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href="#Rechtenstudie_en_diplomatie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Rechtenstudie en diplomatie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rechtenstudie_en_diplomatie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Rechtenstudie en diplomatie-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rechtenstudie_en_diplomatie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Naoorlogse_politieke_carrière" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naoorlogse_politieke_carrière"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Naoorlogse politieke carrière</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naoorlogse_politieke_carrière-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ministerschap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">John Foster Dulles</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" 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Beschikbaar in 48 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="جون فوستر دالاس – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون فوستر دالاس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="جون فوستر دالاس – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون فوستر دالاس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Con_Foster_Dalles" title="Con Foster Dalles – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Con Foster Dalles" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3" title="جان فاستر دالس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جان فاستر دالس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Джон Фостэр Далес – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джон Фостэр Далес" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%94%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Джон Фостър Дълес – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джон Фостър Дълес" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8" title="জন ফস্টার ডালেস – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জন ফস্টার ডালেস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3" title="جان فاستر دالس – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان فاستر دالس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8_%D7%93%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A1" title="ג'ון פוסטר דאלס – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ון פוסטר דאלס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%96%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80_%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%BD" title="Ջոն Ֆոսթեր Դալես – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջոն Ֆոսթեր Դալես" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%80%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9" title="ジョン・フォスター・ダレス – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・フォスター・ダレス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ჯონ ფოსტერ დალესი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯონ ფოსტერ დალესი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Джон Фостер Даллес – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Джон Фостер Даллес" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜಾನ್ ಫಾಸ್ಟರ್ ಡಲೆಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಾನ್ ಫಾಸ್ಟರ್ ಡಲೆಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%ED%8F%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B0_%EB%8D%9C%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4" title="존 포스터 덜레스 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="존 포스터 덜레스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iohannes_Foster_Dulles" title="Iohannes Foster Dulles – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iohannes Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ജോൺ ഫോസ്റ്റർ ഡള്ളസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജോൺ ഫോസ്റ്റർ ഡള്ളസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Даллес, Джон Фостер – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Даллес, Джон Фостер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John Foster Dulles" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#E6E6FA; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">John Foster Dulles </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:John_Foster_Dulles_Nov_49.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="John Foster Dulles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/John_Foster_Dulles_Nov_49.jpg/266px-John_Foster_Dulles_Nov_49.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/John_Foster_Dulles_Nov_49.jpg/399px-John_Foster_Dulles_Nov_49.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/John_Foster_Dulles_Nov_49.jpg/532px-John_Foster_Dulles_Nov_49.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboren </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/25_februari" title="25 februari">25 februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C.">Washington</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Overleden </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/24_mei" title="24 mei">24 mei</a> <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C.">Washington</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Politieke partij </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Republikeinse_Partij_(Verenigde_Staten)" title="Republikeinse Partij (Verenigde Staten)">Republikein</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Partner </th> <td colspan="2">Janet Avery </td></tr> <tr> <th>Handtekening </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Staatsvertragsunterschriften_John_Foster_Dulles.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Handtekening"><img alt="Handtekening" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Staatsvertragsunterschriften_John_Foster_Dulles.jpg/128px-Staatsvertragsunterschriften_John_Foster_Dulles.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Staatsvertragsunterschriften_John_Foster_Dulles.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#E6E6FA; color:inherit;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Amerikaanse_Senaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerikaanse Senaat">senator</a> voor <a href="/wiki/New_York_(staat)" title="New York (staat)">New York</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Aangetreden </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/7_juli" title="7 juli">7 juli</a> <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Einde termijn </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/8_november" title="8 november">8 november</a> <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Voorganger </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_F._Wagner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert F. Wagner (de pagina bestaat niet)">Robert F. Wagner</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opvolger </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_H._Lehman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert H. Lehman (de pagina bestaat niet)">Herbert H. Lehman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#E6E6FA; color:inherit;" colspan="3">52ste <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_Amerikaanse_ministers_van_Buitenlandse_Zaken" title="Lijst van Amerikaanse ministers van Buitenlandse Zaken">Amerikaanse minister van Buitenlandse Zaken</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Aangetreden </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/26_januari" title="26 januari">26 januari</a> <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Einde termijn </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/22_april" title="22 april">22 april</a> <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Voorganger </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dean_Acheson" title="Dean Acheson">Dean Acheson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opvolger </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Herter" title="Christian Herter">Christian Herter</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:#E6E6FA; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Politiek" title="Portaal:Politiek">Politiek</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>John Foster Dulles</b> (<a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C.">Washington</a>, <a href="/wiki/25_februari" title="25 februari">25 februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a> – aldaar, <a href="/wiki/24_mei" title="24 mei">24 mei</a> <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a>) was een <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Amerikaans</a> staatsman en van 1953 tot 1959 de Amerikaanse <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_Amerikaanse_ministers_van_Buitenlandse_Zaken" title="Lijst van Amerikaanse ministers van Buitenlandse Zaken">minister van Buitenlandse Zaken</a> (<i>Secretary of State</i>) onder <a href="/wiki/President_van_de_Verenigde_Staten" title="President van de Verenigde Staten">president</a> <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a>. </p><p>Hij was een zoon van een <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianisme" title="Presbyterianisme">presbyteriaanse</a> dominee. Zijn grootvader, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Watson_Foster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Watson Foster (de pagina bestaat niet)">John Watson Foster</a>, was als diplomaat betrokken bij de totstandkoming van het <a href="/wiki/Verdrag_van_Shimonoseki" title="Verdrag van Shimonoseki">Verdrag van Shimonoseki</a> dat een einde maakte aan de <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Chinees-Japanse_Oorlog" title="Eerste Chinees-Japanse Oorlog">Eerste Chinees-Japanse Oorlog</a>. De christelijke beginselen van zijn vader en de diplomatieke ambities van zijn grootvader zijn van grote betekenis geweest voor zijn opvoeding en loopbaan. Dat is merkbaar in zijn bijdrage aan het <a href="/wiki/Verdrag_van_San_Francisco" title="Verdrag van San Francisco">Vredesverdrag van San Francisco</a>, het vredesverdrag met <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> dat gebaseerd is op gelijke rechten van overwinnaars en overwonnenen; hij geloofde niet in revanche. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rechtenstudie_en_diplomatie">Rechtenstudie en diplomatie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Foster_Dulles&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Rechtenstudie en diplomatie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Foster_Dulles&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Rechtenstudie en diplomatie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dulles werd geboren in Washington en bracht een groot deel van zijn jeugd door in de staat <a href="/wiki/New_York_(staat)" title="New York (staat)">New York</a>. Hij studeerde <a href="/wiki/Rechtsgeleerdheid" title="Rechtsgeleerdheid">rechten</a> aan de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit" title="Universiteit">Universiteit</a> van <a href="/wiki/Princeton-universiteit" title="Princeton-universiteit">Princeton</a> en de <a href="/wiki/George_Washington-universiteit" title="George Washington-universiteit">George Washington University</a> in de Amerikaanse hoofdstad. Hij begon zijn carrière in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(stad)" title="New York (stad)">New York</a> en specialiseerde zich in het <a href="/wiki/Internationaal_recht" title="Internationaal recht">internationaal recht</a>. Aan het begin van de <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Wereldoorlog" title="Eerste Wereldoorlog">Eerste Wereldoorlog</a> meldde hij zich aan bij het leger, maar zijn slechte gezichtsvermogen belemmerde hem in actieve dienst te treden. President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> benoemde Dulles in 1918 tot lid van de Amerikaanse delegatie die werd uitgezonden naar de vredesconferentie in <a href="/wiki/Parijs" title="Parijs">Parijs</a> waar het <a href="/wiki/Verdrag_van_Versailles_(1919)" title="Verdrag van Versailles (1919)">Verdrag van Versailles</a> zou worden ondertekend. Daar werkte hij voor zijn oom, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lansing_(minister)" title="Robert Lansing (minister)">Robert Lansing</a>, de toenmalige minister van Buitenlandse Zaken (Ook Dulles' grootvader diende in die positie). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naoorlogse_politieke_carrière"><span id="Naoorlogse_politieke_carri.C3.A8re"></span>Naoorlogse politieke carrière</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Foster_Dulles&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Naoorlogse politieke carrière" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Foster_Dulles&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Naoorlogse politieke carrière"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tegen het einde van de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog">Tweede Wereldoorlog</a> woonde Dulles de <i>San Francisco Conference</i> bij, waar de vrede met <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> werd opgesteld, en hielp hij ook mee bij de opstelling van het <a href="/wiki/Handvest_van_de_Verenigde_Naties" title="Handvest van de Verenigde Naties">Handvest van de Verenigde Naties</a>. Ook was hij enkele malen lid van de Amerikaanse delegatie naar de <a href="/wiki/Algemene_Vergadering_van_de_Verenigde_Naties" title="Algemene Vergadering van de Verenigde Naties">Algemene Vergadering</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Naties" title="Verenigde Naties">VN</a>. Ook diende Dulles korte tijd in de <a href="/wiki/Senaat_(Verenigde_Staten)" title="Senaat (Verenigde Staten)">Amerikaanse Senaat</a>, waar hij de termijn van een vertrokken senator afmaakte. </p><p>In 1950 publiceerde Dulles zijn boek <i>War or Peace</i>, waarin hij diepgaand ingaat op alle aspecten van de <a href="/wiki/Containmentpolitiek" title="Containmentpolitiek">containmentpolitiek</a> zoals de VS die voerde ten tijde van de beginfase van de <a href="/wiki/Koude_Oorlog" title="Koude Oorlog">Koude Oorlog</a>. Dulles was kritisch over het beleid van president <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>, hoewel hij het trouw uitvoerde. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ministerschap">Ministerschap</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Foster_Dulles&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ministerschap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Foster_Dulles&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ministerschap"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:President_Eisenhower_and_John_Foster_Dulles_in_1956.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/President_Eisenhower_and_John_Foster_Dulles_in_1956.jpg/250px-President_Eisenhower_and_John_Foster_Dulles_in_1956.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/President_Eisenhower_and_John_Foster_Dulles_in_1956.jpg/375px-President_Eisenhower_and_John_Foster_Dulles_in_1956.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/President_Eisenhower_and_John_Foster_Dulles_in_1956.jpg/500px-President_Eisenhower_and_John_Foster_Dulles_in_1956.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>Dulles (rechts) in overleg met president Eisenhower in het Witte Huis</figcaption></figure> <p>Na de verkiezingsoverwinning van Dwight Eisenhower in <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a> benoemde die Dulles tot zijn <i>Secretary of State</i>, oftewel minister van buitenlandse zaken. In die hoedanigheid zette hij zich in voor een versteviging van Amerika's militaire allianties met haar bondgenoten. De <a href="/wiki/Noord-Atlantische_Verdragsorganisatie" title="Noord-Atlantische Verdragsorganisatie">NAVO</a> won aan belang en Dulles was ook instrumenteel bij het opzetten van allianties in <a href="/wiki/Azi%C3%AB" title="Azië">Azië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Oceani%C3%AB" title="Oceanië">Oceanië</a> door middel van het <a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">ANZUS</a>-verdrag met <a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB_(land)" title="Australië (land)">Australië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Nieuw-Zeeland" title="Nieuw-Zeeland">Nieuw-Zeeland</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Zuidoost-Aziatische_Verdragsorganisatie" title="Zuidoost-Aziatische Verdragsorganisatie">Zuidoost-Aziatische Verdragsorganisatie</a>. Tevens was hij een voorstander van de <a href="/wiki/Rollback-politiek" title="Rollback-politiek">rollback-politiek</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en noemde hij <a href="/wiki/Neutraal_land" title="Neutraal land">neutraliteit</a> tijdens de Koude Oorlog "immoreel". </p><p>Zelf bleek Dulles eveneens immoreel en wel ten tijde van de Hongaarse Opstand in 1956. Ondanks de verwarrende en moeilijk te bevestigen berichtgeving uit Boedapest, beschikte hij over informatie omtrent de op handen zijnde Russische interventieplannen, die uiteindelijk aan tienduizenden Hongaren het leven kostte. Dulles adviseerde president Eisenhower af te zien zijn afkeuring tegen de invasie voor te leggen aan de Verenigde Naties. </p><p>In april 1959 trad Dulles af vanwege zijn verslechterende gezondheid en op 24 mei van dat jaar overleed hij aan de gevolgen van <a href="/wiki/Kanker" title="Kanker">kanker</a>. Hij werd begraven op het <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> nabij Washington. </p><p>Dulles was medeoprichter van de <i><a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a></i>. Naar hem is het belangrijkste internationale vliegveld van Washington, <a href="/wiki/Internationale_luchthaven_Washington_Dulles" title="Internationale luchthaven Washington Dulles">[Washington Dulles International Airport</a>, vernoemd. </p><p>John Foster was de vader van <a href="/wiki/Avery_Dulles" title="Avery Dulles">Avery Dulles</a>, die de <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">protestantse</a> kerk van zijn jeugd vaarwel zei, <a href="/wiki/Rooms-Katholieke_Kerk" title="Rooms-Katholieke Kerk">katholiek</a> werd en <a href="/wiki/Jezu%C3%AFeten" title="Jezuïeten">jezuïet</a> en een vermaard rooms-katholiek theoloog. Op hoge leeftijd benoemde paus <a href="/wiki/Paus_Johannes_Paulus_II" title="Paus Johannes Paulus II">Johannes Paulus II</a> hem tot <a href="/wiki/Kardinaal_(geestelijke)" title="Kardinaal (geestelijke)">kardinaal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Foster_Dulles&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Foster_Dulles&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/jfdulles.htm">John Foster Dulles op de website van het Arlington National Cemetery</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Palmer</span>, R.R.; Joel Colton en Lloyd Kramer (2007). <i>A History of the Modern World</i>, ed. 10, p. 996. Uitg.: McGraw-Hill, <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780073106922" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780073106922">ISBN 9780073106922</a></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">Biblioteca Nacional de España</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1776592">XX1776592</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119630197">cb119630197</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119630197">(data)</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03948988?l=en">DA03948988</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">Gemeinsame Normdatei</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118681168">118681168</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">International Standard Name Identifier</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000121360652">0000 0001 2136 0652</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">Library of Congress Control Number</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50030526">n50030526</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Letland" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Letland">Nationale Bibliotheek van Letland</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000057528&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000057528</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/ccaa5b0a-97c5-434d-b4a9-1463c3e9a716">ccaa5b0a-97c5-434d-b4a9-1463c3e9a716</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10580912">10580912</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheek_van_het_Japanse_parlement" title="Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement">Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00465851">00465851</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië">Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0106378&CON_LNG=ENG">xx0106378</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Isra%C3%ABl" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël">Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007260785905171">987007260785905171</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Polen" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Polen">Nationale Bibliotheek van Polen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/a0000002151659">a0000002151659</a></span></li><li><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1006" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1006">Nederlandse Thesaurus van Auteursnamen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069609012">069609012</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">LIBRIS</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/184153">184153</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w65r5k8g">w65r5k8g</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">Système universitaire de documentation</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027630374">027630374</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000522">D000522</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">Virtual International Authority File</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/62342717">62342717</a></span></li><li><b></b> <b><a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a></b> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/62342717">62342717</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Foster_Dulles#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:John Foster Dulles">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div 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