CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134eb9adafd406a',cH: 'VlUdU1hbJwFiJUZIjIKPD2FT99CCdJXcJtt7r.mpTs4-1739786321-1.2.1.1-EY5BUV45HxD.i3EdiJqg39PIMTXHAJdJqOYVJeKeSBwZZ4Iuj0m78ptyx69bR7vv',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/155215\/performance-improvement-of-electric-vehicle-using-k-map-constructed-rule-based-energy-management-strategy-for-batteryultracapacitor-hybrid-energy-storage-system?__cf_chl_tk=YWRwhiRsxuVTM09.n7KmE1luw.jh.zRELHz26oM2Efk-1739786321-1.0.1.1-RLJLfehmAKFxasIyULgh4FALYN7lyk.D34T2P9KxFZk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786321',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/155215\/performance-improvement-of-electric-vehicle-using-k-map-constructed-rule-based-energy-management-strategy-for-batteryultracapacitor-hybrid-energy-storage-system?__cf_chl_f_tk=YWRwhiRsxuVTM09.n7KmE1luw.jh.zRELHz26oM2Efk-1739786321-1.0.1.1-RLJLfehmAKFxasIyULgh4FALYN7lyk.D34T2P9KxFZk",md: "tNaLb0KjOCc4julAINM1ImSYTH.HPGTfN4gZDFTgpw0-1739786321-1.2.1.1-_q.aiaXLUy1Ozhflf4FVMvS00PQmogAY.gnyWjvR97izmhTMvaT2isSez7MDGkNBAhBh1v51RW8dWX8f4C8AUulz5rj6M62e75caxJktLWJUyhaZdeqpX_YFd6Mb.ZKNPxr.xZxwzIsDC1gJawhgckMhdoe4CJH7IWkmeZebk3nVeNqTQnNENXTn_xJX5l8gjspKwXnMyCCjjysmw8hVkkQVBd_WetyKTvKeg4MLbLyjDCPbGZSy9ZJr_.3mmOcFDmZ3KqdLf22eq2BdCbC3Lnlq3E1M3hPOAHJzvk2hr_A2SgyYr0LqzW0qxbpvFn9E8HcaUA1w0ULw39RwcpwZ_Ro_NYOGUmOV76PYMxEq5aTV8J2DWRNSqk9rBZJoCqoGTtxvvlxrZsDsIsOrN2QwIQ4wL6CH_3Nqa9ETaax50KvHspIEGZ5WH.fuZ1G9Ocw.caeTYm.BV9NGR2UykEFrM2U07jbiBN.Hjr4iSsXlMRXbfBS0O5GUqnF90pKqpu7p96RITg6Edn.hc7SLjxLDCJLAJN.lN9jdqUU.ENSjJfh4akJeh2YkmPQv.heHKv6yzx6FbPsNl9dq2a128VpxDblleQVp7e8tlkWeVQKAy9zM3w_Bx0VSxovLmEDzKF461l4OwxdI1FYL24gKamZdXN0WLEnpmvLoMqzLHA0qINVIv0Ls6zuITLV2lafRtpBGd.6vlkcgG5LxGzEilM6B8ut8UXpG5LQsE_MbY_k6igsbR6h5OxOak0lcmn4E1_frgcmC5rWhItfYEWtFwoCxN.uFBVOiD.bah9AHWYX0qdfmqCokVko5xQsLVXBvj.DSEx8slVdVJvqHpKNglz9t3y4MrxQETZ1YuRznICJY9qlMQmURaTYeUeEpgFm7KWR9sB1tqntROeRRXDj80OhXZHSeiRBrnLkpiemjcLU0RKwGIyNfQrrMJayvT22QIUJMrpwiG9RWSc85.wypYCEGOZbM6Xbs_prpgQZFZZ7MVosyIGTiO64hBnB_t9wBxKGpG.5S7O4dF5slFyJcZpa3ecV4TP7FPqIfgYN2VhncUM8Ta5RS6_6TP_EM04a.qYjfGMwTo2eunhEtWzMtCR2cqAv_HZXem.6a9NKV.keGlElLTGqS3tozzUELgE7Mw7zjVjKt86jWD9CAhe1Ho62qMu5MpAXEEC65YMjYA3mgiiAFgI1HJ7bZSTSiEfpkcLDuTJ3qqbshaudQlUxshXal.t.pgAPu9j03mr._Yht6tfwPBerX9kRadAlgO5v86aWOuQKKoFpJ2OifmKwePJzlUDj5nxf0C1BDgcWVxxV2dv4JL3hQczaScMrh00Xe3DwKvSN_HRxKg5ypotksadrzMUo7TeTPJlShnc7dXzYE1tduMOXxPBMPrSbI6dCk2TazpjGIsR_HSfW_DytgwTdyIcqMST9aCW7gXdwQgcfBUMAKVorrqpepgrTPSvBkYTM981rStlARmEQjfTP6gI6icMcIUmsFO7FO1nihQBbOpRJbjYPGhXdZETP2efqICpTkYZKKJYEf.1jgIT12YEBzR6zmCcLH4CKj0qF0c4jMPum4meu9cb48fo.11TiWZM.02m4kBqKme3SYPRvO2V5XRxIJGmDDGZF68AOnFJ6OunoeK3M0YUCHhaX.aPXq2tJVO0CXy_RIFiUjRUAyalaLJyqX2QiQo_9T0_P7UOatbLsr3xvCWxBBEKHsb5Vqw3WuceM47kYN.JEaRO5TQQ50KmqYVIy8yQWpwTF2rrw5CxW9TRS4mQjIGBu9Jcx7DOWGMTuupx6xhjDZpJZiPYEtO_nj2_i77lHY7NeAhiDKbxxh4ieRDrZqBkkxi5jGzdEDf2OOtvQtuTWxnWDprtGad8489BXGT8.rgVKY0Z8gRA7iHG74zUT2l0C5CFh627k_19TnJxPC03rdwRw7qn.ugHrDgtdDcERNmrrylrX8GFwrFkRUS80gnuxINQRCioUfjaHZ6eGh5YmZGzvIG1Ogy2_.XNC1mS7sIk6OGFzNM2QKhrMh8vNhgYxDlVKWTn8Rr5KJchGwgjjfiVg9xBVLHwZjgODg00SKBdbAOapD33TfhpJhxJhoQ90sI35WTeuI6lll_sAxqT6GQZGF4.4RZMEzcZSCAfye2vXCW6d0lhlTtJUfh0GjTYcf_3acHXKeXtOUTqLGSOxEbM5yufIXMG6XulDZ6x9Yu.usP9tiVnCrTmKeU7qt0mCylMmOmBWo10Wi6x4K_qcr3q4KU.HJsFHDuG5dBoqSsVNzoDEiKSEpp31g.MSaxKeVjKHgyn2CYDPZ5kcovpRUDvyTYqEHBFP2NKbEznOVsI3oNJPfYUc",mdrd: "zaWly6Prz5neSFJnA2rZOWkB4Q48nfe21inRtVO6qYo-1739786321-1.2.1.1-AxFtWGGbsakb4EGe1HWbaeosLxZ9ZmrLTlCoa0CZYETMcLksnWL_CfNNfPGnFri2aDz7u5ex3MtQTL6IN5IDbw0EJbz1vc6FcItgSwFjykaSlXvz_Si8.QwBXGShbu7AuLGCzxGE7XcNxQe.8_MEtLEZkyDPEXL7KqBdeEQGrdYRsodYODa1ubZ4Jo4OGHsOjCNMC6a0oKA1hlvbQukPm8R1LYXfXNF9.fXnfGjmTDGIlEntWrb0HbK1JIbH0bLlj0W1m7iaDe.ZRokCLO9YAt6EH7Kf9HeNdScHS8QsMoO9.AN8iaP4TpQ7sTfthXrowa0Zwu0b8lpClAAW9C9ClOBcU5qbmETgNbUI5PZmF0TU5oA0B5XrJ6Lb0FBc_Wa_oR6Y9v.JQVwPd_47rFBGE_.ccivgTr8c_mzKMh2iXixrPefLJRuMu2g8wla05WsHi0_I0XZuymqDUlh5q7XOi.EIoNqBkK59.cBB_qtFOPAS9x95scjIBlv9tFXotH4T_cA7JRBAe_9BzrLWGqzs7TaComPMMeQRKKtf1G2vimZAbAMiiIaoa5xj1jO6VsFpJs1v1WGrBceBjBPA9PmnDNtqwtiNUcnXM6a4feeMgfUa6seoO8.6Z3vl_YwdC9DyZOXPxpVGspQZzHoP7wZrQYlRim7nDCyn.eU.33CfVTT5A9hL7eMe_rkjw5yl_9ulQxtInuqVZRcpxYXxOOVSdDWvVtYeG7PIZwA1DmED3mtK.H9LgetL.XwXSWqiDh4QvbEdk5HpYZmO4D6RS4.KthqMaPoIcepmrWTsePHB6uZh59hIQeY7XSwF3MQ.PF3_PPloCrYzKCjGGB_9TcbfefsBu2y3MdAjlS3a0ah7.ztEKeqzbMcYy7uwCSO7.AVSXavYnIt7CUtgZYPS1HK6HYHIpV5Xh5PN.4wPgmkK3DYpwdc2Bk_FfK2eNa.prUC1VA7Bxwl4JdwoDD9lW_zgAkJiXMqhIbV4EOHDBkx3G1I.YGWHdeH8NlTNKbk8MqetfUCB31jYWqAxfgs.6l_2upZCPjUy41fddHpZZansP.ZaJaJgB5euU1TNATxB4YXEBY_vzIXQyufmS29YwC4y9HNOkqadqL20_eBhwtlwI96pgVHcWjhz7K68332OmD8PJt2_2IOq1vUsZPVpCxpp9V5gwmd6LlLQqVAYaKSqK9h9sdUe3yaksRxWmv_ikx3UDiFkSuaSBmBWd2zZol2Y_3R1twGsijo4D.6L5Z4whPsmr4QLnYuQSfK90OweNBWAf28jj.fN0LJhT1vkNlYCYKHBLl_6BkjZIEBscVB0ozjIrfTLoNN9xqyUKpZ4zGZDig6H5zQdKrcaHEbRaUzHnZx6mznPV67t5LB30mXOUMmMlwizYGHDb8ibRICWut3thboukhVKhMBXrTRWYjZOb7FAfyYPyN8Cq2s3mNECOEMpM_0XJI4T8dPiTQZ_e7kt57mdfV.d6apDvZKXWXgj0yag37NpNyrVQMifAwe8ZK9ri71etAXTZwYFFz8qRqrEDzgv3KByTc.nQ2ugwCvpB1FeugxoSAvyI5Aqe488Pu3CwrOF2QHhClZIcq_63m6n_IfPMBuVlHO99c2yGC.u9yIPU2wl0VdbFwnNr0SOKDmr4t_pTkFxDHDQJrMLWk1HTk88OFyb..KS6s3hg8uXQBvCUoNlxrlbr8ZChTEYbLZ7usaInWKnM6Es3epvmeExqXsJ710qhRONDdGLIRq1jGP22WEdjbyZsY0sqyF2Na.J4TSkr0Od7uZEj.DLrVis1K14pT.nAWzN0qeg4dTbEwocQa_zAa1ajfJHQU0wORGmFcHk6zrfBxkGOZQCBZtQqju9pjo8bFtBsRgPFj.4r9hc_emXCWyO2W5P2nZ9CmKFD_CCFkGplfm.JbZM3YISwM_23LAU6hpbvBiVrWUE_jh1pNV_hCE4w9jRQ8SAIkA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134eb9adafd406a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/155215\/performance-improvement-of-electric-vehicle-using-k-map-constructed-rule-based-energy-management-strategy-for-batteryultracapacitor-hybrid-energy-storage-system?__cf_chl_rt_tk=YWRwhiRsxuVTM09.n7KmE1luw.jh.zRELHz26oM2Efk-1739786321-1.0.1.1-RLJLfehmAKFxasIyULgh4FALYN7lyk.D34T2P9KxFZk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>