CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html dir="ltr" lang="en-US"> <head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><script>if(navigator.userAgent.match(/MSIE|Internet Explorer/i)||navigator.userAgent.match(/Trident\/7\..*?rv:11/i)){var href=document.location.href;if(!href.match(/[?&]nowprocket/)){if(href.indexOf("?")==-1){if(href.indexOf("#")==-1){document.location.href=href+"?nowprocket=1"}else{document.location.href=href.replace("#","?nowprocket=1#")}}else{if(href.indexOf("#")==-1){document.location.href=href+"&nowprocket=1"}else{document.location.href=href.replace("#","&nowprocket=1#")}}}}</script><script>(()=>{class RocketLazyLoadScripts{constructor(){this.v="1.2.6",this.triggerEvents=["keydown","mousedown","mousemove","touchmove","touchstart","touchend","wheel"],this.userEventHandler=this.t.bind(this),this.touchStartHandler=this.i.bind(this),this.touchMoveHandler=this.o.bind(this),this.touchEndHandler=this.h.bind(this),this.clickHandler=this.u.bind(this),this.interceptedClicks=[],this.interceptedClickListeners=[],this.l(this),window.addEventListener("pageshow",(t=>{this.persisted=t.persisted,this.everythingLoaded&&this.m()})),this.CSPIssue=sessionStorage.getItem("rocketCSPIssue"),document.addEventListener("securitypolicyviolation",(t=>{this.CSPIssue||"script-src-elem"!==t.violatedDirective||"data"!==t.blockedURI||(this.CSPIssue=!0,sessionStorage.setItem("rocketCSPIssue",!0))})),document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",(()=>{this.k()})),this.delayedScripts={normal:[],async:[],defer:[]},this.trash=[],this.allJQueries=[]}p(t){document.hidden?t.t():(this.triggerEvents.forEach((e=>window.addEventListener(e,t.userEventHandler,{passive:!0}))),window.addEventListener("touchstart",t.touchStartHandler,{passive:!0}),window.addEventListener("mousedown",t.touchStartHandler),document.addEventListener("visibilitychange",t.userEventHandler))}_(){this.triggerEvents.forEach((t=>window.removeEventListener(t,this.userEventHandler,{passive:!0}))),document.removeEventListener("visibilitychange",this.userEventHandler)}i(t){"HTML"!==t.target.tagName&&(window.addEventListener("touchend",this.touchEndHandler),window.addEventListener("mouseup",this.touchEndHandler),window.addEventListener("touchmove",this.touchMoveHandler,{passive:!0}),window.addEventListener("mousemove",this.touchMoveHandler),t.target.addEventListener("click",this.clickHandler),this.L(t.target,!0),this.S(t.target,"onclick","rocket-onclick"),this.C())}o(t){window.removeEventListener("touchend",this.touchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("mouseup",this.touchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("touchmove",this.touchMoveHandler,{passive:!0}),window.removeEventListener("mousemove",this.touchMoveHandler),t.target.removeEventListener("click",this.clickHandler),this.L(t.target,!1),this.S(t.target,"rocket-onclick","onclick"),this.M()}h(){window.removeEventListener("touchend",this.touchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("mouseup",this.touchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("touchmove",this.touchMoveHandler,{passive:!0}),window.removeEventListener("mousemove",this.touchMoveHandler)}u(t){t.target.removeEventListener("click",this.clickHandler),this.L(t.target,!1),this.S(t.target,"rocket-onclick","onclick"),this.interceptedClicks.push(t),t.preventDefault(),t.stopPropagation(),t.stopImmediatePropagation(),this.M()}O(){window.removeEventListener("touchstart",this.touchStartHandler,{passive:!0}),window.removeEventListener("mousedown",this.touchStartHandler),this.interceptedClicks.forEach((t=>{t.target.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent("click",{view:t.view,bubbles:!0,cancelable:!0}))}))}l(t){EventTarget.prototype.addEventListenerWPRocketBase=EventTarget.prototype.addEventListener,EventTarget.prototype.addEventListener=function(e,i,o){"click"!==e||t.windowLoaded||i===t.clickHandler||t.interceptedClickListeners.push({target:this,func:i,options:o}),(this||window).addEventListenerWPRocketBase(e,i,o)}}L(t,e){this.interceptedClickListeners.forEach((i=>{i.target===t&&(e?t.removeEventListener("click",i.func,i.options):t.addEventListener("click",i.func,i.options))})),t.parentNode!==document.documentElement&&this.L(t.parentNode,e)}D(){return new Promise((t=>{this.P?this.M=t:t()}))}C(){this.P=!0}M(){this.P=!1}S(t,e,i){t.hasAttribute&&t.hasAttribute(e)&&(event.target.setAttribute(i,event.target.getAttribute(e)),event.target.removeAttribute(e))}t(){this._(this),"loading"===document.readyState?document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",this.R.bind(this)):this.R()}k(){let t=[];document.querySelectorAll("script[type=rocketlazyloadscript][data-rocket-src]").forEach((e=>{let i=e.getAttribute("data-rocket-src");if(i&&!i.startsWith("data:")){0===i.indexOf("//")&&(i=location.protocol+i);try{const o=new URL(i).origin;o!==location.origin&&t.push({src:o,crossOrigin:e.crossOrigin||"module"===e.getAttribute("data-rocket-type")})}catch(t){}}})),t=[...new Map(t.map((t=>[JSON.stringify(t),t]))).values()],this.T(t,"preconnect")}async R(){this.lastBreath=Date.now(),this.j(this),this.F(this),this.I(),this.W(),this.q(),await this.A(this.delayedScripts.normal),await this.A(this.delayedScripts.defer),await this.A(this.delayedScripts.async);try{await this.U(),await this.H(this),await this.J()}catch(t){console.error(t)}window.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-allScriptsLoaded")),this.everythingLoaded=!0,this.D().then((()=>{this.O()})),this.N()}W(){document.querySelectorAll("script[type=rocketlazyloadscript]").forEach((t=>{t.hasAttribute("data-rocket-src")?t.hasAttribute("async")&&!1!==t.async?this.delayedScripts.async.push(t):t.hasAttribute("defer")&&!1!==t.defer||"module"===t.getAttribute("data-rocket-type")?this.delayedScripts.defer.push(t):this.delayedScripts.normal.push(t):this.delayedScripts.normal.push(t)}))}async B(t){if(await this.G(),!0!==t.noModule||!("noModule"in HTMLScriptElement.prototype))return new Promise((e=>{let i;function o(){(i||t).setAttribute("data-rocket-status","executed"),e()}try{if(navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Firefox/")>0||""===navigator.vendor||this.CSPIssue)i=document.createElement("script"),[...t.attributes].forEach((t=>{let e=t.nodeName;"type"!==e&&("data-rocket-type"===e&&(e="type"),"data-rocket-src"===e&&(e="src"),i.setAttribute(e,t.nodeValue))})),t.text&&(i.text=t.text),i.hasAttribute("src")?(i.addEventListener("load",o),i.addEventListener("error",(function(){i.setAttribute("data-rocket-status","failed-network"),e()})),setTimeout((()=>{i.isConnected||e()}),1)):(i.text=t.text,o()),t.parentNode.replaceChild(i,t);else{const i=t.getAttribute("data-rocket-type"),s=t.getAttribute("data-rocket-src");i?(t.type=i,t.removeAttribute("data-rocket-type")):t.removeAttribute("type"),t.addEventListener("load",o),t.addEventListener("error",(i=>{this.CSPIssue&&i.target.src.startsWith("data:")?(console.log("WPRocket: data-uri blocked by CSP -> fallback"),t.removeAttribute("src"),this.B(t).then(e)):(t.setAttribute("data-rocket-status","failed-network"),e())})),s?(t.removeAttribute("data-rocket-src"),t.src=s):t.src="data:text/javascript;base64,"+window.btoa(unescape(encodeURIComponent(t.text)))}}catch(i){t.setAttribute("data-rocket-status","failed-transform"),e()}}));t.setAttribute("data-rocket-status","skipped")}async A(t){const e=t.shift();return e&&e.isConnected?(await this.B(e),this.A(t)):Promise.resolve()}q(){this.T([...this.delayedScripts.normal,...this.delayedScripts.defer,...this.delayedScripts.async],"preload")}T(t,e){var i=document.createDocumentFragment();t.forEach((t=>{const o=t.getAttribute&&t.getAttribute("data-rocket-src")||t.src;if(o&&!o.startsWith("data:")){const s=document.createElement("link");s.href=o,s.rel=e,"preconnect"!==e&&(s.as="script"),t.getAttribute&&"module"===t.getAttribute("data-rocket-type")&&(s.crossOrigin=!0),t.crossOrigin&&(s.crossOrigin=t.crossOrigin),t.integrity&&(s.integrity=t.integrity),i.appendChild(s),this.trash.push(s)}})),document.head.appendChild(i)}j(t){let e={};function i(i,o){return e[o].eventsToRewrite.indexOf(i)>=0&&!t.everythingLoaded?"rocket-"+i:i}function o(t,o){!function(t){e[t]||(e[t]={originalFunctions:{add:t.addEventListener,remove:t.removeEventListener},eventsToRewrite:[]},t.addEventListener=function(){arguments[0]=i(arguments[0],t),e[t].originalFunctions.add.apply(t,arguments)},t.removeEventListener=function(){arguments[0]=i(arguments[0],t),e[t].originalFunctions.remove.apply(t,arguments)})}(t),e[t].eventsToRewrite.push(o)}function s(e,i){let o=e[i];e[i]=null,Object.defineProperty(e,i,{get:()=>o||function(){},set(s){t.everythingLoaded?o=s:e["rocket"+i]=o=s}})}o(document,"DOMContentLoaded"),o(window,"DOMContentLoaded"),o(window,"load"),o(window,"pageshow"),o(document,"readystatechange"),s(document,"onreadystatechange"),s(window,"onload"),s(window,"onpageshow");try{Object.defineProperty(document,"readyState",{get:()=>t.rocketReadyState,set(e){t.rocketReadyState=e},configurable:!0}),document.readyState="loading"}catch(t){console.log("WPRocket DJE readyState conflict, bypassing")}}F(t){let e;function i(e){return t.everythingLoaded?e:e.split(" ").map((t=>"load"===t||0===t.indexOf("load.")?"rocket-jquery-load":t)).join(" ")}function o(o){function s(t){const e=o.fn[t];o.fn[t]=o.fn.init.prototype[t]=function(){return this[0]===window&&("string"==typeof arguments[0]||arguments[0]instanceof String?arguments[0]=i(arguments[0]):"object"==typeof arguments[0]&&Object.keys(arguments[0]).forEach((t=>{const e=arguments[0][t];delete arguments[0][t],arguments[0][i(t)]=e}))),e.apply(this,arguments),this}}o&&o.fn&&!t.allJQueries.includes(o)&&(o.fn.ready=o.fn.init.prototype.ready=function(e){return t.domReadyFired?e.bind(document)(o):document.addEventListener("rocket-DOMContentLoaded",(()=>e.bind(document)(o))),o([])},s("on"),s("one"),t.allJQueries.push(o)),e=o}o(window.jQuery),Object.defineProperty(window,"jQuery",{get:()=>e,set(t){o(t)}})}async H(t){const e=document.querySelector("script[data-webpack]");e&&(await async function(){return new Promise((t=>{e.addEventListener("load",t),e.addEventListener("error",t)}))}(),await t.K(),await t.H(t))}async U(){this.domReadyFired=!0;try{document.readyState="interactive"}catch(t){}await this.G(),document.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-readystatechange")),await this.G(),document.rocketonreadystatechange&&document.rocketonreadystatechange(),await this.G(),document.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-DOMContentLoaded")),await this.G(),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-DOMContentLoaded"))}async J(){try{document.readyState="complete"}catch(t){}await this.G(),document.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-readystatechange")),await this.G(),document.rocketonreadystatechange&&document.rocketonreadystatechange(),await this.G(),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-load")),await this.G(),window.rocketonload&&window.rocketonload(),await this.G(),this.allJQueries.forEach((t=>t(window).trigger("rocket-jquery-load"))),await this.G();const t=new Event("rocket-pageshow");t.persisted=this.persisted,window.dispatchEvent(t),await this.G(),window.rocketonpageshow&&window.rocketonpageshow({persisted:this.persisted}),this.windowLoaded=!0}m(){document.onreadystatechange&&document.onreadystatechange(),window.onload&&window.onload(),window.onpageshow&&window.onpageshow({persisted:this.persisted})}I(){const t=new Map;document.write=document.writeln=function(e){const i=document.currentScript;i||console.error("WPRocket unable to document.write this: "+e);const o=document.createRange(),s=i.parentElement;let n=t.get(i);void 0===n&&(n=i.nextSibling,t.set(i,n));const c=document.createDocumentFragment();o.setStart(c,0),c.appendChild(o.createContextualFragment(e)),s.insertBefore(c,n)}}async G(){Date.now()-this.lastBreath>45&&(await this.K(),this.lastBreath=Date.now())}async K(){return document.hidden?new Promise((t=>setTimeout(t))):new Promise((t=>requestAnimationFrame(t)))}N(){this.trash.forEach((t=>t.remove()))}static run(){const t=new RocketLazyLoadScripts;t.p(t)}}RocketLazyLoadScripts.run()})();</script>  <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-4975786-4" async></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-4975786-4'); </script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <link href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/thesis/skins/classic-r/css.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <title>Unusual Variations of the ‘Kai Yuan Tong Bao’ Coin</title> <meta name="description" content="With the minting of the kai yuan tong bao (開元通寶) coin beginning in 621 AD during the reign of Emperor Gaozu (唐高祖) of the Tang dynasty (唐朝), almost 700 years of the continuous casting of the wu zhu (五铢) coin ended. Kai Yuan Tong Bao coin from the Tang dynasty The kai yuan tong bao," /> <meta name="robots" content="noodp, noydir" /> <link href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/2021/01/08/unusual-variations-of-the-kai-yuan-tong-bao-coin/" rel="canonical" /> <link href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/feed/" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Primal Trek feed" /> <link href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/xmlrpc.php" rel="pingback" /> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Primal Trek » Unusual Variations of the ‘Kai Yuan Tong Bao’ Coin Comments Feed" href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/2021/01/08/unusual-variations-of-the-kai-yuan-tong-bao-coin/feed/" /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/8606" /><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fprimaltrek.com%2Fblog%2F2021%2F01%2F08%2Funusual-variations-of-the-kai-yuan-tong-bao-coin%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fprimaltrek.com%2Fblog%2F2021%2F01%2F08%2Funusual-variations-of-the-kai-yuan-tong-bao-coin%2F&format=xml" /> <noscript><style id="rocket-lazyload-nojs-css">.rll-youtube-player, [data-lazy-src]{display:none !important;}</style></noscript><link href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /> <noscript><style>.menu { display: block; }</style></noscript></head> <body class="template-single"> <div data-rocket-location-hash="93b9c55a76db46220508acbe442d05f2" class="container"> <span class="menu_control">≡ Menu</span> <ul id="menu-home" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-6343" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6343"><a href="https://primaltrek.com">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6344" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6344"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/about-me/">ABOUT ME</a></li> </ul> <div data-rocket-location-hash="b9268b4432fe0746a994bae6f90d5f50" id="header" class="header"> <div data-rocket-location-hash="696b1c560abf5a44324f237b6a87c67d" id="site_title">Primal Trek</div> <div data-rocket-location-hash="286d2406dbbc084b5f3bca3c546609b6" id="site_tagline">a journey through Chinese culture</div> </div> <div data-rocket-location-hash="4d1b0565a2cfe76418efcf78086d3f61" class="columns"> <div data-rocket-location-hash="5ae7e3edf258b48cd17dc707fb7fef9c" class="content"> <div id="post-8606" class="post_box grt top" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"> <link href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/2021/01/08/unusual-variations-of-the-kai-yuan-tong-bao-coin/" itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" /> <div class="headline_area"> <h1 class="headline" itemprop="headline">Unusual Variations of the ‘Kai Yuan Tong Bao’ Coin</h1> <div class="byline small"> <span class="post_author_intro">by</span> <span class="post_author" itemprop="author">Gary Ashkenazy</span> <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2021-01-08" /> <meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2021-02-21" /> <span class="post_date_intro">on</span> <span class="post_date" title="2021-01-08">January 8, 2021</span> </div> </div> <div class="post_content" itemprop="articleBody"> <p>With the minting of the <em><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://primaltrek.com/chinesecoins.html#tang_dynasty_coins" data-type="URL" data-id="https://primaltrek.com/chinesecoins.html#tang_dynasty_coins" target="_blank">kai yuan tong bao</a></em> (<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E9%80%9A%E5%AE%9D/4325599?fr=aladdin" data-type="URL" data-id="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E9%80%9A%E5%AE%9D/4325599?fr=aladdin" target="_blank">開元通寶</a>) coin beginning in 621 AD during the reign of <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Gaozu_of_Tang" data-type="URL" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Gaozu_of_Tang" target="_blank">Emperor Gaozu</a> (<a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%8A/1952?fr=aladdin" data-type="URL" data-id="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%8A/1952?fr=aladdin" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">唐高祖</a>) of the <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_dynasty" data-type="URL" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_dynasty" target="_blank">Tang dynasty</a> (<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D/53699?fr=aladdin" data-type="URL" data-id="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D/53699?fr=aladdin" target="_blank">唐朝</a>), almost 700 years of the continuous casting of the <em><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://primaltrek.com/charmcoins.html#wu_zhu_coins" data-type="URL" data-id="https://primaltrek.com/charmcoins.html#wu_zhu_coins" target="_blank">wu zhu</a></em> (<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BA%94%E9%93%A2/2586234?fr=aladdin" data-type="URL" data-id="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BA%94%E9%93%A2/2586234?fr=aladdin" target="_blank">五铢</a>) coin ended.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="alignleft size-large"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuanobv1.jpg"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="265" height="245" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20265%20245'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" class="wp-image-8613" data-lazy-src="http://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuanobv1.jpg"/><noscript><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="265" height="245" src="http://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuanobv1.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-8613"/></noscript></a><figcaption>Kai Yuan Tong Bao coin from the Tang dynasty</figcaption></figure></div> <p>The <em>kai yuan tong bao</em>, shown at left, became the model for most of the coins cast during the dynasties that followed up until the very end of the imperial era in 1911.</p> <p>“Kai yuan” (開元) translates as “opening a new era” and “tong bao” (通寶) means “circulating treasure”.</p> <p>There are some interesting variations of this coin and a few of the more unusual ones are discussed below.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuantongbaolead.jpeg"><img decoding="async" width="387" height="200" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20387%20200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" class="wp-image-8610" data-lazy-srcset="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuantongbaolead.jpeg 387w, https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuantongbaolead-300x155.jpeg 300w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 387px) 100vw, 387px" data-lazy-src="http://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuantongbaolead.jpeg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" width="387" height="200" src="http://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuantongbaolead.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-8610" srcset="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuantongbaolead.jpeg 387w, https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuantongbaolead-300x155.jpeg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 387px) 100vw, 387px" /></noscript></a><figcaption>Kai Yuan Tong Bao lead coin minted by the State of Chu (Kingdom of Chu) or Southern Han Kingdom</figcaption></figure></div> <p>The <a href="http://www.jibi.net/news/ZGQBJ/155944795.html" data-type="URL" data-id="http://www.jibi.net/news/ZGQBJ/155944795.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">image</a> above shows a most unusual <em>kai yuan tong bao</em> coin on the left. On the right is a rubbing of the same coin making it is easier to read the inscription.</p> <p>This coin is believed to have been minted by either <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://primaltrek.com/chinesecoins.html#Chu_907-951" data-type="URL" data-id="https://primaltrek.com/chinesecoins.html#Chu_907-951" target="_blank">Chu</a> (<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8D%97%E6%A5%9A/10441518?fromtitle=%E6%A5%9A&fromid=3423373#viewPageContent" data-type="URL" data-id="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8D%97%E6%A5%9A/10441518?fromtitle=%E6%A5%9A&fromid=3423373#viewPageContent" target="_blank">楚</a> 907-951 AD) or the <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://primaltrek.com/chinesecoins.html#Southern_Han_Kingdom_905-971" data-type="URL" data-id="https://primaltrek.com/chinesecoins.html#Southern_Han_Kingdom_905-971" target="_blank">Southern Han Kingdom</a> (<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8D%97%E6%B1%89" data-type="URL" data-id="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8D%97%E6%B1%89" target="_blank">南汉</a> 905-971 AD). While Tang dynasty coins are well-cast copper coins with uniform-sized Chinese characters written in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clerical_script" data-type="URL" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clerical_script" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">clerical script</a> (<a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%9A%B6%E4%B9%A6/835864?fr=aladdin" data-type="URL" data-id="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%9A%B6%E4%B9%A6/835864?fr=aladdin" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">隶书</a>), this lead coin is poorly-cast with very irregular and poorly written characters.</p> <p>Not only is the coin made of lead, which has a much less intrinsic value than copper, it is also smaller, thinner, and lighter than the Tang dynasty coin. It also has a larger square hole which means it contains even less metal.</p> <p>This coin has the same <em>kai yuan tong bao</em> inscription. However, the inscription is not read in the same order (top, bottom, right, left). Instead, the characters are read starting at the top and going counterclockwise (top, left, bottom, right).</p> <div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="alignleft size-large"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuankai.jpg"><img decoding="async" width="78" height="72" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2078%2072'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" class="wp-image-8631" data-lazy-src="http://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuankai.jpg"/><noscript><img decoding="async" width="78" height="72" src="http://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuankai.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-8631"/></noscript></a></figure></div> <p>The first character <em>kai</em> (開) is upside down. (For illustrative purposes, I am using the Chinese characters from the copper coin.)</p> <div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="alignleft size-large"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuanyuan.jpg"><img decoding="async" width="70" height="80" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2070%2080'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" class="wp-image-8632" data-lazy-src="http://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuanyuan.jpg"/><noscript><img decoding="async" width="70" height="80" src="http://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuanyuan.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-8632"/></noscript></a></figure></div> <p>The next character, <em>yuan</em> (元), is rotated to the right so that its top is facing the square hole.</p> <p></p> <div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="alignleft size-large"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuantong.jpg"><img decoding="async" width="69" height="84" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2069%2084'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" class="wp-image-8633" data-lazy-src="http://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuantong.jpg"/><noscript><img decoding="async" width="69" height="84" src="http://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuantong.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-8633"/></noscript></a></figure></div> <p>The third character, <em>tong</em> (通), is rotated to the left with its right side facing the square hole. </p> <p></p> <div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="alignleft size-large"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuanbao-1.jpg"><img decoding="async" width="58" height="90" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2058%2090'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" class="wp-image-8642" data-lazy-src="http://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuanbao-1.jpg"/><noscript><img decoding="async" width="58" height="90" src="http://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuanbao-1.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-8642"/></noscript></a></figure></div> <p>Finally, the fourth character, <em>bao</em> (寶), is upside down.</p> <p></p> <div style="height:6px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <p>This is certainly a most unusual <em>kai yuan tong bao</em> coin.</p> <p>Coins that were declared by the emperor to be worth more than the standard cash coin would sometimes have the inscription “<em>zhong ba</em>o” (重寶) instead of “<em>tong bao</em>” (寶). The <em>zhong</em> (重) means “heavy” to imply that it has greater value.</p> <p></p> <div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="alignleft size-large"><img decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Qian Yuan Zhong Bao coin cast in 759 AD by Emperor Su Zong of the Tang dynasty" data-lazy-src="https://primaltrek.com/qianyuanobv.jpg"/><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://primaltrek.com/qianyuanobv.jpg" alt="Qian Yuan Zhong Bao coin cast in 759 AD by Emperor Su Zong of the Tang dynasty"/></noscript><figcaption>Qian Yuan Zhong Bao was the first “zhong bao” coin</figcaption></figure></div> <p>Shown at the left is a <em><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://primaltrek.com/charmfeatures.html#qian_yuan" data-type="URL" data-id="https://primaltrek.com/charmfeatures.html#qian_yuan" target="_blank">qian yuan zhong bao</a></em> (<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B9%BE%E5%85%83%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9D/10988780?fr=aladdin" data-type="URL" data-id="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B9%BE%E5%85%83%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9D/10988780?fr=aladdin" target="_blank">乾元重寶</a>) which was cast in 759 AD by <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Suzong_of_Tang" data-type="URL" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Suzong_of_Tang" target="_blank">Emperor Suzong</a> (<a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9D%8E%E4%BA%A8/16111?fromtitle=%E5%94%90%E8%82%83%E5%AE%97&fromid=1347615&fr=aladdin" data-type="URL" data-id="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9D%8E%E4%BA%A8/16111?fromtitle=%E5%94%90%E8%82%83%E5%AE%97&fromid=1347615&fr=aladdin" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">唐肅宗</a> 756-762 AD) of the Tang dynasty.</p> <p>This “<a href="https://primaltrek.com/guide.html#origin_tong_bao_yuan_bao_zhong_bao" data-type="URL" data-id="https://primaltrek.com/guide.html#origin_tong_bao_yuan_bao_zhong_bao" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">zhong bao</a>” coin was declared to be worth the equivalent of 10 regular cash coins such as the <em>kai yuan tong bao</em>.</p> <p>While there are <strong>no historical records</strong> stating that a “<em>kai yuan <strong>zhong</strong> bao</em>” (開元<strong>重</strong>寶) was ever officially minted, shown below is such a coin.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuanzhongbao1.jpeg"><img decoding="async" width="458" height="250" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20458%20250'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" class="wp-image-8615" data-lazy-srcset="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuanzhongbao1.jpeg 458w, https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuanzhongbao1-300x164.jpeg 300w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 458px) 100vw, 458px" data-lazy-src="http://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuanzhongbao1.jpeg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" width="458" height="250" src="http://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuanzhongbao1.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-8615" srcset="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuanzhongbao1.jpeg 458w, https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuanzhongbao1-300x164.jpeg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 458px) 100vw, 458px" /></noscript></a><figcaption>Kai Yuan Zhong Bao (開元重寶) coin made of copper and sold by China Guardian Auctions in 2011</figcaption></figure></div> <p>The inscription is read in the traditional order (top, bottom, right, left). The coin is made of copper and is well-made. The characters are uniform but appear to be of slightly different sizes. The coin is 33 mm in diameter which makes it larger than a Tang dynasty coin which is about 24 mm.</p> <p>This coin would not have been minted during the Tang dynasty but rather sometime later. At this time, it is not clear when or where the coin originated. The coin may be of Japanese origin, or even a charm, but it was not presented at the auction as either of these. This <em>kai yuan zhong bao</em> copper coin was sold at <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.cguardian.com/en/AuctionDetails.html?id=274046&categoryId=980&itemCode=2531" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.cguardian.com/en/AuctionDetails.html?id=274046&categoryId=980&itemCode=2531" target="_blank">China Guardian Auctions</a> in 2011 for about $925.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="alignleft size-large"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuanzhongbaolead1.jpeg"><img decoding="async" width="280" height="283" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20280%20283'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" class="wp-image-8617" data-lazy-src="http://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuanzhongbaolead1.jpeg"/><noscript><img decoding="async" width="280" height="283" src="http://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuanzhongbaolead1.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-8617"/></noscript></a><figcaption>Kai Yuan Zhong Bao coin made of lead</figcaption></figure></div> <p>Even more unusual than the <em>kai yuan zhong bao</em> described above is the <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="http://www.360doc.com/content/19/0511/13/29284683_834989257.shtml" data-type="URL" data-id="http://www.360doc.com/content/19/0511/13/29284683_834989257.shtml" target="_blank"><em>kai yuan zhong bao</em> coin <strong>made of lead</strong></a> shown at the left.</p> <p>The <em>kai</em> (開) at top, the <em>yuan</em> (元) at bottom and the <em>zhong</em> (重) at right can be clearly identified.</p> <p>The <em>bao</em> (寶) at left is, however, very strange until you realize that it is <strong>not the Chinese character <em>bao</em></strong> (寶).</p> <p>Remember that the Chinese character <em>bao</em> (寶) translates as “treasure”.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="alignleft size-large"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/silveringot1.jpeg"><img decoding="async" width="200" height="280" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20200%20280'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" class="wp-image-8618" data-lazy-src="http://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/silveringot1.jpeg"/><noscript><img decoding="async" width="200" height="280" src="http://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/silveringot1.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-8618"/></noscript></a><figcaption>Silver Ingot (top and side views)</figcaption></figure></div> <p>The “character” to the left of the square hole in this lead <em>kai yuan zhong bao</em> coin is, in fact, not a Chinese character at all but rather a <strong>picture of an ingot</strong>.</p> <p>Shown at the left is another form of ancient Chinese money known as an ingot (<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sycee" data-type="URL" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sycee" target="_blank">sycee</a> 细丝). Sycee were made of either silver or gold and could be cast in a number of different shapes. The <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#silver_ingot" data-type="URL" data-id="https://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#silver_ingot" target="_blank">silver ingot</a> (<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%93%B6%E9%94%AD/1049319?fr=aladdin" data-type="URL" data-id="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%93%B6%E9%94%AD/1049319?fr=aladdin" target="_blank">银锭</a>) at the left is the most common and its shape would be easily recognizable by the Chinese people.</p> <p>The ingot, being a very high denomination form of money, would therefore represent a “treasure” and easily substitutes for the Chinese character <em>bao</em>, meaning “treasure”, on this coin.</p> <p>So, the inscription on the coin is indeed <em>kai yuan zhong bao</em>.</p> <p>While it is not clear when or where the copper <em>kai yuan zhong bao</em> described above originated, it is much clearer where the lead coin came from since it was found in the same area as the State of Chu and Southern Han Kingdom lead coins discussed earlier.</p> <p>Finally, I would like to introduce the most unusual variation of the “<em>kai yuan</em>” coin theme. It is another lead coin. It was also found in the same area as the other lead coins discussed above and, therefore, is also attributed to the State of Chu or the Southern Han Kingdom.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuantongzhong1.jpg"><img decoding="async" width="366" height="180" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20366%20180'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" class="wp-image-8623" data-lazy-srcset="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuantongzhong1.jpg 366w, https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuantongzhong1-300x148.jpg 300w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 366px) 100vw, 366px" data-lazy-src="http://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuantongzhong1.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" width="366" height="180" src="http://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuantongzhong1.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-8623" srcset="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuantongzhong1.jpg 366w, https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kaiyuantongzhong1-300x148.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 366px) 100vw, 366px" /></noscript></a><figcaption>“Kai Yuan Tong Zhong” lead coin</figcaption></figure></div> <p>Looking at the coin above, you can clearly see from the rubbing that it has the <em>kai</em> (開) at the top, the <em>yuan</em> (元) at the bottom, and the <em>tong</em> (通) at the right.</p> <p>But, you can also clearly see that the character at the left is <em>zhong</em> (重). This is the position where you would always expect to see the Chinese character <em>bao</em> (寶) meaning “treasure”.</p> <p>This means that the inscription reads <em><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="http://www.jibi.net/news/ZGQBJ/155944795.html" data-type="URL" data-id="http://www.jibi.net/news/ZGQBJ/155944795.html" target="_blank">kai yuan tong zhong</a></em> (開元通重) which makes no sense at all! Remember the <em>tong</em> (通) character signifies a <strong>one cash</strong> coin while coins with the <em>zhong</em> (重) character represent a higher denomination such as, for example, being worth <strong>10 cash</strong> coins.</p> <p>How could a coin be worth both 1 cash and 10 cash at the same time?</p> <p>The <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="http://www.jibi.net/news/ZGQBJ/155944795.html" data-type="URL" target="_blank" data-id="http://www.jibi.net/news/ZGQBJ/155944795.html">owner of this coin</a> believes that whoever made the coin mould was just careless and mistakenly wrote <em>zhong</em> (重) instead of <em>bao</em> (寶). We know that scribes can sometimes make mistakes in manuscripts so it is certainly possible that the same can happen to those writing the inscriptions in <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/2015/01/18/kai-yuan-tong-bao-clay-mould/" data-type="URL" data-id="http://primaltrek.com/blog/2015/01/18/kai-yuan-tong-bao-clay-mould/" target="_blank">coin moulds</a>.</p> <p>It appears that after making the mould, no one noticed or cared about the error and coins were cast. It is likely that very few coins were produced from this one mould and, as far as is known, this is the only specimen to have survived to the present time.</p> <p>The owner of the coin even speculates that this may be the earliest specimen of any Chinese coin having such a clerical error to have been discovered.</p> <p>The coins described above are just a few of the more interesting and unusual examples of coins based on the Tang dynasty <em>kai yuan tong bao</em> to have been discovered.</p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> </div> </div> <div id="comments"> <div class="comments_intro"><span class="bracket">{</span> <span class="num_comments">1</span> comment… <a href="#commentform" rel="nofollow">add one</a> <span class="bracket">}</span></div> <ul class="comment_list"> <li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-45162"> <div class="comment_head"> <span class="avatar"><a href="https://www.roadtoparnassus.blogspot.com" rel="nofollow"><img alt='' src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2088%2088'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2b25b792b3c9440c9b18f2ea73ba9235?s=176&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-88 photo' height='88' width='88' decoding='async' data-lazy-src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2b25b792b3c9440c9b18f2ea73ba9235?s=88&d=mm&r=g"/><noscript><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2b25b792b3c9440c9b18f2ea73ba9235?s=88&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2b25b792b3c9440c9b18f2ea73ba9235?s=176&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-88 photo' height='88' width='88' decoding='async'/></noscript></a></span> <span class="comment_author"><a href="https://www.roadtoparnassus.blogspot.com" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Parnassus</a></span> <span class="comment_date">January 9, 2021, 2:55 am</span> </div> <div class="comment_text grt" id="comment-body-45162"> <p>I wonder if the kai yuan tong zhong (開元通重) coin could possibly be a counterfeit. Sometimes counterfeiters change the inscriptions or details slightly so that they can claim they are not copying actual money. Also this reminds me of the American Colonial Granby copper tokens. These were originally designated as three pence, which was then altered to “value me as you please” which possibly parallels the 通重 inscription.<br /> –Jim</p> </div> <div class="comment_footer"> <a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/2021/01/08/unusual-variations-of-the-kai-yuan-tong-bao-coin/?replytocom=45162#commentform" data-commentid="45162" data-postid="8606" data-belowelement="comment-body-45162" data-respondelement="commentform" data-replyto="Reply to Parnassus" aria-label="Reply to Parnassus">Reply</a> <a class="comment_permalink" href="#comment-45162" title="permalink to this comment" rel="nofollow">Link</a> </div> </li> </ul> <div id="commentform"> <form method="post" action="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-comments-post.php"> <a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/blog/2021/01/08/unusual-variations-of-the-kai-yuan-tong-bao-coin/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel reply</a> <p class="comment_form_title">Leave a Comment</p> <p id="comment_form_name"> <label for="author">Name <span class="required" title="Required">*</span></label> <input type="text" id="author" class="input_text" name="author" value="" tabindex="1" aria-required="true" /> </p> <p id="comment_form_email"> <label for="email">Email <span class="required" title="Required">*</span></label> <input type="text" id="email" class="input_text" name="email" value="" tabindex="2" aria-required="true" /> </p> <p id="comment_form_url"> <label for="url">Website</label> <input type="text" id="url" class="input_text" name="url" value="" tabindex="3" /> </p> <p id="comment_form_comment"> <label for="comment">Comment</label> <textarea name="comment" id="comment" class="input_text" tabindex="4" rows="6"></textarea> </p> <p class="comment-form-cookies-consent"> <input id="wp-comment-cookies-consent" name="wp-comment-cookies-consent" type="checkbox" value="yes" /> <label for="wp-comment-cookies-consent">Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.</label> </p> <p id="comment_form_submit"> <input type="submit" id="submit" class="input_submit" name="submit" tabindex="5" value="Submit" /> </p> <input type='hidden' name='comment_post_ID' value='8606' id='comment_post_ID' /> <input type='hidden' name='comment_parent' id='comment_parent' value='0' /> <p style="display: none;"><input type="hidden" id="akismet_comment_nonce" name="akismet_comment_nonce" value="b79c78f9cb" /></p><p style="display: none !important;" class="akismet-fields-container" data-prefix="ak_"><label>Δ<textarea name="ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_1" name="ak_js" value="155"/><script type="rocketlazyloadscript">document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );</script></p> </form> </div> </div> <div class="prev_next"> <p class="next_post">Next post: <a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/2021/01/14/chinese-villager-unearths-old-coin-while-digging-ancestral-grave/" rel="next">Chinese Villager Unearths ‘Old Coin’ While Digging Ancestral Grave</a></p> <p class="previous_post">Previous post: <a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/2020/12/22/turtle-shaped-coin-of-the-han-dynasty/" rel="prev">Turtle-Shaped Coin of the Han Dynasty</a></p> </div> </div> <div data-rocket-location-hash="d5bf9b362f33a4a86573fa136917f78d" class="sidebar"> <div class="widget widget_categories" id="categories-3"><p class="widget_title">Categories</p> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-3"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/category/chinese-charms/">Chinese charms</a> (45) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-12"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/category/chinese-chess-xiangqi/">Chinese chess (xiangqi)</a> (3) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-4"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/category/chinese-coins/">Chinese coins</a> (90) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-11"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/category/chinese-mirrors/">Chinese mirrors</a> (3) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-8"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/category/chinese-paper-money/">Chinese paper money</a> (3) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-16"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/category/horse-coins/">Horse coins</a> (3) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-10"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/category/japanese-charms/">Japanese charms</a> (3) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-17"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/category/japanese-coins/">Japanese coins</a> (1) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-9"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/category/korean-charms/">Korean charms</a> (2) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-14"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/category/silk-road-coins/">Silk Road coins</a> (2) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> (17) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-13"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/category/vietnamese-charms/">Vietnamese coins and charms</a> (2) </li> </ul> </div><div class="widget widget_archive" id="archives-3"><p class="widget_title">Archives</p> <ul> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2021/03/'>March 2021</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2021/02/'>February 2021</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2021/01/'>January 2021</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2020/12/'>December 2020</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2016/11/'>November 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2016/10/'>October 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2016/02/'>February 2016</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2016/01/'>January 2016</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2015/10/'>October 2015</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2015/09/'>September 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2015/08/'>August 2015</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2015/07/'>July 2015</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2015/06/'>June 2015</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2015/05/'>May 2015</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2015/04/'>April 2015</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2015/03/'>March 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2015/02/'>February 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2015/01/'>January 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2014/12/'>December 2014</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2014/11/'>November 2014</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/12/'>December 2013</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/11/'>November 2013</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/10/'>October 2013</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/09/'>September 2013</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/08/'>August 2013</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/07/'>July 2013</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/06/'>June 2013</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/05/'>May 2013</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/04/'>April 2013</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/03/'>March 2013</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/02/'>February 2013</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/01/'>January 2013</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2012/12/'>December 2012</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2012/11/'>November 2012</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2012/10/'>October 2012</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2012/09/'>September 2012</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2012/08/'>August 2012</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2012/07/'>July 2012</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2012/06/'>June 2012</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2012/05/'>May 2012</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2012/04/'>April 2012</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2012/03/'>March 2012</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2012/02/'>February 2012</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2012/01/'>January 2012</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/12/'>December 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/11/'>November 2011</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/10/'>October 2011</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/09/'>September 2011</a> (8)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/08/'>August 2011</a> (6)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/07/'>July 2011</a> (7)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/06/'>June 2011</a> (8)</li> <li><a href='https://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/05/'>May 2011</a> (16)</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div data-rocket-location-hash="027bee8e91fb0268a1da600109edaec3" class="footer"> </div> </div> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-type="text/javascript" data-rocket-src="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=6.7.1" id="comment-reply-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-type="text/javascript" id="rocket-browser-checker-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ "use strict";var _createClass=function(){function defineProperties(target,props){for(var i=0;i<props.length;i++){var descriptor=props[i];descriptor.enumerable=descriptor.enumerable||!1,descriptor.configurable=!0,"value"in descriptor&&(descriptor.writable=!0),Object.defineProperty(target,descriptor.key,descriptor)}}return function(Constructor,protoProps,staticProps){return protoProps&&defineProperties(Constructor.prototype,protoProps),staticProps&&defineProperties(Constructor,staticProps),Constructor}}();function _classCallCheck(instance,Constructor){if(!(instance instanceof Constructor))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}var RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker=function(){function RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker(options){_classCallCheck(this,RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker),this.passiveSupported=!1,this._checkPassiveOption(this),this.options=!!this.passiveSupported&&options}return _createClass(RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker,[{key:"_checkPassiveOption",value:function(self){try{var options={get passive(){return!(self.passiveSupported=!0)}};window.addEventListener("test",null,options),window.removeEventListener("test",null,options)}catch(err){self.passiveSupported=!1}}},{key:"initRequestIdleCallback",value:function(){!1 in window&&(window.requestIdleCallback=function(cb){var start=Date.now();return setTimeout(function(){cb({didTimeout:!1,timeRemaining:function(){return Math.max(0,50-(Date.now()-start))}})},1)}),!1 in window&&(window.cancelIdleCallback=function(id){return clearTimeout(id)})}},{key:"isDataSaverModeOn",value:function(){return"connection"in navigator&&!0===navigator.connection.saveData}},{key:"supportsLinkPrefetch",value:function(){var elem=document.createElement("link");return elem.relList&&elem.relList.supports&&elem.relList.supports("prefetch")&&window.IntersectionObserver&&"isIntersecting"in IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype}},{key:"isSlowConnection",value:function(){return"connection"in navigator&&"effectiveType"in navigator.connection&&("2g"===navigator.connection.effectiveType||"slow-2g"===navigator.connection.effectiveType)}}]),RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker}(); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="rocket-preload-links-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var RocketPreloadLinksConfig = {"excludeUris":"\/blog(\/(?:.+\/)?feed(?:\/(?:.+\/?)?)?$|\/(?:.+\/)?embed\/|\/(index.php\/)?(.*)wp-json(\/.*|$))|\/refer\/|\/go\/|\/recommend\/|\/recommends\/","usesTrailingSlash":"1","imageExt":"jpg|jpeg|gif|png|tiff|bmp|webp|avif|pdf|doc|docx|xls|xlsx|php","fileExt":"jpg|jpeg|gif|png|tiff|bmp|webp|avif|pdf|doc|docx|xls|xlsx|php|html|htm","siteUrl":"https:\/\/primaltrek.com\/blog","onHoverDelay":"100","rateThrottle":"3"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-type="text/javascript" id="rocket-preload-links-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ (function() { "use strict";var r="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(e){return typeof e}:function(e){return e&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&e.constructor===Symbol&&e!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof e},e=function(){function i(e,t){for(var n=0;n<t.length;n++){var i=t[n];i.enumerable=i.enumerable||!1,i.configurable=!0,"value"in i&&(i.writable=!0),Object.defineProperty(e,i.key,i)}}return function(e,t,n){return t&&i(e.prototype,t),n&&i(e,n),e}}();function i(e,t){if(!(e instanceof t))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}var t=function(){function n(e,t){i(this,n),this.browser=e,this.config=t,this.options=this.browser.options,this.prefetched=new Set,this.eventTime=null,this.threshold=1111,this.numOnHover=0}return e(n,[{key:"init",value:function(){!this.browser.supportsLinkPrefetch()||this.browser.isDataSaverModeOn()||this.browser.isSlowConnection()||(this.regex={excludeUris:RegExp(this.config.excludeUris,"i"),images:RegExp(".("+this.config.imageExt+")$","i"),fileExt:RegExp(".("+this.config.fileExt+")$","i")},this._initListeners(this))}},{key:"_initListeners",value:function(e){-1<this.config.onHoverDelay&&document.addEventListener("mouseover",e.listener.bind(e),e.listenerOptions),document.addEventListener("mousedown",e.listener.bind(e),e.listenerOptions),document.addEventListener("touchstart",e.listener.bind(e),e.listenerOptions)}},{key:"listener",value:function(e){var t=e.target.closest("a"),n=this._prepareUrl(t);if(null!==n)switch(e.type){case"mousedown":case"touchstart":this._addPrefetchLink(n);break;case"mouseover":this._earlyPrefetch(t,n,"mouseout")}}},{key:"_earlyPrefetch",value:function(t,e,n){var i=this,r=setTimeout(function(){if(r=null,0===i.numOnHover)setTimeout(function(){return i.numOnHover=0},1e3);else if(i.numOnHover>i.config.rateThrottle)return;i.numOnHover++,i._addPrefetchLink(e)},this.config.onHoverDelay);t.addEventListener(n,function e(){t.removeEventListener(n,e,{passive:!0}),null!==r&&(clearTimeout(r),r=null)},{passive:!0})}},{key:"_addPrefetchLink",value:function(i){return this.prefetched.add(i.href),new Promise(function(e,t){var n=document.createElement("link");n.rel="prefetch",n.href=i.href,n.onload=e,n.onerror=t,document.head.appendChild(n)}).catch(function(){})}},{key:"_prepareUrl",value:function(e){if(null===e||"object"!==(void 0===e?"undefined":r(e))||!1 in e||-1===["http:","https:"].indexOf(e.protocol))return null;var t=e.href.substring(0,this.config.siteUrl.length),n=this._getPathname(e.href,t),i={original:e.href,protocol:e.protocol,origin:t,pathname:n,href:t+n};return this._isLinkOk(i)?i:null}},{key:"_getPathname",value:function(e,t){var n=t?e.substring(this.config.siteUrl.length):e;return n.startsWith("/")||(n="/"+n),this._shouldAddTrailingSlash(n)?n+"/":n}},{key:"_shouldAddTrailingSlash",value:function(e){return this.config.usesTrailingSlash&&!e.endsWith("/")&&!this.regex.fileExt.test(e)}},{key:"_isLinkOk",value:function(e){return null!==e&&"object"===(void 0===e?"undefined":r(e))&&(!this.prefetched.has(e.href)&&e.origin===this.config.siteUrl&&-1===e.href.indexOf("?")&&-1===e.href.indexOf("#")&&!this.regex.excludeUris.test(e.href)&&!this.regex.images.test(e.href))}}],[{key:"run",value:function(){"undefined"!=typeof RocketPreloadLinksConfig&&new n(new RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker({capture:!0,passive:!0}),RocketPreloadLinksConfig).init()}}]),n}();t.run(); }()); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" defer data-rocket-type="text/javascript" data-rocket-src="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/plugins/akismet/_inc/akismet-frontend.js?ver=1721179181" id="akismet-frontend-js"></script> <script>window.lazyLoadOptions=[{elements_selector:"img[data-lazy-src],.rocket-lazyload",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,callback_loaded:function(element){if(element.tagName==="IFRAME"&&element.dataset.rocketLazyload=="fitvidscompatible"){if(element.classList.contains("lazyloaded")){if(typeof window.jQuery!="undefined"){if(jQuery.fn.fitVids){jQuery(element).parent().fitVids()}}}}}},{elements_selector:".rocket-lazyload",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,}];window.addEventListener('LazyLoad::Initialized',function(e){var lazyLoadInstance=e.detail.instance;if(window.MutationObserver){var observer=new MutationObserver(function(mutations){var image_count=0;var iframe_count=0;var rocketlazy_count=0;mutations.forEach(function(mutation){for(var i=0;i<mutation.addedNodes.length;i++){if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName!=='function'){continue} if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName!=='function'){continue} images=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('img');is_image=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IMG";iframes=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('iframe');is_iframe=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IFRAME";rocket_lazy=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName('rocket-lazyload');image_count+=images.length;iframe_count+=iframes.length;rocketlazy_count+=rocket_lazy.length;if(is_image){image_count+=1} if(is_iframe){iframe_count+=1}}});if(image_count>0||iframe_count>0||rocketlazy_count>0){lazyLoadInstance.update()}});var b=document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0];var config={childList:!0,subtree:!0};observer.observe(b,config)}},!1)</script><script data-no-minify="1" async src="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/plugins/wp-rocket/assets/js/lazyload/17.8.3/lazyload.min.js"></script><script type="rocketlazyloadscript">(function(d,g){d[g]||(d[g]=function(g){return this.querySelectorAll("."+g)},Element.prototype[g]=d[g])})(document,"getElementsByClassName");(function(){var classes = document.getElementsByClassName('menu_control');for (i = 0; i < classes.length; i++) {classes[i].onclick = function() {var menu = this.nextElementSibling;if (/show_menu/.test(menu.className))menu.className = menu.className.replace('show_menu', '').trim();else menu.className += ' show_menu';if (/menu_control_triggered/.test(this.className))this.className = this.className.replace('menu_control_triggered', '').trim();else this.className += ' menu_control_triggered';};}})();</script> <script>var rocket_beacon_data = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/primaltrek.com\/blog\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"bbed054cb1","url":"https:\/\/primaltrek.com\/blog\/2021\/01\/08\/unusual-variations-of-the-kai-yuan-tong-bao-coin","is_mobile":false,"width_threshold":1600,"height_threshold":700,"delay":500,"debug":null,"status":{"atf":true,"lrc":true},"elements":"img, video, picture, p, main, div, li, svg, section, header, span","lrc_threshold":1800}</script><script data-name="wpr-wpr-beacon" src='https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-content/plugins/wp-rocket/assets/js/wpr-beacon.min.js' async></script></body> </html>