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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics_and_settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics_and_settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics and settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics_and_settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Area_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Area_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Area attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Area_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rarotonga</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7" title="راروتونغا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="راروتونغا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Раратонга – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Раратонга" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Раротонга – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Раротонга" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Ραροτόνγκα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ραροτόνγκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="راروتونگا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راروتونگا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_de_Rarotonga" title="Illa de Rarotonga – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Illa de Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EB%A1%9C%ED%86%B5%EA%B0%80%EC%84%AC" title="라로통가섬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라로통가섬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1" title="Ռարոտոնգա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռարոտոնգա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%94" title="ררוטונגה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ררוטונגה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AD%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E5%B3%B6" title="ラロトンガ島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラロトンガ島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Раротонга – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Раротонга" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Раротонга – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Раротонга" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2" title="เกาะราโรโตงา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกาะราโรโตงา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2)" title="Раротонга (острів) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Раротонга (острів)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="راروٹونگا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="راروٹونگا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rarotonga" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%BE%85%E6%B9%AF%E5%8A%A0" title="拉羅湯加 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拉羅湯加" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%97%E6%B1%A4%E5%8A%A0%E5%B2%9B" title="拉罗汤加岛 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉罗汤加岛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q471793#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rarotonga" 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Rarotonga&params=21_14_6_S_159_46_41_W_region:CK_type:isle_dim:20km"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°14′6″S</span> <span class="longitude">159°46′41″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.23500°S 159.77806°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-21.23500; -159.77806</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Island of the Cook Islands</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rarotonga_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rarotonga (disambiguation)">Rarotonga (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129712854">.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-title-embed{background-color:#efefef;font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native>div{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country{border-top:1px solid black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country2{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Rarotonga</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rarotonga_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Rarotonga_Island.jpg/300px-Rarotonga_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Rarotonga_Island.jpg/450px-Rarotonga_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Rarotonga_Island.jpg/600px-Rarotonga_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3326" data-file-height="2656" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">NASA satellite image of Rarotonga</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cook_Islands_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rarotonga is located in Cook Islands"><img alt="Rarotonga is located in Cook Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cook_Islands_location_map.svg/260px-Cook_Islands_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cook_Islands_location_map.svg/390px-Cook_Islands_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cook_Islands_location_map.svg/520px-Cook_Islands_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="868" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:90.964%;left:65.871%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rarotonga"><img alt="Rarotonga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Rarotonga</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Cook 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data-file-height="1013" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.297%;left:74.923%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rarotonga"><img alt="Rarotonga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Rarotonga</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Oceania</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific_Ocean_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rarotonga is located in Pacific Ocean"><img alt="Rarotonga is located in Pacific Ocean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pacific_Ocean_laea_location_map.svg/260px-Pacific_Ocean_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pacific_Ocean_laea_location_map.svg/390px-Pacific_Ocean_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pacific_Ocean_laea_location_map.svg/520px-Pacific_Ocean_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="645" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.528%;left:52.99%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rarotonga"><img alt="Rarotonga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Rarotonga</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Pacific Ocean</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Central-Southern Pacific Ocean</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Rarotonga&params=21_14_6_S_159_46_41_W_region:CK_type:isle_dim:20km"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°14′6″S</span> <span class="longitude">159°46′41″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.23500°S 159.77806°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-21.23500; -159.77806</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Archipelago</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major islands</th><td class="infobox-data">Motutapu, Oneroa, Koromiri, Taakoka</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">67.39 km<sup>2</sup> (26.02 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">2,139 ft (652 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Te_Manga" title="Te Manga">Te Manga</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest settlement</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Avarua" title="Avarua">Avarua</a> (pop. 4,906)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Demonym</th><td class="infobox-data">Rarotongan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">13,007<sup id="cite_ref-Census2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rarotonga</b> is the largest and most populous of the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>. The island is volcanic, with an area of 67.39 km<sup>2</sup> (26.02 sq mi), and is home to almost 75% of the country's population, with 10,898 of a total population of 15,040.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Parliament of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands' Parliament</a> buildings and <a href="/wiki/Rarotonga_International_Airport" title="Rarotonga International Airport">international airport</a> are on Rarotonga. Rarotonga is a very popular tourist destination with many resorts, hotels and motels. The chief town, <a href="/wiki/Avarua" title="Avarua">Avarua</a>, on the north coast, is the capital of the Cook Islands. </p><p>Captain <a href="/wiki/John_Dibbs" title="John Dibbs">John Dibbs</a>, master of the colonial brig <i>Endeavour</i>, is credited as the European discoverer on 25 July 1823, while transporting the missionary Reverend <a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(missionary)" title="John Williams (missionary)">John Williams</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rarotonga&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:908px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_Rarotonga.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rarotonga from the north"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Panorama_Rarotonga.jpg/900px-Panorama_Rarotonga.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Panorama_Rarotonga.jpg/1350px-Panorama_Rarotonga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Panorama_Rarotonga.jpg/1800px-Panorama_Rarotonga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8478" data-file-height="1739" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_Rarotonga.jpg" title="File:Panorama Rarotonga.jpg"> </a></div>Rarotonga from the north</div></div></div> <p>Rarotonga is a kidney-shaped <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">volcanic island</a>, 32 km (20 mi) in circumference, and 11.2 km (7.0 mi) wide on its longest (east-west) axis.<sup id="cite_ref-Kloosterman_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kloosterman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island is the summit of an extinct <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> volcano, which rises 5000 meters from the seafloor.<sup id="cite_ref-ThompsonMalpasSmith2010_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThompsonMalpasSmith2010-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island was formed between 2.3 to 1.6 million years ago, with a later stage of volcanism between 1.4 and 1.1 million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-ThompsonMalpasSmith2010_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThompsonMalpasSmith2010-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While its position is consistent with being formed by the <a href="/wiki/Macdonald_hotspot" title="Macdonald hotspot">Macdonald hotspot</a>, its age is too young, and its formation is attributed to a short-lived <a href="/wiki/Rarotonga_hotspot" title="Rarotonga hotspot">Rarotonga hotspot</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or to rejuvenated volcanism at <a href="/wiki/Aitutaki" title="Aitutaki">Aitutaki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The core of the island consists of densely forested hills cut by deep valleys, the eroded remnants of the original volcanic cone.<sup id="cite_ref-Wood1967_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wood1967-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hills are drained by a number of radial streams, including the <a href="/wiki/Avatiu_Stream" title="Avatiu Stream">Avatiu Stream</a> and Takuvaine Stream.<sup id="cite_ref-Wood1967_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wood1967-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Te_Manga" title="Te Manga">Te Manga</a>, at 658 m (2,140 ft) above sea level, is the highest peak on the island. <a href="/wiki/Ikurangi" title="Ikurangi">Ikurangi</a>, a smaller peak, overlooks the capital. </p><p>The hills are surrounded by a low coastal plain consisting of beaches, a storm ridge, lowland swamps, and alluvial deposits.<sup id="cite_ref-Richmond1990_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richmond1990-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 9">: 9 </span></sup> This in turn is surrounded by a <a href="/wiki/Fringing_reef" title="Fringing reef">fringing reef</a>, which ranges from 30 to 900 metres wide.<sup id="cite_ref-Richmond1990_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richmond1990-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 30">: 30 </span></sup> The reef is shallow, with a maximum depth of 1.5m,<sup id="cite_ref-Richmond1990_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richmond1990-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 31">: 31 </span></sup> and has a number of passages, notably at <a href="/wiki/Avarua" title="Avarua">Avarua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avatiu" title="Avatiu">Avatiu</a> and Ngatangiia. Beyond the reef crest, the outer reef slopes steeply to deep water.<sup id="cite_ref-Richmond1990_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richmond1990-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 31">: 31 </span></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">lagoon</a> is at its widest off the southeast coast in the area of the <a href="/wiki/Muri_Lagoon" title="Muri Lagoon">Muri Lagoon</a>. This area contains four small islets or <i>motu</i>. From north to south, the islets are:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motutapu_(Cook_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motutapu (Cook Islands (page does not exist)">Motutapu</a>, 10.5 hectares (0.041 sq mi)</li> <li>Oneroa, 8.1 hectares (0.031 sq mi)</li> <li>Koromiri, 2.9 hectares (0.011 sq mi)</li> <li>Taakoka, 1.3 hectares (0.0050 sq mi)</li></ol> <p>Another small islet, Motutoa, lies on the reef flat on the northwest coast.<sup id="cite_ref-Richmond1990_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richmond1990-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 33">: 33 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Natural_environment">Natural environment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rarotonga&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Natural environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The interior of the island is dominated by eroded volcanic peaks cloaked in dense vegetation. Paved and unpaved roads allow access to valleys but the interior of the island remains largely unpopulated due to forbidding terrain and lack of infrastructure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Takitumu_Conservation_Area">Takitumu Conservation Area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rarotonga&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Takitumu Conservation Area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A tract of 155 ha of land has been set aside in the south-east as the Takitumu Conservation Area to protect <a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="List of birds of the Cook Islands">native birds</a> and plants, especially the <a href="/wiki/Vulnerable_species" title="Vulnerable species">Vulnerable</a> <a href="/wiki/Rarotonga_monarch" title="Rarotonga monarch">kakerori</a> or Rarotonga monarch. Other <a href="/wiki/Threatened_species" title="Threatened species">threatened</a> birds in the conservation area include the <a href="/wiki/Rarotonga_fruit_dove" class="mw-redirect" title="Rarotonga fruit dove">Rarotonga fruit dove</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rarotonga_starling" title="Rarotonga starling">Rarotonga starling</a>. The site has been recognised as an <a href="/wiki/Important_Bird_Area" title="Important Bird Area">Important Bird Area</a> (IBA) by <a href="/wiki/BirdLife_International" title="BirdLife International">BirdLife International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bli_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bli-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rarotonga&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="History of the Cook Islands">History of the Cook Islands</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rarotonga" title="Kingdom of Rarotonga">Kingdom of Rarotonga</a></div><p> The earliest evidence of human presence in the Southern Cook Islands has been dated to around AD 1000. Oral tradition tells that Rarotonga was settled by various groups, including Ata-i-te-kura, Apopo-te-akatinatina and Apopo-te-ivi-roa in the ninth century, and Tangi'ia Nui from Tahiti and Karika from Samoa in 1250.<sup id="cite_ref-Kloosterman_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kloosterman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An early <i>ariki</i>, Toi, is said to have built <i>Te Ara Nui o Toi</i> or <i>Ara Metua</i>, a paved road that encircles the island, though the sites adjacent to it are dated to 1530.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trading contact was maintained with the Austral Islands, Samoa and the Marquesas to import basalt that was used for making local adze heads,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while a pottery fragment found on Ma'uke has been traced to <a href="/wiki/Tongatapu" title="Tongatapu">Tongatapu</a> to the west, the main island of Tonga.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ultimate origin of almost all the islanders’ settlement cargo can be traced back to Southeast Asia: not just their chickens, Pacific rats, Polynesian pigs, Pacific dogs and crops, but also several kinds of lizards and snails. Among the species that are understood to have reached Rarotonga by this means are at least two species of geckos and three of skinks. Likewise, the ultimate origin of almost 30 of their crops lies in the west.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="Popular science, non-expert author (June 2019)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CookIslands-Rarotonga-TeManga-mgl20030609-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/CookIslands-Rarotonga-TeManga-mgl20030609-01.jpg/220px-CookIslands-Rarotonga-TeManga-mgl20030609-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/CookIslands-Rarotonga-TeManga-mgl20030609-01.jpg/330px-CookIslands-Rarotonga-TeManga-mgl20030609-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/CookIslands-Rarotonga-TeManga-mgl20030609-01.jpg/440px-CookIslands-Rarotonga-TeManga-mgl20030609-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Te_Manga" title="Te Manga">Te Manga</a> is the highest mountain on Rarotonga and <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>According to New Zealand <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> tradition, <a href="/wiki/Kupe" title="Kupe">Kupe</a>, the discoverer of <a href="/wiki/Aotearoa" title="Aotearoa">Aotearoa</a>, visited Rarotonga, and the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_migration_canoes" title="Māori migration canoes">Māori migration canoes</a> <i><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81kitimu" title="Tākitimu">Tākitimu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arawa_(canoe)" title="Arawa (canoe)">Te Arawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tainui_(canoe)" title="Tainui (canoe)">Tainui</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81taatua" title="Mātaatua">Mātaatua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokomaru_(canoe)" title="Tokomaru (canoe)">Tokomaru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aotea_(canoe)" title="Aotea (canoe)">Aotea</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Kurahaup%C5%8D" title="Kurahaupō">Kurahaupō</a></i> passed through on their way to Aotearoa.<sup id="cite_ref-Kloosterman_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kloosterman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><a href="/wiki/Fletcher_Christian" title="Fletcher Christian">Fletcher Christian</a> visited the island in 1789 on <a href="/wiki/HMS_Bounty" title="HMS Bounty">HMS <i>Bounty</i></a> but did not land.<sup id="cite_ref-Kloosterman_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kloosterman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Captain Theodore Walker sighted the island in 1813 on the ship <i>Endeavour</i>. The first recorded landing by a European was Captain Philip Goodenough with <a href="/wiki/William_Wentworth" title="William Wentworth">William Wentworth</a> in 1814 on the schooner <i>Cumberland</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 25 July 1823, while transporting the missionary Reverend <a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(missionary)" title="John Williams (missionary)">John Williams</a>, the <i>Endeavour</i> returned to Rarotonga. <a href="/wiki/Papeiha" title="Papeiha">Papeiha</a>, a <a href="/wiki/London_Missionary_Society" title="London Missionary Society">London Missionary Society</a> evangelist from <a href="/wiki/Bora_Bora" title="Bora Bora">Bora Bora</a>, went ashore to teach his religion.<sup id="cite_ref-Kloosterman_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kloosterman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further missionaries followed, and by 1830 the island had converted to Christianity.</p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22RARATONGA_National_Flag%22_(Rarotonga)_in_1899_according_to_the_United_States_Navy,_from_book-_Flags_of_Maritime_Nations_(1899)_(page_117_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/%22RARATONGA_National_Flag%22_%28Rarotonga%29_in_1899_according_to_the_United_States_Navy%2C_from_book-_Flags_of_Maritime_Nations_%281899%29_%28page_117_crop%29.jpg/190px-%22RARATONGA_National_Flag%22_%28Rarotonga%29_in_1899_according_to_the_United_States_Navy%2C_from_book-_Flags_of_Maritime_Nations_%281899%29_%28page_117_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/%22RARATONGA_National_Flag%22_%28Rarotonga%29_in_1899_according_to_the_United_States_Navy%2C_from_book-_Flags_of_Maritime_Nations_%281899%29_%28page_117_crop%29.jpg/285px-%22RARATONGA_National_Flag%22_%28Rarotonga%29_in_1899_according_to_the_United_States_Navy%2C_from_book-_Flags_of_Maritime_Nations_%281899%29_%28page_117_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/%22RARATONGA_National_Flag%22_%28Rarotonga%29_in_1899_according_to_the_United_States_Navy%2C_from_book-_Flags_of_Maritime_Nations_%281899%29_%28page_117_crop%29.jpg/380px-%22RARATONGA_National_Flag%22_%28Rarotonga%29_in_1899_according_to_the_United_States_Navy%2C_from_book-_Flags_of_Maritime_Nations_%281899%29_%28page_117_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1143" data-file-height="1051" /></a><figcaption>"RARATONGA [<a href="/wiki/Typographical_error" title="Typographical error">sic</a>] National Flag" (Rarotonga) in 1899 publication by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> book, <i><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flags_of_Maritime_Nations_(1899).djvu" class="extiw" title="c:File:Flags of Maritime Nations (1899).djvu">Flags of Maritime Nations</a></i></figcaption></figure><p>From 1830 to 1850, Rarotonga was a popular stop for whalers and trading schooners,<sup id="cite_ref-Kloosterman_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kloosterman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and trade began with the outside world. The missionaries attempted to exclude other Europeans as a bad influence, and in 1845 Rarotongan <i>ariki</i> prohibited the sale of land to Europeans, though they were allowed to rent land on an annual basis.<sup id="cite_ref-Gilson_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilson-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite a further ban on foreign settlement in 1848, European traders began to settle. In 1865, driven by rumours that France planned to annex the islands, the <i>ariki</i> of Rarotonga unsuccessfully petitioned Governor <a href="/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey">George Grey</a> of New Zealand for British protection.<sup id="cite_ref-Gilson_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilson-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1883 the Royal navy <i>de facto</i> recognised the <i>ariki</i> of Rarotonga as an independent government.<sup id="cite_ref-Gilson50_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilson50-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this time <a href="/wiki/Makea_Takau_Ariki" title="Makea Takau Ariki">Makea Takau Ariki</a> had become paramount among the <i>ariki</i>, and was recognised as the "Queen of Rarotonga" on a visit to New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-Gilson50_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilson50-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1888 the island became a British protectorate after a petition from the <i>ariki</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1901, it was annexed by New Zealand.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avarua,_february_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Avarua%2C_february_2006.jpg/220px-Avarua%2C_february_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Avarua%2C_february_2006.jpg/330px-Avarua%2C_february_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Avarua%2C_february_2006.jpg/440px-Avarua%2C_february_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Avarua" title="Avarua">Avarua</a> is the most populous centre on Rarotonga</figcaption></figure><p>Oranges had been introduced by the <i>Bounty</i> mutineers, and after annexation developed into a major export crop, though exports had been disrupted by poor shipping.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnston1951_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnston1951-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1945 the industry was revived with a government-led citrus replanting scheme,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1961 a canning factory was opened to allow the export of juice.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CIB1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIB1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The industry survived until the 1980s,<sup id="cite_ref-CIB1_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIB1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but collapsed after New Zealand adopted <a href="/wiki/Rogernomics" title="Rogernomics">Rogernomics</a> and removed privileged market access.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An airstrip was built in 1944, leading to regular flights to <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aitutaki" title="Aitutaki">Aitutaki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kloosterman_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kloosterman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The airport and better shipping links saw the beginnings of large-scale migration to New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-Curson1972_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curson1972-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emigration increased further in the early 1970's when the airport was upgraded,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this was balanced by immigration from elsewhere in the Cook Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-Curson1972_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curson1972-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 48–49">: 48–49 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Flooding in April and May 1967 damaged bridges on the island and caused widespread crop losses, raising risks of a food shortage.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An unnamed tropical cyclone in December of that year left hundreds homeless and caused widespread devastation after demolishing homes and offices in Avarua.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1976 80% of the island's banana crop was destroyed by <a href="/wiki/1976%E2%80%9377_South_Pacific_cyclone_season" title="1976–77 South Pacific cyclone season">tropical cyclone Kim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1987 Tropical Cyclone Sally made a thousand people homeless and damaged 80% of the buildings in Avarua.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics_and_settlements">Demographics and settlements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rarotonga&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Demographics and settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1906 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,441</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1916 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,064</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+25.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,936</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+28.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,054</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+28.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1945 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">5,573</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+10.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,048</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,676</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+43.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1966 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,971</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,478</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1976 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">9,802</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−14.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,530</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1986 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,826</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1996 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,225</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,188</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2006 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">13,890</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+14.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13,095</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−5.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2016 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13,007</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.7%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source:<sup id="cite_ref-Census2016_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rarotonga_english_version.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Rarotonga_english_version.png/220px-Rarotonga_english_version.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Rarotonga_english_version.png/330px-Rarotonga_english_version.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Rarotonga_english_version.png/440px-Rarotonga_english_version.png 2x" data-file-width="1179" data-file-height="1017" /></a><figcaption>Tribal districts (<i>vaka</i>) of Rarotonga</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rarotaperedistrict.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Rarotaperedistrict.png/220px-Rarotaperedistrict.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Rarotaperedistrict.png/330px-Rarotaperedistrict.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Rarotaperedistrict.png/440px-Rarotaperedistrict.png 2x" data-file-width="1212" data-file-height="893" /></a><figcaption>Land districts and <a href="/wiki/Tapere" title="Tapere">tapere</a> of Rarotonga</figcaption></figure> <p>The population of Rarotonga was 13007 in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-Census2016_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The island is traditionally divided into three tribal districts or <i>vaka</i>. Te Au O Tonga on the northern side of the island (<a href="/wiki/Avarua" title="Avarua">Avarua</a> is the capital), <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81kitimu" title="Tākitimu">Takitumu</a> on the eastern and southern side and Puaikura on the western side. For administrative purposes it is divided into five Land Districts. The Land District of <a href="/wiki/Avarua" title="Avarua">Avarua</a> is represented under vaka Te Au O Tonga, the Land Districts of <a href="/wiki/Matavera" title="Matavera">Matavera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ngatangiia" title="Ngatangiia">Ngatangiia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Titikaveka" title="Titikaveka">Titikaveka</a> are represented under vaka Takitumu and the Land District <a href="/wiki/Arorangi" title="Arorangi">Arorangi</a> is represented under vaka Puaikura. The districts are subdivided into 54 <a href="/wiki/Tapere" title="Tapere">tapere</a> (traditional sub-districts). </p><p>In 2008, the three vaka councils of Rarotonga were abolished.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Area_attractions">Area attractions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rarotonga&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Area attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Palm-studded white sandy <a href="/wiki/Beach" title="Beach">beaches</a> fringe most of the island, and there is a popular cross-island walk that connects Avatiu valley with the south side of the island. It passes the Te Rua Manga, the prominent needle-shaped rock visible from the air and some coastal areas. Hikes can also be taken to the Raemaru, or flat-top mountain. Other attractions include Wigmore Falls (Papua Falls) and the ancient <a href="/wiki/Marae" title="Marae">marae</a>, Arai te Tonga. </p><p>Popular island activities include <a href="/wiki/Snorkeling" title="Snorkeling">snorkeling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">scuba diving</a>, bike riding, kite surfing, hiking, deep-sea fishing, boat tours, scenic flights, going to restaurants, dancing, seeing island shows, <a href="/wiki/Squash_(sport)" title="Squash (sport)">squash</a>, tennis, zipping around on mopeds, and sleeping on the beach. There are many churches open for service on Sunday, with <a href="/wiki/A_cappella" title="A cappella">a cappella</a> singing. People congregate at the sea wall that skirts the end of the airport's runway to be "jetblasted" by aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rarotonga&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rarodistrict.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Rarodistrict.jpg/190px-Rarodistrict.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Rarodistrict.jpg/285px-Rarodistrict.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Rarodistrict.jpg/380px-Rarodistrict.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Map of Rarotonga's districts</figcaption></figure> <p>Rarotonga has three harbours, <a href="/wiki/Avatiu" title="Avatiu">Avatiu</a>, Avarua and Avana, of which only Avatiu harbour is of <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commercial</a> significance. The Port of Avatiu serves a small fleet of inter-island and fishing vessels, with cargo ships regularly visiting from <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> via other Pacific Islands ports. Large cruise ships regularly visit Rarotonga but the port is too small for cruise ships to enter and they are required to anchor off shore outside the harbour. The island is encircled by a main road, Ara Tapu, that traces the coast. Three-quarters of Rarotonga is also encircled by the ancient inner road, Ara Metua. Approximately 29 km long, this road was constructed in 11th century and for most or all of its whole length was paved with large stone slabs. Along this road are several important marae, including Arai Te Tonga, the most sacred shrine in Rarotonga. Due to the mountainous interior, there is no road crossing the island. Rarotonga has only two bus routes: clockwise and anticlockwise.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The clockwise bus runs from morning operating an hourly schedule until a last service at 11pm. The anti-clockwise route leaves Avarua on the half-hour, with the last service at 4.30 pm. Although there are bus stops, the buses pick up and set down anywhere en route. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rarotonga_International_Airport" title="Rarotonga International Airport">Rarotonga International Airport</a> is the international airport of the Cook Islands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rarotonga&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Rarotonga" title="Special:EditPage/Rarotonga">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>The travel writer <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dean_Frisbie" title="Robert Dean Frisbie">Robert Dean Frisbie</a> died on the island, after having lived there only briefly.</li> <li>The 1995 album <i><a href="/wiki/Finn_(album)" title="Finn (album)">Finn</a></i> by the <a href="/wiki/Finn_Brothers" title="Finn Brothers">Finn Brothers</a> ends with the song "Kiss the Road of Rarotonga", which was inspired by a motorcycle accident that <a href="/wiki/Tim_Finn" title="Tim Finn">Tim Finn</a> had during a visit there.</li> <li>The U.S. television series <i><a href="/wiki/Survivor:_Cook_Islands" title="Survivor: Cook Islands">Survivor: Cook Islands</a></i> was filmed on Aitutaki, one of the islands in the southern group. One of the tribes was called Rarotonga (or Raro for short).</li> <li>A number of feature-length films are linked to Rarotonga: <i><a href="/wiki/Merry_Christmas,_Mr._Lawrence" title="Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence">Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence</a></i>, depicting a Japanese POW camp for British prisoners in the island of <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> in the year 1942, was filmed here, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Other_Side_of_Heaven" title="The Other Side of Heaven">The Other Side of Heaven</a></i>, which is set in <a href="/wiki/Niuatoputapu" title="Niuatoputapu">Niuatoputapu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>, but was filmed in part on Rarotonga, and <i><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Lingo" title="Johnny Lingo">Johnny Lingo</a></i> which was set here.</li> <li>In the 2008 film <i><a href="/wiki/Nim%27s_Island" title="Nim's Island">Nim's Island</a></i>, Rarotonga is portrayed as a waypoint for fictional adventure writer Alexandra Rover (<a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a>) on her journey from San Francisco to a South Pacific island.</li> <li>In 1951, Mexican writers <a href="/wiki/Yolanda_Vargas_Dulch%C3%A9" title="Yolanda Vargas Dulché">Yolanda Vargas Dulché</a> and Guillermo de la Parra wrote <i><a href="/wiki/Rarotonga_(comics)" title="Rarotonga (comics)">Rarotonga</a></i>, a comic book whose plot unfolds on the island. The heroine of the story is called <i>Zonga</i>, an enigmatic woman with superhuman powers. The comic inspired a Mexican movie filmed in 1978 and a song by the Mexican rock band <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Tacuba" title="Café Tacuba">Café Tacuba</a>.</li> <li>The 1948 film <i><a href="/wiki/Another_Shore" title="Another Shore">Another Shore</a></i> has as its central character an Irish civil servant who fantasises about going to live on Rarotonga.</li> <li>Smooth Walker (<a href="/wiki/Howard_Hesseman" title="Howard Hesseman">Howard Hesseman</a>) books a flight to Rarotonga in the 1983 film <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Detroit" title="Doctor Detroit">Doctor Detroit</a></i>.</li> <li>Former New Zealand cricket captain <a href="/wiki/John_Wright_(cricketer,_born_1954)" title="John Wright (cricketer, born 1954)">John Wright</a>'s 1990 autobiography is titled <i>Christmas in Rarotonga</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rarotonga&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Te_Rua_Manga_(The_Needle)_lookout.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Te Rua Manga (The Needle) lookout"><img alt="Te Rua Manga (The Needle) lookout" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Te_Rua_Manga_%28The_Needle%29_lookout.jpg/170px-Te_Rua_Manga_%28The_Needle%29_lookout.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Te_Rua_Manga_%28The_Needle%29_lookout.jpg/255px-Te_Rua_Manga_%28The_Needle%29_lookout.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Te_Rua_Manga_%28The_Needle%29_lookout.jpg/340px-Te_Rua_Manga_%28The_Needle%29_lookout.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3637" data-file-height="2433" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Te Rua Manga (The Needle) lookout</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Te_Rua_Manga_(7189164097).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Te Rua Manga (The Needle)"><img alt="Te Rua Manga (The Needle)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Te_Rua_Manga_%287189164097%29.jpg/160px-Te_Rua_Manga_%287189164097%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Te_Rua_Manga_%287189164097%29.jpg/240px-Te_Rua_Manga_%287189164097%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Te_Rua_Manga_%287189164097%29.jpg/320px-Te_Rua_Manga_%287189164097%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Te Rua Manga (The Needle)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CICC_CHURCH_IN_AVARUA,_RAROTONGA,_COOK_ISLANDS.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cook Islands Christian Church (CICC) in Avarua"><img alt="Cook Islands Christian Church (CICC) in Avarua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/CICC_CHURCH_IN_AVARUA%2C_RAROTONGA%2C_COOK_ISLANDS.jpg/170px-CICC_CHURCH_IN_AVARUA%2C_RAROTONGA%2C_COOK_ISLANDS.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/CICC_CHURCH_IN_AVARUA%2C_RAROTONGA%2C_COOK_ISLANDS.jpg/255px-CICC_CHURCH_IN_AVARUA%2C_RAROTONGA%2C_COOK_ISLANDS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/CICC_CHURCH_IN_AVARUA%2C_RAROTONGA%2C_COOK_ISLANDS.jpg/340px-CICC_CHURCH_IN_AVARUA%2C_RAROTONGA%2C_COOK_ISLANDS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2612" data-file-height="1560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_Christian_Church" title="Cook Islands Christian Church">Cook Islands Christian Church</a> (CICC) in <a href="/wiki/Avarua" title="Avarua">Avarua</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rarotonga&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auparu" title="Auparu">Auparu</a> – in Cook Islands mythology, Auparu ("gentle dew") is a stream in Rarotonga, the bathing-place of nymphs or fairies.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukutere_College" title="Nukutere College">Nukutere College</a> – the country's only Roman Catholic secondary school</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Rarotonga" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Rarotonga">Roman Catholic Diocese of Rarotonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rarotonga" title="Treaty of Rarotonga">Treaty of Rarotonga</a> – 1985 South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rarotonga&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Census2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census2016_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census2016_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census2016_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfem.gov.ck/images/documents/Statistics_Docs/5.Census-Surveys/6.Population-and-Dwelling_2016/2016_CENSUS_REPORT-FINAL.pdf">"Cook Islands 2016 Census Main Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Cook Islands Statistical Office. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hurricane+Sally%2C+%22Worst+in+Memory%2C%22+Leaves+Island+Devastated&rft.pub=AP&rft.date=1987-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fca87ca58b7a457508071efb0b8f8f80d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARarotonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/173220/cook-islands-govt-abolishes-rarotonga-vaka-councils">"Cook Islands govt abolishes Rarotonga Vaka councils"</a>. 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cook+Islands+govt+abolishes+Rarotonga+Vaka+councils&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radionz.co.nz%2Finternational%2Fpacific-news%2F173220%2Fcook-islands-govt-abolishes-rarotonga-vaka-councils&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARarotonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statoids.com/uck.html">"Statoids: Cook Islands"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statoids%3A+Cook+Islands&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statoids.com%2Fuck.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARarotonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaimoana_Tapaleo2015" class="citation news cs1">Vaimoana Tapaleo (3 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=11475500">"Tourists hurt by Air New Zealand jet blast in Rarotonga"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1170-0777">1170-0777</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Tourists+hurt+by+Air+New+Zealand+jet+blast+in+Rarotonga&rft.date=2015-07-03&rft.issn=1170-0777&rft.au=Vaimoana+Tapaleo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fworld%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D2%26objectid%3D11475500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARarotonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sokalavillas.com/info_bus_taxi_X.htm">Bus & Taxis / Sokala Villas, Muri Beach, Rarotonga, Cook Islands</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGideon_Haigh2003" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Haigh" title="Gideon Haigh">Gideon Haigh</a> (20 December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/12/19/1071337157415.html">"Cricket, the Wright way"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Cricket%2C+the+Wright+way&rft.date=2003-12-20&rft.au=Gideon+Haigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Farticles%2F2003%2F12%2F19%2F1071337157415.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARarotonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rarotonga&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Rarotonga#Q471793" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Rarotonga">Rarotonga</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rarotonga" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rarotonga">Rarotonga</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-CroLan-c6-1.html">History of districts and villages</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzetc.org/etexts/CroLan/CroLan-002.jpg">Original Tapere subdivision of Rarotonga</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cook_Islands" title="Template:Cook Islands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cook_Islands" title="Template talk:Cook Islands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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title="Suwarrow">Suwarrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tema_Reef" title="Tema Reef">Tema Reef</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands"><img alt="Cook Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cook_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Cook Islands">Southern chain</a> - Nga-pu-Toru</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atiu" title="Atiu">Atiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauke" title="Mauke">Mauke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitiaro" title="Mitiaro">Mitiaro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern chain - other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aitutaki" title="Aitutaki">Aitutaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangaia" title="Mangaia">Mangaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuae_(Cook_Islands)" title="Manuae (Cook Islands)">Manuae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmerston_Island" title="Palmerston Island">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rarotonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takutea" title="Takutea">Takutea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winslow_Reef,_Cook_Islands" title="Winslow Reef, Cook Islands">Winslow Reef</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471793#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471793#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471793#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4116910-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82150382">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rarotonga (Cookovy ostrovy : ostrov)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge445886&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/31fhggvm262b22q">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007566791205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/a4784517-3f5e-431e-9036-ae50be58c321">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rarotonga&oldid=1261761706">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rarotonga&oldid=1261761706</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rarotonga" title="Category:Rarotonga">Rarotonga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Category:Islands 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