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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tempat_Tinggal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tempat_Tinggal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tempat Tinggal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tempat_Tinggal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pendirian_Bangunan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pendirian_Bangunan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pendirian Bangunan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pendirian_Bangunan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bahan-bahan_bangunan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahan-bahan_bangunan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bahan-bahan bangunan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahan-bahan_bangunan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistem_Penghubung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistem_Penghubung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sistem Penghubung</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistem_Penghubung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kerusakan_Bangunan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kerusakan_Bangunan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kerusakan Bangunan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kerusakan_Bangunan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bangunan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 111 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-111" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">111 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebou" title="Gebou – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gebou" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geb%C3%A4ude" title="Gebäude – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gebäude" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edificio" title="Edificio – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Edificio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%89" title="مبنى – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مبنى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%92%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%90" title="ܒܢܝܢܐ – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܒܢܝܢܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edificiu" title="Edificiu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Edificiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bina" title="Bina – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bina" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="بینا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بینا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edipisyo" title="Edipisyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Edipisyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Будынак – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Будынак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Будынак – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Будынак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Сграда – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сграда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8" title="ভবন – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভবন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savadur" title="Savadur – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Savadur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zgrada" title="Zgrada – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zgrada" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edifici" title="Edifici – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Edifici" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="بینا – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بینا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budova" title="Budova – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Budova" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Çурт – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çурт" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adeilad" title="Adeilad – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Adeilad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bygning" title="Bygning – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bygning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geb%C3%A4ude" title="Gebäude – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gebäude" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κτήριο – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κτήριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building" title="Building – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Building" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstrua%C4%B5o" title="Konstruaĵo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konstruaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edificio" title="Edificio – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Edificio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoone" title="Hoone – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hoone" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eraikin" title="Eraikin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eraikin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edificiu" title="Edificiu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Edificiu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ساختمان – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساختمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakennus" title="Rakennus – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rakennus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A2timent_(construction)" title="Bâtiment (construction) – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bâtiment (construction)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouwurk" title="Bouwurk – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bouwurk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foirgneamh" title="Foirgneamh – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Foirgneamh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edificio" title="Edificio – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Edificio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ga_yvate" title="Óga yvate – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Óga yvate" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F_(%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94)" title="בניין (מבנה) – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בניין (מבנה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="भवन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भवन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zgrada" title="Zgrada – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zgrada" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89p%C3%BClet" title="Épület – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Épület" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edificio" title="Edificio – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Edificio" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begunan" title="Begunan – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Begunan" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edifico" title="Edifico – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Edifico" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bygging" title="Bygging – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bygging" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edificio" title="Edificio – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Edificio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%89%A9" title="建築物 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="建築物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wewangunan" title="Wewangunan – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wewangunan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="შენობა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შენობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A1" title="ಕಟ್ಟಡ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಟ್ಟಡ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B1%B4%EC%B6%95%EB%AC%BC" title="건축물 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="건축물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avah%C3%AE" title="Avahî – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Avahî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aedificium" title="Aedificium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aedificium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebai" title="Gebai – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gebai" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B6%E0%BA%81" title="ຕຶກ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຕຶກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastatas" title="Pastatas – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pastatas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuorms" title="Kuorms – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Kuorms" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtne" title="Celtne – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Celtne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Градба – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Градба" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Байшин – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Байшин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯁꯪꯂꯦꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯪꯂꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="इमारत – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इमारत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangunan" title="Bangunan – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bangunan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calli" title="Calli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Calli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolwark" title="Bolwark – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Bolwark" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="भवन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भवन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="भवन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भवन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebouw" title="Gebouw – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gebouw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bygning" title="Bygning – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bygning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bygning" title="Bygning – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bygning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4" title="ਇਮਾਰਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਮਾਰਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilding" title="Bilding – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Bilding" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budynek" title="Budynek – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Budynek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="عمارت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عمارت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8D" title="ودانۍ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ودانۍ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edif%C3%ADcio" title="Edifício – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Edifício" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasichay" title="Wasichay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wasichay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C4%83dire" title="Clădire – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Clădire" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acareti" title="Acareti – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Acareti" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Здание – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Здание" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Будова – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Будова" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83" title="Тутуу – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тутуу" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱫᱚᱞᱟᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱚᱞᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biggin" title="Biggin – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Biggin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra%C4%91evina" title="Građevina – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Građevina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building" title="Building – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Building" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budova" title="Budova – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Budova" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stavba" title="Stavba – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Stavba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhisme" title="Dhisme – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dhisme" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godina" title="Godina – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Godina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Зграда – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зграда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byggnad" title="Byggnad – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Byggnad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jengo" title="Jengo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jengo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கட்டிடம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கட்டிடம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="భవనం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భవనం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Бино – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бино" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="อาคาร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาคาร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusali" title="Gusali – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gusali" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bina" title="Bina – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bina" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zomangamanga" title="Zomangamanga – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Zomangamanga" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adan" title="Adan – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Adan" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Будівля – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Будівля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="عمارت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عمارت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bino" title="Bino – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bino" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B2a_nh%C3%A0" title="Tòa nhà – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tòa nhà" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumot" title="Bumot – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bumot" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edifisyo" title="Edifisyo – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Edifisyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%89%A9" title="建築物 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="建築物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9" title="建筑物 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="建筑物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%A0n-tio%CC%8Dk-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%93" title="樓 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="樓" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isakhiwo" title="Isakhiwo – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isakhiwo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41176#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bangunan&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangunan&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Buildings" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41176" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Dialihkan dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gedung&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Gedung">Gedung</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Zhengding_Longxing_Si_2013.08.31_15-51-32.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Zhengding_Longxing_Si_2013.08.31_15-51-32.jpg/248px-Zhengding_Longxing_Si_2013.08.31_15-51-32.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Zhengding_Longxing_Si_2013.08.31_15-51-32.jpg/372px-Zhengding_Longxing_Si_2013.08.31_15-51-32.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Zhengding_Longxing_Si_2013.08.31_15-51-32.jpg/496px-Zhengding_Longxing_Si_2013.08.31_15-51-32.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5437" data-file-height="3625" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:310px;max-width:310px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:205px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sainte_Chapelle_Interior_Stained_Glass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sainte_Chapelle_Interior_Stained_Glass.jpg/308px-Sainte_Chapelle_Interior_Stained_Glass.jpg" decoding="async" width="308" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sainte_Chapelle_Interior_Stained_Glass.jpg/462px-Sainte_Chapelle_Interior_Stained_Glass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sainte_Chapelle_Interior_Stained_Glass.jpg/616px-Sainte_Chapelle_Interior_Stained_Glass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5904" data-file-height="3936" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:178px;max-width:178px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:205px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Moscou.-_La_Cath%C3%A9drale_Basile-le-Bienheureux.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Moscou.-_La_Cath%C3%A9drale_Basile-le-Bienheureux.jpg/176px-Moscou.-_La_Cath%C3%A9drale_Basile-le-Bienheureux.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Moscou.-_La_Cath%C3%A9drale_Basile-le-Bienheureux.jpg/264px-Moscou.-_La_Cath%C3%A9drale_Basile-le-Bienheureux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Moscou.-_La_Cath%C3%A9drale_Basile-le-Bienheureux.jpg/352px-Moscou.-_La_Cath%C3%A9drale_Basile-le-Bienheureux.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2891" data-file-height="3370" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:217px;max-width:217px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:143px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:20180301124354_IMG_4179And6more_Interior_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/20180301124354_IMG_4179And6more_Interior_3.jpg/215px-20180301124354_IMG_4179And6more_Interior_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/20180301124354_IMG_4179And6more_Interior_3.jpg/323px-20180301124354_IMG_4179And6more_Interior_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/20180301124354_IMG_4179And6more_Interior_3.jpg/430px-20180301124354_IMG_4179And6more_Interior_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5975" data-file-height="3980" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:271px;max-width:271px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:143px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Chichen_Itza_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Chichen_Itza_3.jpg/269px-Chichen_Itza_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="269" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Chichen_Itza_3.jpg/404px-Chichen_Itza_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Chichen_Itza_3.jpg/538px-Chichen_Itza_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9771" data-file-height="5197" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:251px;max-width:251px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:176px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pantheon_2,_Paris_May_11,_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Pantheon_2%2C_Paris_May_11%2C_2013.jpg/249px-Pantheon_2%2C_Paris_May_11%2C_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="249" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Pantheon_2%2C_Paris_May_11%2C_2013.jpg/374px-Pantheon_2%2C_Paris_May_11%2C_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Pantheon_2%2C_Paris_May_11%2C_2013.jpg/498px-Pantheon_2%2C_Paris_May_11%2C_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4495" data-file-height="3174" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:237px;max-width:237px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:176px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:2019_BCU_(40641836163).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/2019_BCU_%2840641836163%29.jpg/235px-2019_BCU_%2840641836163%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/2019_BCU_%2840641836163%29.jpg/353px-2019_BCU_%2840641836163%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/2019_BCU_%2840641836163%29.jpg/470px-2019_BCU_%2840641836163%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:329px;max-width:329px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:245px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bucuresti,_Romania._Casa_Oamenilor_de_Stiinta._(CASA_ASSAN)_Aprilie_2018._Magnolii_albe_inflorite._(B-II-m-B-19009).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Casa_Oamenilor_de_Stiinta._%28CASA_ASSAN%29_Aprilie_2018._Magnolii_albe_inflorite._%28B-II-m-B-19009%29.jpg/327px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Casa_Oamenilor_de_Stiinta._%28CASA_ASSAN%29_Aprilie_2018._Magnolii_albe_inflorite._%28B-II-m-B-19009%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="327" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Casa_Oamenilor_de_Stiinta._%28CASA_ASSAN%29_Aprilie_2018._Magnolii_albe_inflorite._%28B-II-m-B-19009%29.jpg/491px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Casa_Oamenilor_de_Stiinta._%28CASA_ASSAN%29_Aprilie_2018._Magnolii_albe_inflorite._%28B-II-m-B-19009%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Casa_Oamenilor_de_Stiinta._%28CASA_ASSAN%29_Aprilie_2018._Magnolii_albe_inflorite._%28B-II-m-B-19009%29.jpg/654px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania._Casa_Oamenilor_de_Stiinta._%28CASA_ASSAN%29_Aprilie_2018._Magnolii_albe_inflorite._%28B-II-m-B-19009%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:245px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:A_Livraria_Lello_e_Irm%C3%A3o-A_ponte_de_encanto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/A_Livraria_Lello_e_Irm%C3%A3o-A_ponte_de_encanto.jpg/157px-A_Livraria_Lello_e_Irm%C3%A3o-A_ponte_de_encanto.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/A_Livraria_Lello_e_Irm%C3%A3o-A_ponte_de_encanto.jpg/236px-A_Livraria_Lello_e_Irm%C3%A3o-A_ponte_de_encanto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/A_Livraria_Lello_e_Irm%C3%A3o-A_ponte_de_encanto.jpg/314px-A_Livraria_Lello_e_Irm%C3%A3o-A_ponte_de_encanto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2193" data-file-height="3428" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left;background-color:transparent">Berbagai contoh bangunan sepanjang sejarah</div></div></div></div> <p><b>Bangunan</b>, <b>gedung</b>, atau <b>gedong</b> adalah struktur buatan manusia yang terdiri atas <a href="/wiki/Dinding" title="Dinding">dinding</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Atap" title="Atap">atap</a> yang didirikan secara permanen di suatu tempat.<sup id="cite_ref-Egenhofer_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Egenhofer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bangunan juga biasa disebut dengan <a href="/wiki/Rumah" title="Rumah">rumah</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Gedung" class="mw-redirect" title="Gedung">gedung</a>, yaitu segala sarana, prasarana atau <a href="/wiki/Infrastruktur" title="Infrastruktur">infrastruktur</a> dalam kebudayaan atau kehidupan manusia dalam membangun peradabannya. Bangunan memiliki beragam bentuk, ukuran, dan fungsi, serta telah mengalami penyesuaian sepanjang sejarah yang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, seperti bahan bangunan, kondisi cuaca, harga, kondisi tanah, dan alasan estetika. </p><p>Bangunan mempunyai beberapa fungsi bagi kehidupan manusia, terutama sebagai tempat berlindung dari <a href="/wiki/Cuaca" title="Cuaca">cuaca</a>, keamanan, tempat tinggal, privasi, tempat menyimpan barang, dan tempat bekerja. Suatu bangunan tidak bisa lepas dari kehidupan manusia khususnya sebagai sarana pemberi rasa aman, dan nyaman. </p><p>Contoh bangunan yang paling sering kita lihat yaitu <a href="/wiki/Jembatan" title="Jembatan">jembatan</a> beserta konstruksi, dan rancangannya, jalan, serta sarana telekomunikasi. Secara umum, peradaban suatu bangsa dapat dilihat dari teknik-teknik bangunan maupun sarana, dan prasarana yang dibuat maupun ditinggalkan oleh warisan manusia dalam perjalanan sejarahnya. </p><p>Karena bangunan berkaitan dengan kemajuan peradaban manusia, maka dalam perjalanannya, manusia memerlukan ilmu atau teknik yang berkaitan dengan bangunan, dan menunjang dalam membuat suatu bangunan. Adapun ilmu pengetahuan yang berkaitan dengan bangunan adalah <a href="/wiki/Arsitektur" title="Arsitektur">arsitektur</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Teknik_sipil" title="Teknik sipil">teknik sipil</a>. Bahkan penggunaan <a href="/wiki/Trigonometri" title="Trigonometri">trigonometri</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">matematika</a> juga berkaitan dengan bangunan yang diduga digunakan pada masa <a href="/wiki/Mesir_kuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesir kuno">Mesir kuno</a> dalam membangun <a href="/wiki/Piramida" title="Piramida">Piramida</a>. </p><p>Pada awalnya, manusia hanya memanfaatkan apa yang ada di alam sebagai sarana, dan prasarana serta infrastruktur dalam kehidupannya. Sebagai contoh yaitu pemanfaatan gua sebagai tempat tinggal. Kemudian peradaban manusia berkembang dengan memanfaatkan apa yang ada di alam, seperti batu, tanah, dan kayu, sebagai bahan baku untuk membuat suatu infrastruktur. Pada masa berikutnya, peradaban berkembang lagi dengan ditemukannya bahan-bahan tambang yang bisa digunakan untuk membuat alat maupun benda yang mampu menopang sebuah bangunan, seperti halnya barang logam, serta mengolah bahan-bahan alam seperti mengolah batuan <a href="/wiki/Kapur" title="Kapur">kapur</a>, pasir, dan tanah. Dalam perkembangannya, manusia membuat bahan-bahan bangunan dari hasil industri atau buatan manusia yang bahan-bahan bakunya diambil dari alam. </p><p>Sejak ditemukannya lukisan-lukisan di dalam dinding <a href="/wiki/Gua" title="Gua">gua</a>, sejak itulah manusia juga menjadikan bangunan sebagai objek kanvas dalam mengekspresikan suatu keindahan. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, faktor keindahan juga menjadi poin penting dalam pendirian suatu bangunan. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangunan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangunan&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terdapat bukti yang jelas, bangunan sudah ada sejak sekitar 18.000 SM.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bangunan menjadi umum selama periode <a href="/wiki/Neolitikum" title="Neolitikum">Neolitikum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tempat_Tinggal">Tempat Tinggal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangunan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Tempat Tinggal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangunan&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tempat Tinggal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bangunan yang berfungsi sebagai tempat tinggal disebut dengan <a href="/wiki/Rumah" title="Rumah">rumah</a>, sedangkan tempat tinggal yang berupa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gedung_pencakar_langit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gedung pencakar langit (halaman belum tersedia)">gedung pencakar langit</a> yang dibagi menjadi beberapa unit hunian disebut <a href="/wiki/Apartemen" title="Apartemen">apartemen</a>. Bahan material pembuat bangunan antara lain kayu, batu, semen, dan lain-lain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pendirian_Bangunan">Pendirian Bangunan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangunan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Pendirian Bangunan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangunan&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pendirian Bangunan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sebuah bangunan biasanya dirancang, dikembangkan, dan didirikan oleh sekelompok profesional, dan pengembang properti. Adapun tim proyek ini antara lain: </p> <ul><li>Pengembang <a href="/wiki/Real_estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate">real estate</a></li> <li>Lembaga keuangan atau <a href="/wiki/Investor" title="Investor">investor</a></li> <li>Pemerintah setempat</li> <li>Surveyor</li> <li>Manajer konstruksi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsitek" title="Arsitek">Arsitek</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Insinyur" class="mw-redirect" title="Insinyur">insinyur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desainer_interior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desainer interior (halaman belum tersedia)">Desainer interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontraktor" title="Kontraktor">Kontraktor</a></li> <li>Marketing atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agen_properti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agen properti (halaman belum tersedia)">agen properti</a></li></ul> <p>Terlepas dari peran mereka dalam mendirikan bangunan, pendirian semua bangunan di <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> harus memenuhi peraturan, dan standar yang berlaku. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bahan-bahan_bangunan">Bahan-bahan bangunan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangunan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Bahan-bahan bangunan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangunan&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bahan-bahan bangunan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Umumnya bahan bangunan yang digunakan manusia antara lain: <a href="/wiki/Batu" title="Batu">batu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasir" title="Pasir">pasir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu">kayu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batu-bata" class="mw-redirect" title="Batu-bata">batu-bata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semen" title="Semen">semen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asbes" class="mw-redirect" title="Asbes">asbes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">besi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baja" title="Baja">baja</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistem_Penghubung">Sistem Penghubung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangunan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Sistem Penghubung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangunan&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sistem Penghubung"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sistem penghubung antar lantai di suatu bangunan bertingkat meliputi: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tangga" title="Tangga">Tangga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskalator" class="mw-redirect" title="Eskalator">Eskalator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lift" class="mw-redirect" title="Lift">Lift</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kerusakan_Bangunan">Kerusakan Bangunan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangunan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Kerusakan Bangunan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangunan&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kerusakan Bangunan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville,_Quebec,_Canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg/220px-Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg/330px-Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg/440px-Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1682" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah bangunan di Massueville (Quebec, Kanada), dilalap api</figcaption></figure> <p>Bangunan mungkin akan mengalami kerusakan saat pembangunan atau selama perawatan. Ada beberapa faktor penyebab kerusakan ini antara lain <a href="/wiki/Kebakaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Kebakaran">kebakaran</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kecelakaan" title="Kecelakaan">kecelakaan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan <a href="/wiki/Bencana_alam" title="Bencana alam">bencana alam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bangunan juga bisa runtuh karena pemeliharaan yang kurang baik atau teknik pembangunan yang tidak tepat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangunan&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangunan&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Egenhofer-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Egenhofer_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Max J. Egenhofer (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kH8gcJvVWfIC&pg=PA110"><i>Geographic Information Science: Second International Conference, GIScience 2002, Boulder, CO, USA, September 25–28, 2002. Proceedings</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. hlm. 110. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-540-44253-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-540-44253-0">978-3-540-44253-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geographic+Information+Science%3A+Second+International+Conference%2C+GIScience+2002%2C+Boulder%2C+CO%2C+USA%2C+September+25%E2%80%9328%2C+2002.+Proceedings&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-3-540-44253-0&rft.au=Max+J.+Egenhofer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkH8gcJvVWfIC%26pg%3DPA110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABangunan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Dunn_(biologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Dunn (biologist) (halaman belum tersedia)">Rob Dunn</a> (Aug 23, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129031849/http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22329830.500-meet-the-lodgers-wildlife-in-the-great-indoors.html?full=true">"Meet the lodgers: Wildlife in the great indoors"</a>. <i>New Scientist</i>: 34–37. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22329830.500-meet-the-lodgers-wildlife-in-the-great-indoors.html?full=true">versi asli</a> tanggal 2014-11-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Meet+the+lodgers%3A+Wildlife+in+the+great+indoors&rft.pages=34-37&rft.date=2014-08-23&rft.au=Rob+Dunn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fmg22329830.500-meet-the-lodgers-wildlife-in-the-great-indoors.html%3Ffull%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABangunan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pace, Anthony (2004). "Tarxien". Dalam Daniel Cilia. <i>Malta before History–The World's Oldest Free Standing Stone Architecture</i>. Miranda Publishers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-9990985085" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-9990985085">978-9990985085</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tarxien&rft.btitle=Malta+before+History%E2%80%93The+World%27s+Oldest+Free+Standing+Stone+Architecture&rft.pub=Miranda+Publishers&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-9990985085&rft.aulast=Pace&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABangunan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Brotóns, V.; Tomás, R.; Ivorra, S.; Alarcón, J. C. (2013-12-17). "Temperature influence on the physical and mechanical properties of a porous rock: San Julian's calcarenite". <i>Engineering Geology</i>. <b>167</b> (Supplement C): 117–127. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2013.10.012">10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.10.012</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Engineering+Geology&rft.atitle=Temperature+influence+on+the+physical+and+mechanical+properties+of+a+porous+rock%3A+San+Julian%27s+calcarenite&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=Supplement+C&rft.pages=117-127&rft.date=2013-12-17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2013.10.012&rft.aulast=Brot%C3%B3ns&rft.aufirst=V.&rft.au=Tom%C3%A1s%2C+R.&rft.au=Ivorra%2C+S.&rft.au=Alarc%C3%B3n%2C+J.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABangunan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140214231334/http://www.pb.unimelb.edu.au/emergency/emergencies/internal/buildingdamage.html">"Building Damage"</a>. Pb.unimelb.edu.au. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pb.unimelb.edu.au/emergency/emergencies/internal/buildingdamage.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2014-02-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2014-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Building+Damage&rft.pub=Pb.unimelb.edu.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pb.unimelb.edu.au%2Femergency%2Femergencies%2Finternal%2Fbuildingdamage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABangunan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Soldato, Matteo Del; Bianchini, Silvia; Calcaterra, Domenico; Vita, Pantaleone De; Martire, Diego Di; Tomás, Roberto; Casagli, Nicola (2017-07-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flore.unifi.it/bitstream/2158/1094374/2/A%20new%20approach%20for%20landslide%20induced%20damage%20assessment.pdf">"A new approach for landslide-induced damage assessment"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk</i>. <b>8</b> (2): 1524–1537. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F19475705.2017.1347896">10.1080/19475705.2017.1347896</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1947-5705">1947-5705</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomatics%2C+Natural+Hazards+and+Risk&rft.atitle=A+new+approach+for+landslide-induced+damage+assessment&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1524-1537&rft.date=2017-07-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F19475705.2017.1347896&rft.issn=1947-5705&rft.aulast=Soldato&rft.aufirst=Matteo+Del&rft.au=Bianchini%2C+Silvia&rft.au=Calcaterra%2C+Domenico&rft.au=Vita%2C+Pantaleone+De&rft.au=Martire%2C+Diego+Di&rft.au=Tom%C3%A1s%2C+Roberto&rft.au=Casagli%2C+Nicola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fflore.unifi.it%2Fbitstream%2F2158%2F1094374%2F2%2FA%2520new%2520approach%2520for%2520landslide%2520induced%2520damage%2520assessment.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABangunan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangunan&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangunan&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsitektur" title="Arsitektur">Arsitektur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candi" title="Candi">Candi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstruksi" title="Konstruksi">Konstruksi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_sipil" title="Teknik sipil">Teknik sipil</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18342415">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bridgedrawing.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ikon rintisan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bridgedrawing.svg/35px-Bridgedrawing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bridgedrawing.svg/53px-Bridgedrawing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bridgedrawing.svg/70px-Bridgedrawing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="199" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">Artikel bertopik bangunan dan struktur ini adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rintisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Rintisan">rintisan</a>. 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