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</button> <ul id="toc-History_of_Irish_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Brehon_Laws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Brehon_Laws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>The Brehon Laws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Brehon_Laws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_first_and_second_Dáil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_first_and_second_Dáil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>The first and second Dáil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_first_and_second_Dáil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitutional_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Constitutional law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statute_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statute_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Statute law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statute_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Secondary legislation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Common_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Common law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Union_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Union_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>European Union law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Union_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>International law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> 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Oireachtas</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statutes_at_large_ireland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Statutes_at_large_ireland.jpg/220px-Statutes_at_large_ireland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="363" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Statutes_at_large_ireland.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="301" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption>The law now in force in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> dates back in excess of 800 years</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>law of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></b> consists of constitutional, statutory, and common law. The highest law in the State is the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Constitution of Ireland">Constitution of Ireland</a>, from which all other law derives its authority. The Republic has a <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common-law</a> <a href="/wiki/Legal_system" title="Legal system">legal system</a> with a written constitution that provides for a parliamentary democracy similar to the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">British parliamentary system</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> albeit with a popularly elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">president</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">separation of powers</a>, a developed system of constitutional rights and <a href="/wiki/Judicial_review" title="Judicial review">judicial review</a> of primary legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_Irish_law">History of Irish law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of Irish law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sources of law in both the Republic of Ireland and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> reflect <a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland" title="History of Ireland">Irish history</a> and the various parliaments whose law affected the island of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> down through the ages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Brehon_Laws">The Brehon Laws</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Brehon Laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Brehon_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Brehon Laws">Brehon Laws</a> were a relatively sophisticated early Irish legal system, the practice of which was only finally wiped out during the <a href="/wiki/Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Cromwellian conquest of Ireland">Cromwellian conquest of Ireland</a>. The Brehon laws were a civil legal system only – there was no criminal law. Acts that would today be considered criminal were then dealt with in a similar manner to <a href="/wiki/Tort_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Tort law">tort law</a> today. A perpetrator would have to compensate the victim, rather than having a punishment, such as imprisonment, imposed upon him or her. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_first_and_second_Dáil"><span id="The_first_and_second_D.C3.A1il"></span>The first and second Dáil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The first and second Dáil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/First_D%C3%A1il" title="First Dáil">first</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_D%C3%A1il" title="Second Dáil">second Dáil</a> sat in opposition to <a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Ireland" title="British rule in Ireland">British rule in Ireland</a>. The laws passed by the first and second Dáil had no official legal effect. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constitutional_law">Constitutional law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Constitutional law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Constitution of Ireland">Constitution of Ireland</a></div> <p>The Irish Constitution was enacted by a popular <a href="/wiki/Plebiscite" class="mw-redirect" title="Plebiscite">plebiscite</a> held on 1 July 1937, and came into force on 29 December of the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Constitution is the cornerstone of the Irish legal system and is held to be the source of power exercised by the legislative, judicial and executive branches of government. The Irish <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Ireland" title="Supreme Court of Ireland">Supreme Court</a> and <a href="/wiki/High_Court_(Ireland)" title="High Court (Ireland)">High Court</a> exercise judicial review over all legislation and may strike down laws if they are inconsistent with the constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Constitution can be amended only by referendum. A proposal to amend the Constitution is introduced into <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a> (the lower house of parliament) as a bill and if passed by the Dáil, and passed or deemed to have been passed by the <a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Senate</a> (the upper house), is put to the people. Only <a href="/wiki/Irish_nationality_law" title="Irish nationality law">Irish citizens</a> resident in the state may vote. There is no threshold for such referendums and a simple majority of voters is sufficient for a proposal to be passed. Once passed by the people, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President</a> signs the referendum bill into law. As of November 2011, there have been 33 such referendums: 23 of which were approved by the people and 10 of which were rejected. The constitution was also amended twice during an initial transitional period of three years following the election of the first President of Ireland when amendments could be made without recourse to the people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statute_law">Statute law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Statute law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Oireachtas" title="List of acts of the Oireachtas">List of acts of the Oireachtas</a></div> <p>Modern-day statute law is made by the bicameral National Parliament — more commonly known by its Irish name, the <a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a>. <b>Acts of the Oireachtas</b> are split into sequentially numbered sections and may be cited by using a short title which gives the act a title roughly based on its subject matter and the year in which it was enacted. While the Oireachtas is bicameral, the upper house, the <a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Senate</a> (or <i>Seanad</i>), has little power which at most allows the Senate to delay rather than veto legislation, something that has only happened twice since 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Article 50 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Constitution of Ireland">Constitution of Ireland</a> carried over all laws that had been in force in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> prior to its coming into force on 29 December 1937, insofar as these laws were not repugnant to the new constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar function had been fulfilled by Article 73 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="Constitution of the Irish Free State">Constitution of the Irish Free State</a>, which carried overall legislation that had in force in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ireland_(1921%E2%80%9322)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Ireland (1921–22)">Southern Ireland</a>, insofar as these laws were not repugnant to the Constitution of the Irish Free State.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, while the Irish state has been in existence for a century, the <a href="/wiki/Statute_book" title="Statute book">statute book</a> stretches back in excess of 800 years. By virtue of the <a href="/wiki/Statute_Law_Revision_Act_2007" title="Statute Law Revision Act 2007">Statute Law Revision Act 2007</a>, the oldest Act currently in force in the Republic of Ireland is the <a href="/wiki/Fairs_Act_1204" title="Fairs Act 1204">Fairs Act 1204</a>. The statute law of the Republic of Ireland includes law passed by the following:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Pre-union Irish statutes <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/King_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="King of England">King of England</a> as a lawgiver for Ireland, and the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ireland" title="Parliament of Ireland">Parliament of Ireland</a> (1169–1800)</li></ul></li> <li>English and British statutes, which applied to Ireland in their original enactment or were subsequently applied to Ireland <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/King_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="King of England">King of England</a> (1066–1241)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament of England</a> (1241–1706)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">Parliament of Great Britain</a> (1707–1800)</li></ul></li> <li>Statutes of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a>, which applied to <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> in their original enactment or were subsequently applied to Ireland (1 January 1801 to 5 December 1922)</li></ul></li> <li>Statutes of the independent Irish state since December 1922 (this state being known by various names, such as the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>, etc.) <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Oireachtas_of_the_Irish_Free_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Oireachtas of the Irish Free State">Oireachtas of the Irish Free State</a> (6 December 1922 to 28 December 1937)</li> <li>the present <a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a> (from 29 December 1937 to date)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secondary_legislation">Secondary legislation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Secondary legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Notwithstanding the declaration in the 1937 constitution that the <a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a> is to be "the sole and exclusive" legislature, it has long been held that it is permissible for the Oireachtas to delegate its law-making power(s) to other bodies as long as such delegated legislation does not exceed the "principles and policies" set out in the relevant authorising statute.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All instances of delegated legislation in the Republic of Ireland are known as statutory instruments,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although only a small subset of these are numbered as statutory instruments and published by the Stationery Office.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This latter subset is composed of statutory instruments which are required to be laid before the Oireachtas or which are of general application. </p><p>In addition, a body of charters, statutory rules and orders and other secondary legislation made prior to the independence of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> in 1922 continues to be in force in the current Republic of Ireland, insofar as such legislation has not been revoked or otherwise ceased to be in force. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Common_law">Common law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Common law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fourcourtsquays.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Fourcourtsquays.JPG/220px-Fourcourtsquays.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Fourcourtsquays.JPG/330px-Fourcourtsquays.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Fourcourtsquays.JPG/440px-Fourcourtsquays.JPG 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Ireland" title="Supreme Court of Ireland">Supreme Court of Ireland</a> sits in the <a href="/wiki/Four_Courts" title="Four Courts">Four Courts</a> building in Dublin.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Common_law_offences_in_Ireland" title="Category:Common law offences in Ireland">Category:Common law offences in Ireland</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> was the subject of the first extension of England's <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> legal system outside England.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in England the creation of the common law was largely the result of the assimilation of existing customary law, in Ireland the common law was imported from England supplanting the customary law of the Irish.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This, however, was a gradual process which went hand-in-hand with English (and later, British) influence in Ireland. </p><p>As with any common-law system, the Irish courts are bound by the doctrine of <i><a href="/wiki/Stare_decisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Stare decisis">stare decisis</a></i> to apply clear precedents set by higher courts and courts of co-ordinate jurisdiction. The main exception to this rule is that the Supreme Court has declared itself not to be bound by its own previous decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the doctrine clearly means that the present High Court is bound by decisions of the present Supreme Court,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is not altogether clear whether the decisions of courts which previously performed the function of courts of last final appeal in Ireland – such as the British <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> – bind the present High Court. In <i>Irish Shell v. Elm Motors</i>, Mr Justice McCarthy doubted that decisions of pre-independence courts bound the courts of the state, stating that "[i]n no sense are our Courts a continuation of, or successors to, the British courts." However, the other two judges on the panel hearing the case declined to express an opinion on the matter as it had not been argued at the hearing of the appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Post-independence judgments of the British courts, and all judgments of the American and <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> courts, as well as some judgments of courts in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, are of persuasive value only and do not bind the courts in the Republic of Ireland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="European_Union_law">European Union law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: European Union law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/European_Communities_Act_1972_(Ireland)" title="European Communities Act 1972 (Ireland)">European Communities Act 1972</a></div> <p>The <i>European Communities Act 1972</i>, as amended, provides that <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">treaties of the European Union</a> are part of Irish law, along with directly effective measures adopted under those treaties. It also provides that government ministers may adopt statutory instruments to implement European Union law and that as an exception to the general rule such statutory instruments have effect as if they were primary legislation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_law">International law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: International law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Republic of Ireland is a <a href="/wiki/Dualism_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dualism (law)">dualist</a> state and <a href="/wiki/Treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaties">treaties</a> are not part of Irish domestic law unless <a href="/wiki/Incorporation_(international_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Incorporation (international law)">incorporated</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An exception to this rule might well be the provision in the constitution which says that "Ireland accepts the generally recognised principles of international law as its rule of conduct in its relations with other States." However, while this provision has been held to assimilate the doctrine of sovereign immunity into domestic law,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Supreme Court has held that the provision is not capable of conferring rights on individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dualist approach in international law contained in the Irish Constitution allows the state to sign and ratify treaties without incorporating them into domestic law. Thus, while the Republic of Ireland was one of the first states in Europe to ratify the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was one of the last to incorporate the Convention into domestic law.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And when done it was not directly incorporated into Irish law but given indirect, sub-constitutional, interpretative incorporation.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Crotty_v._An_Taoiseach" class="mw-redirect" title="Crotty v. An Taoiseach">Crotty v. An Taoiseach</a></i>, the Irish Supreme Court asserted a power to review the constitutionality of treaties signed by the state, such that the government could be prevented from signing international agreements which would be contrary to the constitution. This ruling has resulted in <i>ad hoc</i> amendments to the constitution to permit the state to ratify treaties that might otherwise have been contrary to the constitution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Statute_Book" title="Irish Statute Book">Irish Statute Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_systems_of_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal systems of the world">Legal systems of the world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Courts of the Republic of Ireland">Courts of the Republic of Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_(Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court (Ireland)">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_(Ireland)" title="High Court (Ireland)">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Criminal_Court" title="Special Criminal Court">Special Criminal Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ireland law">Northern Ireland law</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPennimanFarrell1987" class="citation book cs1">Penniman, Howard Rae; Farrell, Brian (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PaS-PdCzF_4C&q=ireland+%22british+parliamentary+system%22&pg=PA219"><i>Ireland at the polls, 1981, 1982, and 1987: a study of four general elections</i></a>. American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research. p. 219. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0822307863" title="Special:BookSources/0822307863"><bdi>0822307863</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210925145831/https://books.google.com/books?id=PaS-PdCzF_4C&q=ireland+%22british+parliamentary+system%22&pg=PA219">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2010</span>. <q>The Irish adopted the British parliamentary system at time when...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ireland+at+the+polls%2C+1981%2C+1982%2C+and+1987%3A+a+study+of+four+general+elections&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=American+Enterprise+Institute+for+Public+Policy+Research&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0822307863&rft.aulast=Penniman&rft.aufirst=Howard+Rae&rft.au=Farrell%2C+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPaS-PdCzF_4C%26q%3Direland%2B%2522british%2Bparliamentary%2Bsystem%2522%26pg%3DPA219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+of+the+Republic+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoakleyGallagher2005" class="citation book cs1">Coakley, John; Gallagher, Michael, eds. (2005). <i>Politics in the Republic of Ireland</i> (4th ed.). Oxon: Routledge. p. 84.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+in+the+Republic+of+Ireland&rft.place=Oxon&rft.pages=84&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+of+the+Republic+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeuston1977" class="citation journal cs1">Heuston, Robert F. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/ubclr11&div=21">"Personal Rights under the Irish Constitution"</a>. <i>U. Brit. Colum. L. Rev</i>. <b>11</b>: 294. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150610195044/http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals%2Fubclr11&div=21">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.+Brit.+Colum.+L.+Rev.&rft.atitle=Personal+Rights+under+the+Irish+Constitution&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=294&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Heuston&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheinonline.org%2FHOL%2FLandingPage%3Fcollection%3Djournals%26handle%3Dhein.journals%2Fubclr11%26div%3D21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+of+the+Republic+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McCutcheon (2008, p. 649)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoganWhyte2003" class="citation book cs1">Hogan, Gerard; Whyte, Gerry (2003). <i>JM Kelly: The Irish Constitution</i> (4th ed.). Bloomsbury. p. 396. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845923662" title="Special:BookSources/9781845923662"><bdi>9781845923662</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=JM+Kelly%3A+The+Irish+Constitution&rft.pages=396&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781845923662&rft.aulast=Hogan&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rft.au=Whyte%2C+Gerry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+of+the+Republic+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McCutcheon (2008, p. 57)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McCutcheon (2008, p. 49)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McCutcheon (2008, p. 522)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cityview Press v An Chomhairle Oiliúna [1980] IR 381: "In the view of this Court, the test is whether that which is challenged as an unauthorised delegation of parliamentary power is more than a mere giving effect to principles and policies which are contained in the statute itself."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See section 1 of the <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1947/en/act/pub/0044/print.html">Statutory Instruments Act, 1947</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119135815/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1947/en/act/pub/0044/print.html">Archived</a> 19 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> which defines a "statutory instrument" as any "order, regulation, rule, scheme or bye-law made in exercise of a power conferred by statute."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These being the ones to which—in the language of the <i>Statutory Instruments Act</i>—the Act "primarily applies".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2003" class="citation book cs1">Baker, John (2003). <i>The Oxford History of the Laws of England, Volume VI: 1483-1558</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-825817-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-825817-9"><bdi>978-0-19-825817-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+the+Laws+of+England%2C+Volume+VI%3A+1483-1558.&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-825817-9&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+of+the+Republic+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHand1967" class="citation book cs1">Hand, Geoffrey Joseph (1967). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/englishlawinirel0000hand"><i>English law in Ireland, 1290–1324</i></a></span>. Dublin: Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/englishlawinirel0000hand/page/1">1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+law+in+Ireland%2C+1290%E2%80%931324&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Hand&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglishlawinirel0000hand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+of+the+Republic+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Attorney General v Ryan's Car Hire Ltd. [1965] IR 642.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Director of Public Prosecutions (Walsh) v Cash [2007] IEHC 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Irish Shell v. Elm Motors</i> [1984] IR 200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Londras2010" class="citation book cs1">de Londras, Fiona (2010). Sellers, Mortimer (ed.). <i>Dualism, Domestic Courts, and the Rule of International Law</i>. Springer Sciences+Business Media B.V. p. 224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-481-3748-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-481-3748-0"><bdi>978-90-481-3748-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dualism%2C+Domestic+Courts%2C+and+the+Rule+of+International+Law&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=Springer+Sciences%2BBusiness+Media+B.V.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-481-3748-0&rft.aulast=de+Londras&rft.aufirst=Fiona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+of+the+Republic+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See: <i>Canada v. Employment Appeals Tribunal</i> [1992] 2 IR 485.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See: In <i>Re Ó Laighléis</i> [1960] IR 93 and <i>Kavanagh v. Governor of Mountjoy Prison</i> [2002] 3 IR 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It was in fact the fifth to do so on 25 February 1953 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ChercheSig.asp?NT=005&CM=8&DF=27/02/2011&CL=ENG">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722013056/http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ChercheSig.asp?NT=005&CM=8&DF=27%2F02%2F2011&CL=ENG">Archived</a> 22 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721124621/http://www.ihrc.ie/enquiriesandlegal/europeanconvent/">"European Convention on Human Rights Act 2003"</a>. Irish Human Rights Commission. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ihrc.ie/enquiriesandlegal/europeanconvent/">the original</a> on 21 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+Convention+on+Human+Rights+Act+2003&rft.pub=Irish+Human+Rights+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ihrc.ie%2Fenquiriesandlegal%2Feuropeanconvent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+of+the+Republic+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnellCummiskeyMeeneghanO'Connell2006" class="citation book cs1">O'Connell, Donncha; Cummiskey, Siobhan; Meeneghan, Emer; O'Connell, Paul (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402002333/http://www.nuigalway.ie/law/documents/publications/ECHR%20report%2018%20Oct%2006.pdf"><i>ECHR Act 2003: A Preliminary Assessment of Impact</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Dublin: Dublin Solicitors Bar Association and Law Society of Ireland. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-902027-37-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-902027-37-4"><bdi>978-0-902027-37-4</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nuigalway.ie/law/documents/publications/ECHR%20report%2018%20Oct%2006.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ECHR+Act+2003%3A+A+Preliminary+Assessment+of+Impact&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Dublin+Solicitors+Bar+Association+and+Law+Society+of+Ireland&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-902027-37-4&rft.aulast=O%27Connell&rft.aufirst=Donncha&rft.au=Cummiskey%2C+Siobhan&rft.au=Meeneghan%2C+Emer&rft.au=O%27Connell%2C+Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nuigalway.ie%2Flaw%2Fdocuments%2Fpublications%2FECHR%2520report%252018%2520Oct%252006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+of+the+Republic+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByrneMcCutcheonBrutonCoffey2014" class="citation book cs1">Byrne, Raymond; McCutcheon, Paul; Bruton, Claire; Coffey, Gerard (2014). <i>Byrne and McCutcheon on the Irish Legal System</i> (6th ed.). Bloomsbury Professional.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byrne+and+McCutcheon+on+the+Irish+Legal+System&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Professional&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Byrne&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.au=McCutcheon%2C+Paul&rft.au=Bruton%2C+Claire&rft.au=Coffey%2C+Gerard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+of+the+Republic+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie">Irish Statute Book</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/en/constitution/index.html">Constitution of Ireland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://acts.oireachtas.ie/index.html">Acts of the Oireachtas in Irish and English</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.attorneygeneral.ie">Office of the Attorney General of Ireland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishlaw.org">Irish Law Site at UCC</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/ireland1.htm">GlobaLex – Guide to Irish Law, 2016</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.llrx.com/2001/08/features-guide-to-irish-law/">Guide to Irish Law, 2001</a> — <a href="/wiki/LLRX" class="mw-redirect" title="LLRX">LLRX</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucc.ie/law/irlii/index.php">The Irish Legal Information Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bailii.org">The British and Irish Legal Information Institute</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Law_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Law_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Law of Europe">Law of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Albania" title="Law of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Andorra" title="Law of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Armenia" title="Law of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Austria" title="Law of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Azerbaijan" title="Law of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Belgium" title="Law of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Bulgaria" title="Law of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Croatia" title="Law of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Cyprus" title="Law of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Law of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Denmark" title="Law of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Estonia" title="Law of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Finland" title="Law of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_France" title="Law of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Germany" title="Law of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Law of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Hungary" title="Law of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Iceland" title="Law of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Italy" title="Law of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Law of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Latvia" title="Law of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Lithuania" title="Law of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Luxembourg" title="Law of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Malta" title="Law of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Moldova (page does not exist)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Netherlands" title="Law of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Norway" title="Law of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Poland" title="Law of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Portugal" title="Law of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Romania" title="Law of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Russia" title="Law of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Serbia" title="Law of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Slovakia" title="Law of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Slovenia (page does not exist)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Spain" title="Law of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Sweden" title="Law of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Switzerland" title="Law of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Law of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Ukraine" title="Law of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Vatican_City" title="Law of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Kosovo" title="Law of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Gibraltar" title="Law of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Guernsey" title="Law of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Law of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Jersey" title="Law of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_European_Union" title="Law of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ireland_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ireland_topics" title="Template:Ireland topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ireland_topics" title="Template talk:Ireland topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ireland_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ireland topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ireland_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ireland-related_topics" title="List of Ireland-related topics">topics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Outline of the Republic of Ireland">topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Northern_Ireland%E2%80%93related_topics" title="List of Northern Ireland–related topics">topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland" title="History of Ireland">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Irish_history" title="Timeline of Irish history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Ireland" title="Prehistoric Ireland">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protohistory_of_Ireland" title="Protohistory of Ireland">Protohistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(400%E2%80%93800)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ireland (400–800)">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Lordship of Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(800%E2%80%931169)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ireland (800–1169)">800–1169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1169%E2%80%931536)" title="History of Ireland (1169–1536)">1169–1536</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1536%E2%80%931691)" title="History of Ireland (1536–1691)">1536–1691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1691%E2%80%931800)" title="History of Ireland (1691–1800)">1691–1800</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1801%E2%80%931923)" title="History of Ireland (1801–1923)">1801–1923</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republic" title="Irish Republic">Irish Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ireland_(1921%E2%80%931922)" title="Southern Ireland (1921–1922)">Southern Ireland (1921–1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> (1921–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Northern_Ireland" title="History of Northern Ireland">since 1922</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State (1922–1937)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="History of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland (since 1922)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tara_(Ireland)" title="Battle of Tara (Ireland)">Battles of Tara</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Glenmama" title="Battle of Glenmama">Glenmama</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Clontarf" title="Battle of Clontarf">Clontarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_invasion_of_Ireland" title="Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland">Norman invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_campaign_in_Ireland" title="Bruce campaign in Ireland">Bruce campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Tudor conquest of Ireland">Tudor conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Rebellions" title="Desmond Rebellions">Desmond Rebellions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada_in_Ireland" title="Spanish Armada in Ireland">Spanish Armada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War_(Ireland)" title="Nine Years' War (Ireland)">Tyrone's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Earls" title="Flight of the Earls">Flight of the Earls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_of_Ulster" title="Plantation of Ulster">Plantation of Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1641" title="Irish Rebellion of 1641">1641 Rebellion</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irish_Confederate_Wars" title="Irish Confederate Wars">Confederate War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Cromwellian conquest of Ireland">Cromwellian conquest</a> / <a href="/wiki/Act_for_the_Settlement_of_Ireland_1652" title="Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652">Settlement of 1652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamite_War_in_Ireland" title="Williamite War in Ireland">Williamite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_laws_(Ireland)" title="Penal laws (Ireland)">Penal Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Famine_(1740%E2%80%931741)" title="Irish Famine (1740–1741)">First Great Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">1798 Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Act of Union (1800)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_rebellion_of_1803" title="Irish rebellion of 1803">1803 Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithe_War" title="Tithe War">Tithe War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Second Great Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_War" title="Land War">Land War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Rising" title="Fenian Rising">Fenian Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_lock-out" title="Dublin lock-out">Dublin lock-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland_Act_1914" title="Government of Ireland Act 1914">Home Rule crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty">Anglo-Irish Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(Ireland)" title="The Emergency (Ireland)">The Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_campaign_(Irish_Republican_Army)" title="Northern campaign (Irish Republican Army)">IRA Northern Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_campaign_(Irish_Republican_Army)" title="Border campaign (Irish Republican Army)">IRA Border Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economy of the Republic of Ireland">Economy of the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Tiger" title="Celtic Tiger">Celtic Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-2008_Irish_economic_downturn" title="Post-2008 Irish economic downturn">Post-2008 Irish economic downturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-2008_Irish_banking_crisis" title="Post-2008 Irish banking crisis">Post-2008 Irish banking crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Ireland" title="List of conflicts in Ireland">List of conflicts in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes#Goidels_/_Gaels_/_Hibernians" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">List of Irish tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_kingdoms" title="List of Irish kingdoms">List of Irish kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_High_Kings_of_Ireland" title="List of High Kings of Ireland">List of High Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland#Dress" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic clothing and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland">List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ireland" title="Geography of Ireland">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Natural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Ireland" title="Climate of Ireland">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Climate change in the Republic of Ireland">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_landforms_of_Ireland" title="Coastal landforms of Ireland">Coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Ireland" title="Extreme points of Ireland">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Ireland" title="Fauna of Ireland">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Ireland" title="List of islands of Ireland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_loughs_of_Ireland" title="List of loughs of Ireland">Loughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_mountains_in_Ireland" title="Lists of mountains in Ireland">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Ireland" title="Rivers of Ireland">Rivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Ireland" title="List of rivers of Ireland">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland">List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_the_United_Kingdom#National_parks_in_Northern_Ireland" title="National parks of the United Kingdom">in Northern Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Ireland" title="Architecture of Ireland">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings_in_Ireland" title="List of buildings in Ireland">Notable buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Ireland" title="List of tallest structures in Ireland">Tallest buildings and structures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Ireland" title="City status in Ireland">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Ireland" title="Counties of Ireland">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Demographics of the Republic of Ireland">Demographics of the Republic of Ireland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Demographics of Northern Ireland">of Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_Ireland" title="List of ports in Ireland">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Ireland" title="Provinces of Ireland">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_border" title="Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border">ROI–UK border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_towns_in_Ireland" title="Lists of towns in Ireland">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Tourism in the Republic of Ireland">Tourism in the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Ireland" title="List of tourist attractions in Ireland">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Ireland" title="Transport in Ireland">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_loyalism" title="Ulster loyalism">Ulster loyalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">Unionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Constitution of Ireland">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economy of the Republic of Ireland">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Education in the Republic of Ireland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ireland" title="Foreign relations of Ireland">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland" title="Government of Ireland">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Republic of Ireland">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas"><i>Oireachtas</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">parliament</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann"><i>Dáil Éireann</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(lower house)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann"><i>Seanad Éireann</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(upper house)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Taxation in the Republic of Ireland">Taxation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Politics of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_method" title="D'Hondt method">D'Hondt method</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Economy of Northern Ireland">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Education in Northern Ireland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive" title="Northern Ireland Executive">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Local government in Northern Ireland">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Northern_Ireland" title="LGBT rights in Northern Ireland">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Peace process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ireland" title="Culture of Ireland">Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_cuisine" title="Irish cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_dishes" title="List of Irish dishes">List of dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barmbrack" title="Barmbrack">Barmbrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacon_and_cabbage" title="Bacon and cabbage">Bacon and cabbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxty" title="Boxty">Boxty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_(food)" title="Champ (food)">Champ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coddle" title="Coddle">Coddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colcannon" title="Colcannon">Colcannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drisheen" title="Drisheen">Drisheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_breakfast#Ireland" title="Full breakfast">Irish fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skirts_and_kidneys" title="Skirts and kidneys">Skirts and kidneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soda_bread" title="Soda bread">Soda bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_bag" title="Spice bag">Spice Bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_stew" title="Irish stew">Stew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-in-1_(fast_food_dish)" title="3-in-1 (fast food dish)">Three-in-One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_coffee" title="Irish coffee">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cream" title="Irish cream">Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinness" title="Guinness">Guinness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Mist" title="Irish Mist">Mist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poit%C3%ADn" title="Poitín">Poitín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_breakfast_tea" title="Irish breakfast tea">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_whiskey" title="Irish whiskey">Whiskey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_dance" title="Irish dance">Dance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jig" title="Jig">Jig</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sean-n%C3%B3s_dance" title="Sean-nós dance">Sean-nós</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_set_dancing" title="Irish set dancing">Set dancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_stepdance" title="Irish stepdance">Stepdance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Imbolc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Bealtaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Twelfth" title="The Twelfth">The Twelfth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lughnasadh" title="Lughnasadh">Lúnasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Tralee_(festival)" title="Rose of Tralee (festival)">Rose of Tralee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wren_Day" title="Wren Day">Wren Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ireland" title="Languages of Ireland">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiberno-English" title="Hiberno-English">Hiberno-English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelta" title="Shelta">Shelta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_dialect" title="Ulster Scots dialect">Ulster Scots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_literature" title="Irish literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_annals" title="Irish annals">Annals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_prose_fiction" title="Irish prose fiction">Fiction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modern_literature_in_Irish" title="Modern literature in Irish">Gaeilge</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_poetry" title="Irish poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_theatre" title="Irish theatre">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triads_of_Ireland" title="Triads of Ireland">Triads</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ireland" title="Music of Ireland">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_ballads" title="List of Irish ballads">Ballads</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A8ilidh" title="Cèilidh">Céilí</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Folk music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music_session" title="Irish traditional music session">session</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_musical_instruments" title="Category:Irish musical instruments">Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Ireland" title="Rock music in Ireland">Rock music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Irish_singing" title="Traditional Irish singing">Traditional singing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Mythology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology#Mythological_cycle" title="Irish mythology">Cycles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mythological_Cycle" title="Mythological Cycle">Mythological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Cycle" title="Fenian Cycle">Fenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Cycle" title="Ulster Cycle">Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycles_of_the_Kings" title="Cycles of the Kings">Kings</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aos_S%C3%AD" title="Aos Sí">Aos Sí</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Echtra" title="Echtra">Echtrai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Immram" title="Immram">Immrama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tuatha_D%C3%A9_Danann" title="Tuatha Dé Danann">Tuatha Dé Danann</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Firbolg" class="mw-redirect" title="Firbolg">Firbolg</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fomorians" title="Fomorians">Fomorians</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Irish legendary creatures">Legendary creatures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_people" title="List of Irish people">List of Irish people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora" title="Irish diaspora">Irish diaspora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_people" title="Anglo-Irish people">Anglo-Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normans_in_Ireland" title="Normans in Ireland">Hiberno-Normans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Travellers" title="Irish Travellers">Travellers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Ulster Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yola_people" title="Yola people">Yola</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Immigration_to_the_Republic_of_Ireland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Immigration_to_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Template:Immigration to the Republic of Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immigration_to_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Template talk:Immigration to the Republic of Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration_to_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration to the Republic of Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Immigration_to_the_Republic_of_Ireland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland#Immigration" title="Demographics of the Republic of Ireland">Immigration to the Republic of Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americans_in_Ireland" title="Americans in Ireland">Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilians_in_Ireland" title="Brazilians in Ireland">Brazilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Ireland" title="Chinese people in Ireland">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_Ireland" title="Filipinos in Ireland">Filipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanians_in_Ireland" title="Lithuanians in Ireland">Lithuanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerians_in_Ireland" title="Nigerians in Ireland">Nigerians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_people_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian people in Ireland">South Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_minority_in_Ireland" title="Polish minority in Ireland">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Ireland" title="Romani people in Ireland">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Ireland" title="Turks in Ireland">Turks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Demographics of the Republic of Ireland">Demographics of the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Naturalisation_and_Immigration_Service" title="Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service">Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_4" title="Stamp 4">Stamp 4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Ireland" title="Sport in Ireland">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_football_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Association football in the Republic of Ireland">Association football in the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Association football in Northern Ireland">Association football in Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camogie" title="Camogie">Camogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_handball" title="Gaelic handball">Gaelic handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_martial_arts" title="Irish martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_road_bowling" title="Irish road bowling">Road bowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">Rounders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Ireland" title="Rugby union in Ireland">Rugby union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_Ireland" title="Category:National symbols of Ireland">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brigid%27s_cross" title="Brigid's cross">Brighid's Cross</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Celtic_harp" title="Celtic harp">Cláirseach</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Ireland" title="Armorial of Ireland">County coats of arms</a></li> <li><a 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