Mozilla Patents — Mozilla

<!doctype html> <html class="windows no-js" lang="en" dir="ltr" data-country-code="HK" data-needs-consent="False" data-latest-firefox="132.0.2" data-esr-versions="128.4.0" data-gtm-container-id="GTM-MW3R8V" data-stub-attribution-rate="1.0" data-sentry-dsn="https://c3ab8514873549d5b3785ebc7fb83c80@o1069899.ingest.sentry.io/6260331" > <head> <meta charset="utf-8">  <script src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/js/site.b49d941e3374.js"></script>    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Mozilla Patents — Mozilla</title> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Mozilla"> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/about/policy/patents/"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/mozilla-256.4720741d4108.jpg"> <meta property="og:title" content="Mozilla Patents"> <meta property="og:description" content=""> <meta property="fb:page_id" content="262134952380"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@mozilla"> <meta name="twitter:domain" content="mozilla.org"> <meta name="twitter:app:name:googleplay" content="Firefox"> <meta name="twitter:app:id:googleplay" content="org.mozilla.firefox"> <meta name="twitter:app:name:iphone" content="Firefox"> <meta name="twitter:app:id:iphone" content="989804926"> <meta name="twitter:app:name:ipad" content="Firefox"> <meta name="twitter:app:id:ipad" content="989804926"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="180x180" href="https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/favicons/mozilla/apple-touch-icon.8cbe9c835c00.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="196x196" href="https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/favicons/mozilla/favicon-196x196.2af054fea211.png"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/favicons/mozilla/favicon.d25d81d39065.ico"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/about/policy/patents/"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/about/policy/patents/" title="English"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-US" href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/about/policy/patents/" title="English (USA)"> <link href="https://mastodon.social/@mozilla" rel="me">    <link href="https://www.mozilla.org/media/css/protocol-mozilla.fb75279fb388.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <link href="https://www.mozilla.org/media/css/basic-article.d12c3532d13d.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <link href="https://www.mozilla.org/media/css/about-patents.936028be5631.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">        <script src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/js/gtm-snippet.b5b7c885f8fa.js"></script>  </head> <body id="about-patents" class="html-ltr mzp-t-mozilla about-patents" data-global-nav-current-link="about-us"> <div id="strings" data-global-close="Close" data-global-next="Next" data-global-previous="Previous" ></div> <aside class="moz-consent-banner" id="moz-consent-banner" role="region" aria-label="Cookie Banner" data-nosnippet="true" data-testid="consent-banner"> <div class="moz-consent-banner-content"> <h2 class="moz-consent-banner-heading">Help us improve your Mozilla experience</h2> <div class="moz-consent-banner-copy"> <p>In addition to Cookies necessary for this site to function, we’d like your permission to set some additional Cookies to better understand your browsing needs and improve your experience. Rest assured — we value your privacy.</p> <div class="moz-consent-banner-controls"> <button type="button" id="moz-consent-banner-button-accept" class="moz-consent-banner-button moz-consent-banner-button-accept" data-testid="consent-banner-accept-button"> Accept All Additional Cookies </button> <button type="button" id="moz-consent-banner-button-reject" class="moz-consent-banner-button moz-consent-banner-button-reject" data-testid="consent-banner-reject-button"> Reject All Additional Cookies </button> <a href="/en-US/privacy/websites/cookie-settings/"> Cookie settings </a> </div> </div> </div> </aside> <div class="c-navigation top-header-navigation mzp-is-sticky"> <div class="c-navigation-l-content"> <div class="c-navigation-container"> <button class="c-navigation-menu-button" type="button" aria-controls="c-navigation-items" data-testid="navigation-menu-button">Menu</button> <div class="c-navigation-logo"> <a href="/en-US/" data-link-text="mozilla home icon" data-link-position="nav"> <img class="c-navigation-logo-image" src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/protocol/img/logos/mozilla/logo-word-hor.e20791bb4dd4.svg" alt="Mozilla" width="112" height="32"> </a> </div> <div class="c-navigation-items" id="c-navigation-items" data-testid="navigation-menu-items"> <div class="c-navigation-shoulder"> <div id="protocol-nav-download-firefox" class="mzp-c-button-download-container c-button-download-thanks"> <a href="/firefox/download/thanks/" class="download-link c-button-download-thanks-link mzp-c-button mzp-t-product mzp-t-secondary mzp-t-md" data-direct-link="https://download.mozilla.org/?product=firefox-stub&os=win&lang=en-US" data-testid="protocol-nav-download-firefox" data-cta-text="Download Firefox" data-cta-position="nav"> Download Firefox </a> <div class="fx-unsupported-message win" data-nosnippet="true"> <p><strong>Firefox is <a href="https://support.mozilla.org/kb/firefox-users-windows-7-8-and-81-moving-extended-support">no longer supported</a> on Windows 8.1 and below.</strong></p> <p>Please download Firefox ESR (Extended Support Release) to use Firefox.</p> <div class="download-platform-list"> <p> <a class="mzp-c-button mzp-t-product download-link os_win64 ga-product-download" href="https://download.mozilla.org/?product=firefox-esr115-latest-ssl&os=win64&lang=en-US" data-download-version="win64" data-cta-text="Download Firefox Extended Support Release 64-bit" data-cta-type="firefox"> Download Firefox ESR 64-bit </a> </p> <p> <a class="mzp-c-button mzp-t-product download-link os_win ga-product-download" href="https://download.mozilla.org/?product=firefox-esr115-latest-ssl&os=win&lang=en-US" data-download-version="win" data-cta-text="Download Firefox Extended Support Release 32-bit" data-cta-type="firefox"> Download Firefox ESR 32-bit </a> </p> <small class="fx-unsupported-message-all-link"> <a href="/en-US/firefox/all/desktop-esr/"> Download a different build </a> </small> </div> </div> <div class="fx-unsupported-message mac" data-nosnippet="true"> <p><strong>Firefox is <a href="https://support.mozilla.org/kb/firefox-users-macos-1012-1013-1014-moving-to-extended-support">no longer supported</a> on macOS 10.14 and below.</strong></p> <p>Please download Firefox ESR (Extended Support Release) to use Firefox.</p> <div class="download-platform-list"> <a class="mzp-c-button mzp-t-product download-link ga-product-download" href="https://download.mozilla.org/?product=firefox-esr115-latest-ssl&os=osx&lang=en-US" data-download-version="osx" data-cta-text="Firefox Extended Support Release MacOS" data-cta-type="firefox"> Download Firefox ESR </a> </div> </div> <small class="mzp-c-button-download-privacy-link"> <a href="/en-US/privacy/firefox/"> Firefox Privacy Notice </a> </small> </div> <div class="c-navigation-vpn-cta-container"> <a href="/en-US/products/vpn/#pricing" class="mzp-c-button js-fxa-product-referral-link mzp-t-product mzp-t-secondary mzp-t-md" data-referral-id="navigation" data-cta-text="Get Mozilla VPN" data-cta-type="vpn" data-cta-position="navigation">Get Mozilla VPN</a> </div> </div> <div class="c-navigation-menu"> <nav class="c-menu mzp-is-basic"> <ul class="c-menu-category-list"> <li class="c-menu-category mzp-has-drop-down mzp-js-expandable"> <a class="c-menu-title" href="/en-US/firefox/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="c-menu-panel-firefox" data-testid="navigation-link-firefox">Firefox Browsers</a> <div class="c-menu-panel" id="c-menu-panel-firefox"> <div class="c-menu-panel-container" data-testid="navigation-menu-firefox"> <button class="c-menu-button-close" type="button" aria-controls="c-menu-panel-firefox">Close Firefox Browsers menu</button> <div class="c-menu-panel-content"> <ul class="mzp-l-rows-three"> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="/en-US/firefox/new/" data-link-text="Firefox Desktop Browser" data-link-position="topnav - firefox" data-testid="navigation-menu-link-firefox-desktop"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/protocol/img/logos/firefox/browser/logo.eb1324e44442.svg" class="c-menu-item-icon" width="32" height="32" alt=""> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Firefox for Desktop</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Get the not-for-profit-backed browser on Windows, Mac or Linux.</p> </a> </section> </li> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="/en-US/firefox/browsers/mobile/android/" data-link-text="Firefox for Android" data-link-position="topnav - firefox"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/protocol/img/logos/firefox/browser/logo.eb1324e44442.svg" class="c-menu-item-icon" width="32" height="32" alt=""> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Firefox for Android</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Get the customizable mobile browser for Android smartphones.</p> </a> </section> </li> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="/en-US/firefox/browsers/mobile/ios/" data-link-text="Firefox for iOS" data-link-position="topnav - firefox"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/protocol/img/logos/firefox/browser/logo.eb1324e44442.svg" class="c-menu-item-icon" width="32" height="32" alt=""> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Firefox for iOS</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Get the mobile browser for your iPhone or iPad.</p> </a> </section> </li> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="/en-US/firefox/browsers/mobile/focus/" data-link-text="Firefox Focus" data-link-position="topnav - firefox"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/protocol/img/logos/firefox/browser/focus/logo.aac3e33175cb.svg" class="c-menu-item-icon" width="32" height="32" alt=""> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Firefox Focus</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Simply private mobile browsing.</p> </a> </section> </li> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="https://blog.mozilla.org/firefox/?utm_source=www.mozilla.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=nav&utm_content=firefox" data-link-text="Firefox Blog" data-link-position="topnav - firefox"> <svg class="c-menu-item-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#42435a" d="M21.1 7.5c-.2-.2-.2-.5 0-.7l.5-.5c.8-.8 2.1-.8 2.9 0l1.2 1.2c.8.8.8 2.1 0 2.9l-.5.5c-.2.2-.5.2-.7 0l-3.4-3.4zm2.3 4.5c.2.2.2.5 0 .7L12.7 23.4c-.2.2-.4.3-.6.4l-5.7 2.4c-.3.1-.6 0-.7-.3-.1-.1-.1-.3 0-.4L8.1 20c.1-.2.3-.5.4-.6L19.2 8.6c.2-.2.5-.2.7 0l3.5 3.4zM11.5 22.7l-3.9 1.7 1.7-3.9c0-.1.1-.2.2-.2l2.3 2.3c-.1 0-.2.1-.3.1z"></path></svg> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Firefox Blog</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Read about new Firefox features and ways to stay safe online.</p> </a> </section> </li> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="/firefox/132.0.2/releasenotes/" data-link-text="Release Notes" data-link-position="topnav - firefox"> <svg class="c-menu-item-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#42435a" d="M2.7 23.6c0 2.4 2 4.4 4.4 4.4h5.6c1.4 0 2.3.5 3.3 1.5 1-1 2-1.5 3.3-1.5h5.6c2.4 0 4.4-2 4.4-4.4V8.4c0-2.4-2-4.4-4.4-4.4h-5.6C18 4 17 4.2 16 5.2c-1-1-2-1.2-3.3-1.2H7.1C4.6 4 2.7 6 2.7 8.4v15.2zm24 0c0 1-.8 1.7-1.7 1.7h-5.6c-1.3 0-2.3.2-3.3 1.2-1-1-2-1.2-3.3-1.2H7.1c-1 0-1.7-.8-1.7-1.7V8.4c0-1 .8-1.7 1.7-1.7h5.6c1.3 0 2.3.5 3.3 1.5 1-1 2-1.5 3.3-1.5h5.6c1 0 1.7.8 1.7 1.7v15.2zM13.3 10.7H8c-.4 0-.7-.3-.7-.7 0-.4.3-.7.7-.7h5.3c.4 0 .7.3.7.7 0 .4-.3.7-.7.7zm-5.3 4h5.3c.4 0 .7-.3.7-.7s-.3-.7-.7-.7H8c-.4 0-.7.3-.7.7s.3.7.7.7zm5.3 4H8c-.4 0-.7-.3-.7-.7s.3-.7.7-.7h5.3c.4 0 .7.3.7.7s-.3.7-.7.7zm-5.3 4h3.4c.4 0 .7-.3.7-.7s-.3-.7-.7-.7H8c-.4 0-.7.3-.7.7s.3.7.7.7z"></path></svg> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Release Notes</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Get the details on the latest Firefox updates.</p> </a> </section> </li> </ul> <p class="c-menu-category-link"><a href="/en-US/firefox/" data-link-text="View all Firefox Browsers" data-link-position="topnav - firefox">View all Firefox Browsers</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="c-menu-category mzp-has-drop-down mzp-js-expandable"> <a class="c-menu-title" href="/en-US/products/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="c-menu-panel-products" data-testid="navigation-link-products">Products</a> <div class="c-menu-panel" id="c-menu-panel-products" data-testid="navigation-menu-products"> <div class="c-menu-panel-container"> <button class="c-menu-button-close" type="button" aria-controls="c-menu-panel-products">Close Products menu</button> <div class="c-menu-panel-content"> <ul class="mzp-l-rows-four"> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="https://monitor.mozilla.org/?utm_source=www.mozilla.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=nav&utm_content=products" data-link-text="Mozilla Monitor" data-link-position="topnav - products"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/protocol/img/logos/firefox/monitor/logo.d97e5516f9e6.svg" class="c-menu-item-icon" width="32" height="32" alt=""> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Mozilla Monitor</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">See if your email has appeared in a company’s data breach.</p> </a> </section> </li> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="/en-US/firefox/facebookcontainer/" data-link-text="Facebook Container" data-link-position="topnav - products"> <svg class="c-menu-item-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#f80073" d="M27 1H5C2.8 1 1 2.8 1 5v22c0 2.2 1.8 4 4 4h22c2.2 0 4-1.8 4-4V5c0-2.2-1.8-4-4-4z"></path><path fill="#fff" d="M26 8.8l-1.4-1.4c-.1-.1-.2-.1-.3 0l-1.4 1.4-.1.1v2.8h-2.3V8.9L19 7.4c-.1-.1-.2-.1-.3 0l-1.4 1.4-.1.1v2.8h-2.3V8.9l-1.4-1.4c-.1-.1-.2-.1-.3 0l-1.4 1.4-.1.1v2.8H9.2V8.9L7.8 7.4c-.1-.1-.2-.1-.3 0L6 8.8l-.1.1v15c0 .1.1.2.2.2H9c.1 0 .2-.1.2-.2v-2.8h2.3V24c0 .1.1.2.2.2h2.8c.1 0 .2-.1.2-.2v-2.8H17V24c0 .1.1.2.2.2H20c.1 0 .2-.1.2-.2v-2.8h2.3V24c0 .1.1.2.2.2h2.8c.1 0 .2-.1.2-.2V9c.4-.1.3-.2.3-.2zm-14.7 11H9.2v-6.6h2.3v6.6h-.2zm5.6 0h-2.1v-6.6h2.3v6.6h-.2zm5.7 0h-2.1v-6.6h2.3v6.6h-.2z"></path></svg> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Facebook Container</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Help prevent Facebook from collecting your data outside their site.</p> </a> </section> </li> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="https://getpocket.com/firefox_learnmore/?utm_source=www.mozilla.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=nav&utm_content=products" data-link-text="Pocket" data-link-position="topnav - products"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/protocol/img/logos/pocket/logo.17446bc33a5d.svg" class="c-menu-item-icon" width="32" height="32" alt=""> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Pocket</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Save and discover the best stories from across the web.</p> </a> </section> </li> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="/en-US/products/vpn/" data-link-text="Mozilla VPN" data-link-position="topnav - products"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/protocol/img/logos/mozilla/vpn/logo.c648f487bfb8.svg" class="c-menu-item-icon" width="32" height="32" alt=""> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Mozilla VPN</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Get protection beyond your browser, on all your devices.</p> </a> </section> </li> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="https://relay.firefox.com/?utm_source=www.mozilla.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=nav&utm_content=products" data-link-text="Firefox Relay" data-link-position="topnav - projects"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/protocol/img/logos/firefox/relay/logo.683083c53b93.svg" class="c-menu-item-icon" width="32" height="32" alt=""> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Firefox Relay</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Sign up for new accounts without handing over your email address.</p> </a> </section> </li> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/plus?utm_source=www.mozilla.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=nav&utm_content=products" data-link-text="MDN Plus" data-link-position="topnav - projects"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/nav/icons/icon-mdn-plus.f54475f980ab.svg" class="c-menu-item-icon" width="32" height="32" alt=""> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">MDN Plus</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">New features and tools for a customized MDN experience</p> </a> </section> </li> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="https://fakespot.com/?utm_source=www.mozilla.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=nav&utm_content=products" data-link-text="Fakespot" data-link-position="topnav - projects"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/logos/fakespot/logo-blue.3973b8fe9631.svg" class="c-menu-item-icon" width="32" height="32" alt=""> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Fakespot</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Use AI to detect fake reviews and scams</p> </a> </section> </li> </ul> <p class="c-menu-category-link"><a href="/en-US/products/" data-link-text="View all Products" data-link-position="topnav - products">View all Products</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="c-menu-category mzp-has-drop-down mzp-js-expandable"> <a class="c-menu-title" href="/en-US/about/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="c-menu-panel-about" data-testid="navigation-link-who-we-are">Who We Are</a> <div class="c-menu-panel" id="c-menu-panel-about" data-testid="navigation-menu-who-we-are"> <div class="c-menu-panel-container"> <button class="c-menu-button-close" type="button" aria-controls="c-menu-panel-about">Close Who We Are menu</button> <div class="c-menu-panel-content"> <ul class="mzp-l-rows-four"> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="/en-US/about/manifesto/" data-link-text="Mozilla Manifesto" data-link-position="topnav - who-we-are"> <svg class="c-menu-item-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#42435a" d="M9.5 28.6h13.1c2.6 0 4.6-2.1 4.6-4.6V8.1c0-2.6-2.1-4.6-4.6-4.6H9.5c-2.6 0-4.6 2.1-4.6 4.6V24c-.1 2.5 2 4.6 4.6 4.6zM7.6 8.1c0-1 .8-1.8 1.8-1.8h13.1c1 0 1.8.8 1.8 1.8V24c0 1-.8 1.8-1.8 1.8h-13c-1 0-1.8-.8-1.8-1.8V8.1zm12.6 2.3h-8.4c-.4 0-.7-.3-.7-.7 0-.4.3-.7.7-.7h8.4c.4 0 .7.3.7.7 0 .4-.3.7-.7.7zm-8.4 4.2h8.4c.4 0 .7-.3.7-.7s-.3-.7-.7-.7h-8.4c-.4 0-.7.3-.7.7s.3.7.7.7zm8.4 4.2h-8.4c-.4 0-.7-.3-.7-.7s.3-.7.7-.7h8.4c.4 0 .7.3.7.7s-.3.7-.7.7zM11.8 23h3.6c.4 0 .7-.3.7-.7s-.3-.7-.7-.7h-3.6c-.4 0-.7.3-.7.7s.3.7.7.7z"></path></svg> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Mozilla Manifesto</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Learn about the values and principles that guide our mission.</p> </a> </section> </li> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="https://foundation.mozilla.org/?utm_source=www.mozilla.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=nav&utm_content=who-we-are" data-link-text="Mozilla Foundation" data-link-position="topnav - who-we-are"> <svg class="c-menu-item-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#42435a" d="M16 9.3V4H2.7v24h26.7V9.3H16zm-8 16H5.3v-2.7H8v2.7zM8 20H5.3v-2.7H8V20zm0-5.3H5.3V12H8v2.7zm0-5.4H5.3V6.7H8v2.6zm5.3 16h-2.7v-2.7h2.7v2.7zm0-5.3h-2.7v-2.7h2.7V20zm0-5.3h-2.7V12h2.7v2.7zm0-5.4h-2.7V6.7h2.7v2.6zm13.4 16H16v-2.7h2.7V20H16v-2.7h2.7v-2.7H16V12h10.7v13.3zM24 14.7h-2.7v2.7H24v-2.7zm0 5.3h-2.7v2.7H24V20z"></path></svg> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Mozilla Foundation</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Meet the not-for-profit behind Firefox that stands for a better web.</p> </a> </section> </li> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="/about/leadership/" data-link-text="Leadership" data-link-position="topnav - who-we-are"> <svg class="c-menu-item-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#42435a" d="M22.7 13.9V2.7H9.3v11.2c0 .5.2.9.7 1.1l5.6 3.3-1.3 3.1-4.5.4 3.5 3-1.1 4.4L16 27l3.9 2.4-1-4.4 3.5-3-4.5-.4-1.3-3.1 5.6-3.3c.2-.4.5-.8.5-1.3zm-5.4 2.4l-1.3.8-1.3-.8V4h2.7v12.3z"></path></svg> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Leadership</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Meet the team that’s building technology for a better internet.</p> </a> </section> </li> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="/en-US/contribute/" data-link-text="Get Involved" data-link-position="topnav - who-we-are"> <svg class="c-menu-item-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#42435a" d="M12 22.7l4-3.9c-.5-.1-.9-.1-1.3-.1C11.1 18.7 4 20.5 4 24v2.7h12l-4-4zm2.7-6.7c2.9 0 5.3-2.4 5.3-5.3s-2.4-5.3-5.3-5.3-5.3 2.4-5.3 5.3c-.1 2.9 2.3 5.3 5.3 5.3z"></path><path fill="#42435a" d="M20.6 27.3L16 22.7l1.9-1.9 2.8 2.8 6.8-6.9 1.9 1.9-8.8 8.7z"></path></svg> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Get involved</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Join the fight for a healthy internet.</p> </a> </section> </li> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="/en-US/careers/" data-link-text="Careers" data-link-position="topnav - who-we-are"> <svg class="c-menu-item-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="32" height="32"><path fill="#42435a" d="M13.3 21.3V20H4v5.3C4 26.8 5.2 28 6.7 28h18.7c1.5 0 2.7-1.2 2.7-2.7V20h-9.3v1.3h-5.5zm13.4-12h-5.3V6.7L18.7 4h-5.3l-2.7 2.7v2.7H5.3c-1.5 0-2.7 1.2-2.7 2.7v4c0 1.5 1.2 2.7 2.7 2.7h8V16h5.3v2.7h8c1.5 0 2.7-1.2 2.7-2.7v-4c0-1.5-1.2-2.7-2.6-2.7zm-8 0h-5.3V6.7h5.3v2.6z"></path></svg> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Careers</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Work for a mission-driven organization that makes people-first products.</p> </a> </section> </li> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="https://blog.mozilla.org/?utm_source=www.mozilla.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=nav&utm_content=who-we-are" data-link-text="Mozilla Blog" data-link-position="topnav - who-we-are"> <svg class="c-menu-item-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#42435a" d="M21.1 7.5c-.2-.2-.2-.5 0-.7l.5-.5c.8-.8 2.1-.8 2.9 0l1.2 1.2c.8.8.8 2.1 0 2.9l-.5.5c-.2.2-.5.2-.7 0l-3.4-3.4zm2.3 4.5c.2.2.2.5 0 .7L12.7 23.4c-.2.2-.4.3-.6.4l-5.7 2.4c-.3.1-.6 0-.7-.3-.1-.1-.1-.3 0-.4L8.1 20c.1-.2.3-.5.4-.6L19.2 8.6c.2-.2.5-.2.7 0l3.5 3.4zM11.5 22.7l-3.9 1.7 1.7-3.9c0-.1.1-.2.2-.2l2.3 2.3c-.1 0-.2.1-.3.1z"></path></svg> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Mozilla Blog</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Learn about Mozilla and the issues that matter to us.</p> </a> </section> </li> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="/en-US/impact/" data-link-text="Impact" data-link-position="topnav - who-we-are"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="c-menu-item-icon"><g transform="translate(4 1)" fill="none"><path d="M.4 14.7 4 12v7l-2.4 1.8A1 1 0 0 1 0 20v-4.5a1 1 0 0 1 .4-.8zM15.6 14.7 12 12v7l2.4 1.8A1 1 0 0 0 16 20v-4.5a1 1 0 0 0-.4-.8z" stroke="#42435a" stroke-width="2"/><path d="M5.137 4.14 7.127.569a1 1 0 0 1 1.747 0l1.989 3.57A9 9 0 0 1 12 8.52V19.02H4V8.52a9 9 0 0 1 1.137-4.38z" stroke="#42435a" stroke-width="2"/><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="1.5" fill="#42435a"/><path d="M7.95 16v6" stroke="#42435a" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-width="2"/></g></svg> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Impact</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Find out how we’re making the internet more inclusive and sustainable</p> </a> </section> </li> </ul> <p class="c-menu-category-link"> <a href="/en-US/about/" data-link-text="More About Mozilla" data-link-position="topnav - who-we-are">More About Mozilla</a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="c-menu-category mzp-has-drop-down mzp-js-expandable"> <a class="c-menu-title" href="https://future.mozilla.org/?utm_source=www.mozilla.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=nav&utm_content=innovation" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="c-menu-panel-innovation" data-testid="navigation-link-innovation">Innovation</a> <div class="c-menu-panel" id="c-menu-panel-innovation" data-testid="navigation-menu-innovation"> <div class="c-menu-panel-container"> <button class="c-menu-button-close" type="button" aria-controls="c-menu-panel-innovation">Close Innovation menu</button> <div class="c-menu-panel-content"> <ul class="mzp-l-rows-two"> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="/en-US/firefox/developer/" data-link-text="Firefox Developer Edition" data-link-position="topnav - innovation"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/protocol/img/logos/firefox/browser/developer/logo.41d42822c8fb.svg" class="c-menu-item-icon" width="32" height="32" alt=""> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Firefox Developer Edition</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Get the Firefox browser built just for developers.</p> </a> </section> </li> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/?utm_source=www.mozilla.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=nav&utm_content=innovation" data-link-text="MDN Web Docs" data-link-position="topnav - innovation"> <img loading="lazy" class="c-menu-item-icon" src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/nav/icons/icon-mdn-web-docs.9ed01cfe71c7.svg" alt=""> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">MDN Web Docs</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Check out the home for web developer resources.</p> </a> </section> </li> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="https://future.mozilla.org/?utm_source=www.mozilla.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=nav&utm_content=innovation" data-link-text="Mozilla Innovation Projects" data-link-position="topnav - innovation"> <img loading="lazy" class="c-menu-item-icon" src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/nav/icons/icon-innovation-projects.11f189479119.svg" alt=""> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Mozilla Innovation Projects</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Discover ways to bring bright ideas to life.</p> </a> </section> </li> <li> <section class="c-menu-item mzp-has-icon"> <a class="c-menu-item-link" href="https://commonvoice.mozilla.org/?utm_source=www.mozilla.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=nav&utm_content=innovation" data-link-text="Common Voice" data-link-position="topnav - innovation"> <img loading="lazy" class="c-menu-item-icon" src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/nav/icons/icon-common-voice.127fa3f5dcb0.svg" alt=""> <h4 class="c-menu-item-title">Common Voice</h4> <p class="c-menu-item-desc">Donate your voice so the future of the web can hear everyone.</p> </a> </section> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="outer-wrapper"> <div id="main-content" class="mzp-l-content mzp-has-sidebar mzp-l-sidebar-left"> <aside class="mzp-l-sidebar"> <nav class="mzp-c-sidemenu"> <section class="mzp-c-sidemenu-summary mzp-js-toggle" aria-controls="sidebar-menu" data-testid="side-menu-toggle"> <h2 class="mzp-c-sidemenu-label">Menu</h2> <ul> <li>About Mozilla</li> <li class="mzp-is-current">Patents</li> </ul> </section> <section class="mzp-c-sidemenu-main" id="sidebar-menu" data-testid="side-menu-main"> <h2 class="mzp-c-sidemenu-title "> <a href="/en-US/about/">About Mozilla</a> </h2> <ul> <li > <a href="/en-US/mission/">Mission</a> </li> <li > <a href="/en-US/about/history/">History</a> </li> <li > <a href="/about/leadership/">Leadership</a> </li> <li > <a href="/en-US/about/governance/">Governance</a> </li> <li > <a href="/en-US/about/forums/">Forums</a> </li> <li class="mzp-is-current"> <a href="/en-US/about/policy/patents/">Patents</a> </li> </ul> </section> </nav> <div class="side-reference"> <h4 class="side-reference-title">Our Products</h4> <p>Software and other innovations designed to advance our mission.</p> <a class="more" href="/en-US/products/">Learn more</a> </div> <div class="side-reference"> <h4 class="side-reference-title">Get Involved</h4> <p>Become a volunteer contributor in a number of different areas.</p> <a class="more" href="/en-US/contribute/">Learn more</a> </div> <div class="side-reference"> <h4 class="side-reference-title">Mozilla’s vision for the Web</h4> <p>Read about our vision for the Web and how we intend to pursue that vision.</p> <a class="more" href="/en-US/about/webvision/">Learn more</a> </div> </aside> <main class="mzp-l-main"> <article class="mzp-c-article"> <h1 class="mzp-c-article-title">Open Innovation and Software Patents</h1> <nav id="patent-nav"> <ul> <li><a href="/en-US/about/policy/patents/license/">Mozilla Open Software Patent License (MOSPL)</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/about/policy/patents/guide/">Open Software Patent License Guide</a></li> </ul> </nav> <section> <h2>The patent system is challenging for software development, and this is especially true for open source software.</h2> <p>While some patent owners use their patents defensively, many others use them offensively to prevent others from developing innovative and competitive software. Both the costs of fighting a patent infringement lawsuit and the potential damages involved can be large, making even the threat of patent infringement enough to prevent new innovations. Open source projects are particularly vulnerable because they tend to be smaller entities without money to defend infringement suits, let alone create a defensive patent portfolio.</p> <p>Unfortunately, the problem is only worsening:</p> <ul class="mzp-u-list-styled"> <li>The number of patents applications that cover software has grown exponentially over the past decade, and overburdened patent offices applying unclear and non-technical standards have granted many vague or overbroad software patents.</li> <li>When considering the validity of a patent application, patent offices primarily look to their own databases for “prior art” (information used to invalidate a patent during the application process). For written publications beyond that, patent offices often rely on the applicant to identify and provide copies of prior art for them. This means patent examiners rarely ever see open source repositories, code, comments, presentations, or discussions and that much of the innovation created by open source software projects and work that exists in their repositories may go overlooked before a patent right is granted to someone else.</li> <li>Once a patent is granted, courts generally presume it is valid, making it many times more expensive to fight. Because of this, patent busting projects become hard to scale, even if there is valid prior art in the open source software world or if the patent shouldn’t have been granted for other reasons.</li> </ul> <p>In this way, patents directed at software create an atmosphere of fear, uncertainty, and doubt that threaten future open innovation and the next generation of independent open source software projects.</p> </section> <section> <h2>This is why we’ve created the Mozilla Open Software Patent Initiative.</h2> <p> Obtaining a patent generally means the patent owner has the right to stop others from innovating under the patent’s claims. We’ve flipped this idea on its head and created a way to use patents to expressly permit everyone to openly innovate. </p> <p>Not only does this allow for more protection for open source software, it helps patent offices find prior art embodied in open source projects in order to prevent others from claiming it and excluding the rest of us from using it. </p> <p>As part of the Initiative, we plan on selectively applying for patents to protect free and open source software development. As we obtain these patents, we will immediately license them out under a royalty-free license to all comers. Each entity that receives the license must also, in turn, allow open source software projects to freely innovate without fear from patents. </p> <p> This means that effective immediately, for every patent Mozilla acquires, Mozilla will immediately offer everyone a royalty-free non-exclusive license to all of Mozilla’s patents under the <a href="/en-US/about/policy/patents/license/">Mozilla Open Software Patent License (MOSPL)</a>. The MOSPL grants you a license to make, use, or distribute any software that would be covered by one of our patents, so long as (i) you don’t offensively sue, threaten, or accuse anyone’s <a href="/en-US/about/policy/patents/license/#software">Software</a> of infringing your patents (using your portfolio to defend yourself against a prior-filed patent lawsuit is OK) and (ii) you agree to grant (upon request) your own royalty-free license under any patents you own to all open-source software projects that agrees or has agreed to be bound by the MOSPL. Read all the terms of the full license. </p> </section> <section> <h2>How you can get involved</h2> <p>Getting involved is simple, and there are many ways to do it. Much like the power of open source, the power of an open source patent license comes from networks of people who believe in its mission. The more entities that license their software patents to include and encourage open innovation (rather than reserve all rights to exclude) the healthier the open source ecosystem gets. Whether you use the MOSPL or another inclusive license, you’re helping solve the patent problem for open innovators. As such, we’ve created an Open Software Patent License Guide to help highlight considerations if you are thinking about licensing options that encourage innovation, rather than discourage it.</p> <p><a href="/en-US/about/policy/patents/guide/">Open Software Patent License Guide</a></p> <h2>FAQ</h2> <div id="faq"> <details> <summary><h3>What happens if I’m using one of Mozilla’s products, such as Firefox? Does this license apply to my use?</h3></summary> <p>Not unless you want it to - the choice is yours. The code that we write is licensed under open source licenses that contain express or sometimes implied patent licenses. We generally use the Mozilla Public License v2, but have also released code under Apache Public License and BSD licenses, among others. Your use of the code we write is subject to those open source licenses, independent of the MOSPL. However, you may choose to also take a license to the patents under the MOSPL.</p> </details> <details> <summary><h3>How does this license apply to me?</h3></summary> <p>You automatically benefit from the license if you need it - meaning if you would otherwise infringe a patent without the license. The license will continue to benefit you as long as you adhere to the conditions of the license. If you would like to make it explicitly clear that the license does not apply to you, or if you would like to terminate the license, you need only make a public statement of your intention to no longer be party to the license by following the instructions in Section 4(b) of the license.</p> </details> <details> <summary><h3>Does the MOSPL affect any other non-exclusive licenses that I receive?</h3></summary> <p>No, the MOSPL doesn’t negatively affect any license you might have independently received. For example, Mozilla may have granted you a patent license under the Mozilla Public License v2 (that we provide to all users of Firefox). We may also have granted you a patent license (or agreed to make licenses available on a royalty-free basis) through our contribution at a standard-setting organization like the W3C in connection with the practice of a standard. The MOSPL separately ensures you are permitted to develop software on your own, independent of Firefox or a W3C standard, that might otherwise be covered by a patent. If you decide you do not want the MOSPL to apply to you, it will not affect your other licenses in connection with Firefox or W3C standards.</p> </details> <details> <summary><h3>How does this project address the software patent quality issues?</h3></summary> <p>The more innovations in open source projects are patented, the easier it will be for patent examiners to identify them as prior art for future applications. This will lead to higher quality software patents. We do not predict that Mozilla’s own patents and defensive publications will, by themselves, be enough to substantially increase the quality of every type of issued patent. However, we hope that the example this project sets along with the <a href="/en-US/about/policy/patents/guide/">Open Software Patent Licensing Guide</a> we’ve provided will encourage others to consider openly licensing their portfolio and applying for patents on their open source innovations to help increase software patent quality. Mozilla has also begun to advocate publicly for patent law reform that would further advance software patent quality: <a rel="external" href="https://blog.mozilla.org/netpolicy/files/2015/05/Mozilla-USPTO-Filing-May-2015-5-6.pdf">https://blog.mozilla.org/netpolicy/files/2015/05/Mozilla-USPTO-Filing-May-2015-5-6.pdf</a>.</p> </details> <details> <summary><h3>Why aren’t the License on Transfer (LOT) or the Innovator’s Patent Agreement (IPA) on your list of potential open patent licenses?</h3></summary> <p>The Innovator’s Patent Agreement is a well considered initiative targeted to address the problem of patent lawsuits that do not have the permission of the original inventor. While this can work to help individual inventors within a company ensure their work won’t be used in unintended ways, it doesn’t explicitly ensure openness or inclusivity for communities or ecosystems in the same way that MOSPL or the other licenses do.</p> <p>License on Transfer is also an impactful initiative that addresses the narrower problem of patent trolls buying up patents and then shaking down entire industries. While these suits pose an obvious threat to innovation in general, LOT does not provide any direct assurances or commitments to open source innovation.</p> </details> </div> </section> </article> </main> </div> <aside class="section section-newsletter" id="newsletter-subscribe"> <div class="content"> <div class="mzp-l-content"> <aside class="mzp-c-newsletter t-love"> <div class="mzp-c-newsletter-image"> <img src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/newsletter/love-news.29939f4176b4.svg" alt="" height="172" width="200"> </div> <div class="newsletter-content"> <form id="newsletter-form" class="mzp-c-newsletter-form" action="https://basket.mozilla.org/news/subscribe/" method="post" data-testid="newsletter-form"> <div hidden> <div id="id_newsletters"><div> <label for="id_newsletters_0"><input type="checkbox" name="newsletters" value="mozilla-foundation" id="id_newsletters_0" checked> Mozilla Foundation</label> </div> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="source_url" value="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/about/policy/patents/"> <header class="mzp-c-newsletter-header"> <h3 class="mzp-c-newsletter-title">Love the Web?</h3> <p class="mzp-c-newsletter-desc">Get the Mozilla newsletter and help us keep it open and free.</p> </header> <fieldset class="mzp-c-newsletter-content"> <div class="mzp-c-form-errors hidden" id="newsletter-errors" data-testid="newsletter-error-message"> <ul class="mzp-u-list-styled"> <li class="error-email-invalid hidden"> Please enter a valid email address </li> <li class="error-select-country hidden"> Please select a country or region </li> <li class="error-select-language hidden"> Please select a language </li> <li class="error-newsletter-checkbox hidden"> Please check at least one of the newsletter options. </li> <li class="error-privacy-policy hidden"> You must agree to the privacy notice </li> <li class="error-try-again-later hidden"> We are sorry, but there was a problem with our system. Please try again later! </li> </ul> </div> <label for="id_email">Your email address:</label> <input type="email" name="email" required data-testid="newsletter-email-input" maxlength="320" placeholder="yourname@example.com" class="mzp-js-email-field" id="id_email"> <div id="newsletter-details" class="mzp-c-newsletter-details"> <div class="mzp-c-newsletter-details-inner"> <label for="id_country">Select country or region:</label> <p><select name="country" required="required" aria-required="true" data-testid="newsletter-country-select" id="id_country"> <option value="af">Afghanistan</option> <option value="qz">Akrotiri</option> <option value="al">Albania</option> <option value="dz">Algeria</option> <option value="as">American Samoa</option> <option value="ad">Andorra</option> <option value="ao">Angola</option> <option value="ai">Anguilla</option> <option value="aq">Antarctica</option> <option value="ag">Antigua and Barbuda</option> <option value="ar">Argentina</option> <option value="am">Armenia</option> <option value="aw">Aruba</option> <option value="xa">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</option> <option value="au">Australia</option> <option value="at">Austria</option> <option value="az">Azerbaijan</option> <option value="bs">Bahamas, The</option> <option value="bh">Bahrain</option> <option value="xb">Baker Island</option> <option value="bd">Bangladesh</option> <option value="bb">Barbados</option> <option value="qs">Bassas da India</option> <option value="by">Belarus</option> <option value="be">Belgium</option> <option value="bz">Belize</option> <option value="bj">Benin</option> <option value="bm">Bermuda</option> <option value="bt">Bhutan</option> <option value="bo">Bolivia</option> <option value="ba">Bosnia and Herzegovina</option> <option value="bw">Botswana</option> <option value="bv">Bouvet Island</option> <option value="br">Brazil</option> <option value="io">British Indian Ocean Territory</option> <option value="bn">Brunei</option> <option value="bg">Bulgaria</option> <option value="bf">Burkina Faso</option> <option value="mm">Burma</option> <option value="bi">Burundi</option> <option value="kh">Cambodia</option> <option value="cm">Cameroon</option> <option value="ca">Canada</option> <option value="cv">Cape Verde</option> <option value="bq">Caribbean Netherlands</option> <option value="ky">Cayman Islands</option> <option value="cf">Central African Republic</option> <option value="td">Chad</option> <option value="cl">Chile</option> <option value="cn">China</option> <option value="cx">Christmas Island</option> <option value="cp">Clipperton Island</option> <option value="cc">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</option> <option value="co">Colombia</option> <option value="km">Comoros</option> <option value="cg">Congo (Brazzaville)</option> <option value="cd">Congo (Kinshasa)</option> <option value="ck">Cook Islands</option> <option value="xc">Coral Sea Islands</option> <option value="cr">Costa Rica</option> <option value="hr">Croatia</option> <option value="cu">Cuba</option> <option value="cw">Curaçao</option> <option value="cy">Cyprus</option> <option value="cz">Czechia</option> <option value="ci">Côte d’Ivoire</option> <option value="dk">Denmark</option> <option value="xd">Dhekelia</option> <option value="dg">Diego Garcia</option> <option value="dj">Djibouti</option> <option value="dm">Dominica</option> <option value="do">Dominican Republic</option> <option value="ec">Ecuador</option> <option value="eg">Egypt</option> <option value="sv">El Salvador</option> <option value="gq">Equatorial Guinea</option> <option value="er">Eritrea</option> <option value="ee">Estonia</option> <option value="sz">Eswatini</option> <option value="et">Ethiopia</option> <option value="xe">Europa Island</option> <option value="fk">Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)</option> <option value="fo">Faroe Islands</option> <option value="fj">Fiji</option> <option value="fi">Finland</option> <option value="fr">France</option> <option value="gf">French Guiana</option> <option value="pf">French Polynesia</option> <option value="tf">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</option> <option value="ga">Gabon</option> <option value="gm">Gambia, The</option> <option value="xg">Gaza Strip</option> <option value="ge">Georgia</option> <option value="de">Germany</option> <option value="gh">Ghana</option> <option value="gi">Gibraltar</option> <option value="qx">Glorioso Islands</option> <option value="gr">Greece</option> <option value="gl">Greenland</option> <option value="gd">Grenada</option> <option value="gp">Guadeloupe</option> <option value="gu">Guam</option> <option value="gt">Guatemala</option> <option value="gg">Guernsey</option> <option value="gn">Guinea</option> <option value="gw">Guinea-Bissau</option> <option value="gy">Guyana</option> <option value="ht">Haiti</option> <option value="hm">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</option> <option value="hn">Honduras</option> <option value="hk">Hong Kong</option> <option value="xh">Howland Island</option> <option value="hu">Hungary</option> <option value="is">Iceland</option> <option value="in">India</option> <option value="id">Indonesia</option> <option value="ir">Iran</option> <option value="iq">Iraq</option> <option value="ie">Ireland</option> <option value="im">Isle of Man</option> <option value="il">Israel</option> <option value="it">Italy</option> <option value="jm">Jamaica</option> <option value="xj">Jan Mayen</option> <option value="jp">Japan</option> <option value="xq">Jarvis Island</option> <option value="je">Jersey</option> <option value="xu">Johnston Atoll</option> <option value="jo">Jordan</option> <option value="qu">Juan de Nova Island</option> <option value="kz">Kazakhstan</option> <option value="ke">Kenya</option> <option value="xm">Kingman Reef</option> <option value="ki">Kiribati</option> <option value="kp">Korea, North</option> <option value="kr">Korea, South</option> <option value="xk">Kosovo</option> <option value="kw">Kuwait</option> <option value="kg">Kyrgyzstan</option> <option value="la">Laos</option> <option value="lv">Latvia</option> <option value="lb">Lebanon</option> <option value="ls">Lesotho</option> <option value="lr">Liberia</option> <option value="ly">Libya</option> <option value="li">Liechtenstein</option> <option value="lt">Lithuania</option> <option value="lu">Luxembourg</option> <option value="mo">Macau</option> <option value="mg">Madagascar</option> <option value="mw">Malawi</option> <option value="my">Malaysia</option> <option value="mv">Maldives</option> <option value="ml">Mali</option> <option value="mt">Malta</option> <option value="mh">Marshall Islands</option> <option value="mq">Martinique</option> <option value="mr">Mauritania</option> <option value="mu">Mauritius</option> <option value="yt">Mayotte</option> <option value="mx">Mexico</option> <option value="fm">Micronesia, Federated States of</option> <option value="qm">Midway Islands</option> <option value="md">Moldova</option> <option value="mc">Monaco</option> <option value="mn">Mongolia</option> <option value="me">Montenegro</option> <option value="ms">Montserrat</option> <option value="ma">Morocco</option> <option value="mz">Mozambique</option> <option value="na">Namibia</option> <option value="nr">Nauru</option> <option value="xv">Navassa Island</option> <option value="np">Nepal</option> <option value="nl">Netherlands</option> <option value="nc">New Caledonia</option> <option value="nz">New Zealand</option> <option value="ni">Nicaragua</option> <option value="ne">Niger</option> <option value="ng">Nigeria</option> <option value="nu">Niue</option> <option value="nf">Norfolk Island</option> <option value="mk">North Macedonia</option> <option value="mp">Northern Mariana Islands</option> <option value="no">Norway</option> <option value="om">Oman</option> <option value="pk">Pakistan</option> <option value="pw">Palau</option> <option value="xl">Palmyra Atoll</option> <option value="pa">Panama</option> <option value="pg">Papua New Guinea</option> <option value="xp">Paracel Islands</option> <option value="py">Paraguay</option> <option value="pe">Peru</option> <option value="ph">Philippines</option> <option value="pn">Pitcairn Islands</option> <option value="pl">Poland</option> <option value="pt">Portugal</option> <option value="pr">Puerto Rico</option> <option value="qa">Qatar</option> <option value="ro">Romania</option> <option value="ru">Russia</option> <option value="rw">Rwanda</option> <option value="re">Réunion</option> <option value="bl">Saint Barthélemy</option> <option value="sh">Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha</option> <option value="kn">Saint Kitts and Nevis</option> <option value="lc">Saint Lucia</option> <option value="mf">Saint Martin</option> <option value="pm">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</option> <option value="vc">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</option> <option value="ws">Samoa</option> <option value="sm">San Marino</option> <option value="sa">Saudi Arabia</option> <option value="sn">Senegal</option> <option value="rs">Serbia</option> <option value="sc">Seychelles</option> <option value="sl">Sierra Leone</option> <option value="sg">Singapore</option> <option value="sx">Sint Maarten</option> <option value="sk">Slovakia</option> <option value="si">Slovenia</option> <option value="sb">Solomon Islands</option> <option value="so">Somalia</option> <option value="za">South Africa</option> <option value="gs">South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands</option> <option value="ss">South Sudan</option> <option value="es">Spain</option> <option value="xs">Spratly Islands</option> <option value="lk">Sri Lanka</option> <option value="sd">Sudan</option> <option value="sr">Suriname</option> <option value="xr">Svalbard</option> <option value="se">Sweden</option> <option value="ch">Switzerland</option> <option value="sy">Syria</option> <option value="st">São Tomé and Príncipe</option> <option value="tw">Taiwan</option> <option value="tj">Tajikistan</option> <option value="tz">Tanzania</option> <option value="th">Thailand</option> <option value="tl">Timor-Leste</option> <option value="tg">Togo</option> <option value="tk">Tokelau</option> <option value="to">Tonga</option> <option value="tt">Trinidad and Tobago</option> <option value="xt">Tromelin Island</option> <option value="tn">Tunisia</option> <option value="tr">Turkey</option> <option value="tm">Turkmenistan</option> <option value="tc">Turks and Caicos Islands</option> <option value="tv">Tuvalu</option> <option value="ug">Uganda</option> <option value="ua">Ukraine</option> <option value="ae">United Arab Emirates</option> <option value="gb">United Kingdom</option> <option value="us" selected>United States</option> <option value="uy">Uruguay</option> <option value="uz">Uzbekistan</option> <option value="vu">Vanuatu</option> <option value="va">Vatican City</option> <option value="ve">Venezuela</option> <option value="vn">Vietnam</option> <option value="vg">Virgin Islands, British</option> <option value="vi">Virgin Islands, U.S.</option> <option value="qw">Wake Island</option> <option value="wf">Wallis and Futuna</option> <option value="xw">West Bank</option> <option value="eh">Western Sahara</option> <option value="ye">Yemen</option> <option value="zm">Zambia</option> <option value="zw">Zimbabwe</option> </select></p> <label for="id_lang">Select language:</label> <p><select name="lang" required="required" aria-required="true" id="id_lang"> <option value="id">Bahasa Indonesia</option> <option value="de">Deutsch</option> <option value="en" selected>English</option> <option value="es">Español</option> <option value="fr">Français</option> <option value="pl">Polski</option> <option value="pt">Português</option> <option value="ru">Русский</option> <option value="zh-TW">正體中文</option> </select></p> <p> <label for="privacy" class="mzp-u-inline"> <input type="checkbox" id="privacy" name="privacy" required aria-required="true" data-testid="newsletter-privacy-checkbox"> I’m okay with Mozilla handling my info as explained in <a href="/en-US/privacy/websites/">this Privacy Notice</a> </label> </p> </div> </div> <p class="mzp-c-form-submit"> <button type="submit" id="newsletter-submit" class="mzp-c-button button-hollow button-light" data-cta-text="Newsletter Sign Up" data-testid="newsletter-submit-button"> Sign Up Now </button> <span class="mzp-c-fieldnote"> We will only send you Mozilla-related information. You can unsubscribe at any time. </span> </p> </fieldset> </form> <div id="newsletter-thanks" class="mzp-c-newsletter-thanks hidden" data-testid="newsletter-thanks-message"> <h3>Thanks!</h3> <p>If you haven’t previously confirmed a subscription to a Mozilla-related newsletter, you may have to do so. Please check your inbox or your spam filter for an email from us.</p> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </aside> <footer class="mzp-c-footer " id="colophon" role="contentinfo"> <div class="mzp-l-content"> <nav class="mzp-c-footer-primary"> <div class="mzp-c-footer-primary-logo"> <a href="/en-US/" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Mozilla">Mozilla</a> </div> <div class="mzp-c-footer-sections"> <section class="mzp-c-footer-section"> <h2 class="mzp-c-footer-heading" data-testid="footer-heading-company"> Company </h2> <ul class="mzp-c-footer-list" data-testid="footer-list-company"> <li><a href="/en-US/about/manifesto/" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Mozilla Manifesto">Mozilla Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.mozilla.org/category/mozilla/news/?utm_source=www.mozilla.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=company" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Press Center">Press Center</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.mozilla.org/?utm_source=www.mozilla.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=company" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Mozilla Blog">Mozilla Blog</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/careers/" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Careers">Careers</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/contact/" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Contact">Contact</a></li> <li> <a class="mzp-c-button mzp-t-dark mzp-t-secondary footer-donate" href="https://foundation.mozilla.org/?form=moco-donate-footer" data-link-text="Donate"> <span class="mzp-c-button-icon-start"> <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path fill="#fff" d="M1.2,2.2c-1.5,1.5-1.5,4.2,0,5.7L8,15c2.3-2.4,4.5-4.7,6.9-7c1.5-1.5,1.5-4.2,0-5.7c-1.5-1.5-4-1.5-5.6,0L8,3.5 L6.7,2.3C5.1,0.6,2.7,0.6,1.2,2.2"/> </svg> </span> Donate </a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="mzp-c-footer-section"> <h2 class="mzp-c-footer-heading" data-testid="footer-heading-resources"> Resources </h2> <ul class="mzp-c-footer-list" data-testid="footer-list-resources"> <li><a href="/en-US/privacy/" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Privacy Hub">Privacy Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/advertising/" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Advertise with Mozilla">Advertise with Mozilla</a></li> <li><a href="https://mozilla.design/?utm_source=www.mozilla.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=resources" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Brand Standards">Brand Standards</a></li> </ul> </section> <section class="mzp-c-footer-section"> <h2 class="mzp-c-footer-heading" data-testid="footer-heading-support"> Support </h2> <ul class="mzp-c-footer-list" data-testid="footer-list-support"> <li><a href="https://support.mozilla.org/?utm_source=www.mozilla.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=support" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Product Help">Product Help</a></li> <li><a href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/?utm_source=www.mozilla.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=support" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="File a Bug">File a Bug</a></li> <li><a href="https://pontoon.mozilla.org/?utm_source=www.mozilla.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=support" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Localise Mozilla">Localize Mozilla</a></li> </ul> </section> <section class="mzp-c-footer-section"> <h2 class="mzp-c-footer-heading" data-testid="footer-heading-developers"> Developers </h2> <ul class="mzp-c-footer-list" data-testid="footer-list-developers"> <li><a href="/en-US/firefox/developer/" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Firefox Developer Edition">Developer Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/firefox/channel/desktop/#beta" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Firefox Beta">Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/firefox/channel/android/#beta" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Firefox Beta for Android">Beta for Android</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/firefox/channel/desktop/#nightly" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Firefox Nightly">Nightly</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/firefox/channel/android/#nightly" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Firefox Nightly for Android">Nightly for Android</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/firefox/enterprise/" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Firefox for Enterprise">Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="https://firefox-source-docs.mozilla.org/devtools-user/?utm_source=www.mozilla.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=developers" rel="external" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Tools">Tools</a></li> </ul> </section> <section class="mzp-c-footer-section"> <h2 class="mzp-c-footer-heading-social">Follow @Mozilla</h2> <ul class="mzp-c-footer-links-social"> <li><a class="twitter" href="https://twitter.com/mozilla" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Twitter (@mozilla)">X (formerly Twitter)<span> (@mozilla)</span></a></li> <li><a class="instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/mozilla/" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Instagram (@mozilla)">Instagram<span> (@mozilla)</span></a></li> <li><a class="linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/mozilla-corporation/" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="LinkedIn (@mozilla)">LinkedIn<span> (@mozilla)</span></a></li> <li><a class="tiktok" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@mozilla" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="TikTok (@mozilla)">TikTok<span> (@mozilla)</span></a></li> <li><a class="spotify" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/0vT7LJMeVDxyQ2ZamHKu08?si=_uDRD6bRR_6M5YZyISGXgA" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Spotify (@mozilla)">Spotify<span> (@mozilla)</span></a></li> </ul> <h2 class="mzp-c-footer-heading-social">Follow @Firefox</h2> <ul class="mzp-c-footer-links-social"> <li><a class="twitter" href="https://twitter.com/firefox" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Twitter (@firefox)">X (formerly Twitter)<span> (@firefox)</span></a></li> <li><a class="instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/firefox/" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Instagram (@firefox)">Instagram<span> (@firefox)</span></a></li> <li><a class="youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/firefoxchannel" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="YouTube (@firefoxchannel)">YouTube<span> (@firefoxchannel)</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> </nav> <nav class="mzp-c-footer-secondary"> <div class="mzp-c-footer-language"> </div> <div class="mzp-c-footer-legal"> <ul class="mzp-c-footer-terms"> <li><a href="/en-US/privacy/websites/" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Privacy">Website Privacy Notice</a></li> <li> <a href="/en-US/privacy/websites/cookie-settings/" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Cookies">Cookies</a> </li> <li><a href="/en-US/about/legal/" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/about/governance/policies/participation/" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Community Participation Guidelines">Community Participation Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/about/this-site/" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="About this site">About this site</a></li> </ul> <p class="mzp-c-footer-license" rel="license"> Visit <a href="/en-US/" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Mozilla Corporation">Mozilla Corporation’s</a> not-for-profit parent, the <a href="https://foundation.mozilla.org/?utm_source=www.mozilla.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=footer" rel="external noopener" data-link-position="footer" data-link-text="Mozilla Foundation">Mozilla Foundation</a>.<br> Portions of this content are ©1998–2024 by individual mozilla.org contributors. Content available under a <a rel="license" href="/en-US/foundation/licensing/website-content/">Creative Commons license</a>. </p> </div> </nav> </div> </footer> </div>  <script src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/js/sentry.14bbc4d00240.js"></script>   <script src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/js/lib.7cb1e204ce21.js"></script> <script src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/js/fxa.6cacc544775b.js"></script> <script src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/js/data.438fd3539700.js"></script> <script src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/js/ui.7b302504a2da.js"></script>    <script src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/js/basic-article.0e1e7cbf3b48.js"></script> <script src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/js/newsletter.71014fae1f98.js"></script>   <script src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/js/stub-attribution.315d9501888d.js"></script>   <script src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/js/glean.f0ce2425d2c8.js"></script>   <script src="https://www.mozilla.org/media/js/consent-banner.f74bb4c07d16.js"></script>  </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Mozilla Patents — Mozilla