CSRC Topics - Technologies

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>CSRC Topics - Technologies | CSRC</title> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="content-style-type" content="text/css" /> <meta http-equiv="content-script-type" content="text/javascript" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/CSRC/Media/images/favicons/browserconfig.xml" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#000000" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="xbrnrVYDgLD-Bd64xHLCt4XsPXzUhQ-4lGMj4TdUUTA" /> <meta name="description" content="Use these CSRC Topics to identify and learn more about NIST's cybersecurity Projects, Publications, News, Events and Presentations." /> <meta name="dcterms.title" content="CSRC Category: Technologies | CSRC"/> <meta name="dcterms.description" content="This category includes terms for specific technologies and IT concepts, as well as terms related to computation, information science, and mathematics. 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 Select a term for more details, including links to tagged CSRC content.</p> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-12"> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-warning topics-tree" id="topics-callout"> <h4>Topics</h4> <div class="category-topics-container" id="tc-category-topics-container"><ul><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-24663-24670"></i> <strong><a data-topic-id="24670" data-topic-text="Security and Privacy" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy">Security and Privacy</a></strong><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-24670-27481"></i> <a data-topic-id="27481" data-topic-text="cryptography" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography">cryptography</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27647" data-topic-text="digital signatures" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography/digital-signatures">digital signatures</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27648" data-topic-text="encryption" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography/encryption">encryption</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27649" data-topic-text="key management" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography/key-management">key management</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="30027" data-topic-text="lightweight cryptography" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography/lightweight-cryptography">lightweight cryptography</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27650" data-topic-text="message authentication" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography/message-authentication">message authentication</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27651" data-topic-text="post-quantum cryptography" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography/post-quantum-cryptography">post-quantum cryptography</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27652" data-topic-text="random number generation" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography/random-number-generation">random number generation</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27653" data-topic-text="secure hashing" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography/secure-hashing">secure hashing</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27482" data-topic-text="cybersecurity supply chain risk management" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cyber-supply-chain-risk-management">cybersecurity supply chain risk management</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27483" data-topic-text="general security & privacy" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/general-security-and-privacy">general security & privacy</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-24670-27484"></i> <a data-topic-id="27484" data-topic-text="identity & access management" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/identity-and-access-management">identity & access management</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27663" data-topic-text="access authorization" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/identity-and-access-management/access-authorization">access authorization</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27664" data-topic-text="access control" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/identity-and-access-management/access-control">access control</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-27484-27665"></i> <a data-topic-id="27665" data-topic-text="authentication" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/identity-and-access-management/authentication">authentication</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="36230" data-topic-text="passwords" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/identity-and-access-management/authentication/passwords">passwords</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27666" data-topic-text="Personal Identity Verification" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/identity-and-access-management/PIV">Personal Identity Verification</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27667" data-topic-text="public key infrastructure" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/identity-and-access-management/PKI">public key infrastructure</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-24670-27485"></i> <a data-topic-id="27485" data-topic-text="privacy" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/privacy">privacy</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27680" data-topic-text="personally identifiable information" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/privacy/personally-identifiable-information">personally identifiable information</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27681" data-topic-text="privacy engineering" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/privacy/privacy-engineering">privacy engineering</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-24670-27486"></i> <a data-topic-id="27486" data-topic-text="risk management" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management">risk management</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27682" data-topic-text="categorization" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/categorization">categorization</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27683" data-topic-text="continuous monitoring" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/continuous-monitoring">continuous monitoring</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-27486-27684"></i> <a data-topic-id="27684" data-topic-text="controls" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/controls">controls</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27767" data-topic-text="controls assessment" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/controls/controls-assessment">controls assessment</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27768" data-topic-text="privacy controls" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/controls/privacy-controls">privacy controls</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27769" data-topic-text="security controls" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/controls/security-controls">security controls</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27685" data-topic-text="risk assessment" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/risk-assessment">risk assessment</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27686" data-topic-text="roots of trust" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/roots-of-trust">roots of trust</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27687" data-topic-text="system authorization" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/system-authorization">system authorization</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-27486-27688"></i> <a data-topic-id="27688" data-topic-text="threats" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/threats">threats</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27770" data-topic-text="advanced persistent threats" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/threats/advanced-persistent-threats">advanced persistent threats</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27771" data-topic-text="botnets" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/threats/botnets">botnets</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27772" data-topic-text="information sharing" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/threats/information-sharing">information sharing</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27773" data-topic-text="intrusion detection & prevention" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/threats/intrusion-detection-and-prevention">intrusion detection & prevention</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27774" data-topic-text="malware" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/threats/malware">malware</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="36185" data-topic-text="phishing" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/threats/phishing">phishing</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27689" data-topic-text="vulnerability management" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/vulnerability-management">vulnerability management</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-24670-27487"></i> <a data-topic-id="27487" data-topic-text="security & behavior" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-and-behavior">security & behavior</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27709" data-topic-text="accessibility" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-and-behavior/accessibility">accessibility</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27710" data-topic-text="behavior" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-and-behavior/behavior">behavior</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27711" data-topic-text="usability" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-and-behavior/usability">usability</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-24670-27488"></i> <a data-topic-id="27488" data-topic-text="security measurement" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-measurement">security measurement</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27690" data-topic-text="analytics" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-measurement/analytics">analytics</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27691" data-topic-text="assurance" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-measurement/assurance">assurance</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27692" data-topic-text="modeling" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-measurement/modeling">modeling</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27693" data-topic-text="testing & validation" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-measurement/testing-and-validation">testing & validation</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-24670-27489"></i> <a data-topic-id="27489" data-topic-text="security programs & operations" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations">security programs & operations</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27694" data-topic-text="acquisition" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/acquisition">acquisition</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27695" data-topic-text="asset management" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/asset-management">asset management</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27696" data-topic-text="audit & accountability" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/audit-and-accountability">audit & accountability</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27697" data-topic-text="awareness training & education" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/awareness-training-education">awareness training & education</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27698" data-topic-text="configuration management" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/configuration-management">configuration management</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27699" data-topic-text="contingency planning" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/contingency-planning">contingency planning</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27700" data-topic-text="incident response" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/incident-response">incident response</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27701" data-topic-text="maintenance" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/maintenance">maintenance</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27702" data-topic-text="media protection" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/media-protection">media protection</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27703" data-topic-text="patch management" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/patch-management">patch management</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27704" data-topic-text="personnel security" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/personnel-security">personnel security</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27705" data-topic-text="physical & environmental protection" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/physical-and-environmental-protection">physical & environmental protection</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27706" data-topic-text="planning" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/planning">planning</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27707" data-topic-text="program management" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/program-management">program management</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27708" data-topic-text="security automation" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/security-automation">security automation</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-24670-27490"></i> <a data-topic-id="27490" data-topic-text="systems security engineering" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/systems-security-engineering">systems security engineering</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-27490-27713"></i> <a data-topic-id="27713" data-topic-text="trustworthiness" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/systems-security-engineering/trustworthiness">trustworthiness</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27775" data-topic-text="reliability" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/systems-security-engineering/trustworthiness/reliability">reliability</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27776" data-topic-text="resilience" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/systems-security-engineering/trustworthiness/resilience">resilience</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27777" data-topic-text="safety" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/systems-security-engineering/trustworthiness/safety">safety</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="28469" data-topic-text="zero trust" href="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/zero-trust">zero trust</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-minus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-24663-24671" data-expander-for="/Topics/technologies" data-expanded="true"></i> <strong data-topic-id="24671" data-topic-text="Technologies">Technologies</strong><ul><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27491" data-topic-text="artificial intelligence" href="/Topics/technologies/artificial-intelligence">artificial intelligence</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27492" data-topic-text="big data" href="/Topics/technologies/big-data">big data</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27493" data-topic-text="biometrics" href="/Topics/technologies/biometrics">biometrics</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27494" data-topic-text="blockchain" href="/Topics/technologies/blockchain">blockchain</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27495" data-topic-text="cloud & virtualization" href="/Topics/technologies/cloud-computing-and-virtualization">cloud & virtualization</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27496" data-topic-text="combinatorial testing" href="/Topics/technologies/combinatorial-testing">combinatorial testing</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27497" data-topic-text="complexity" href="/Topics/technologies/complexity">complexity</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-24671-27499"></i> <a data-topic-id="27499" data-topic-text="hardware" href="/Topics/technologies/hardware">hardware</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27714" data-topic-text="circuits" href="/Topics/technologies/hardware/circuits">circuits</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27715" data-topic-text="personal computers" href="/Topics/technologies/hardware/personal-computers">personal computers</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="36763" data-topic-text="semiconductors" href="/Topics/technologies/hardware/semiconductors">semiconductors</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27716" data-topic-text="sensors" href="/Topics/technologies/hardware/sensors">sensors</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27498" data-topic-text="mobile" href="/Topics/technologies/mobile">mobile</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-24671-27500"></i> <a data-topic-id="27500" data-topic-text="networks" href="/Topics/technologies/networks">networks</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27717" data-topic-text="email" href="/Topics/technologies/networks/email">email</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27718" data-topic-text="firewalls" href="/Topics/technologies/networks/firewalls">firewalls</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27719" data-topic-text="internet" href="/Topics/technologies/networks/internet">internet</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27501" data-topic-text="quantum information science" href="/Topics/technologies/quantum-information-science">quantum information science</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27502" data-topic-text="servers" href="/Topics/technologies/servers">servers</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27503" data-topic-text="smart cards" href="/Topics/technologies/smart-cards">smart cards</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-24671-27504"></i> <a data-topic-id="27504" data-topic-text="software & firmware" href="/Topics/technologies/software-firmware">software & firmware</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27720" data-topic-text="BIOS" href="/Topics/technologies/software-firmware/bios">BIOS</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27721" data-topic-text="databases" href="/Topics/technologies/software-firmware/databases">databases</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27722" data-topic-text="operating systems" href="/Topics/technologies/software-firmware/operating-systems">operating systems</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27505" data-topic-text="storage" href="/Topics/technologies/storage">storage</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-24663-24672"></i> <strong><a data-topic-id="24672" data-topic-text="Applications" href="/Topics/Applications">Applications</a></strong><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27456" data-topic-text="communications & wireless" href="/Topics/Applications/communications-and-wireless">communications & wireless</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27457" data-topic-text="cyber-physical systems" href="/Topics/Applications/cyber-physical-systems">cyber-physical systems</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27458" data-topic-text="cybersecurity education" href="/Topics/Applications/cybersecurity-education">cybersecurity education</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27459" data-topic-text="cybersecurity framework" href="/Topics/Applications/cybersecurity-framework">cybersecurity framework</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27460" data-topic-text="cybersecurity workforce" href="/Topics/Applications/cybersecurity-workforce">cybersecurity workforce</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27461" data-topic-text="enterprise" href="/Topics/Applications/enterprise">enterprise</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27462" data-topic-text="forensics" href="/Topics/Applications/forensics">forensics</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27463" data-topic-text="industrial control systems" href="/Topics/Applications/industrial-control-systems">industrial control systems</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27464" data-topic-text="Internet of Things" href="/Topics/Applications/Internet-of-Things">Internet of Things</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="29979" data-topic-text="mathematics" href="/Topics/Applications/mathematics">mathematics</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27920" data-topic-text="positioning navigation & timing" href="/Topics/Applications/positioning-navigation-timing">positioning navigation & timing</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27465" data-topic-text="small & medium business" href="/Topics/Applications/small-and-medium-business">small & medium business</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27466" data-topic-text="telework" href="/Topics/Applications/telework">telework</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27467" data-topic-text="voting" href="/Topics/Applications/voting">voting</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-24663-24673"></i> <strong><a data-topic-id="24673" data-topic-text="Laws and Regulations" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations">Laws and Regulations</a></strong><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-24673-27468"></i> <a data-topic-id="27468" data-topic-text="executive documents" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents">executive documents</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27668" data-topic-text="Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/CNCI">Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27669" data-topic-text="Cybersecurity Strategy and Implementation Plan" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/CSIP">Cybersecurity Strategy and Implementation Plan</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27670" data-topic-text="Cyberspace Policy Review" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/Cyberspace-Policy-Review">Cyberspace Policy Review</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27671" data-topic-text="Executive Order 13636" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/EO-13636">Executive Order 13636</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27672" data-topic-text="Executive Order 13702" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/EO-13702">Executive Order 13702</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27673" data-topic-text="Executive Order 13718" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/EO-13718">Executive Order 13718</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27674" data-topic-text="Executive Order 13800" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/EO-13800">Executive Order 13800</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27921" data-topic-text="Executive Order 13905" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/Executive-Order-13905">Executive Order 13905</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="28468" data-topic-text="Executive Order 14028" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/Executive-Order-14028">Executive Order 14028</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="36202" data-topic-text="Executive Order 14110" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/Executive-Order-14110">Executive Order 14110</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27675" data-topic-text="Federal Cybersecurity Research and Development Strategic Plan" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/Federal-Cybersecurity-Research-and-Development">Federal Cybersecurity Research and Development Strategic Plan</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27676" data-topic-text="Homeland Security Presidential Directive 7" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/HSPD-7">Homeland Security Presidential Directive 7</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27677" data-topic-text="Homeland Security Presidential Directive 12" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/HSPD-12">Homeland Security Presidential Directive 12</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27678" data-topic-text="OMB Circular A-11" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/OMB-A-11">OMB Circular A-11</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27679" data-topic-text="OMB Circular A-130" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/OMB-A-130">OMB Circular A-130</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-24673-27469"></i> <a data-topic-id="27469" data-topic-text="laws" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/laws">laws</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="35985" data-topic-text="CHIPS and Science Act" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/laws/CHIPS-and-Science-Act">CHIPS and Science Act</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27654" data-topic-text="Cyber Security R&D Act" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/laws/Cyber-Security-Research-and-Development-Act">Cyber Security R&D Act</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27655" data-topic-text="Cybersecurity Enhancement Act" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/laws/Cybersecurity-Enhancement-Act">Cybersecurity Enhancement Act</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27656" data-topic-text="E-Government Act" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/laws/E-Gov-Act">E-Government Act</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27657" data-topic-text="Energy Independence and Security Act" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/laws/EISA">Energy Independence and Security Act</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27658" data-topic-text="Federal Information Security Modernization Act" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/laws/FISMA">Federal Information Security Modernization Act</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27659" data-topic-text="First Responder Network Authority" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/laws/FirstNet">First Responder Network Authority</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27660" data-topic-text="Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/laws/HIPAA">Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27661" data-topic-text="Help America Vote Act" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/laws/HAVA">Help America Vote Act</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="28580" data-topic-text="Internet of Things Cybersecurity Improvement Act" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/laws/Internet-of-Things-Cybersecurity-Improvement-Act">Internet of Things Cybersecurity Improvement Act</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-24673-27470"></i> <a data-topic-id="27470" data-topic-text="regulations" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/regulations">regulations</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27662" data-topic-text="Federal Acquisition Regulation" href="/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/regulations/FAR">Federal Acquisition Regulation</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-24663-24674"></i> <strong><a data-topic-id="24674" data-topic-text="Activities and Products" href="/Topics/Activities-and-Products">Activities and Products</a></strong><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27452" data-topic-text="annual reports" 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class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-24663-24675"></i> <strong><a data-topic-id="24675" data-topic-text="Sectors" href="/Topics/Sectors">Sectors</a></strong><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tc-24675-27472"></i> <a data-topic-id="27472" data-topic-text="energy" href="/Topics/Sectors/energy">energy</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27712" data-topic-text="smart grid" href="/Topics/Sectors/energy/smart-grid">smart grid</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27473" data-topic-text="financial services" href="/Topics/Sectors/financial-services">financial services</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27474" data-topic-text="healthcare" href="/Topics/Sectors/healthcare">healthcare</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27475" data-topic-text="hospitality" href="/Topics/Sectors/hospitality">hospitality</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27476" data-topic-text="manufacturing" href="/Topics/Sectors/manufacturing">manufacturing</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27477" data-topic-text="public safety" href="/Topics/Sectors/public-safety">public safety</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27478" data-topic-text="retail" href="/Topics/Sectors/retail">retail</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27479" data-topic-text="telecommunications" href="/Topics/Sectors/telecommunications">telecommunications</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27480" data-topic-text="transportation" href="/Topics/Sectors/transportation">transportation</a></li></ul> </li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 historical-data-area" id="historical-data-area"> <span>Created <span id="page-created-date">July 29, 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