English | Bai Shouzhen

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767.9px)" srcset="https://bdcc-online.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/uploads/stories/Portraits/bai_shouzhen.jpg?w=312&h=354&fm=webp&auto=compress&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.4672&fp-y=0.3438&dm=1728686598&s=1458f812ab20d7a2b03900eab882c47e" width="312" height="354" type="image/webp"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="https://bdcc-online.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/uploads/stories/Portraits/bai_shouzhen.jpg?w=312&h=354&auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.4672&fp-y=0.3438&dm=1728686598&s=078852bb44457ff5920712a6cfeabf4b" width="312" height="354" type="image/jpeg"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="https://bdcc-online.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/uploads/stories/Portraits/bai_shouzhen.jpg?w=312&h=354&fm=webp&auto=compress&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.4672&fp-y=0.3438&dm=1728686598&s=1458f812ab20d7a2b03900eab882c47e" width="312" height="354" type="image/webp"> <source media="(min-width: 1024px)" srcset="https://bdcc-online.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/uploads/stories/Portraits/bai_shouzhen.jpg?w=312&h=354&auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.4672&fp-y=0.3438&dm=1728686598&s=078852bb44457ff5920712a6cfeabf4b" width="312" height="354" type="image/jpeg"> <source media="(min-width: 1024px)" srcset="https://bdcc-online.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/uploads/stories/Portraits/bai_shouzhen.jpg?w=312&h=354&fm=webp&auto=compress&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.4672&fp-y=0.3438&dm=1728686598&s=1458f812ab20d7a2b03900eab882c47e" width="312" height="354" type="image/webp"> <source media="(min-width: 1280px)" srcset="https://bdcc-online.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/uploads/stories/Portraits/bai_shouzhen.jpg?w=312&h=354&auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.4672&fp-y=0.3438&dm=1728686598&s=078852bb44457ff5920712a6cfeabf4b" width="312" height="354" type="image/jpeg"> <source media="(min-width: 1280px)" srcset="https://bdcc-online.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/uploads/stories/Portraits/bai_shouzhen.jpg?w=312&h=354&fm=webp&auto=compress&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.4672&fp-y=0.3438&dm=1728686598&s=1458f812ab20d7a2b03900eab882c47e" width="312" height="354" type="image/webp"> <img src="https://bdcc-online.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/uploads/stories/Portraits/bai_shouzhen.jpg?w=312&h=354&auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.4672&fp-y=0.3438&dm=1728686598&s=078852bb44457ff5920712a6cfeabf4b" alt="Bai shouzhen" class="" width="312" height="354" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </figure> <div class="p-12 m-4 mb-8 bg-white sm:p-0 sm:m-0"> <p class="text-center sm:text-left text-[23px] leading-[35px] mb-6"> 1865 — 1900 </p> <h1 class="text-grayBrand-text font-freight-serif text-[3rem] font-semibold text-center sm:text-left normal-case mb-6" style="text-shadow:none;"> 白守贞 </h1> <h2 class="text-19 mt-4 font-normal leading-[1.3] text-center sm:text-left">英国“中国内地会”宣教士，先后在山西平遥、隰州等地从事宣教、办学和戒毒十数年。不幸在1900年8月义和团之乱中，和妻子女儿一起被拳民杀害。</h2> <p class="text-lg leading-[1.4] font-freight-sans text-black/50"> <i class="text-salmonBrand-light fa fa-institution fa-fw"></i>  <a href="https://www.bdcconline.net/zh-hans/institutions/中国内地会/">中国内地会</a> , <a href="https://www.bdcconline.net/zh-hans/institutions/china-inland-mission/">中国内地会</a> </p> <p class="text-lg text-black/50 leading-[1.4] font-freight-sans pt-3"> <i class="fa fa-map-marker fa-fw text-salmonBrand-light"></i>  <a href="https://www.bdcconline.net/zh-hans/places/shanxi/">山西</a> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="max-w-screen-sm px-4 py-24 mx-auto bg-white sm:px-0"> <div class=""> <div class="prose prose-xl"> <h3>早年背景</h3> <p>白守贞（William Grahame Peat）于1865年出生于英国北部苏格兰的汉密尔顿(Hamilton, England)，自幼身体孱弱，为人安静，人都昵称他“小守贞”。虽然身体并不是很强壮，但因自幼在基督教信仰浓厚的家庭中长大，他年少时便尽心尽力爱主、事奉神。成年后的白守贞精于建造绘图之学，进入工程局做事，从事楼房殿宇的设计工作。受洗归主后，他成为圣约翰自立教会(St. John Free Church)的会友，热心参加教会各种活动；并加入汉密尔顿基督徒团契 (Hamilton Christian Union), 与其他基督徒一道兴旺福音。1887年，内地会创始人戴德生先生第六次返英传递中国宣教工场的异象和需要时，恳切求主感动、兴起100位宣教士，前往中国传道。一时间，因受感动而欣然愿往者甚众，恰至百人之数，白守贞即为其中之一。他毅然接受主的呼召，立刻放下工作，成为当时一百位宣教勇士之一，立志为拯救中国人之灵魂而献身。 </p> <p>1887年冬季12月1日，白守贞乘船离英赴华，经过一个半月的航行后，于1888年1月15日抵达上海，时年23岁。随即被送往安徽安庆语言学校学习中文，经过初级考试合格后，被派往山西平遥与资深宣教士荣晃熙(Mr. A. Orr-Ewing)一起同工。平遥宣教站是荣教士于同年4月刚刚创建的。白守贞一面继续努力学习语言，一面随着荣教士在平遥开展福音工作。至1890年1月15日他又通过了另一级考试后，正式成为内地会的宣教士。1890年5月6日，荣晃熙教士和史姑娘(Miss M. E. Scott)在上海成婚，婚后顺道返英休假述职，留下白守贞教士一人，独自主持平遥宣教站工作一年之久。 </p> <h3>平遥、隰州宣教 </h3> <p>1891年3月，白守贞与同为内地会宣教士的根秀贞姑娘(Miss Helen MacKenzie)成婚。根秀贞也是苏格兰人，于1853年出生在奥迪库希尔( Ordiquhill, England)，双亲敬虔爱主，自幼教导女儿福音真道。根秀贞还很年轻时便出外谋生，从事旅游工作，曾同一富家女友，遍游欧洲。后回故乡成为一个女传道人，常赴乡村地区向贫苦百姓传道，周济穷人、病人。1872年，当美国著名布道家慕迪(Moody)与其助手桑基(Sankey)来英国举行奋兴布道会时，根秀贞是最热心的一位义工。随后多年，她又参与许多栽培初信者的工作，并加入爱丁堡(Edinburg)的一个宣道会，专门关怀那些不幸堕落的妇女身、心、灵的需要。因她早已向往海外宣教，故当内地会招募宣教士去中国宣教时，她便欣然应召，义无反顾地离乡背井，远涉重洋，奔向那遥远、陌生，充满艰辛与挑战的国度。 </p> <p>1888年12月30日，根秀贞抵达上海，时年35岁。随即到扬州语言学校受训，经考试及格后，于1889年秋被派往江西省信江边的安仁从事宣教工作。当她在安仁这个新开的宣教站安定下来后，即写信回家说：“如果有人在一年前告诉我九个月后，我会到一个中国城镇里主管一个宣教站，我一定会答道：‘这是绝对不可能的！’然而，我相信是神奇妙的帮助，使我能在短期内学会中国的语言，也感谢神听了你们在本国和海外的代祷。故此，我在这里三个月了，经历了前所未有的经验……。”当时，沿信江流域一带，约有9至10个宣教站，安仁是信江流入鄱阳湖之前的最后一个宣教站。有21位宣教士分配在这些宣教站中，其中女宣教士占17位，根秀贞便是其中的一位。 </p> <p>白守贞和根秀贞结婚后回到平遥。不久，白守贞被派往隰州传道，师母亦随之前往。山西隰州、大宁和曲沃三地的福音站都是内地会于1885年创建的。据内地会1892年7月的记录，当时隰州宣教站只有他们夫妇二人。1892年12月8日，他们的长女马格丽塔(Margaretta)出生，带给这个小家庭极大的喜乐。1896年5月，白守贞带着妻女离开中国，返回英国述职，并回到苏格兰探亲，彼时他们已经离家8年多。年终前，即1896年11月23日，他们的次女马丽(Mary Elizabeth)出生，阖家欢庆。 </p> <p>1897年9月11日，在伦敦总会下午的祈祷会上，白守贞夫妇请求为隰州宣教站及其妇女工作祷告，因为那时的师母已是两个孩子的母亲，需要兼顾家庭与事奉，盼望不致顾此失彼。同年9月13日他们乘船离英，航行途中发生了一场事故，即当轮船于10月13日将抵新加坡时，船上突然失火，经过三四个小时的扑救，虽然损失一些货物，幸未伤人。最后于10月24日他们安抵上海。同年12月8 日，他们冒着凛冽的寒风，经天津长途跋涉回到位于3,800呎高原的隰州宣教之家，受到主内肢体的欢迎。当他们看到教会在两位华人同工杨、史两位传道(Evangelists Yang and Si)的带领下，一切工作都进行的井井有条，内心深感安慰。 </p> <p>据载，在1895-1900年间，隰州宣教工作大都由白守贞夫妇二人主持。城内有二间会堂，城外有一间福音堂，华人同工有牧师一位，男、女传道各一位；男女会友十八人。亦建有一所寄宿学校，还有二所戒烟局。1896年1月，有骆广忠教士夫妇(D. M. Robertson)暂来协助主持宣教站的工作，等候白守贞夫妇5月返国述职，再由陆义全教士夫妇(Mr. and Mrs. Albert A. Lutley)来代替。1897年冬，白守贞一家四口返回隰州继续主持宣教站的工作。至1899年1月，他们又迎来了饶姑娘（Miss Edith Isabel Dobson）和胡秀英姑娘(Miss Emma Georgiana Hurn)两位女宣教士与他们同工。这样，到1900年时，在隰州共有四位宣教士，他们管理着四间会堂，三间福音堂，一所寄宿学校和二所戒烟局。 </p> <p>白守贞夫妇与其他同工，多年来不辞辛苦地在街头、到四围乡村布道、发放福音单张，领人归主，大有果效，大大小小的教会在城市和乡村建立了起来，并培养出本地的传道人。他们不怕苦，不以福音为耻，热心传道，带领各地百姓离弃偶像，戒除鸦片和裹脚陋习，归向真神，甚至有些乡村庙宇中的偶像都被拆除了。白教士夫妇还经常出去探访各地的信徒，照顾他们的需要，坚固他们的信心，信徒中间有许多美好的见证，影响到当时的社会，从官员到平民。 </p> <h3>殉道 </h3> <p>1900年7月，义和团暴乱兴起，在隰州知州的纵容下，义和拳民进入隰州城设坛练武，焚烧教堂和教士住宅，劫掠财物，追杀洋人。白守贞夫妇带着两个幼女，偕同饶姑娘和胡秀英姑娘不得不仓惶出逃，连日躲避于荒郊野外，有时逃到山上土窑中躲藏。他们忍饥挨饿，夜间还要忍受蚊虫叮咬，最可怕的是拳匪的搜索和追捕如影随形地跟着她们，死亡的威胁无刻不在。从白守贞和师母留给母亲和亲朋好友的信件，以及他们的遗书中，我们可以看出当日隰州发生暴乱后，他们逃亡途中的险境，形势之严峻，环境之险恶，以及他们坚定不移的信心。现选录如下： </p> <p>1900年7月25日白守贞教士致母亲的信： </p> <p>“亲爱的妈妈：经过了长时间的悬念等候，不知明天事件变化如何，我们终于在（四天前）逃到山上来，住在土窑里。当天我们侥幸及时逃出，因有300名拳民开入隰州。他们抓不着我们，便把我们的住宅焚毁泄愤。……目前我们仍是危机四伏，他们会上山到各处搜查、追杀我们。我们刚接到容有光教士夫妇、宓学诚教士一家三口、金宝延姑娘和东静延姑娘及一名仆人等，全遭杀害的消息。并且在较早前，魏美例姑娘和苏梅兰姑娘在孝义首遭杀害。今天有人告诉我们，全省的洋人，只剩下大宁的姊妹们和我们这几个人而已。 </p> <p>我们在想，我们是否获得拯救——为本省的余民，让主得荣耀——抑或跟着其他在前的弟兄姊妹一同进入荣耀里？生死祸福我们无从取舍，就我们的益处来说，舍命与基督同在，实在是好得无比。但想到中国需要工人和仍然幼嫩的教会，我们若能苟存，便可继续更长时间服事我们所爱的民众。这虽然是好事，但不是由我们来决定，而是由爱我们的天父下旨意，祂所作的都是好的。当然，人人都希望、相信神会把我们从敌人手中救出来。 </p> <p>我们感到现在的土窑避难所不够安全，太过显眼，故今日会再搬入深山，那儿树木较多，有更隐秘遮蔽的地方。孩子们很辛苦，真是为难，这里蚊子多，咬得她们满脸像出天花一样。两位姊妹、两位仆人和我们一家，全挤在一个土窑中已三天了。夜里要走10哩路到一个信徒家，才取得粮食及日用品。因为省长已经杀了不少洋人，若无人知道我们在哪里，就会安全些，不然，必死无疑。 </p> <p>我们逃离县府，没有通知县长，令他非常恼怒。除非战事停止，我们才会露面，不然就继续躲藏，就算战事已毕，露面太快，仍是不智。已经有六周没有外面的消息了，我们也不知道哪些国家与清廷开火，我们4月、5月，和6月份所需用银两，仍然留在天津，因为路途全封锁了，甚至与太原府或其他城市都无法通讯。从衙门来的消息，都是中国获胜，洋人大败，正如中日甲午战争一样。当然，但愿一切爱主的人，都蒙恩惠，并愿将来中国教会，多结果子荣耀神。 </p> <p>我们信主的肢体，也与我们同受苦难，许多都是逃离家园，躲藏于山中。我们不知道在中国其他省份，情形是否一样，或是只限于山西省，受着现今邪恶的省长毓贤所管辖。悬而未决的情况是最难忍受的，但主是美好的主，特别是我们需要的时候，祂的话语能安慰人心。 </p> <p>因为预备搬迁了，我就暂且结束这简短的信吧，倘若有人发现我们的话，我便会把它埋藏地下，让本地信徒掘出来再寄给你。 </p> <p>直到主临！你最爱的儿子，威利（Willie）写于大宁北之狗头山。” </p> <p>1900年7月27日，白守贞教士致母亲及家属的遗信： </p> <p>“我亲爱的妈妈、舅父桑德曼（Sandeman）和各亲朋好友： </p> <p>“清兵已经逼近我们，我只有这片刻时间与你们说‘再会！’不久我们便与基督同在一起了，那真是好得无比！我们只是为你们遗留下来的人，和我们挚爱的中国信徒难过而已。 </p> <p>再会吧！时间最长也不过‘直等到祂来’，我们以与主同受苦难为喜乐，当祂荣耀显现时，我们便‘乐上加乐’了！你所爱的儿子、侄儿等等，白守贞写于崇山峻岭中。” </p> <p>白师母最后的遗书： </p> <p>“我所有最亲爱的：在这最后关头，我要向你们说再会了！我们的天父常与我们同在，我们去见祂，也相信在祂面前和你们再相会，那时大家便永远与主同在了。 </p> <p>我们全家都深爱你们，我将我的手表留下给一位本地人，叫他交给他见到的第一位洋人，请他转寄给我妹妹婷娜（Tina）。你所爱的女儿、姊妹和朋友，白根秀贞手书。” </p> <p>从他们的遗信、遗书中，我们可以看到他们临危不惧的勇气，面对死亡所表现出的平静与盼望，以及渴慕与主同在的心情。他们肉身虽死，生命却永存！ </p> </div>  </div> <h3 class="mt-8 border-t pt-4 font-semibold leading-[1.3] mb-4">脚注</h3> <div class="prose font-freight-sans text-grayBrand-600"> <p>李亚丁根据《回首百年殉道血——1900年义和团事件殉道宣教士的生命故事》一书有关白守贞教士和白师母的生平事迹资料整理编写。</p> </div> <h3 class="mt-8 border-t pt-4 font-semibold leading-[1.3] mb-4">资料来源</h3> <div class="prose font-freight-sans text-grayBrand-600"> <ul class="list-decimal marker:text-[#374151]"><li>黄锡培编著，《回首百年殉道血——1900年义和团事件殉道宣教士的生命故事》。美国中信出版社，2010年1月。</li><li>《殉道血》275，423，449，475-483，487-493页。</li></ul> </div> <h3 class="mt-8 border-t pt-4 font-semibold leading-[1.3] mb-4 border-double border-t-4">关于作者</h3> <div class="flex flex-row items-center gap-6"> <div> <p class="mb-3 font-freight-sans leading-[22px]"> <a href="https://www.bdcconline.net/zh-hans/contributors/li-yading/" class="text-blueBrand">李亚丁</a> </p> <div class="prose font-freight-sans text-grayBrand-600 leading-[22px]"> <p>作为世华中国研究中心的资深研究员，李亚丁博士现担任《华人基督教史人物辞典》(Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Christianity) 的执行主任和主编。</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="bg-grayBrand-100"> <div id="Storycards" class="storyCards type-system-traditional"> <h3 class="pt-12 text-center uppercase">其他人物生平</h3> <div class="bg-grayBrand-100 pb-16"> <div class="container"> <div class="grid w-full grid-cols-1 gap-8 pt-20 pb-8 mx-auto lg:gap-12 max-w-906 xl:max-w-screen-xl xs:grid-cols-2 sm:grid-cols-3 md:grid-cols-3 xl:grid-cols-4"> <div class="border border-black/[.08] bg-white flex flex-col rounded-[4px] overflow-hidden shadow-sm hover:shadow-md"> <a href="https://www.bdcconline.net/zh-hans/stories/he-qi/" class="flex flex-col"> <figure class=""> <picture class=""> <source 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