusions"></span></h3></div> <p>Individual languages may have additional restrictions on inclusion. These will be mentioned on that language's About page. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:English_entry_guidelines" title="Wiktionary:English entry guidelines">Wiktionary:English entry guidelines</a> notes that the community has voted<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to not allow most modern English possessives.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemical_formulae" data-mw-thread-id="h-Chemical_formulae-Exclusions"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Chemical_formulae-Exclusions"></span>Chemical formulae<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Chemical_formulae-Exclusions"></span></h3></div> <div class="noprint plainlinks shortcut-box"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Shortcut" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary:Shortcut">Shortcut</a>:<br/><code><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:CHEM&redirect=no">WT:CHEM</a></code></div> <p>All chemical formulae are Translingual. To be included, chemical formulae must be attested in publications that (1) are not written for a scientific or technical audience; (2) don't make clear that they're formulae by e.g. explicitly discussing chemical formulae or by listing their component parts; and (3) do not otherwise explain the meaning of the formula. So, a textbook saying "AsH₃ is made up of an As and three H atoms" wouldn't support AsH₃, but a murder mystery saying "the air in his scuba tank had been replaced with CO2" could support <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul"><a href="/wiki/CO%E2%82%82#Translingual" title="CO₂">CO₂</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Names"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Names"></span>Names<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Names"></span></h2></div> <div class="noprint plainlinks shortcut-box"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Shortcut" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary:Shortcut">Shortcut</a>:<br/><code><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:NAMES&redirect=no">WT:NAMES</a></code></div> <p>Names fall into several categories, including company names, the names of products, given names, family names, and the full names of specific people, places<span class="serial-comma">,</span> and things. Wiktionary classifies all as proper nouns, but applies caveats to each. </p><p>Generic terms are common rather than proper nouns. For example: <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Remington#English" title="Remington">Remington</a></i> is used as a synonym for any sort of rifle, and <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Hoover#English" title="Hoover">Hoover</a></i> as a synonym for any sort of vacuum cleaner. (Both are also attested family name words, and are included on that basis as well, of course.) <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Hamburger#English" title="Hamburger">Hamburger</a></i> is used as generic term for a type of sandwich. One good rule of thumb as to whether a name has become a generic word is whether the word can be used without capitalization (as indeed <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/sandwich#English" title="sandwich">sandwich</a></i> was in the previous sentence). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brand_names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Brand_names-Names"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Brand_names-Names"></span>Brand names<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Brand_names-Names"></span></h3></div> <div class="noprint plainlinks shortcut-box"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Shortcut" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary:Shortcut">Shortcut</a>:<br/><code><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:BRAND&redirect=no">WT:BRAND</a></code></div> <div class="disambig-see-also"><i>See also:</i> <b class="Latn"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Criteria_for_inclusion/Brand_names" title="Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion/Brand names">Criteria for inclusion/Brand names</a></b></div> <p><b>A brand name for a product or service should be included if it has entered the lexicon.</b><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from genericized trademarks, this is measured objectively by the brand name’s use in at least three independent durably archived citations spanning a period of at least three years. The sources of these citations: </p> <ol><li>must be independent of any parties with economic interest in the brand, including the manufacturer, distributors, retailers, marketers, and advertisers, their parent companies, subsidiaries, and affiliates, at time of authorship; and</li> <li>must not identify any such parties.</li></ol> <p>If the term has legal protection as a trademark, the original source must not indicate such. The sources also must not be written: </p> <ol><li>by any person or group associated with the type of product or service;</li> <li>about any person or group specifically associated with the product or service; or</li> <li>about the type of product or service in general.</li></ol> <p>The text preceding and surrounding the citation must not identify the product or service to which the brand name applies, whether by stating explicitly or implicitly some feature or use of the product or service from which its type and purpose may be surmised, or some inherent quality that is necessary for an understanding of the author’s intent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Given_and_family_names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Given_and_family_names-Names"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Given_and_family_names-Names"></span>Given and family names<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Given_and_family_names-Names"></span></h3></div> <p><b>Given names (such as <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Gunther#English" title="Gunther">Gunther</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Leslie#English" title="Leslie">Leslie</a></i>, and <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Lyudmila#English" title="Lyudmila">Lyudmila</a></i>) and family names (such as <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Baker#English" title="Baker">Baker</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Bautista#English" title="Bautista">Bautista</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Li#English" title="Li">Li</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Nganga#English" title="Nganga">Nganga</a></i>, and <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Nishimura#English" title="Nishimura">Nishimura</a></i>) are words, and subject to the same criteria for inclusion as any other words.</b> Wiktionary has main articles giving etymologies, alternative spellings, meanings, and translations for given names and family names, and has two appendices for indexing those articles: <a href="/wiki/Appendix:Names" title="Appendix:Names">Appendix:Names</a>, <a href="/wiki/Appendix:Surnames/A" title="Appendix:Surnames/A">Appendix:Surnames/A</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For most given names and family names, it is relatively easy to demonstrate that the word fulfills the criteria, as for most given names and family names the name words are in widespread use in both spoken communication and literature. However, being a name per se does not automatically qualify a word for inclusion. A new name, that has not been attested, is still a protologism. A name that occurs only in the works of fiction of a single author, a television series or a video game, or within a closed context such as the works of several authors writing about a single fictional universe, is not used independently and should not be included. </p><p><a href="/wiki/hypocoristic" title="hypocoristic">Hypocoristics</a>, <a href="/wiki/diminutive" title="diminutive">diminutives</a>, and <a href="/wiki/abbreviation" title="abbreviation">abbreviations</a> of names (such as <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Jock#English" title="Jock">Jock</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Misha#English" title="Misha">Misha</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Kenny#English" title="Kenny">Kenny</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Ken#English" title="Ken">Ken</a></i>, and <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Rog#English" title="Rog">Rog</a></i>) are held to the same standards as names. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genealogical_content" data-mw-thread-id="h-Genealogical_content-Names"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Genealogical_content-Names"></span>Genealogical content<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Genealogical_content-Names"></span></h3></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:What_Wiktionary_is_not" title="Wiktionary:What Wiktionary is not">Wiktionary is not a genealogy database</a>.</b> Wiktionary articles on family names, for example, are not intended to be about the people who share the family name. They are about the name as a word. For example: Whilst <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Yoder#English" title="Yoder">Yoder</a></i> will tell the reader that the word originated in Switzerland (as well as give its pronunciations and alternative spellings), it is not intended to include information about the ancestries of people who have the family name Yoder.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Names_of_specific_entities" data-mw-thread-id="h-Names_of_specific_entities-Names"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Names_of_specific_entities-Names"></span>Names of specific entities<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Names_of_specific_entities-Names"></span></h3></div> <div class="noprint plainlinks shortcut-box"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Shortcut" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary:Shortcut">Shortcut</a>:<br/><code><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:NSE&redirect=no">WT:NSE</a></code></div><p> This section regulates the inclusion and exclusion of names of specific entities, that is, names of individual people, names of geographic features, names of celestial objects, names of mythological creatures, names and titles of various works, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples include <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Internet#English" title="Internet">Internet</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta#English" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Mona_Lisa#English" title="Mona Lisa">Mona Lisa</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Qur%27an#English" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Red_Cross#English" title="Red Cross">Red Cross</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Titanic#English" title="Titanic">Titanic</a></i>, and <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II#English" title="World War II">World War II</a></i>. </p><p>A name of a specific entity must not be included if it does not meet the <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Attestation">attestation</a> requirement. Among those that do meet that requirement, many should be excluded while some should be included, but there is no agreement on precise, all-encompassing rules for deciding which are which. However, policies exist for names of certain kinds of entities. In particular: </p> <ul><li>No individual person should be listed as a sense in any entry whose page title includes both a given name or diminutive and a family name or patronymic. For instance, Walter Elias Disney, the film producer and voice of Mickey Mouse, is not allowed a definition line at <i>Walt Disney</i>.</li> <li>Names of specific companies are subject to the “<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Company_names">Company names</a>” section of this page.</li> <li>Names of fictional people and places are subject to the “<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Fictional_universes">Fictional universes</a>” section of this page.</li></ul> <p>Place names are subject to the “<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Place_names">Place names</a>” section of this page. </p><p>Such definitions as are included should be succinct rather than encyclopedic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Company_names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Company_names-Names_of_specific_entities"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Company_names-Names_of_specific_entities"></span>Company names<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Company_names-Names_of_specific_entities"></span></h4></div> <div class="noprint plainlinks shortcut-box"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Shortcut" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary:Shortcut">Shortcut</a>:<br/><code><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:COMPANY&redirect=no">WT:COMPANY</a></code></div> <p><b>Being a company name does not guarantee inclusion.</b> To be included, the use of the company name other than its use as a trademark (i.e., a use as a common word or family name) has to be attested. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Place_names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Place_names-Names_of_specific_entities"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Place_names-Names_of_specific_entities"></span>Place names<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Place_names-Names_of_specific_entities"></span></h4></div> <p>The following place names shall be included if they fulfill attestation requirements:<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Land masses: continents, islands, archipelagos, etc.</li> <li>Bodies of water: oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, waterfalls, etc.</li> <li>Geological landforms and regions: mountains, hills, deserts, tectonic plates, etc.</li> <li>Biomes that constitute geographical regions: forests, coral reefs, etc.</li> <li>Cultural and geographical regions and dividing lines</li> <li>Countries and their administrative divisions: states, provinces, counties, etc.</li> <li>Human settlements: cities, towns, villages, etc.</li> <li>Districts and neighborhoods of cities and towns</li></ul> <p>All place names not listed above shall be included if they have three citations of figurative use that fulfill attestation requirements. Most manmade structures, including buildings, airports, ports, bridges, canals, dams, tunnels, individual roads and streets, as well as gardens, parks, and beaches may only be attested through figurative use. Figurative use refers to <a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#figurative" title="Appendix:Glossary">figurative</a> language (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#simile" title="Appendix:Glossary">simile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#metaphorical" title="Appendix:Glossary">metaphor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#metonym" title="Appendix:Glossary">metonymy</a>) that makes reference to one or more of the place's characteristics. In the case of simile and metaphor, the definition should note the place's relevant characteristics. </p><p>The figurative use requirement for place names not listed above does not apply to <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Limited_Documentation_Languages" title="Wiktionary:Limited Documentation Languages">limited documentation languages</a>. All place names in these languages shall be included if they fulfill attestation requirements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Celestial_objects" data-mw-thread-id="h-Celestial_objects-Names_of_specific_entities"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Celestial_objects-Names_of_specific_entities"></span>Celestial objects<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Celestial_objects-Names_of_specific_entities"></span></h4></div> <p>The following names of celestial objects shall be included if they fulfill attestation requirements:<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Constellations and asterisms</li> <li>Proper names of stars, galaxies, quasars, nebulae, and black holes</li> <li>Proper names of planets, minor planets, and moons (excluding associated numbers)</li> <li>Clouds, belts, clusters, voids, and other named regions of space</li> <li>Meteor showers</li></ul> <p>All systematic names of celestial objects, as well as celestial objects not listed above (including comets and manmade objects in space) shall be included if they have three citations of figurative use that fulfill attestation requirements, in the same manner as place names above. Geographic features on celestial objects are covered by the policy on place names. </p><p>The figurative use requirement for celestial objects not listed above does not apply to <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Limited_Documentation_Languages" title="Wiktionary:Limited Documentation Languages">limited documentation languages</a>. All names of celestial objects in these languages shall be included if they fulfill attestation requirements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Issues_to_consider" data-mw-thread-id="h-Issues_to_consider"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Issues_to_consider"></span>Issues to consider<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Issues_to_consider"></span></h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attestation_vs._the_slippery_slope" data-mw-thread-id="h-Attestation_vs._the_slippery_slope-Issues_to_consider"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Attestation_vs._the_slippery_slope-Issues_to_consider"></span>Attestation vs. the slippery slope<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Attestation_vs._the_slippery_slope-Issues_to_consider"></span></h3></div> <p>There is occasionally concern that adding an entry for a particular term will lead to entries for a large number of similar terms. This is not a problem, as each term is considered on its own based on its usage, not on the usage of terms similar in form.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References"></span></h2></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2012-03/Vote_requirements_for_policy_changes" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2012-03/Vote requirements for policy changes">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2012-03/Vote requirements for policy changes</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2017-06/CFI_leading_sentence" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2017-06/CFI leading sentence">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2017-06/CFI leading sentence</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2016-10/CFI_and_idiomaticity_clarification" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2016-10/CFI and idiomaticity clarification">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2016-10/CFI and idiomaticity clarification</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-11/Attestation_in_academic_journals" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-11/Attestation in academic journals">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-11/Attestation in academic journals</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2012-04-5"><a href="#cite_ref-2012-04_5-0"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/2012-04/Languages_with_limited_documentation" title="Wiktionary:Votes/2012-04/Languages with limited documentation">Wiktionary:Votes/2012-04/Languages with limited documentation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2022-01/Handling_of_citations_that_do_not_meet_our_current_definition_of_permanently_archived" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2022-01/Handling of citations that do not meet our current definition of permanently archived">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2022-01/Handling of citations that do not meet our current definition of permanently archived</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/2024-02/End_date_for_Usenet%27s_durably_archived_status" title="Wiktionary:Votes/2024-02/End date for Usenet's durably archived status">Wiktionary:Votes/2024-02/End date for Usenet's durably archived status</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2008-04/WMF_jargon" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2008-04/WMF jargon">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2008-04/WMF jargon</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-06/WMF_jargon_accepted_when_it_meets_CFI" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-06/WMF jargon accepted when it meets CFI">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-06/WMF jargon accepted when it meets CFI</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/2012-06/Well_Documented_Languages" title="Wiktionary:Votes/2012-06/Well Documented Languages">Wiktionary:Votes/2012-06/Well Documented Languages</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2012-02/Independence" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2012-02/Independence">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2012-02/Independence</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/2021-12/Including_hot_words_in_CFI" title="Wiktionary:Votes/2021-12/Including hot words in CFI">Wiktionary:Votes/2021-12/Including hot words in CFI</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2022-06/Attestation_criteria_for_derogatory_terms" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2022-06/Attestation criteria for derogatory terms">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2022-06/Attestation criteria for derogatory terms</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:COALMINE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary:COALMINE">WT:COALMINE</a>) <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2009-12/Unidiomatic_multi-word_phrases_to_meet_CFI_when_the_more_common_spelling_of_a_single_word" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2009-12/Unidiomatic multi-word phrases to meet CFI when the more common spelling of a single word">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2009-12/Unidiomatic multi-word phrases to meet CFI when the more common spelling of a single word</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/2019-08/Rescinding_the_%22Coalmine%22_policy" title="Wiktionary:Votes/2019-08/Rescinding the "Coalmine" policy">Wiktionary:Votes/2019-08/Rescinding the "Coalmine" policy</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-numerals-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-numerals_16-0">16.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-numerals_16-1">16.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2017-05/Numbers,_numerals,_and_ordinals" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2017-05/Numbers, numerals, and ordinals">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2017-05/Numbers, numerals, and ordinals</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/2019-05/Excluding_self-evident_%22attributive_form_of%22_definitions_for_hyphenated_compounds" title="Wiktionary:Votes/2019-05/Excluding self-evident "attributive form of" definitions for hyphenated compounds">Wiktionary:Votes/2019-05/Excluding self-evident "attributive form of" definitions for hyphenated compounds</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2022-07/Adding_descendant_hubs" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2022-07/Adding descendant hubs">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2022-07/Adding_descendant_hubs</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2018-03/Including_translation_hubs" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2018-03/Including translation hubs">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2018-03/Including translation hubs</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2014-04/Keeping_common_misspellings" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2014-04/Keeping common misspellings">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2014-04/Keeping common misspellings</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2022-06/Disallowing_typos_as_misspelling_entries" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2022-06/Disallowing typos as misspelling entries">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2022-06/Disallowing typos as misspelling entries</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/2011-06/Redirecting_combining_characters" title="Wiktionary:Votes/2011-06/Redirecting combining characters">Wiktionary:Votes/2011-06/Redirecting combining characters</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2008-08/Inclusion_of_regular_inflected_forms" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2008-08/Inclusion of regular inflected forms">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2008-08/Inclusion of regular inflected forms</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/2014-01/Treatment_of_repeating_letters_and_syllables" title="Wiktionary:Votes/2014-01/Treatment of repeating letters and syllables">Wiktionary:Votes/2014-01/Treatment of repeating letters and syllables</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2008-08/Wiktionary:About_sign_languages" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2008-08/Wiktionary:About sign languages">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2008-08/Wiktionary:About sign languages</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2020-12/CFI_for_appendix-only_conlangs" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2020-12/CFI for appendix-only conlangs">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2020-12/CFI for appendix-only conlangs</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/2015-09/Creating_a_namespace_for_reconstructed_terms" title="Wiktionary:Votes/2015-09/Creating a namespace for reconstructed terms">Wiktionary:Votes/2015-09/Creating a namespace for reconstructed terms</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2008-01/Appendices_for_fictional_terms" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2008-01/Appendices for fictional terms">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2008-01/Appendices for fictional terms</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-10/Disallowing_certain_appendices" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-10/Disallowing certain appendices">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-10/Disallowing certain appendices</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2015-03/Excluding_most_sarcastic_usage_from_CFI" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2015-03/Excluding most sarcastic usage from CFI">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2015-03/Excluding most sarcastic usage from CFI</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2007-07/Exclusion_of_possessive_case" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2007-07/Exclusion of possessive case">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2007-07/Exclusion of possessive case</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-01/Removing_Modern_English_possessive_forms_section_from_CFI" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-01/Removing Modern English possessive forms section from CFI">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-01/Removing Modern English possessive forms section from CFI</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2020-02/CFI_for_chemical_formulae" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2020-02/CFI for chemical formulae">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2020-02/CFI for chemical formulae</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2007-08/Brand_names_of_products_2" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2007-08/Brand names of products 2">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2007-08/Brand names of products 2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2012-02/Brand_names_and_physical_product_2" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2012-02/Brand names and physical product 2">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2012-02/Brand names and physical product 2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-01/Renaming_given_name_appendixes" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-01/Renaming given name appendixes">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-01/Renaming given name appendixes</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-01/Renaming_CFI_section_on_genealogic_names" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-01/Renaming CFI section on genealogic names">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-01/Renaming CFI section on genealogic names</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><s><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-05/Names_of_specific_entities" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-05/Names of specific entities">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-05/Names of specific entities</a></s></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-12/Names_of_individuals" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-12/Names of individuals">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-12/Names of individuals</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/2021-02/Expanding_CFI_for_place_names" title="Wiktionary:Votes/2021-02/Expanding CFI for place names">Wiktionary:Votes/2021-02/Expanding CFI for place names</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/2021-03/CFI_for_celestial_objects" title="Wiktionary:Votes/2021-03/CFI for celestial objects">Wiktionary:Votes/2021-03/CFI for celestial objects</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2016-02/Attestation_vs._the_slippery_slope_2" title="Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2016-02/Attestation vs. the slippery slope 2">Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2016-02/Attestation vs. the slippery slope 2</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Votes/2011-04/Sourced_policies" title="Wiktionary:Votes/2011-04/Sourced policies">Wiktionary:Votes/2011-04/Sourced policies</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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