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src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-hi.svg" width="108" height="18" style="width: 6.75em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="इस विकि में खोजें [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>खोजें</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="विकिपीडिया में खोजें" aria-label="विकिपीडिया में खोजें" autocapitalize="sentences" title="इस विकि में खोजें [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="विशेष:खोज"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">खोजें</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="व्यक्तिगत उपकरण"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="दिखावट"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="पृष्ठ के फ़ॉन्ट का आकार, चौड़ाई और रंग बदलें" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="दिखावट" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">दिखावट</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hi.wikipedia.org&uselang=hi" class=""><span>दान करें</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&returnto=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="हमारा सुझाव है की आप खाता बनाएँ और लॉगिन करें, परन्तु यह अनिवार्य नहीं है" class=""><span>खाता बनाएँ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&returnto=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="आपको सत्रारम्भ करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जाता है; लेकिन यह अनिवार्य नहीं है [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>लॉग-इन करें</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="अन्य विकल्प" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="व्यक्तिगत उपकरण" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">व्यक्तिगत उपकरण</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hi.wikipedia.org&uselang=hi"><span>दान करें</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&returnto=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="हमारा सुझाव है की आप खाता बनाएँ और लॉगिन करें, परन्तु यह अनिवार्य नहीं है"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>खाता बनाएँ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&returnto=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="आपको सत्रारम्भ करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जाता है; लेकिन यह अनिवार्य नहीं है [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>लॉग-इन करें</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> लॉग-आउट किए गए संपादकों के लिए पृष्ठ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF" aria-label="संपादन के बारे में अधिक जानें"><span>अधिक जानें</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इस आईपी पते से संपादन की सूची [y]" accesskey="y"><span>योगदान</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="इस आईपी एड्रेससे हुए बदलावों के बारे में वार्ता [n]" accesskey="n"><span>वार्ता</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="साइट"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="सामग्री" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">सामग्री</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">साइडबार पर जाएँ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">छुपाएँ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">शुरुआत</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-व्युत्पत्ति" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#व्युत्पत्ति"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>व्युत्पत्ति</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-व्युत्पत्ति-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-खोज" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#खोज"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>खोज</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-खोज-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>खोज उप-अनुभाग को टॉगल करें</span> </button> <ul id="toc-खोज-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-लिथियम" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#लिथियम"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>लिथियम</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-लिथियम-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-सोडियम" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#सोडियम"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>सोडियम</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-सोडियम-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-पोटैशियम" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#पोटैशियम"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>पोटैशियम</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-पोटैशियम-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-रुबिडियम" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#रुबिडियम"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>रुबिडियम</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-रुबिडियम-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-सिज़ियम" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#सिज़ियम"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>सिज़ियम</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-सिज़ियम-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-फ्रांसियम" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#फ्रांसियम"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>फ्रांसियम</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-फ्रांसियम-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-सन्दर्भ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#सन्दर्भ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>सन्दर्भ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-सन्दर्भ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-इन्हें_भी_देखें" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#इन्हें_भी_देखें"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>इन्हें भी देखें</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-इन्हें_भी_देखें-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-बाहरी_कड़ियाँ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#बाहरी_कड़ियाँ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>बाहरी कड़ियाँ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-बाहरी_कड़ियाँ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="सामग्री" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="विषयसूची को टॉगल करें" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">विषयसूची को टॉगल करें</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">क्षार धातु</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="दूसरे भाषा में लेख पर जाएँ। 112 भाषाओं में उपलब्ध" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-112" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">112 भाषाएँ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetaal" title="Alkalimetaal – अफ़्रीकी" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alkalimetaal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="अफ़्रीकी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_alcal%C3%ADn" title="Metal alcalín – अरागोनी" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Metal alcalín" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="अरागोनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%82%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A" title="فلز قلوي – अरबी" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلز قلوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="अरबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcal%C3%ADn" title="Alcalín – अस्तुरियन" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alcalín" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="अस्तुरियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99l%C9%99vi_metallar" title="Qələvi metallar – अज़रबैजानी" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qələvi metallar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="अज़रबैजानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali – बालिनीस" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Logam alkali" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="बालिनीस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Шчолачныя металы – बेलारूसी" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шчолачныя металы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="बेलारूसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Лужныя мэталы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лужныя мэталы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Алкален метал – बुल्गारियाई" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алкален метал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="बुल्गारियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="एल्कली धातु – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="एल्कली धातु" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81" title="ক্ষার ধাতু – बंगाली" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্ষার ধাতু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="बंगाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%95%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%95%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="བུལ་ཅན་ལྕགས་རིགས།བུལ་ཏོག་ལྕགས་རིགས། – तिब्बती" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བུལ་ཅན་ལྕགས་རིགས།བུལ་ཏོག་ལྕགས་རིགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="तिब्बती" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalni_metali" title="Alkalni metali – बोस्नियाई" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Alkalni metali" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="बोस्नियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall_alcal%C3%AD" title="Metall alcalí – कातालान" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Metall alcalí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="कातालान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C4%95ng-g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k" title="Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalick%C3%A9_kovy" title="Alkalické kovy – चेक" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alkalické kovy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="चेक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Сĕлтĕлле металл – चूवाश" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сĕлтĕлле металл" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="चूवाश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metel_alcal%C3%AFaidd" title="Metel alcalïaidd – वेल्श" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Metel alcalïaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="वेल्श" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetal" title="Alkalimetal – डेनिश" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alkalimetal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="डेनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetalle" title="Alkalimetalle – जर्मन" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alkalimetalle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Αλκάλια – यूनानी" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλκάλια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="यूनानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="अच्छा लेख"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal – अंग्रेज़ी" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alkali metal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="अंग्रेज़ी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkala_metalo" title="Alkala metalo – एस्पेरेंतो" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alkala metalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="एस्पेरेंतो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcalino" title="Alcalino – स्पेनिश" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alcalino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="स्पेनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leelismetallid" title="Leelismetallid – एस्टोनियाई" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Leelismetallid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="एस्टोनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_alkalino" title="Metal alkalino – बास्क" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Metal alkalino" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="बास्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="فلزهای قلیایی – फ़ारसी" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلزهای قلیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="फ़ारसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetalli" title="Alkalimetalli – फ़िनिश" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alkalimetalli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="फ़िनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_alcalin" title="Métal alcalin – फ़्रेंच" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Métal alcalin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="फ़्रेंच" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaalimetal" title="Alkaalimetal – उत्तरी फ़्रीसियाई" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Alkaalimetal" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="उत्तरी फ़्रीसियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalymetaal" title="Alkalymetaal – पश्चिमी फ़्रिसियाई" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Alkalymetaal" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="पश्चिमी फ़्रिसियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miotal_alcaile" title="Miotal alcaile – आयरिश" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Miotal alcaile" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="आयरिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="鹼金屬 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="鹼金屬" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meatailt_alcalaidh" title="Meatailt alcalaidh – स्कॉटिश गाएलिक" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Meatailt alcalaidh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="स्कॉटिश गाएलिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcalino" title="Alcalino – गैलिशियन" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alcalino" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="गैलिशियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meain_alkalaih" title="Meain alkalaih – मैंक्स" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Meain alkalaih" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="मैंक्स" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1n-k%C3%AEm-su%CC%8Dk" title="Kán-kîm-su̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kán-kîm-su̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מתכת אלקלית – हिब्रू" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מתכת אלקלית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="हिब्रू" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_dhaatu" title="Alkali dhaatu – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Alkali dhaatu" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalijski_metali" title="Alkalijski metali – क्रोएशियाई" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alkalijski metali" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="क्रोएशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_alkalen" title="Metal alkalen – हैतियाई" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Metal alkalen" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="हैतियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alk%C3%A1lif%C3%A9mek" title="Alkálifémek – हंगेरियाई" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alkálifémek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="हंगेरियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ալկալիական մետաղներ – आर्मेनियाई" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալկալիական մետաղներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="आर्मेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallos_alcalin" title="Metallos alcalin – इंटरलिंगुआ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Metallos alcalin" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="इंटरलिंगुआ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali – इंडोनेशियाई" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Logam alkali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="इंडोनेशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaliatra_metalo" title="Alkaliatra metalo – इडौ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alkaliatra metalo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="इडौ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkal%C3%ADm%C3%A1lmur" title="Alkalímálmur – आइसलैंडिक" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alkalímálmur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="आइसलैंडिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalli_alcalini" title="Metalli alcalini – इतालवी" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Metalli alcalini" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="इतालवी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="アルカリ金属 – जापानी" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルカリ金属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="जापानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali – जावानीज़" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Logam alkali" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="जावानीज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ტუტე ლითონები – जॉर्जियाई" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტუტე ლითონები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="जॉर्जियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сілтілік металдар – कज़ाख़" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сілтілік металдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="कज़ाख़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC_%EA%B8%88%EC%86%8D" title="알칼리 금속 – कोरियाई" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알칼리 금속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="कोरियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetall" title="Alkalimetall – कोलोनियाई" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Alkalimetall" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="कोलोनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalla_alcalica" title="Metalla alcalica – लैटिन" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Metalla alcalica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="लैटिन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetall" title="Alkalimetall – लग्ज़मबर्गी" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Alkalimetall" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="लग्ज़मबर्गी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetaal" title="Alkalimetaal – लिंबर्गिश" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Alkalimetaal" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="लिंबर्गिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall_alcalin" title="Metall alcalin – लॉमबर्ड" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Metall alcalin" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="लॉमबर्ड" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0arminiai_metalai" title="Šarminiai metalai – लिथुआनियाई" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šarminiai metalai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="लिथुआनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%81rmu_met%C4%81li" title="Sārmu metāli – लातवियाई" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sārmu metāli" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="लातवियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Алкален метал – मकदूनियाई" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алкален метал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="मकदूनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="ക്ഷാരലോഹങ്ങൾ – मलयालम" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്ഷാരലോഹങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="मलयालम" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Шүлтийн металл – मंगोलियाई" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шүлтийн металл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="मंगोलियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82" title="अल्क धातू – मराठी" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अल्क धातू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="मराठी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali – मलय" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Logam alkali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="मलय" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF" title="အယ်လ်ကာလီ သတ္တု – बर्मीज़" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အယ်လ်ကာလီ သတ္တု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="बर्मीज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetall" title="Alkalimetall – निचला जर्मन" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Alkalimetall" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="निचला जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="एल्कालाइ धातु – नेवाड़ी" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="एल्कालाइ धातु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="नेवाड़ी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetaal" title="Alkalimetaal – डच" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alkalimetaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="डच" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetall" title="Alkalimetall – नॉर्वेजियाई नॉयनॉर्स्क" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alkalimetall" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="नॉर्वेजियाई नॉयनॉर्स्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetall" title="Alkalimetall – नॉर्वेजियाई बोकमाल" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alkalimetall" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="नॉर्वेजियाई बोकमाल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_alcalin" title="Metal alcalin – ओसीटान" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Metal alcalin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ओसीटान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibiila_alkaalii" title="Sibiila alkaalii – ओरोमो" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Sibiila alkaalii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="ओरोमो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%80%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%81" title="କ୍ଷାରୀୟ ଧାତୁ – ओड़िया" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କ୍ଷାରୀୟ ଧାତୁ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ओड़िया" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%C3%A6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%8A%C3%A6%D1%80%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Фæныкдон згъæртæ – ओस्सेटिक" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Фæныкдон згъæртæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ओस्सेटिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4" title="ਖ਼ਾਰੀ ਧਾਤ – पंजाबी" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖ਼ਾਰੀ ਧਾਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="पंजाबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litowce" title="Litowce – पोलिश" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Litowce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="पोलिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="القلي فلزات – पश्तो" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="القلي فلزات" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="पश्तो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_alcalino" title="Metal alcalino – पुर्तगाली" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Metal alcalino" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="पुर्तगाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_q%27illay" title="Alkali q'illay – क्वेचुआ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Alkali q'illay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="क्वेचुआ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_alcalin" title="Metal alcalin – रोमानियाई" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Metal alcalin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="रोमानियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Щелочные металлы – रूसी" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Щелочные металлы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="रूसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Алкалны металы – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Алкалны металы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%85_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Солох метал – याकूत" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Солох метал" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="याकूत" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal – स्कॉट्स" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alkali metal" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="स्कॉट्स" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalni_metali" title="Alkalni metali – सेर्बो-क्रोएशियाई" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alkalni metali" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="सेर्बो-क्रोएशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%84" title="ක්‍ෂාර ලෝහ – सिंहली" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ක්‍ෂාර ලෝහ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="सिंहली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alkali metal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalick%C3%BD_kov" title="Alkalický kov – स्लोवाक" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alkalický kov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="स्लोवाक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalijska_kovina" title="Alkalijska kovina – स्लोवेनियाई" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alkalijska kovina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="स्लोवेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macdin_Alkaliini_ah" title="Macdin Alkaliini ah – सोमाली" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Macdin Alkaliini ah" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="सोमाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalet_alkaline" title="Metalet alkaline – अल्बानियाई" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Metalet alkaline" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="अल्बानियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Алкални метал – सर्बियाई" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алкални метал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="सर्बियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali – सुंडानी" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Logam alkali" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="सुंडानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimetall" title="Alkalimetall – स्वीडिश" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alkalimetall" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="स्वीडिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metali_alikali" title="Metali alikali – स्वाहिली" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Metali alikali" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="स्वाहिली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கார உலோகம் – तमिल" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கார உலோகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="तमिल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="క్షార లోహము – तेलुगू" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="క్షార లోహము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="तेलुगू" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5" title="โลหะแอลคาไล – थाई" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โลหะแอลคาไล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="थाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal – तुर्की" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alkali metal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="तुर्की" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Селтеле металлар – तातार" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Селтеле металлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="तातार" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Лужні метали – यूक्रेनियाई" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лужні метали" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="यूक्रेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishqoriy_metallar" title="Ishqoriy metallar – उज़्बेक" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ishqoriy metallar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="उज़्बेक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_lo%E1%BA%A1i_ki%E1%BB%81m" title="Kim loại kiềm – वियतनामी" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kim loại kiềm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="वियतनामी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_alkali" title="Metal alkali – वारै" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Metal alkali" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="वारै" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱金属 – वू चीनी" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="碱金属" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="वू चीनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9C" title="אלקאלי מעטאל – यहूदी" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אלקאלי מעטאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="यहूदी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%B9%CC%81t%C3%A0l%C3%AC_%C3%A1lk%C3%A1l%C3%AC" title="Mẹ́tàlì álkálì – योरूबा" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mẹ́tàlì álkálì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="योरूबा" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱金属 – चीनी" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="碱金属" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="चीनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="鹼金屬 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鹼金屬" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%E2%81%BF-kim-sio%CC%8Dk" title="Kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k – मिन नान" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" 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title="रुबिडियम">रुबिडियम</a> (Rb), <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="सीज़ियम">सीज़ियम</a> (Cs) और <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="फ़्रान्सियम">फ्रांसियम</a> (Fr) के समूह को <b>क्षार धातुएँ</b> (Alkali metals) कहते हैं। यह समूह आवर्त सारणी के एस-ब्लॉक में स्थित है।<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> क्षार धातुएँ समान गुण वाली हैं। वे सभी मुलायम, चमकदार तथा मानक ताप तथा दाब पर उच्च अभिक्रियाशील होती हैं तथा कोमलता के कारण एक चाकू से आसानी से काटी जा सकती हैं।<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> चूंकि ये शीघ्र अभिक्रिया करने वाले हैं, अत: <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81" title="वायु">वायु</a> तथा इनके बीच की रासायनिक अभिक्रिया को रोकने हेतु इन्हें तेल आदि में संग्रहित रखना चाहिये।<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> यह गैर मुक्त तत्व के रूप में प्राकृतिक रूप से <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A3" title="लवण">लवण</a> में पाए जाते हैं। सभी खोजे गये क्षार धातुएँ अपनी मात्रा के क्रम में प्रकृति में पाए जाते हैं जिनमें क्रमवार सोडियम जो सबसे आम हैं, तथा इसके बाद पोटैशियम, लिथियम, रुबिडियम, सिज़ियम तथा अंतिम फ्रांसियम, फ्रांसियम अपने उच्च रेडियोधर्मिता के कारण सबसे दुर्लभ है।<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="व्युत्पत्ति"><span id=".E0.A4.B5.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AF.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.A4.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AA.E0.A4.A4.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A4.E0.A4.BF"></span>व्युत्पत्ति</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81&action=edit&section=1" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: व्युत्पत्ति"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>क्षार धातुओं के हाइड्रोक्साइड को जब पानी में भंग किया जाता है तब वे भी अत्यंत ताकतवर क्षार होते हैं।<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="खोज"><span id=".E0.A4.96.E0.A5.8B.E0.A4.9C"></span>खोज</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81&action=edit&section=2" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: खोज"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="लिथियम"><span id=".E0.A4.B2.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.A5.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.AF.E0.A4.AE"></span>लिथियम</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81&action=edit&section=3" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: लिथियम"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Lithium_paraffin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lithium_paraffin.jpg/170px-Lithium_paraffin.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lithium_paraffin.jpg/255px-Lithium_paraffin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lithium_paraffin.jpg/340px-Lithium_paraffin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>लिथियम</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Li-TableImage.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Li-TableImage.svg/220px-Li-TableImage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Li-TableImage.svg/330px-Li-TableImage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Li-TableImage.svg/440px-Li-TableImage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="202" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Petalite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Petalite.jpg/170px-Petalite.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Petalite.jpg/255px-Petalite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Petalite.jpg/340px-Petalite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2054" data-file-height="1543" /></a><figcaption><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Petalite" class="extiw" title="w:en:Petalite">पेटालाइट</a></figcaption></figure> <p>पेटालाइट (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम">Li</a><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="एल्युमिनियम">Al</a><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="सिलिकॉन">Si</a><sub>४</sub><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="ऑक्सीजन">O</a><sub>१०</sub>) की खोज १८०० में एक <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2" title="ब्राज़ील">ब्राज़ील</a> के रसायनशास्त्री जोस बोनिफेसियो दे एण्ड्राडा ने उटो, स्विडन के द्वीप की खुदाई के दौरान की थी।<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> १८१७ में जोहान अगस्त आफवेडसन नामक रसायनज्ञ जॉस जेकब बेर्जेलियस नामक रसायनज्ञ के प्रयोगशाला में पेटालाइट <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="अयस्क">अयस्क</a> का विश्लेषण कर रहे थे तभी उन्हें एक नए तत्व की उपस्थिति का पता चला।<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> यह नया यौगिक सोडियम तथा पोटैशियम के समान था तथा इसके कार्बोनेट तथा हाइड्रॉक्साइड जल में कम घुलनशील तथा अन्य क्षार धातुओं से अधिक क्षारीय थे।<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> लिथियम ग्रीक शब्द λιθoς (लिथिओस = पत्थर) से बना है। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="सोडियम"><span id=".E0.A4.B8.E0.A5.8B.E0.A4.A1.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.AF.E0.A4.AE"></span>सोडियम</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81&action=edit&section=4" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: सोडियम"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:SodiumHydroxide.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/SodiumHydroxide.jpg/170px-SodiumHydroxide.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/SodiumHydroxide.jpg/255px-SodiumHydroxide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/SodiumHydroxide.jpg/340px-SodiumHydroxide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2221" data-file-height="1764" /></a><figcaption>सोडियम हाइड्रॉक्साइड</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Na_(Sodium).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Na_%28Sodium%29.jpg/170px-Na_%28Sodium%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Na_%28Sodium%29.jpg/255px-Na_%28Sodium%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Na_%28Sodium%29.jpg/340px-Na_%28Sodium%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>सोडियम</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Na-TableImage.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Na-TableImage.svg/220px-Na-TableImage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Na-TableImage.svg/330px-Na-TableImage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Na-TableImage.svg/440px-Na-TableImage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="202" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>सोडियम यौगिक प्राचीन काल से ज्ञात है तथा नमक (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="सोडियम क्लोराइड">सोडियम क्लोराइड</a>) मानवीय गतिविधियों के लिये अत्यंत आवश्यक होता है। इसका उपयोग पुराने समय में नमक के वेफर्स जर्मन सैनिकों को उनके वेतन के साथ देने में भी करते थे। मध्यकालीन युरोप में भी सोडियम के मिश्रण को 'सोडिनम' नाम से सिरदर्द की दवा के रूप में प्रसारित किया गया था। हम्फ्री डेवी ने सन् १९०७ में इलेक्ट्रोलाइसिस पद्धति से शुद्ध सोडियम (सोडियम हाईड्रोक्साइड) को पृथक् किया।<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="पोटैशियम"><span id=".E0.A4.AA.E0.A5.8B.E0.A4.9F.E0.A5.88.E0.A4.B6.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.AF.E0.A4.AE"></span>पोटैशियम</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81&action=edit&section=5" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: पोटैशियम"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:K-TableImage.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/K-TableImage.svg/220px-K-TableImage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/K-TableImage.svg/330px-K-TableImage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/K-TableImage.svg/440px-K-TableImage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="202" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Potassium_hydroxide.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Potassium_hydroxide.jpg/170px-Potassium_hydroxide.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Potassium_hydroxide.jpg/255px-Potassium_hydroxide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Potassium_hydroxide.jpg/340px-Potassium_hydroxide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="763" /></a><figcaption>पोटैशियम हाइड्रॉक्साइड</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Potassium-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Potassium-2.jpg/170px-Potassium-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Potassium-2.jpg/255px-Potassium-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Potassium-2.jpg/340px-Potassium-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="394" /></a><figcaption>पोटैशियम</figcaption></figure> <p>पोटैशियम अथवा दहातु एक क्षार धातु है। इसका प्रतीक अक्षर 'K' है। इसके दो स्थिर समस्थानिक (द्रव्यमान संख्या ३९ और ४१) ज्ञात हैं। एक अस्थिर समस्थानिक (द्रव्यमान संख्या ४०) प्रकृति में न्यून मात्रा में पाया जाता है। इनके अतिरिक्त तीन अन्य समस्थानिक (द्रव्यमान संख्या ३८, ४२ और ४३) कृत्रिम रूप से निर्मित हुए हैं। पोटैशियम के यौगिक पुरातन काल से काम में लाए जा रहे हैं, चरकसंहिता में भस्म से क्षार बनाने की विधि का वर्णन आया है। चीनी तुर्किस्तान मे स्थित बुद्धमंदिर में एक पुरातन चिकित्सकीय ग्रंथ की १८९० ई. में प्राप्ति हुई। इस ग्रंथ में यवक्षार (पोटैशियम कार्बोनेट) का वर्णन आया है। इन सब बातों से पता चलता है कि पौटैशियम क्षारों का उपयोग पुरातन काल में भी औषधि तथा रासायनिक क्रियाओं में होता था। पोटैशियम का पृथक्करण १८०७ ई. इंग्लैंड में सर हम्फ्री डेवी ने पोटैशियम हाइड्रॉक्साइड के विद्युद्विश्लैषण द्वारा किया। पोटाश शब्द के आधार पर डेवी ने इस तत्व का नाम पोटैशियम रखा। पोटैशियम के पृथक्करण में ही सर्वप्रथम इलेक्ट्रोलाइसिस का उपयोग किया गया था।<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="रुबिडियम"><span id=".E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.AC.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.A1.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.AF.E0.A4.AE"></span>रुबिडियम</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81&action=edit&section=6" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: रुबिडियम"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Rb5.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rb5.JPG/170px-Rb5.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rb5.JPG/255px-Rb5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rb5.JPG/340px-Rb5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>रुबिडियम</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Rb-TableImage.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Rb-TableImage.svg/220px-Rb-TableImage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Rb-TableImage.svg/330px-Rb-TableImage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Rb-TableImage.svg/440px-Rb-TableImage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="203" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Lepidolite-76774.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Lepidolite-76774.jpg/170px-Lepidolite-76774.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Lepidolite-76774.jpg/255px-Lepidolite-76774.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Lepidolite-76774.jpg/340px-Lepidolite-76774.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption>लेपिडोलाइट</figcaption></figure> <p>रुबिडियम की खोज १८६० में हीडलबर्ग में रॉबर्ट बन्सेन तथा गुस्ताव किर्चाफ़ ने की थी जो पहले व्यक्ति थे जिन्होंने तत्वों की खोज के लिये स्पेक्ट्रम एनालिसिस को उपयुक्त माना। यह एक रासायनिक तत्त्व है। यह आवर्त सारणी के प्रथम मुख्य समूह का चौथा तत्व है। इसमें धातुगुण वर्तमान हैं। इसके तीन स्थिर समस्थानिक प्राप्त हैं, जिनकी द्रव्यमान संख्याएँ क्रमश: ८५, ८६, ८७ हैं। स्पेक्ट्रमदर्शी द्वारा प्रयोगों में दो नई लाल रेखाएँ मिलीं, जिनके कारण इसका नाम रूबिडियम रखा गया। लेपिडोलाइट अयस्क में रूबिडियम की मात्रा लगभग १% रहती है। इसके अतिरिक्त अभ्रक तथा कार्टेलाइड में भी यह कम मात्रा में मिलता है। पोटैशियम तथा रूबिडियम के प्लैटिनिक क्लोराइडों की विलेयता भिन्न भिन्न है, जिसके कारण इन दोनों को अलग कर सकते हैं।<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="सिज़ियम"><span id=".E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.9C.E0.A4.BC.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.AF.E0.A4.AE"></span>सिज़ियम</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81&action=edit&section=7" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: सिज़ियम"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Cesium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Cesium.jpg/170px-Cesium.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Cesium.jpg/255px-Cesium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Cesium.jpg/340px-Cesium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>सीज़ियम</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Cs-TableImage.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Cs-TableImage.svg/220px-Cs-TableImage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Cs-TableImage.svg/330px-Cs-TableImage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Cs-TableImage.svg/440px-Cs-TableImage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="203" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>सिज़ियम की खोज मिनरल वाटर में गुस्ताव किर्चोफ तथा रॉबर्ट बन्सेन ने १८६० में जर्मनी में की थी। इसकी वजह से उत्सर्जित स्पेक्ट्रम में चमकदार नीली रेखाएँ दिखी। उन्होंने लैटिन शब्द सिज़ियस से नाम बनाया जिसका अर्थ आसमानी नीला होता है। सिजियम स्पेक्ट्रोस्कोप से खोजा गया पहला तत्व है जिसकी खोज स्पेक्ट्रोस्कोप के आविष्कार के सिर्फ एक वर्ष बाद हुई।<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="फ्रांसियम"><span id=".E0.A4.AB.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.82.E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.AF.E0.A4.AE"></span>फ्रांसियम</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81&action=edit&section=8" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: फ्रांसियम"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Fr-TableImage.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Fr-TableImage.png/220px-Fr-TableImage.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Fr-TableImage.png/330px-Fr-TableImage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Fr-TableImage.png/440px-Fr-TableImage.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="270" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>इसकी खोज में लगभग चार गलतियाँ थीं<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> बाद में  क्यूरी इंस्टिट्यूट के मार्गरेट पैरी ने सन् १९३९ में एक्टीनियम-२२७ के नमूने से इसकी खोज की जिसमें इलेक्ट्रॉनवाल्ट से उर्जा क्षय दिखाई दिया, पेरी ने ८० इलेक्ट्रॉनवाल्ट के साथ क्षय कणो को देखा। उन्होंने सोंचा यह गतिविधियाँ पूर्व अज्ञात क्षय के कारण हो सकता है। कई प्रकार के गतिविधियों से उन्हें इसमें थोरियम, रेडियम, सीसा, विस्मुट, या थैलियम के होने की संभावना दिखी। उन्हें नया तत्व मिला, जिसमें क्षार धातुओं जैसे गुण थे। एक्टीनियम-२२७ के <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%AF" title="अल्फा क्षय">अल्फा क्षय</a> के कारण पेरी को विश्वास हो गया कि यह तत्व ८७ है। उन्होंने <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%AF" title="बीटा क्षय">बीटा क्षय</a> से अल्फा क्षय के अनुपात का निर्धारण किया। उनके प्रथम परीक्षण में ०.६% से कम शाखाओं में अल्फा था।<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> संश्लेषण की तुलना में यह अंतिम तत्व था जो प्रकृति में ढूंढा गया। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="सन्दर्भ"><span id=".E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.A8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A6.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AD"></span>सन्दर्भ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81&action=edit&section=9" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: सन्दर्भ"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140810130952/http://www.meta-synthesis.com/webbook/35_pt/pt_database.php?Button=1900-1949+Formulations">"पीरयोडिक टेबल डाटाबेस।"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meta-synthesis.com/webbook/35_pt/pt_database.php?Button=1900-1949+Formulations">मूल</a> से 10 अगस्त 2014 को पुरालेखित<span class="reference-accessdate">. अभिगमन तिथि 11 जुलाई 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95+%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%A4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meta-synthesis.com%2Fwebbook%2F35_pt%2Fpt_database.php%3FButton%3D1900-1949%2BFormulations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5547232">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/visualelements/PAGES/data/intro_groupi_data.html">"ग्रुप १ - क्षार धातु।"</a>. मूल से 5 अगस्त 2012 को <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120805145647/http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/visualelements/PAGES/data/intro_groupi_data.html">पुरालेखित</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. अभिगमन तिथि 11 जुलाई 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA+%E0%A5%A7+-+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A5%A4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsc.org%2Fchemsoc%2Fvisualelements%2FPAGES%2Fdata%2Fintro_groupi_data.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129052111/http://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/science/chemistry/alkali-metals">"क्षार धातु।"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/science/chemistry/alkali-metals">मूल</a> से 29 नवंबर 2014 को पुरालेखित<span class="reference-accessdate">. अभिगमन तिथि 11 जुलाई 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A5%A4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.open.edu%2Fopenlearn%2Fscience-maths-technology%2Fscience%2Fchemistry%2Falkali-metals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/periodicity/">"लिस्ट अॉफ पीरियोडिक प्रॉपर्टीस।"</a>. मूल से 3 मार्च 2016 को <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223016/http://www.webelements.com/periodicity/">पुरालेखित</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. अभिगमन तिथि 11 जुलाई 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F+%E0%A4%85%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AB+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%A4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webelements.com%2Fperiodicity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" class="extiw" title="w:en:Royal Society of Chemistry">रॉयल सोसाइटी अॉफ केमिस्ट्री</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org/min-3171.html">"पेटालाइट मिनरल इन्फॉर्मेशन।"</a>. मूल से 23 दिसंबर 2017 को <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171223062250/https://www.mindat.org/min-3171.html">पुरालेखित</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. अभिगमन तिथि 11 जुलाई 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%A4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindat.org%2Fmin-3171.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/lithium/history.html">लिथियम</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091016023617/http://www.webelements.com/lithium/history.html">Archived</a> 2009-10-16 at the <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="वेबैक मशीन">वेबैक मशीन</a>, इतिहास।</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080605152857/http://genchem.chem.wisc.edu/lab/PTL/PTL/BIOS/arfwdson.htm">"जोहान आर्फवेडसन"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genchem.chem.wisc.edu/lab/PTL/PTL/BIOS/arfwdson.htm">मूल</a> से 5 जून 2008 को पुरालेखित<span class="reference-accessdate">. अभिगमन तिथि 5 जून 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenchem.chem.wisc.edu%2Flab%2FPTL%2FPTL%2FBIOS%2Farfwdson.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110616005621/http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=li">"लिथियम Li"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Li">मूल</a> से 16 जून 2011 को पुरालेखित<span class="reference-accessdate">. अभिगमन तिथि 11 जुलाई 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE+Li&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felements.vanderkrogt.net%2Felement.php%3Fsym%3DLi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090311150044/http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/group1/compounds.html">"ग्रुप १ के यौगिक।"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/group1/compounds.html">मूल</a> से 11 मार्च 2009 को पुरालेखित<span class="reference-accessdate">. अभिगमन तिथि 11 जुलाई 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA+%E0%A5%A7+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%A4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemguide.co.uk%2Finorganic%2Fgroup1%2Fcompounds.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.in/books?id=gpwEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA57&hl=en">"द कलेक्टेड वर्क्स अॉफ सर हम्फ्री डेवी।"</a>. मूल से 14 जुलाई 2014 को <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714214358/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=gpwEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA57&hl=en">पुरालेखित</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. अभिगमन तिथि 11 जुलाई 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%A6+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8+%E0%A4%85%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AB+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%A4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.in%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgpwEAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA57%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Humphry_Davy" class="extiw" title="w:en:Humphry Davy">हम्फ्री डेवी</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Gustav_Kirchhoff" class="extiw" title="w:en:Gustav Kirchhoff">किर्चोफ़</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Robert_Bunsen" class="extiw" title="w:en:Robert Bunsen">बन्सेन</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.acs.org/cen/80th/print/cesium.html">"सिजियम"</a>. मूल से 18 जून 2015 को <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150618061523/http://pubs.acs.org/cen/80th/print/cesium.html">पुरालेखित</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. अभिगमन तिथि 11 जुलाई 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.acs.org%2Fcen%2F80th%2Fprint%2Fcesium.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100123003337/http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Fr">"फ्रांसियम"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Fr">मूल</a> से 23 जनवरी 2010 को पुरालेखित<span class="reference-accessdate">. अभिगमन तिथि 11 जुलाई 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felements.vanderkrogt.net%2Felement.php%3Fsym%3DFr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Extended_periodic_table" class="extiw" title="w:en:Extended periodic table">एक्सटेंडेड पीरियोडिक टेबल</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="इन्हें_भी_देखें"><span id=".E0.A4.87.E0.A4.A8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B9.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.82_.E0.A4.AD.E0.A5.80_.E0.A4.A6.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.96.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.82"></span>इन्हें भी देखें</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81&action=edit&section=10" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: इन्हें भी देखें"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="हैलोजन">हैलोजन</a></li></ul> <table class="collapsible uncollapsed" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="table-layout:fixed; background:#f8f8f8; border:1px solid #a9a9a9; width:100%; max-width:1800px; margin:0 auto; padding:2px; vertical-align:top; ;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="19" style="background:#d8d8d8; padding:2px 4px;"><div style="float:left; text-align:left; width:6em;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE:Template:Periodic_table" title="साँचा:Template:Periodic table"><span title="इस साँचे को देखें" style=";">द</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Template:Periodic_table&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="साँचा वार्ता:Template:Periodic table (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)"><span style="color:#002bb8;;" title="इस साँचे पर चर्चा करें">वा</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE:Template:Periodic_table&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;" title="आप इस साँचे को संपादित कर सकते हैं। कृपया उपरोक्त पूर्वदर्शन बटन सहेजने से पूर्व दबाएँ।">ब</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी">आवर्त सारणी</a> </span> </th></tr> <tr style="line-height:125%; vertical-align:top;"> <th style="text-align:left;"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_(periodic_table)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group (periodic table) (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Group</a></small> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" class="mw-redirect" title="क्षारीय पार्थिव धातु">2</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_3_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group 3 element (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">3</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_4_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group 4 element (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">4</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_5_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group 5 element (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">5</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_6_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group 6 element (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">6</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_7_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group 7 element (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">7</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_8_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group 8 element (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">8</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_9_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group 9 element (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">9</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_10_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group 10 element (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">10</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_11_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group 11 element (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">11</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_12_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group 12 element (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">12</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron_group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boron group (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">13</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbon group (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">14</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pnictogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pnictogen (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">15</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chalcogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chalcogen (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">16</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halogen (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">17</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noble_gas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noble gas (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">18</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; text-align:left; line-height:125%; vertical-align:top;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;">Alkali metals </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;">Alkaline earth metals </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;">Pnictogens </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;">Chalcogens </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;">Halogens </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;">Noble gases </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Period_(periodic_table)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Period (periodic table) (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Period</a></small><br /> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Period_1_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Period 1 element (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">1</a> </p> </th> <td><div title="हाइड्रोजन: diatomic nonmetal; primordial; gas" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#e7ff8f; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Hydrogen</div><div style="color:#ff0000;">1</div><div><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="हाइड्रोजन">H</a></div></div> </td> <td colspan="16"> </td> <td><div title="Helium: noble gas; primordial; gas" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#c0ffff; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Helium</div><div style="color:#ff0000;">2</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">He</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Period_2_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Period 2 element (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">2</a> </th> <td><div title="Lithium: alkali metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ff6666; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Lithium</div><div style="color:#000000;">3</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lithium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Li</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Beryllium: alkaline earth metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffdead; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Beryllium</div><div style="color:#000000;">4</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beryllium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beryllium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Be</a></div></div> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td><div title="Boron: metalloid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#cccc99; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Boron</div><div style="color:#000000;">5</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boron (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">B</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Carbon: polyatomic nonmetal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#a1ffc3; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Carbon</div><div style="color:#000000;">6</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbon (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">C</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Nitrogen: diatomic nonmetal; primordial; gas" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#e7ff8f; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Nitrogen</div><div style="color:#ff0000;">7</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitrogen (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">N</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Oxygen: diatomic nonmetal; primordial; gas" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#e7ff8f; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Oxygen</div><div style="color:#ff0000;">8</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxygen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxygen (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">O</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Fluorine: diatomic nonmetal; primordial; gas" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#e7ff8f; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Fluorine</div><div style="color:#ff0000;">9</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluorine (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">F</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Neon: noble gas; primordial; gas" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#c0ffff; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Neon</div><div style="color:#ff0000;">10</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neon (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Ne</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Period_3_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Period 3 element (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">3</a> </th> <td><div title="Sodium: alkali metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ff6666; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Sodium</div><div style="color:#000000;">11</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Na</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Magnesium: alkaline earth metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffdead; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Magnesium</div><div style="color:#000000;">12</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnesium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnesium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Mg</a></div></div> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td><div title="Aluminium: poor metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#cccccc; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Aluminium</div><div style="color:#000000;">13</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aluminium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aluminium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Al</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Silicon: metalloid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#cccc99; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Silicon</div><div style="color:#000000;">14</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silicon (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Si</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Phosphorus: polyatomic nonmetal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#a1ffc3; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Phosphorus</div><div style="color:#000000;">15</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phosphorus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phosphorus (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">P</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Sulfur: polyatomic nonmetal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#a1ffc3; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Sulfur</div><div style="color:#000000;">16</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulfur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfur (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">S</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Chlorine: diatomic nonmetal; primordial; gas" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#e7ff8f; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Chlorine</div><div style="color:#ff0000;">17</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlorine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlorine (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Cl</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Argon: noble gas; primordial; gas" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#c0ffff; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Argon</div><div style="color:#ff0000;">18</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argon (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Ar</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Period_4_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Period 4 element (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">4</a> </th> <td><div title="Potassium: alkali metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ff6666; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Potassium</div><div style="color:#000000;">19</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potassium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potassium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">K</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Calcium: alkaline earth metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffdead; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Calcium</div><div style="color:#000000;">20</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calcium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Ca</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Scandium: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Scandium</div><div style="color:#000000;">21</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scandium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scandium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Sc</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Titanium: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Titanium</div><div style="color:#000000;">22</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titanium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titanium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Ti</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Vanadium: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Vanadium</div><div style="color:#000000;">23</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">V</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Chromium: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Chromium</div><div style="color:#000000;">24</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Cr</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Manganese: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Manganese</div><div style="color:#000000;">25</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manganese (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Mn</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Iron: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Iron</div><div style="color:#000000;">26</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iron (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Fe</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Cobalt: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Cobalt</div><div style="color:#000000;">27</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cobalt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cobalt (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Co</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Nickel: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Nickel</div><div style="color:#000000;">28</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nickel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nickel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Ni</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Copper: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Copper</div><div style="color:#000000;">29</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copper (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Cu</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Zinc: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Zinc</div><div style="color:#000000;">30</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zinc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zinc (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Zn</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Gallium: poor metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#cccccc; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Gallium</div><div style="color:#000000;">31</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gallium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Ga</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Germanium: metalloid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#cccc99; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Germanium</div><div style="color:#000000;">32</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Ge</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Arsenic: metalloid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#cccc99; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Arsenic</div><div style="color:#000000;">33</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arsenic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arsenic (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">As</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Selenium: polyatomic nonmetal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#a1ffc3; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Selenium</div><div style="color:#000000;">34</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selenium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selenium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Se</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Bromine: diatomic nonmetal; primordial; liquid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#e7ff8f; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Bromine</div><div style="color:#008000;">35</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromine (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Br</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Krypton: noble gas; primordial; gas" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#c0ffff; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Krypton</div><div style="color:#ff0000;">36</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krypton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krypton (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Kr</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Period_5_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Period 5 element (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">5</a> </th> <td><div title="Rubidium: alkali metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ff6666; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Rubidium</div><div style="color:#000000;">37</div><div><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubidium">Rb</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Strontium: alkaline earth metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffdead; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Strontium</div><div style="color:#000000;">38</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strontium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strontium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Sr</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Yttrium: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Yttrium</div><div style="color:#000000;">39</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yttrium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yttrium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Y</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Zirconium: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Zirconium</div><div style="color:#000000;">40</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zirconium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zirconium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Zr</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Niobium: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Niobium</div><div style="color:#000000;">41</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niobium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niobium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Nb</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Molybdenum: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Molybdenum</div><div style="color:#000000;">42</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molybdenum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molybdenum (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Mo</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Technetium: transition metal; from decay; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px dashed #773300; border-bottom:2px dashed #773300; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Technetium</div><div style="color:#000000;">43</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technetium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Tc</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Ruthenium: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Ruthenium</div><div style="color:#000000;">44</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruthenium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruthenium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Ru</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Rhodium: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Rhodium</div><div style="color:#000000;">45</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhodium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Rh</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Palladium: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Palladium</div><div style="color:#000000;">46</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palladium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palladium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Pd</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Silver: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Silver</div><div style="color:#000000;">47</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silver (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Ag</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Cadmium: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Cadmium</div><div style="color:#000000;">48</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadmium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cadmium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Cd</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Indium: poor metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#cccccc; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Indium</div><div style="color:#000000;">49</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">In</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Tin: poor metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#cccccc; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Tin</div><div style="color:#000000;">50</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tin (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Sn</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Antimony: metalloid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#cccc99; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Antimony</div><div style="color:#000000;">51</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antimony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antimony (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Sb</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Tellurium: metalloid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#cccc99; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Tellurium</div><div style="color:#000000;">52</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tellurium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tellurium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Te</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Iodine: diatomic nonmetal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#e7ff8f; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Iodine</div><div style="color:#000000;">53</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iodine (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">I</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Xenon: noble gas; primordial; gas" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#c0ffff; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Xenon</div><div style="color:#ff0000;">54</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenon (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Xe</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Period_6_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Period 6 element (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">6</a> </th> <td><div title="Caesium: alkali metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ff6666; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Caesium</div><div style="color:#000000;">55</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caesium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caesium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Cs</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Barium: alkaline earth metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffdead; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Barium</div><div style="color:#000000;">56</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Ba</a></div></div> </td> <td style="vertical-align;center; text-align:center;">* </td> <td><div title="Hafnium: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Hafnium</div><div style="color:#000000;">72</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafnium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hafnium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Hf</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Tantalum: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Tantalum</div><div style="color:#000000;">73</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantalum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tantalum (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Ta</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Tungsten: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Tungsten</div><div style="color:#000000;">74</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tungsten (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">W</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Rhenium: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Rhenium</div><div style="color:#000000;">75</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhenium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhenium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Re</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Osmium: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Osmium</div><div style="color:#000000;">76</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osmium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Os</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Iridium: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Iridium</div><div style="color:#000000;">77</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iridium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iridium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Ir</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Platinum: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Platinum</div><div style="color:#000000;">78</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platinum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platinum (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Pt</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Gold: transition metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Gold</div><div style="color:#000000;">79</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gold (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Au</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Mercury: transition metal; primordial; liquid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Mercury</div><div style="color:#008000;">80</div><div><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (element)">Hg</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Thallium: poor metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#cccccc; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Thallium</div><div style="color:#000000;">81</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thallium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Tl</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Lead: poor metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#cccccc; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Lead</div><div style="color:#000000;">82</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lead&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lead (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Pb</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Bismuth: poor metal; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#cccccc; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Bismuth</div><div style="color:#000000;">83</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bismuth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bismuth (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Bi</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Polonium: poor metal; from decay; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#cccccc; border-top:2px dashed #773300; border-bottom:2px dashed #773300; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Polonium</div><div style="color:#000000;">84</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polonium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Po</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Astatine: metalloid; from decay; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#cccc99; border-top:2px dashed #773300; border-bottom:2px dashed #773300; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Astatine</div><div style="color:#000000;">85</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astatine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astatine (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">At</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Radon: noble gas; from decay; gas" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#c0ffff; border-top:2px dashed #773300; border-bottom:2px dashed #773300; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Radon</div><div style="color:#ff0000;">86</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radon (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Rn</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Period_7_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Period 7 element (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">7</a> </th> <td><div title="Francium: alkali metal; from decay; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ff6666; border-top:2px dashed #773300; border-bottom:2px dashed #773300; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Francium</div><div style="color:#000000;">87</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Fr</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Radium: alkaline earth metal; from decay; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffdead; border-top:2px dashed #773300; border-bottom:2px dashed #773300; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Radium</div><div style="color:#000000;">88</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Ra</a></div></div> </td> <td style="vertical-align;center; text-align:center;">** </td> <td><div title="Rutherfordium: transition metal; synthetic; unknown phase" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px dotted #4499ff; border-bottom:2px dotted #4499ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Rutherfordium</div><div style="color:#696969;">104</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutherfordium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutherfordium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Rf</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Dubnium: transition metal; synthetic; unknown phase" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px dotted #4499ff; border-bottom:2px dotted #4499ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Dubnium</div><div style="color:#696969;">105</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dubnium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dubnium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Db</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Seaborgium: transition metal; synthetic; unknown phase" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px dotted #4499ff; border-bottom:2px dotted #4499ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Seaborgium</div><div style="color:#696969;">106</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seaborgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seaborgium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Sg</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Bohrium: transition metal; synthetic; unknown phase" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px dotted #4499ff; border-bottom:2px dotted #4499ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Bohrium</div><div style="color:#696969;">107</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohrium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bohrium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Bh</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Hassium: transition metal; synthetic; unknown phase" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px dotted #4499ff; border-bottom:2px dotted #4499ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Hassium</div><div style="color:#696969;">108</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hassium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Hs</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Meitnerium: unknown chemical properties; synthetic; unknown phase" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#e8e8e8; border-top:2px dotted #4499ff; border-bottom:2px dotted #4499ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Meitnerium</div><div style="color:#696969;">109</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meitnerium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meitnerium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Mt</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Darmstadtium: unknown chemical properties; synthetic; unknown phase" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#e8e8e8; border-top:2px dotted #4499ff; border-bottom:2px dotted #4499ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Darmstadtium</div><div style="color:#696969;">110</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadtium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darmstadtium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Ds</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Roentgenium: unknown chemical properties; synthetic; unknown phase" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#e8e8e8; border-top:2px dotted #4499ff; border-bottom:2px dotted #4499ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Roentgenium</div><div style="color:#696969;">111</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roentgenium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roentgenium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Rg</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Copernicium: transition metal; synthetic; unknown phase" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffc0c0; border-top:2px dotted #4499ff; border-bottom:2px dotted #4499ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Copernicium</div><div style="color:#696969;">112</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copernicium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copernicium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Cn</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Ununtrium: unknown chemical properties; synthetic; unknown phase" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#e8e8e8; border-top:2px dotted #4499ff; border-bottom:2px dotted #4499ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Ununtrium</div><div style="color:#696969;">113</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ununtrium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ununtrium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Uut</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Flerovium: unknown chemical properties; synthetic; unknown phase" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#e8e8e8; border-top:2px dotted #4499ff; border-bottom:2px dotted #4499ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Flerovium</div><div style="color:#696969;">114</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flerovium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flerovium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Fl</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Ununpentium: unknown chemical properties; synthetic; unknown phase" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#e8e8e8; border-top:2px dotted #4499ff; border-bottom:2px dotted #4499ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Ununpentium</div><div style="color:#696969;">115</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ununpentium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ununpentium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Uup</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Livermorium: unknown chemical properties; synthetic; unknown phase" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#e8e8e8; border-top:2px dotted #4499ff; border-bottom:2px dotted #4499ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Livermorium</div><div style="color:#696969;">116</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livermorium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Livermorium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Lv</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Ununseptium: unknown chemical properties; synthetic; unknown phase" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#e8e8e8; border-top:2px dotted #4499ff; border-bottom:2px dotted #4499ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Ununseptium</div><div style="color:#696969;">117</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ununseptium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ununseptium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Uus</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Ununoctium: unknown chemical properties; synthetic; unknown phase" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#e8e8e8; border-top:2px dotted #4499ff; border-bottom:2px dotted #4499ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Ununoctium</div><div style="color:#696969;">118</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ununoctium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ununoctium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Uuo</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="19" style="height:0.85em;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.2em;">* <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanthanide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lanthanide (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Lanthanides</a> </td> <td><div title="Lanthanum: lanthanoid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffbfff; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Lanthanum</div><div style="color:#000000;">57</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanthanum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lanthanum (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">La</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Cerium: lanthanoid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffbfff; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Cerium</div><div style="color:#000000;">58</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cerium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Ce</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Praseodymium: lanthanoid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffbfff; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Praseodymium</div><div style="color:#000000;">59</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodymium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Pr</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Neodymium: lanthanoid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffbfff; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Neodymium</div><div style="color:#000000;">60</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neodymium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neodymium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Nd</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Promethium: lanthanoid; from decay; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffbfff; border-top:2px dashed #773300; border-bottom:2px dashed #773300; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Promethium</div><div style="color:#000000;">61</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Promethium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Promethium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Pm</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Samarium: lanthanoid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffbfff; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Samarium</div><div style="color:#000000;">62</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samarium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samarium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Sm</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Europium: lanthanoid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffbfff; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Europium</div><div style="color:#000000;">63</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Eu</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Gadolinium: lanthanoid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffbfff; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Gadolinium</div><div style="color:#000000;">64</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Gd</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Terbium: lanthanoid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffbfff; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Terbium</div><div style="color:#000000;">65</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terbium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terbium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Tb</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Dysprosium: lanthanoid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffbfff; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Dysprosium</div><div style="color:#000000;">66</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dysprosium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dysprosium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Dy</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Holmium: lanthanoid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffbfff; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Holmium</div><div style="color:#000000;">67</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holmium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holmium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Ho</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Erbium: lanthanoid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffbfff; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Erbium</div><div style="color:#000000;">68</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erbium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Er</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Thulium: lanthanoid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffbfff; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Thulium</div><div style="color:#000000;">69</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thulium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Tm</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Ytterbium: lanthanoid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffbfff; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Ytterbium</div><div style="color:#000000;">70</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ytterbium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ytterbium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Yb</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Lutetium: lanthanoid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ffbfff; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Lutetium</div><div style="color:#000000;">71</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutetium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutetium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Lu</a></div></div> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.2em;">** <a href="/w/index.php?title=Actinide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Actinide (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Actinides</a> </td> <td><div title="Actinium: actinoid; from decay; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ff99cc; border-top:2px dashed #773300; border-bottom:2px dashed #773300; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Actinium</div><div style="color:#000000;">89</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Actinium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Actinium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Ac</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Thorium: actinoid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ff99cc; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Thorium</div><div style="color:#000000;">90</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thorium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Th</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Protactinium: actinoid; from decay; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ff99cc; border-top:2px dashed #773300; border-bottom:2px dashed #773300; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Protactinium</div><div style="color:#000000;">91</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protactinium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protactinium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Pa</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Uranium: actinoid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ff99cc; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Uranium</div><div style="color:#000000;">92</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uranium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uranium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">U</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Neptunium: actinoid; from decay; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ff99cc; border-top:2px dashed #773300; border-bottom:2px dashed #773300; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Neptunium</div><div style="color:#000000;">93</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neptunium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neptunium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Np</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Plutonium: actinoid; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ff99cc; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Plutonium</div><div style="color:#000000;">94</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plutonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plutonium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Pu</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Americium: actinoid; from decay; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ff99cc; border-top:2px dashed #773300; border-bottom:2px dashed #773300; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Americium</div><div style="color:#000000;">95</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Americium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Americium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Am</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Curium: actinoid; from decay; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ff99cc; border-top:2px dashed #773300; border-bottom:2px dashed #773300; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Curium</div><div style="color:#000000;">96</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Cm</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Berkelium: actinoid; from decay; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ff99cc; border-top:2px dashed #773300; border-bottom:2px dashed #773300; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Berkelium</div><div style="color:#000000;">97</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkelium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berkelium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Bk</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Californium: actinoid; from decay; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ff99cc; border-top:2px dashed #773300; border-bottom:2px dashed #773300; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Californium</div><div style="color:#000000;">98</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Californium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Cf</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Einsteinium: actinoid; synthetic; solid" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ff99cc; border-top:2px dotted #4499ff; border-bottom:2px dotted #4499ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Einsteinium</div><div style="color:#000000;">99</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Einsteinium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Einsteinium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Es</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Fermium: actinoid; synthetic; unknown phase" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ff99cc; border-top:2px dotted #4499ff; border-bottom:2px dotted #4499ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Fermium</div><div style="color:#696969;">100</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fermium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Fm</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Mendelevium: actinoid; synthetic; unknown phase" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ff99cc; border-top:2px dotted #4499ff; border-bottom:2px dotted #4499ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Mendelevium</div><div style="color:#696969;">101</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mendelevium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mendelevium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Md</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Nobelium: actinoid; synthetic; unknown phase" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ff99cc; border-top:2px dotted #4499ff; border-bottom:2px dotted #4499ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Nobelium</div><div style="color:#696969;">102</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobelium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nobelium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">No</a></div></div> </td> <td><div title="Lawrencium: actinoid; synthetic; unknown phase" style="text-align:center; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:bottom; line-height:1.1em; padding:0 0 2px 0; background:#ff99cc; border-top:2px dotted #4499ff; border-bottom:2px dotted #4499ff; margin-bottom:2px;"><div style="height:2.2em; line-height:1.1em; font-size:85%; vertical-align:top;">Lawrencium</div><div style="color:#696969;">103</div><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrencium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrencium (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Lr</a></div></div> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="19" style="font-size:90%"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="19"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; font-size:85%; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1em; text-align:left; padding-right:0.5em;"><span class="nowrap"><b>Color of the atomic number</b> shows <a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_matter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State of matter (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">state of matter</a> (at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_conditions_for_temperature_and_pressure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard conditions for temperature and pressure (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">0 °C and 1 atm</a>)</span>: </td> <td style="width:12%; padding:0 0.5em; color:#000000; background:#e0e0e0;">black=<a href="/w/index.php?title=Solid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solid (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)"><span style="color:#000000">Solid</span></a> </td> <td style="width:12%; padding:0 0.5em; color:#008000; background:#e0e0e0;">green=<a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liquid (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)"><span style="color:#008000">Liquid</span></a> </td> <td style="width:12%; padding:0 0.5em; color:#ff0000; background:#e0e0e0;">red=<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gas (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)"><span style="color:#ff0000">Gas</span></a> </td> <td style="width:12%; padding:0 0.5em; color:#696969; background:#e0e0e0;">grey=Unknown </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <table style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1em; text-align:left; padding-right:0.5em;"><span class="nowrap"><b>Border</b> shows natural occurrence of the element</span>: </td> <td style="width:12%; border-top:2px solid #8811ff; border-bottom:2px solid #8811ff; background:#e0e0e0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primordial_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primordial element (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Primordial</a> </td> <td style="width:12%; border-top:2px dashed #773300; border-bottom:2px dashed #773300; background:#e0e0e0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trace_radioisotope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trace radioisotope (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)"><span class="nowrap">From decay</span></a> </td> <td style="width:12%; border-top:2px dotted #4499ff; border-bottom:2px dotted #4499ff; background:#e0e0e0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synthetic_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synthetic element (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Synthetic</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <table style="width:100%; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1px; background:#e0e0e0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metal (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Metal</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccc99;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metalloid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metalloid (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Metalloid</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1px; background:#e0e0e0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nonmetal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nonmetal (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Nonmetal</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:0 1px; background:#e8e8e8;">Unknown<br />chemical<br />properties </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff6666;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkali_metal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alkali metal (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Alkali metal</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffdead;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaline_earth_metal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alkaline earth metal (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Alkaline earth metal</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 1px; background:#e0e0e0;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inner_transition_metal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inner transition metal (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Inner transition metal</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffc0c0;"><a 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