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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>First film screenings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_film_screenings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_colour_photography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_colour_photography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Early colour photography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_colour_photography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_systems_that_preceded_the_Cinématographe_Lumière" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_systems_that_preceded_the_Cinématographe_Lumière"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Film systems that preceded the Cinématographe Lumière</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_systems_that_preceded_the_Cinématographe_Lumière-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_en_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste en Louis Lumière – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Auguste en Louis Lumière" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="الإخوة لوميير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإخوة لوميير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermanos_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Hermanos Lumière – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hermanos Lumière" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCmyer_qarda%C5%9Flar%C4%B1" title="Lümyer qardaşları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lümyer qardaşları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0" title="ওগ্যুস্ত ও লুই ল্যুমিয়ের – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওগ্যুস্ত ও লুই ল্যুমিয়ের" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8re_Hia%E2%81%BF-t%C4%AB" title="Lumière Hiaⁿ-tī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lumière Hiaⁿ-tī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B-%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ағалы-энеле Люмьерҙар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ағалы-энеле Люмьерҙар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BC%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Браты Люм’ер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Браты Люм’ер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BC%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Браты Люм’ер – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Браты Люм’ер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8F_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Братя Люмиер – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Братя Люмиер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="ལུ་མེ་ཨེར་གཅེན་གཅུང་། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལུ་མེ་ཨེར་གཅེན་གཅུང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bra%C4%87a_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Braća Lumière – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Braća Lumière" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germans_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Germans Lumière – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Germans Lumière" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%82%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Люмьер тăвансем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Люмьер тăвансем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_a_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8rov%C3%A9" title="Auguste a Louis Lumièrové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Auguste a Louis Lumièrové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8drene_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Brødrene Lumière – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brødrene Lumière" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%BCder_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Brüder Lumière – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brüder Lumière" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_ja_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste ja Louis Lumière – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Auguste ja Louis Lumière" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A9%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AF_%CE%9B%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%AD%CF%81" title="Ωγκύστ και Λουί Λυμιέρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ωγκύστ και Λουί Λυμιέρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermanos_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Hermanos Lumière – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hermanos Lumière" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fratoj_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Fratoj Lumière – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fratoj Lumière" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Lumière – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lumière" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="برادران لومیر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برادران لومیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_et_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste et Louis Lumière – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Auguste et Louis Lumière" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dearth%C3%A1ireacha_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Deartháireacha Lumière – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Deartháireacha Lumière" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_e_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste e Louis Lumière – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Auguste e Louis Lumière" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A4%BC%EB%AF%B8%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B4_%ED%98%95%EC%A0%9C" title="뤼미에르 형제 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뤼미에르 형제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Լյումիեր եղբայրներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լյումիեր եղբայրներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bra%C4%87a_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Braća Lumière – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Braća Lumière" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8re_Bersaudara" title="Lumière Bersaudara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lumière Bersaudara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8re-br%C3%A6%C3%B0ur" title="Lumière-bræður – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lumière-bræður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_e_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste e Louis Lumière – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Auguste e Louis Lumière" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8" title="האחים לומייר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האחים לומייר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_n%C9%9B_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste nɛ Louis Lumière – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Auguste nɛ Louis Lumière" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಆಗಸ್ಟೆ ಮತ್ತು ಲೂಯಿಸ್ ಲುಮಿಯೆರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಗಸ್ಟೆ ಮತ್ತು ಲೂಯಿಸ್ ಲುಮಿಯೆರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ძმები ლუმიერები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძმები ლუმიერები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ағайынды Люмьер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ағайынды Люмьер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_ha_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste ha Louis Lumière – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Auguste ha Louis Lumière" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fratres_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Fratres Lumière – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fratres Lumière" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogists_un_Lu%C4%AB_Limj%C4%93ri" title="Ogists un Luī Limjēri – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ogists un Luī Limjēri" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broliai_Liumjerai" title="Broliai Liumjerai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Broliai Liumjerai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_%C3%A9s_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste és Louis Lumière – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Auguste és Louis Lumière" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9C%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Браќа Лимиер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Браќа Лимиер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste and Louis Lumière – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Auguste and Louis Lumière" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC" title="ലൂമിയേ സഹോദരന്മാർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലൂമിയേ സഹോദരന്മാർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%88_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%89_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="اوجوست و لوى لوميير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوجوست و لوى لوميير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8re_Bersaudara" title="Lumière Bersaudara – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lumière Bersaudara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_i_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste i Louis Lumière – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Auguste i Louis Lumière" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebroeders_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Gebroeders Lumière – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gebroeders Lumière" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A5%E3%83%9F%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F" title="リュミエール兄弟 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リュミエール兄弟" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8drene_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Brødrene Lumière – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brødrene Lumière" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracia_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Bracia Lumière – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bracia Lumière" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_e_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste e Louis Lumière – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Auguste e Louis Lumière" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCmyer_qarda%C5%9Flar%C4%B1" title="Lümyer qardaşları – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Lümyer qardaşları" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_%C8%99i_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste și Louis Lumière – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Auguste și Louis Lumière" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8re_wawqikuna" title="Lumière wawqikuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Lumière wawqikuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Братья Люмьер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Братья Люмьер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ABllez%C3%ABrit_Lumier" title="Vëllezërit Lumier – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vëllezërit Lumier" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_e_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste e Louis Lumière – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Auguste e Louis Lumière" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste and Louis Lumière – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Auguste and Louis Lumière" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratia_Lumi%C3%A8rovci" title="Bratia Lumièrovci – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bratia Lumièrovci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brata_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Brata Lumière – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Brata Lumière" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%8E%D8%B1" title="برایانی لومیێر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="برایانی لومیێر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9B%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Браћа Лимијер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Браћа Лимијер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bra%C4%87a_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Braća Lumière – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Braća Lumière" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8ren_veljekset" title="Lumièren veljekset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lumièren veljekset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_och_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste och Louis Lumière – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Auguste och Louis Lumière" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="லூமியேர் சகோதரர்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லூமியேர் சகோதரர்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_ve_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste ve Louis Lumière – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Auguste ve Louis Lumière" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BC%27%D1%94%D1%80" title="Брати Люм'єр – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Брати Люм'єр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%BA" title="اوگوست اور لوئی لومیئغ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اوگوست اور لوئی لومیئغ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_v%C3%A0_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste và Louis Lumière – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Auguste và Louis Lumière" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_ngan_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste ngan Louis Lumière – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Auguste ngan Louis Lumière" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E7%B1%B3%E5%9F%83%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F" title="卢米埃兄弟 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卢米埃兄弟" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumiere%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F" title="Lumiere兄弟 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Lumiere兄弟" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E7%B1%B3%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F" title="卢米埃尔兄弟 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卢米埃尔兄弟" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q55965#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Augustus and Louis Lumière</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fratelli_Lumiere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Fratelli_Lumiere.jpg/220px-Fratelli_Lumiere.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Fratelli_Lumiere.jpg/330px-Fratelli_Lumiere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Fratelli_Lumiere.jpg/440px-Fratelli_Lumiere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="930" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Auguste (left) and Louis</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/New_Guilloti%C3%A8re_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="New Guillotière Cemetery">New Guillotière Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/La_Martiniere_Lyon" class="mw-redirect" title="La Martiniere Lyon">La Martiniere Lyon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filmmaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Filmmaker">Filmmakers</a></li><li>inventors</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Cresson_Medal" title="Elliott Cresson Medal">Elliott Cresson Medal</a> (1909)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Auguste Lumière <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas Lumière</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1862-10-19</span>)</span>19 October 1862<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">10 April 1954<span style="display:none">(1954-04-10)</span> (aged 91)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Louis Lumière <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Louis Francis Patrick Jean Lumière</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1864-10-05</span>)</span>5 October 1864<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">6 June 1948<span style="display:none">(1948-06-06)</span> (aged 83)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Bandol" title="Bandol">Bandol</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Lumière brothers</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ɛər/: 'are' in 'bare'">ɛər</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɛər/: 'are' in 'bare'">ɛər</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[lymjɛːʁ]</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste Lumière">Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas Lumière</a> (19 October 1862 – 10 April 1954) and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Louis Lumière">Louis Jean Lumière</a> (5 October 1864 – 6 June 1948),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were French manufacturers of <a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">photography</a> equipment, best known for their <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Cinematograph" title="Cinematograph">Cinématographe</a></i></span></i> motion picture system and the short films they produced between 1895 and 1905, which places them among the earliest filmmakers. </p><p>Their screening of a single film on 22 March 1895 for around 200 members of the <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_d%27encouragement_pour_l%27industrie_nationale" title="Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale">Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale</a> (Society for the Development of the National Industry) in Paris was probably the first presentation of <a href="/wiki/Movie_projector" title="Movie projector">projected film</a>. Their first commercial <a href="/wiki/Public_screening" class="mw-redirect" title="Public screening">public screening</a> on 28 December 1895 for around 40 paying visitors and invited relations has traditionally been regarded as the <a href="/wiki/History_of_film" title="History of film">birth of cinema</a>. Either the techniques or the business models of earlier filmmakers proved to be less viable than the breakthrough presentations of the Lumières. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Lumière brothers were born in <a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a>, France, to Charles-Antoine Lumière (1840–1911)<sup id="cite_ref-vc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Jeanne Joséphine Costille Lumière, who were married in 1861 and moved to Besançon, setting up a small photographic portrait studio. Here were born Auguste, Louis and their daughter Jeanne. They moved to <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> in 1870, where their two other daughters were born: Mélina and Francine. Auguste and Louis both attended <a href="/wiki/La_Martiniere_Lyon" class="mw-redirect" title="La Martiniere Lyon">La Martiniere</a>, the largest technical school in Lyon.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They patented several significant processes leading up to their film camera, most notably <a href="/wiki/Film_perforations" title="Film perforations">film perforations</a> (originally implemented by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Reynaud" title="Émile Reynaud">Émile Reynaud</a>) as a means of advancing the film through the camera and projector. The original <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9matographe" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinématographe">cinématographe</a></i></span> had been patented by <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Guillaume_Bouly" class="mw-redirect" title="Léon Guillaume Bouly">Léon Guillaume Bouly</a> on 12 February 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">cinématographe</i></span> — a three-in-one device that could record, develop, and project <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">motion pictures</a> — was further developed by the Lumières.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The brothers patented their own version on 13 February 1895.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The date of the recording of their first film is in dispute. In an interview with <a href="/wiki/Georges_Sadoul" title="Georges Sadoul">Georges Sadoul</a> given in 1948, Louis claimed that he shot the film in August 1894 – before the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Kinetoscope" title="Kinetoscope">kinetoscope</a> in France. This is questioned by historians, who consider that a functional Lumière camera did not exist before the beginning of 1895.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lumière brothers saw film as a novelty and had withdrawn from the film business by 1905. They went on to develop the first practical photographic colour process, the <a href="/wiki/Autochrome_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Autochrome Lumière">Lumière Autochrome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Louis died on 6 June 1948 and Auguste on 10 April 1954. They are buried in a family tomb in the <a href="/wiki/Guilloti%C3%A8re_Cemetery" title="Guillotière Cemetery">New Guillotière Cemetery</a> in Lyon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_film_screenings">First film screenings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First film screenings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cin%C3%A9matographe_Lumi%C3%A8re_(1896)_poster,_by_Henri_Brispot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cin%C3%A9matographe_Lumi%C3%A8re_%281896%29_poster%2C_by_Henri_Brispot.jpg/220px-Cin%C3%A9matographe_Lumi%C3%A8re_%281896%29_poster%2C_by_Henri_Brispot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cin%C3%A9matographe_Lumi%C3%A8re_%281896%29_poster%2C_by_Henri_Brispot.jpg/330px-Cin%C3%A9matographe_Lumi%C3%A8re_%281896%29_poster%2C_by_Henri_Brispot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cin%C3%A9matographe_Lumi%C3%A8re_%281896%29_poster%2C_by_Henri_Brispot.jpg/440px-Cin%C3%A9matographe_Lumi%C3%A8re_%281896%29_poster%2C_by_Henri_Brispot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1415" /></a><figcaption>Poster for the first ever public screening of a film, by Henri Brispot, 1896</figcaption></figure> <p>On 22 March 1895 in Paris, at the Society for the Development of the National Industry, in front of a small audience, one of whom was said to be <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Gaumont" title="Léon Gaumont">Léon Gaumont</a>, then director of the company <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Comptoir Géneral de la Photographie</span></span>, the Lumières privately screened a single film, <i><a href="/wiki/Workers_Leaving_the_Lumi%C3%A8re_Factory" title="Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory">Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory</a></i>. The main focus of the conference by Louis concerned the recent developments in the photographic industry, mainly the research on <a href="/wiki/Polychromy" class="mw-redirect" title="Polychromy">polychromy</a> (colour photography). It was much to Lumière's surprise that the moving black-and-white images retained more attention than the coloured stills.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChardèreBorgéBorgé198571_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChardèreBorgéBorgé198571-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lumières gave their first paid public screening on 28 December 1895, at <a href="/wiki/Salon_Indien_du_Grand_Caf%C3%A9" title="Salon Indien du Grand Café">Salon Indien du Grand Café</a> in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This presentation consisted of the following 10 short films:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/La_Sortie_de_l%27usine_Lumi%C3%A8re_%C3%A0_Lyon" class="mw-redirect" title="La Sortie de l'usine Lumière à Lyon">La Sortie de l'usine Lumière à Lyon</a></i></span></i> (literally, "the exit from the Lumière factory in Lyon", or, under its more common English title, <i>Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory</i>), 46 seconds</li> <li><i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Jardinier</i></span> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/L%27Arroseur_Arros%C3%A9" title="L'Arroseur Arrosé">L'Arroseur Arrosé</a></i></span>)</i> (<i>The Gardener</i>, or <i>The Sprinkler Sprinkled</i>), 49 seconds</li> <li><i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Le_D%C3%A9barquement_du_congr%C3%A8s_de_photographie_%C3%A0_Lyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Débarquement du congrès de photographie à Lyon">Le Débarquement du congrès de photographie à Lyon</a></i></span></i> (<i>The Photographical Congress Arrives in Lyon</i>), 48 seconds</li> <li><i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/La_Voltige" title="La Voltige">La Voltige</a></i></span></i> (<i>Horse Trick Riders</i>), 46 seconds</li> <li><i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/La_P%C3%AAche_aux_poissons_rouges" title="La Pêche aux poissons rouges">La Pêche aux poissons rouges</a></i></span></i> ("fishing for goldfish"), 42 seconds</li> <li><i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Les_Forgerons" title="Les Forgerons">Les Forgerons</a></i></span></i> (<i>The Blacksmiths</i>), 49 seconds</li> <li><i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Repas_de_b%C3%A9b%C3%A9" title="Repas de bébé">Repas de bébé</a></i></span></i> (<i>Baby's Breakfast</i> (lit. "baby's meal")), 41 seconds</li> <li><i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Le_Saut_%C3%A0_la_couverture" title="Le Saut à la couverture">Le Saut à la couverture</a></i></span></i> ("Jumping Onto the Blanket"), 41 seconds</li> <li><i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Place_des_Cordeliers_%C3%A0_Lyon" title="Place des Cordeliers à Lyon">Place des Cordeliers à Lyon</a></i></span></i> (<i>Cordeliers' Square in Lyon</i>), 44 seconds</li> <li><i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/La_Mer_(film)" title="La Mer (film)">La Mer</a></i></span></i> (<i>The Sea</i>), 38 seconds</li></ol> <p>Each film was up to 17 m (56 ft) long, which, when hand cranked through a projector, runs approximately 50 seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lumières went on tour with the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">cinématographe</i></span> in 1896, visiting places like <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1896, only a few months after the initial screenings in Europe, films by the Lumiere Brothers were shown in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, first in the Tousson stock exchange in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> on 5 November 1896 and then in the Hamam Schneider (Schneider Bath) in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_colour_photography">Early colour photography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early colour photography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LumiereAlgerijnen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LumiereAlgerijnen.jpg/220px-LumiereAlgerijnen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LumiereAlgerijnen.jpg/330px-LumiereAlgerijnen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LumiereAlgerijnen.jpg/440px-LumiereAlgerijnen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="855" /></a><figcaption>Autochrome colour picture by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Tournassoud" title="Jean-Baptiste Tournassoud">Jean-Baptiste Tournassoud</a> of North-African soldiers, Pas-de-Calais, France, 1915.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Autochrome_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Autochrome Lumière">Autochrome Lumière</a></div> <p>The brothers stated that "the <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">cinema</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Invention" title="Invention">invention</a> without any future" and declined to sell their camera to other filmmakers such as <a href="/wiki/Georges_M%C3%A9li%C3%A8s" title="Georges Méliès">Georges Méliès</a>. This made many film makers upset. Consequently, their role in the history of film was exceedingly brief. In parallel with their cinema work they experimented with colour photography. They worked on colour photographic processes in the 1890s including the Lippmann process (interference heliochromy) and their own 'bichromated glue' process,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a subtractive colour process, examples of which were exhibited at the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1900. This last process was commercialised by the Lumieres but commercial success had to wait for their next colour process. In 1903 they patented a colour photographic process, the <i><a href="/wiki/Autochrome_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Autochrome Lumière">Autochrome Lumière</a></i>, which was launched on the market in 1907.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELavédrineGandolfo201370_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELavédrineGandolfo201370-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout much of the 20th century, the Lumière company was a major producer of photographic products in Europe, but the brand name, Lumière, disappeared from the marketplace following merger with <a href="/wiki/Ilford_Photo" title="Ilford Photo">Ilford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_systems_that_preceded_the_Cinématographe_Lumière"><span id="Film_systems_that_preceded_the_Cin.C3.A9matographe_Lumi.C3.A8re"></span>Film systems that preceded the Cinématographe Lumière</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Film systems that preceded the Cinématographe Lumière"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Special:EditPage/Auguste and Louis Lumière">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Auguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re%22">"Auguste and Louis Lumière"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Auguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Auguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Auguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Auguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Auguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_film_technology" title="History of film technology">History of film technology</a></div> <p>Earlier moving images, for instance those of the <a href="/wiki/Phantasmagoria" title="Phantasmagoria">phantasmagoria</a> shows, the <a href="/wiki/Phenakistiscope" title="Phenakistiscope">phénakisticope</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Zoetrope" title="Zoetrope">zoetrope</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Reynaud" title="Émile Reynaud">Émile Reynaud</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Optique" title="Théâtre Optique">Théâtre Optique</a> consisted of hand-drawn images. A system that could record photographic reality in motion, in a fashion much like it is seen by the eyes, had a greater impact on people. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Eadweard_Muybridge" title="Eadweard Muybridge">Eadweard Muybridge</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Zoopraxiscope" title="Zoopraxiscope">Zoopraxiscope</a> projected moving painted silhouettes based on his <a href="/wiki/Chronophotography" title="Chronophotography">chronophotographic work</a>. The only Zoopraxiscope disc with actual photographs was made as an early form of <a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">stop motion</a>. </p><p>Less-known predecessors, such as <a href="/wiki/Jules_Duboscq" title="Jules Duboscq">Jules Duboscq</a>'s Bioscope (patented in 1852) were not developed to project the moving images. </p><p>A Polish inventor <a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Pr%C3%B3szy%C5%84ski" title="Kazimierz Prószyński">Kazimierz Prószyński</a> built his camera and projecting device, called <a href="/wiki/Pleograph" title="Pleograph">Pleograph</a>, in 1894, before those made by the <a href="/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8re_brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumière brothers">Lumière brothers</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Louis_Le_Prince" title="Louis Le Prince">Le Prince</a> went missing in 1890, before he got around to give public demonstrations of the patented cameras and projectors he had been developing during the previous years. His short film known as <i><a href="/wiki/Roundhay_Garden_Scene" title="Roundhay Garden Scene">Roundhay Garden Scene</a></i> (1888) has later come to be regarded as the oldest film. </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Friese-Greene" title="William Friese-Greene">William Friese-Greene</a> patented a "machine camera" in 1889, which embodied many aspects of later film cameras. He displayed the results at photographic societies in 1890 and developed further cameras but did not publicly project the results.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ottomar_Ansch%C3%BCtz" title="Ottomar Anschütz">Ottomar Anschütz</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Electrotachyscope" title="Electrotachyscope">Electrotachyscope</a> projected very short loops of high photographic quality. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a> believed projection of films wasn't as viable a business model as offering the films in the "peepshow" <a href="/wiki/Kinetoscope" title="Kinetoscope">kinetoscope</a> device. Watching the images on the screen turned out to be much preferred by audiences. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Kinetoscope" title="Kinetoscope">Kinetoscope</a> (developed by <a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_Dickson" title="William Kennedy Dickson">William Kennedy Dickson</a>), premiered publicly in 1894.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lauste and Latham's <a href="/wiki/Eidoloscope" title="Eidoloscope">Eidoloscope</a> was demonstrated for members of the press on 21 April 1895, and opened to the paying public on Broadway on 20 May.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They shot films up to twenty minutes long at speeds over thirty frames per second and showed them in many US cities.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Eidoloscope Company was dissolved in 1896 after various internal disputes. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Max_Skladanowsky" title="Max Skladanowsky">Max and Emil Skladanowsky</a>, inventors of the <a href="/wiki/Bioscop" title="Bioscop">Bioscop</a>, had offered projected moving images to a paying public in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> from 1 November 1895 until the end of the month. Their machinery was relatively cumbersome and their films much shorter than those of the Lumière brothers. The Skladnowskys' booked screenings in Paris were cancelled after the news of the Lumière show. Nonetheless, they toured their films to other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lumi%C3%A8re_House_Lyon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Lumi%C3%A8re_House_Lyon.jpg/170px-Lumi%C3%A8re_House_Lyon.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Lumi%C3%A8re_House_Lyon.jpg/255px-Lumi%C3%A8re_House_Lyon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Lumi%C3%A8re_House_Lyon.jpg/340px-Lumi%C3%A8re_House_Lyon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="1138" /></a><figcaption>Their father's house in <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> houses the <a href="/wiki/Institut_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Institut Lumière">Institut Lumière</a> museum.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste Lumière">Auguste Lumière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Louis Lumière">Louis Lumière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Institut Lumière">Institut Lumière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_in_film" title="1895 in film">1895 in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_in_film" title="1896 in film">1896 in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_century_in_film" title="19th century in film">19th century in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_film" title="History of film">History of film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Id%C3%A9al_Cin%C3%A9ma_Jacques_Tati" title="L'Idéal Cinéma Jacques Tati">L'Idéal Cinéma Jacques Tati</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aniche" title="Aniche">Aniche</a> the oldest still-active cinéma in the world, though not continuously, since 23 November 1905.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Louis_Botinelly" title="List of works by Louis Botinelly">List of works by Louis Botinelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Ambroise-Courtois" title="Place Ambroise-Courtois">Place Ambroise-Courtois</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1948/06/07/archives/louis-luriiiere-83-a-screen-pioneer-credited-in-france-with-thet-in.html">"Louis Lumière, 83, A Screen Pioneer. Credited in France With The Invention of Motion Picture"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 7 June 1948<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re%2C+83%2C+A+Screen+Pioneer.+Credited+in+France+With+The+Invention+of+Motion+Picture.&rft.date=1948-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1948%2F06%2F07%2Farchives%2Flouis-luriiiere-83-a-screen-pioneer-credited-in-france-with-thet-in.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090114084142/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,854930,00.html">"Died"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. 14 June 1948. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,854930,00.html">the original</a> on 14 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2008</span>. <q>Louis Lumière, 83, wealthy motion-picture and colour-photography pioneer, whom (with his brother Auguste) Europeans generally credit with inventing the cinema; of a heart ailment; in Bandol, France.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Died.&rft.date=1948-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C854930%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vc-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vc_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorian-cinema.net/antoinelumiere">"Charles Antoine Lumière"</a>. <i>Who's Who of Victorian Cinema</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Who%27s+Who+of+Victorian+Cinema&rft.atitle=Charles+Antoine+Lumi%C3%A8re&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.victorian-cinema.net%2Fantoinelumiere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGina_De_Angelis2003" class="citation book cs1">Gina De Angelis (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/motionpicturesma0000dean"><i>Motion Pictures</i></a>. The Oliver Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-881508-78-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-881508-78-6"><bdi>978-1-881508-78-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Motion+Pictures&rft.pub=The+Oliver+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-881508-78-6&rft.au=Gina+De+Angelis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmotionpicturesma0000dean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cinematographes.free.fr/bouly-219350.html">"Brevet FR 219.350"</a>. Cinematographes. Retrieved 13 November 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chardère 1987, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cinematographes.free.fr/lumiere-245032.html">"Brevet FR 245.032"</a>. Cinematographes. Retrieved 12 November 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMannoni2000" class="citation book cs1">Mannoni, Laurent (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44562210"><i>The great art of light and shadow : archaeology of the cinema</i></a>. Richard Crangle. Exeter, Devon: University of Exeter Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85989-665-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-85989-665-X"><bdi>0-85989-665-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/44562210">44562210</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+great+art+of+light+and+shadow+%3A+archaeology+of+the+cinema&rft.place=Exeter%2C+Devon&rft.pub=University+of+Exeter+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F44562210&rft.isbn=0-85989-665-X&rft.aulast=Mannoni&rft.aufirst=Laurent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F44562210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Universalis&rft.atitle=Pr%C3%A9sentation+Du+Cin%C3%A9matographe+Lumi%C3%A8re&rft.date=2002-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.universalis.fr%2Fencyclopedie%2Fpresentation-du-cinematographe-lumiere%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050912104656/http://www.institut-lumiere.org/francais/films/1seance/accueil.html">"Bienvenue sur Adobe GoLive 4"</a>. Institut-lumiere.org, 12 September 2005. Retrieved 16 August 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.institut-lumiere.org/francais/films/1seance/accueil.html">"La première séance publique payante", Institut Lumière</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050912104656/http://www.institut-lumiere.org/francais/films/1seance/accueil.html">Archived</a> 12 September 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://film110.pbworks.com/w/page/12610310/The%20Lumi%C3%A8re%20Brothers">"The Lumière Brothers"</a>. <i>film110</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=film110&rft.atitle=The+Lumi%C3%A8re+Brothers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffilm110.pbworks.com%2Fw%2Fpage%2F12610310%2FThe%2520Lumi%25C3%25A8re%2520Brothers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossell1995" class="citation journal cs1">Rossell, Deac (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3815166">"A Chronology of Cinema, 1889–1896"</a>. <i>Film History</i>. <b>7</b> (2): 115–236. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0892-2160">0892-2160</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3815166">3815166</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Film+History&rft.atitle=A+Chronology+of+Cinema%2C+1889%E2%80%931896&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=115-236&rft.date=1995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3815166%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0892-2160&rft.aulast=Rossell&rft.aufirst=Deac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3815166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeaman2003" class="citation book cs1">Leaman, Oliver (16 December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LmSFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA23"><i>Companion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134662524" title="Special:BookSources/9781134662524"><bdi>9781134662524</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Companion+Encyclopedia+of+Middle+Eastern+and+North+African+Film&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003-12-16&rft.isbn=9781134662524&rft.aulast=Leaman&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLmSFAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bibalex.org/alexcinema/historical/beginnings.html">"Alexandria, Why? (The Beginnings of the Cinema Industry in Alexandria)"</a>. Bibliotheca Alexandrina's AlexCinema.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alexandria%2C+Why%3F+%28The+Beginnings+of+the+Cinema+Industry+in+Alexandria%29&rft.pub=Bibliotheca+Alexandrina%27s+AlexCinema&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bibalex.org%2Falexcinema%2Fhistorical%2Fbeginnings.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ignomini.com/photographica/stereophotovintage/Trichrome/Lumiere_Trichrome.html">"Lumiere Trichrome"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190911212425/http://ignomini.com/photographica/stereophotovintage/Trichrome/Lumiere_Trichrome.html">Archived</a> 11 September 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. ignomini.com. Retrieved 2 January 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELavédrineGandolfo201370-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELavédrineGandolfo201370_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLavédrineGandolfo2013">Lavédrine & Gandolfo 2013</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdx.rhonealpes.fr/sdx/sribzh/main.xsp?execute=show_document&id=MERIMEEIA69000030">"City of Lyon Document"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130213145224/http://sdx.rhonealpes.fr/sdx/sribzh/main.xsp?execute=show_document&id=MERIMEEIA69000030">Archived</a> 13 February 2013 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>. sdx.rhonealpes.fr. Retrieved 2 January 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/features/origins-cinema-early-inventors-pioneers">"In the beginning: cinema's murky origin story"</a>. <i>BFI</i>. 27 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BFI&rft.atitle=In+the+beginning%3A+cinema%27s+murky+origin+story&rft.date=2021-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfi.org.uk%2Fsight-and-sound%2Ffeatures%2Forigins-cinema-early-inventors-pioneers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorian-cinema.net/friesegreene">"William Friese-Greene"</a>. <i>www.victorian-cinema.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.victorian-cinema.net&rft.atitle=William+Friese-Greene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.victorian-cinema.net%2Ffriesegreene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorian-cinema.net/when_chrono">"Chronology of Film Shows pre-1896"</a>. <i>www.victorian-cinema.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.victorian-cinema.net&rft.atitle=Chronology+of+Film+Shows+pre-1896&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.victorian-cinema.net%2Fwhen_chrono&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStreible2008" class="citation book cs1">Streible, Dan (11 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bpc1fk5T5dYC&pg=PA46"><i>Fight Pictures: A History of Boxing and Early Cinema</i></a>. University of California Press. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520940581" title="Special:BookSources/9780520940581"><bdi>9780520940581</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fight+Pictures%3A+A+History+of+Boxing+and+Early+Cinema&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2008-04-11&rft.isbn=9780520940581&rft.aulast=Streible&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBpc1fk5T5dYC%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChardèreBorgéBorgé1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chardère, B.; Borgé, G.; Borgé, M. (1985). <i>Les Lumières</i> (in French). Paris: Bibliothèque des Arts. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-85047-068-6" title="Special:BookSources/2-85047-068-6"><bdi>2-85047-068-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Lumi%C3%A8res&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Biblioth%C3%A8que+des+Arts&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=2-85047-068-6&rft.aulast=Chard%C3%A8re&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Borg%C3%A9%2C+G.&rft.au=Borg%C3%A9%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLavédrineGandolfo2013" class="citation book cs1">Lavédrine, Bertrand; Gandolfo, Jean-Paul (15 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=30gkBAAAQBAJ"><i>The Lumiere Autochrome: History, Technology, and Preservation</i></a>. Getty Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60606-125-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60606-125-1"><bdi>978-1-60606-125-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lumiere+Autochrome%3A+History%2C+Technology%2C+and+Preservation&rft.pub=Getty+Publications&rft.date=2013-12-15&rft.isbn=978-1-60606-125-1&rft.aulast=Lav%C3%A9drine&rft.aufirst=Bertrand&rft.au=Gandolfo%2C+Jean-Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D30gkBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chardère, B. <i>Les images des Lumière</i> (in French). Paris: Gallimard, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-07-011462-7" title="Special:BookSources/2-07-011462-7">2-07-011462-7</a>.</li> <li>Cook, David. <i>A History of Narrative Film</i> (4th ed.). New York: W. W. Norton, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-97868-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-97868-0">0-393-97868-0</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKardozi2024" class="citation book cs1">Kardozi, Karzan (2024). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://themovingsilent.wordpress.com/2015/03/24/book-100-years-of-cinema-from-d-w-griffith-to-richard-linklater/"><i>100 Years of Cinema, 100 Directors, Vol 1: The Lumière Brothers</i></a></span>. Xazalnus Publication – via The Moving Silent.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=100+Years+of+Cinema%2C+100+Directors%2C+Vol+1%3A+The+Lumi%C3%A8re+Brothers&rft.pub=Xazalnus+Publication&rft.date=2024&rft.aulast=Kardozi&rft.aufirst=Karzan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthemovingsilent.wordpress.com%2F2015%2F03%2F24%2Fbook-100-years-of-cinema-from-d-w-griffith-to-richard-linklater%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuguste+and+Louis+Lumi%C3%A8re" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Mast, Gerald and Bruce F. Kawin. <i>A Short History of the Movies</i> (9th ed.). New York: Pearson Longman, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-321-26232-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-321-26232-8">0-321-26232-8</a>.</li> <li>Rittaud-Hutinet, Jacques. <i>Le cinéma des origines</i> (in French). Seyssel, France: Champ Vallon, 1985. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-903528-43-8" title="Special:BookSources/2-903528-43-8">2-903528-43-8</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fr%C3%A8res_Lumi%C3%A8re" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Frères Lumière">Frères Lumière</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0525910/">Louis Lumière</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0525908/">Auguste Lumière</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.victorian-cinema.net/louislumiere.htm">Louis Lumière</a> at <a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Who_of_Victorian_Cinema" title="Who's Who of Victorian Cinema">Who's Who of Victorian Cinema</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.victorian-cinema.net/augustelumiere.htm">Auguste Lumière</a> at <a 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Template:Auguste and Louis Lumière"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Template talk:Auguste and Louis Lumière"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Auguste and Louis Lumière"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Auguste_and_Louis_Lumière" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Auguste and Louis Lumière</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Workers_Leaving_the_Lumi%C3%A8re_Factory" title="Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory">La Sortie de l'usine Lumière à Lyon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Voltige" title="La Voltige">La Voltige</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_P%C3%AAche_aux_poissons_rouges" title="La Pêche aux poissons rouges">La Pêche aux poissons rouges</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Photographical_Congress_Arrives_in_Lyon" title="The Photographical Congress Arrives in Lyon">The Photographical Congress Arrives in Lyon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Forgerons" title="Les Forgerons">Les Forgerons</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Arroseur_Arros%C3%A9" title="L'Arroseur Arrosé">L'Arroseur Arrosé</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Repas_de_b%C3%A9b%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Repas de bébé">Le Repas de bébé</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Saut_%C3%A0_la_couverture" title="Le Saut à la couverture">Le Saut à la couverture</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Place_des_Cordeliers_%C3%A0_Lyon" title="Place des Cordeliers à Lyon">Place des Cordeliers à Lyon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Mer_(film)" title="La Mer (film)">La Mer (Baignade en mer)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Arriv%C3%A9e_d%27un_train_en_gare_de_La_Ciotat" title="L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat">L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barque_sortant_du_port" title="Barque sortant du port">Barque sortant du port</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Charcuterie_m%C3%A9canique" title="La Charcuterie mécanique">La Charcuterie mécanique</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_boules_de_neige" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataille de boules de neige">Bataille de boules de neige</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Partie_de_cartes" title="Partie de cartes">Partie de cartes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9molition_d%27un_mur" title="Démolition d'un mur">Démolition d'un mur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carmaux,_d%C3%A9fournage_du_coke" title="Carmaux, défournage du coke">Carmaux, défournage du coke</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naples_(film)" title="Naples (film)">Naples</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Procession_at_Seville_and_bullfighting_scenes" title="Procession at Seville and bullfighting scenes">Procession at Seville and bullfighting scenes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inventions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinematograph" title="Cinematograph">Cinematograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autochrome_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Autochrome Lumière">Autochrome Lumière</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55965#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000107217868">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/130091357">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb157319817">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb157319817">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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