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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%84" title="أرشيبالد كامبل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أرشيبالد كامبل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Campbell,_1._Marquess_of_Argyll" title="Archibald Campbell, 1. Marquess of Argyll – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Archibald Campbell, 1. Marquess of Argyll" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Campbell,_I_marqu%C3%A9s_de_Argyll" title="Archibald Campbell, I marqués de Argyll – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Archibald Campbell, I marqués de Argyll" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2_%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84" title="آرچیبالد کمبل، اولین مارکز آرگیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آرچیبالد کمبل، اولین مارکز آرگیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Campbell_(1er_marquis_d%27Argyll)" title="Archibald Campbell (1er marquis d'Argyll) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Archibald Campbell (1er marquis d'Argyll)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Campbell,_I_marchese_di_Argyll" title="Archibald Campbell, I marchese di Argyll – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Archibald Campbell, I marchese di Argyll" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%84_(%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7)" title="ارشيبالد كامبل (سياسى من اسكتلندا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارشيبالد كامبل (سياسى من اسكتلندا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB_(%E5%88%9D%E4%BB%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E4%BE%AF%E7%88%B5)" title="アーチボルド・キャンベル (初代アーガイル侯爵) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アーチボルド・キャンベル (初代アーガイル侯爵)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Campbell,_1._marki_av_Argyll" title="Archibald Campbell, 1. marki av Argyll – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Archibald Campbell, 1. marki av Argyll" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Campbell_(1._markiz_Argyll)" title="Archibald Campbell (1. markiz Argyll) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Archibald Campbell (1. markiz Argyll)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Campbell,_1.%C2%BA_Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Argyll" title="Archibald Campbell, 1.º Marquês de Argyll – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Archibald Campbell, 1.º Marquês de Argyll" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB,_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4,_1-%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Кэмпбелл, Арчибальд, 1-й маркиз Аргайл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кэмпбелл, Арчибальд, 1-й маркиз Аргайл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Campbell,_Argyllin_ensimm%C3%A4inen_markiisi" title="Archibald Campbell, Argyllin ensimmäinen markiisi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Archibald Campbell, Argyllin ensimmäinen markiisi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Campbell,_1:e_markis_av_Argyll" title="Archibald Campbell, 1:e markis av Argyll – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Archibald Campbell, 1:e markis av Argyll" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Governed Scotland during Wars of the Three Kingdoms</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">The Marquess of Argyll</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Marquess_of_Argyll.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/The_Marquess_of_Argyll.jpg/220px-The_Marquess_of_Argyll.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/The_Marquess_of_Argyll.jpg/330px-The_Marquess_of_Argyll.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/The_Marquess_of_Argyll.jpg/440px-The_Marquess_of_Argyll.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="519" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Marquess of Argyll, by <a href="/wiki/David_Scougall" title="David Scougall">David Scougall</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">7 March 1607</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">27 May 1661 (aged 54)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, Scotland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data">Execution</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Kilmun_Parish_Church_and_Argyll_Mausoleum" title="Kilmun Parish Church and Argyll Mausoleum">Kilmun Parish Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Chief of <a href="/wiki/Clan_Campbell" title="Clan Campbell">Clan Campbell</a>, politician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data title">Marquess of Argyll, 8th <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Argyll" class="mw-redirect" title="Earl of Argyll">Earl of Argyll</a>, member of the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Scotland" title="Privy Council of Scotland">Privy Council of Scotland</a>, Assembly of Divines, parliament of 1659 for Aberdeenshire</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Lady Margaret Douglas</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Campbell,_9th_Earl_of_Argyll" title="Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll">Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lord_Neill_Campbell" title="Lord Neill Campbell">Lord Neill Campbell</a><br />Lady Anne Campbell<br />Lady Jean Campbell<br /> two other daughters</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Campbell,_7th_Earl_of_Argyll" title="Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll">Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Douglas,_Countess_of_Argyll" title="Agnes Douglas, Countess of Argyll">Agnes Douglas, Countess of Argyll</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Archibald Campbell, Marquess of Argyll, 8th Earl of Argyll, Chief of Clan Campbell</b> (March 1607 – 27 May 1661) was a Scottish nobleman, politician, and peer. The <i>de facto</i> head of Scotland's government during most of the conflict of the 1640s and 1650s known as the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Wars of the Three Kingdoms">Wars of the Three Kingdoms</a>, he was the main leader of the <a href="/wiki/Covenanter" class="mw-redirect" title="Covenanter">Covenanter</a> movement that fought for the <a href="/wiki/Established_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Established Church">Establishment</a> of <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a> in opposition to the preference of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">King Charles I</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Divines" title="Caroline Divines">Caroline Divines</a> for instead Establishing both <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholicism" title="Anglo-Catholicism">High Church Anglicanism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishops</a>. He is often remembered as the principal <a href="/wiki/Antagonist" title="Antagonist">antagonist</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Cavaliers" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavaliers">Royalist</a> general <a href="/wiki/James_Graham,_1st_Marquess_of_Montrose" title="James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose">James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Campbell,_1st_Marquess_of_Argyll&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Archibald Campbell, Marquess of Argyll, was the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Campbell,_7th_Earl_of_Argyll" title="Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll">Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll</a>, by his first wife <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Douglas,_Countess_of_Argyll" title="Agnes Douglas, Countess of Argyll">Agnes Douglas</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/William_Douglas,_6th_Earl_of_Morton" title="William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton">William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton</a>, and was educated at <a href="/wiki/St_Andrews_University" class="mw-redirect" title="St Andrews University">St Andrews University</a>, where he matriculated on 15 January 1622. He had early in life, as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lorne" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Lorne">Lord Lorne</a>, been entrusted with the possession of the <a href="/wiki/Argyll" title="Argyll">Argyll</a> estates when his father renounced Protestantism and took arms for <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philip III of Spain</a>; and he exercised over <a href="/wiki/Clan_Campbell" title="Clan Campbell">Clan Campbell</a> an authority almost absolute, disposing of a force of 20,000 retainers, being, according to Baillie, "by far the most powerful subject in the kingdom".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911483_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911483-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Argyll was said to be of above average height, but slight in build. He had reddish hair, which darkened in later life – among the Highlanders he was often called "red Argyll" – and a pronounced squint.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillcock190363_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillcock190363-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporaries said he had a very charming and persuasive manner,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillcock190363_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillcock190363-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although early in life he developed a habit of abruptly leaving the room if a conversation took a turn he did not like. <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hyde,_1st_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon">Clarendon</a> said that "<i>his wit was pregnant, and his humour gay and pleasant, except when he liked not the company or the argument</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillcock1903336_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillcock1903336-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_Covenanter_movement">In the Covenanter movement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Campbell,_1st_Marquess_of_Argyll&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In the Covenanter movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:8th_Earl_of_Argyll.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/8th_Earl_of_Argyll.jpg/220px-8th_Earl_of_Argyll.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/8th_Earl_of_Argyll.jpg/330px-8th_Earl_of_Argyll.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/8th_Earl_of_Argyll.jpg/440px-8th_Earl_of_Argyll.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Portrait traditionally identified as the 9th Earl, but subsequently confirmed as being of the 8th Earl in his youth (<i>Scottish Notes and Queries</i>, v11, pp.5–6). His biographer John Willcock believed that it dated from his 1626 marriage.</figcaption></figure> <p>On the outbreak of the religious dispute between the king and <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> in 1637, Lord Lorne's support was eagerly sought by <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a>. He was made a <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Scotland" title="Privy Council of Scotland">privy councillor</a> in 1628. In 1638, the king summoned him, together with the earls of <a href="/wiki/John_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Traquair" title="John Stewart, 1st Earl of Traquair">Traquair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ker,_1st_Earl_of_Roxburghe" title="Robert Ker, 1st Earl of Roxburghe">Roxburgh</a>, to London, but he refused to be won over, warned Charles against his despotic ecclesiastical policy, and showed great hostility towards <a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a>. In consequence, a secret commission was given to the <a href="/wiki/Randal_MacDonnell,_1st_Marquess_of_Antrim_(1645_creation)" title="Randal MacDonnell, 1st Marquess of Antrim (1645 creation)">Randal MacDonnell, Earl of Antrim</a> to invade <a href="/wiki/Argyll" title="Argyll">Argyll</a> and stir up the <a href="/wiki/Clan_Donald" title="Clan Donald">MacDonalds</a> against the Campbells. Argyll, who inherited the title at the death of his father in 1638, originally had no preference for <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a>, but now definitely took the side of the <a href="/wiki/Covenanters" title="Covenanters">Covenanters</a> in defence of national religion and liberties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911483_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911483-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''This_Day_in_Presbyterian_History''_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''This_Day_in_Presbyterian_History''-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Argyll continued to attend the meetings of the <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">General Assembly of the Church of Scotland</a> after its dissolution by the <a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton" title="James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton">Marquess of Hamilton</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Episcopacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Episcopacy">Episcopacy</a> was abolished. In 1639, he sent a statement to Laud, and subsequently to the king, defending the General Assembly's action.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911483_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911483-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Bishops%27_Wars" title="Bishops' Wars">First Bishops' War</a>, Argyll raised a body of troops and seized Hamilton's castle of <a href="/wiki/Brodick" title="Brodick">Brodick</a> in <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Arran" title="Isle of Arran">Arran</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Pacification_of_Berwick" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacification of Berwick">Pacification of Berwick</a>, he carried a motion, in opposition to <a href="/wiki/James_Graham,_1st_Marquess_of_Montrose" title="James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose">James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose</a>, by which the estates secured to themselves the election of the lords of the articles, who had formerly been nominated by the king. This was a fundamental change to the Scottish constitution, whereby the management of public affairs was entrusted to a representative body and withdrawn from the control of the crown.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911483_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911483-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An attempt by the king to deprive Argyll of his office as justiciary of Argyll failed, and on the prorogation of the parliament by Charles, in May 1640, Argyll moved that it should continue its sittings and that the government and safety of the kingdom should be secured by a committee of the estates, of which he was the guiding spirit. In June, as part of what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Bishops%27_Wars" title="Bishops' Wars">Second Bishops' War</a>, he was trusted with a <a href="/wiki/Commission_of_Justiciary" title="Commission of Justiciary">Commission of fire and sword</a> against the royalists in <a href="/wiki/Atholl" title="Atholl">Atholl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angus,_Scotland" title="Angus, Scotland">Angus</a>, which, after succeeding in entrapping <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Murray,_1st_Earl_of_Atholl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Murray, 1st Earl of Atholl (page does not exist)">John Murray, 1st Earl of Atholl</a>, he carried out with completeness and cruelty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911483–484_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911483–484-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was on this occasion that the <a href="/wiki/Airlie_Castle" title="Airlie Castle">Bonnie Hoose o' Airlie</a> was burned. By this time, the personal dislike and difference in opinion between Montrose and Argyll led to an open breach. The former arranged that on the occasion of Charles's approaching visit to Scotland, Argyll would be accused of high treason in the parliament. The plot, however, was disclosed, and Montrose, among others, was imprisoned. Accordingly, when the king arrived, he found himself deprived of every remnant of influence and authority. It only remained for Charles to make a series of concessions. He transferred control over judicial and political appointments to the parliament, created Argyll a <a href="/wiki/Marquess" title="Marquess">marquess</a> in 1641, and returned home, having, in <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hyde,_1st_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon">Clarendon's</a> words, made a perfect deed of gift of that kingdom. Meanwhile, there was an unsuccessful attempt to kidnap Argyll, Hamilton, and Lanark, known as <a href="/wiki/The_Incident_(conspiracy)" title="The Incident (conspiracy)">The Incident</a>. Argyll was mainly instrumental in this crisis in keeping the national party faithful to what was to him evidently the common cause, and in accomplishing the alliance with the <a href="/wiki/Long_Parliament" title="Long Parliament">Long Parliament</a> in 1643.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English_and_Scottish_Civil_Wars">English and Scottish Civil Wars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Campbell,_1st_Marquess_of_Argyll&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: English and Scottish Civil Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 1644, he accompanied the Scottish army into England as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Both_Kingdoms" title="Committee of Both Kingdoms">Committee of Both Kingdoms</a> and in command of a troop of horse, but was soon compelled, in March, to return to suppress Royalists in the <a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Wars_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms">Scottish Civil War</a> and to defend his own territories. He forced <a href="/wiki/George_Gordon,_2nd_Marquess_of_Huntly" title="George Gordon, 2nd Marquess of Huntly">Huntly</a> to retreat in April. In July, he advanced to abet the Irish troops now landed in Argyll, which were fighting in conjunction with Montrose, who had put himself at the head of the Royalist forces in Scotland. Neither general succeeded in obtaining an advantage over the other, or even in engaging in battle. Argyll then returned to <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, threw up his commission, and retired to <a href="/wiki/Inveraray_Castle" title="Inveraray Castle">Inveraray Castle</a>. Montrose unexpectedly followed him in December, compelling him to flee to <a href="/wiki/Rosneath" title="Rosneath">Roseneath</a>, and devastating his territories. On 2 February 1645, while following Montrose northwards, Argyll was surprised by him at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Inverlochy_(1645)" title="Battle of Inverlochy (1645)">Inverlochy</a>. He witnessed, from his barge on the lake to which he had retired after falling from his horse, a fearful slaughter of his troops, which included 1,500 of the Campbells.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts200068–69_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts200068–69-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He arrived at Edinburgh on 12 February and was again present at Montrose's further great victory on 15 August at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kilsyth" title="Battle of Kilsyth">Kilsyth</a>, whence he escaped to Newcastle. Argyll was at last delivered from his formidable antagonist by Montrose's final defeat at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Philiphaugh" title="Battle of Philiphaugh">Philiphaugh</a> on 12 September.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1646, he was sent to negotiate with the king at <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle</a> after his surrender to the Scottish army, when he endeavoured to moderate the demands of the parliament and at the same time to persuade the king to accept them. On 7 July 1646, he was appointed a member of the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Divines" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly of Divines">Assembly of Divines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Up to this point, Argyll's statesmanship had been highly successful. The national liberties and religion of Scotland had been defended and guaranteed, and the power of the king in Scotland reduced to a mere shadow. In addition, these privileges had been still further secured by the alliance with the English opposition, and by the subsequent triumph of the Parliament and Presbyterianism in the neighbouring kingdom. The king himself was a prisoner in their midst. But Argyll's influence could not survive the rupture of the alliance between the two nations on which his whole policy was founded. He opposed in vain <a href="/wiki/The_Engagement_(1647)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Engagement (1647)">the Engagement</a>, concluded in December 1647, between Charles I and the Scots against the English Parliament. <a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton" title="James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton">James, Duke of Hamilton</a> commanded an Engager army that marched into England and was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Cromwell</a> at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Preston_(1648)" title="Battle of Preston (1648)">Preston</a> the following August. Argyll, after a narrow escape from a surprise attack at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stirling_(1648)" title="Battle of Stirling (1648)">Battle of Stirling</a> in September 1648, joined the <a href="/wiki/Whiggamores" class="mw-redirect" title="Whiggamores">Whiggamores</a>, a body of Covenanters at Edinburgh; and, supported by <a href="/wiki/John_Campbell,_1st_Earl_of_Loudoun" title="John Campbell, 1st Earl of Loudoun">John Campbell, 1st Earl of Loudoun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Leslie,_1st_Earl_of_Leven" title="Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven">Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven</a>, he established a new government, which welcomed <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> on his arrival there on 4 October 1648.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_with_the_English_Parliament_and_personal_ruin">War with the English Parliament and personal ruin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Campbell,_1st_Marquess_of_Argyll&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: War with the English Parliament and personal ruin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marquess_of_Argyll_1644.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Marquess_of_Argyll_1644.jpg/220px-Marquess_of_Argyll_1644.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Marquess_of_Argyll_1644.jpg/330px-Marquess_of_Argyll_1644.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Marquess_of_Argyll_1644.jpg 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="587" /></a><figcaption>Photograph of now lost portrait of c.1644, attributed to <a href="/wiki/George_Jamesone" title="George Jamesone">George Jamesone</a>, of Archibald Campbell, Marquess of Argyll, formerly at <a href="/wiki/Castle_Campbell" title="Castle Campbell">Castle Campbell</a>. The painting, rediscovered in an estate cottage in c.1870, was destroyed in an 1877 fire at <a href="/wiki/Inveraray_Castle" title="Inveraray Castle">Inveraray Castle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson1896101–102_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson1896101–102-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>This alliance, however, was at once destroyed by the execution of Charles I on 30 January 1649, which excited universal horror in Scotland. In the series of tangled incidents which followed, Argyll lost control of the national policy. He describes himself at this period as "a distracted man ... in a distracted time" whose "remedies ... had the quite contrary operation".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Argyll supported the invitation from the Covenanters to <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> to land in Scotland, and gazed upon the captured Montrose, bound on a cart to execution at Edinburgh. When Charles II came to Scotland, having signed the Covenant and repudiated Montrose, Argyll remained at the head of the administration. After the defeat of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dunbar_(1650)" title="Battle of Dunbar (1650)">Dunbar</a>, Charles retained his support by the promise of a dukedom and the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Garter</a>, and an attempt was made by Argyll to marry the king to his daughter, Lady Anne.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser197989,_99–100_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser197989,_99–100-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 January 1651, he <a href="/wiki/Scottish_coronation_of_Charles_II" title="Scottish coronation of Charles II">placed the crown</a> on Charles's head at <a href="/wiki/Scone,_Perthshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Scone, Perthshire">Scone</a>. But his power had now passed to the <a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton,_1st_Duke_of_Hamilton" title="James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton">Hamiltonian</a> party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Argyll strongly opposed, but was unable to prevent, the expedition into England. In the subsequent reduction of Scotland, after holding out in Inveraray Castle for nearly a year, he was at last surprised in August 1652 and submitted to the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth (England)">Commonwealth</a>. His ruin was then complete. His policy had failed, his power had vanished. He was hopelessly in debt, and on terms of such violent hostility with his eldest son and heir <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Campbell,_9th_Earl_of_Argyll" title="Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll">Archibald</a> as to be obliged to demand a garrison in his house for his protection.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life_and_writings">Later life and writings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Campbell,_1st_Marquess_of_Argyll&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later life and writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memorial_to_Archibald_Campbell,_1st_Marquis_of_Argyll,_St._Giles_High_Kirk_Edinburgh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Memorial_to_Archibald_Campbell%2C_1st_Marquis_of_Argyll%2C_St._Giles_High_Kirk_Edinburgh.jpg/320px-Memorial_to_Archibald_Campbell%2C_1st_Marquis_of_Argyll%2C_St._Giles_High_Kirk_Edinburgh.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Memorial_to_Archibald_Campbell%2C_1st_Marquis_of_Argyll%2C_St._Giles_High_Kirk_Edinburgh.jpg/480px-Memorial_to_Archibald_Campbell%2C_1st_Marquis_of_Argyll%2C_St._Giles_High_Kirk_Edinburgh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Memorial_to_Archibald_Campbell%2C_1st_Marquis_of_Argyll%2C_St._Giles_High_Kirk_Edinburgh.jpg/640px-Memorial_to_Archibald_Campbell%2C_1st_Marquis_of_Argyll%2C_St._Giles_High_Kirk_Edinburgh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Memorial to Argyll in St. Giles Kirk, Edinburgh</figcaption></figure> <p>During his visit to <a href="/wiki/George_Monck,_1st_Duke_of_Albemarle" title="George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle">Monck</a> at Dalkeith in 1654 to complain of this, Argyll was subjected to much personal insult from his creditors, and on visiting London in September 1655 to obtain money due to him from the Scottish Parliament, he was arrested for debt, though soon liberated. In <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cromwell" title="Richard Cromwell">Richard Cromwell</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Third_Protectorate_Parliament" title="Third Protectorate Parliament">Parliament of 1659</a> Argyll sat as member for <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_(Commonwealth_Parliament_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aberdeen (Commonwealth Parliament constituency)">Aberdeenshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Scotland)" title="Restoration (Scotland)">Restoration</a>, Argyll presented himself at <a href="/wiki/Whitehall" title="Whitehall">Whitehall</a>, but was at once arrested by order of Charles II and placed in the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a> (1660), before being sent to Edinburgh to stand trial for <a href="/wiki/High_treason_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="High treason in the United Kingdom">high treason</a>. He was acquitted of complicity in the death of Charles I, and his escape from the whole charge seemed imminent, but the arrival of a packet of letters written by Argyll to Monck showed conclusively his collaboration with Cromwell's <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Protectorate of England">Protectorate of England</a>, particularly in the violent suppression of <a href="/wiki/Glencairn%27s_rising" title="Glencairn's rising">Glencairn's Royalist rising</a> in 1652. He was found guilty and sentenced to death,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his execution by beheading on the <a href="/wiki/Maiden_(beheading)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maiden (beheading)">'Maiden'</a> taking place on 27 May 1661,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruwysRiffenburgh1995[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_October_2014]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap,_">&#91,_<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32,_(October_2014)">page_needed</span>]]</i>&#93,_</sup>_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruwysRiffenburgh1995[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_October_2014]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap,_">&#91,_<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32,_(October_2014)">page_needed</span>]]</i>&#93,_</sup>-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before the death warrant had even been signed by the king. He was attended in his final hours by Rev Archibald Hutchison of Tolbooth Parish (contained in <a href="/wiki/St_Giles_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="St Giles Cathedral">St Giles Cathedral</a>) which oversaw the Tolbooth prison.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His head was deliberately placed on the <a href="/wiki/Head_on_a_spike" title="Head on a spike">same spike</a> upon the west end of the Tolbooth, as that of Montrose, who had previously been exposed there, and his body was buried at <a href="/wiki/Kilmun_Parish_Church_and_Argyll_Mausoleum" title="Kilmun Parish Church and Argyll Mausoleum">Kilmun Parish Church</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Loch" title="Holy Loch">Holy Loch</a>, where the head was also deposited in 1664. A monument was erected to his memory in <a href="/wiki/St_Giles%27_Cathedral" title="St Giles' Cathedral">High Kirk of St Giles</a> in Edinburgh in 1895.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Campbell,_1st_Marquess_of_Argyll&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While imprisoned in the Tower he wrote <i>Instructions to a Son</i> (1661). Some of his speeches, including the one delivered on the scaffold, were published and are printed in the <i><a href="/wiki/Harleian_Miscellany" class="mw-redirect" title="Harleian Miscellany">Harleian Miscellany</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Campbell,_1st_Marquess_of_Argyll&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Argyll married Lady Margaret Douglas, second daughter of <a href="/wiki/William_Douglas,_7th_Earl_of_Morton" title="William Douglas, 7th Earl of Morton">William Douglas, 7th Earl of Morton</a>, with whom he had two sons, the elder of whom, <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Campbell,_9th_Earl_of_Argyll" title="Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll">Archibald</a>, succeeded him as the 9th Earl,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenderson1886_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenderson1886-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and four daughters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Campbell,_1st_Marquess_of_Argyll&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Archibald_Campbell,_1st_Marquess_of_Argyll" title="Special:EditPage/Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Campbell,_4th_Earl_of_Argyll" title="Archibald Campbell, 4th Earl of Argyll">Archibald Campbell, 4th Earl of Argyll</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Colin_Campbell,_6th_Earl_of_Argyll" title="Colin Campbell, 6th Earl of Argyll">Colin Campbell, 6th Earl of Argyll</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. Lady Margaret Graham</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Campbell,_7th_Earl_of_Argyll" title="Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll">Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/William_Keith,_4th_Earl_Marischal" title="William Keith, 4th Earl Marischal">William Keith, 4th Earl Marischal</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Keith,_Countess_of_Moray" title="Agnes Keith, Countess of Moray">Agnes Keith, Countess of Moray</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. Margaret Keith</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Archibald Campbell, Marquess of Argyll</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. Sir Robert Douglas of Lochleven</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/William_Douglas,_6th_Earl_of_Morton" title="William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton">William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Erskine" title="Margaret Erskine">Margaret Erskine</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Douglas,_Countess_of_Argyll" title="Agnes Douglas, Countess of Argyll">Agnes Douglas, Countess of Argyll</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/George_Leslie,_4th_Earl_of_Rothes" title="George Leslie, 4th Earl of Rothes">George Leslie, 4th Earl of Rothes</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Leslie,_Countess_of_Morton" title="Agnes Leslie, Countess of Morton">Agnes Leslie, Countess of Morton</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. Margaret Crichton</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Campbell,_1st_Marquess_of_Argyll&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911483-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911483_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911483_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911483_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911483_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYorkeChisholm1911">Yorke & Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 483.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillcock190363-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillcock190363_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillcock190363_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWillcock1903">Willcock 1903</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillcock1903336-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillcock1903336_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWillcock1903">Willcock 1903</a>, p. 336.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''This_Day_in_Presbyterian_History''-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''This_Day_in_Presbyterian_History''_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThis_Day_in_Presbyterian_History"><i>This Day in Presbyterian History</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911483–484-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911483–484_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYorkeChisholm1911">Yorke & Chisholm 1911</a>, pp. 483–484.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYorkeChisholm1911484_6-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYorkeChisholm1911">Yorke & Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 484.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts200068–69-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts200068–69_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoberts2000">Roberts 2000</a>, pp. 68–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson1896101–102-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson1896101–102_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevenson1896">Stevenson 1896</a>, pp. 101–102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser197989,_99–100-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser197989,_99–100_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFraser1979">Fraser 1979</a>, pp. 89, 99–100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECruwysRiffenburgh1995[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_October_2014]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap,_">&#91,_<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32,_(October_2014)">page_needed</span>]]</i>&#93,_</sup>-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruwysRiffenburgh1995[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_October_2014]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap,_">&#91,_<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32,_(October_2014)">page_needed</span>]]</i>&#93,_</sup>_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCruwysRiffenburgh1995">Cruwys & Riffenburgh 1995</a>, pp. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap,">&#91, <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears.&#32, (October 2014)">page needed</span></a></i>&#93, </sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae</i>; by Hew Scott</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenderson1886-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenderson1886_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHenderson1886">Henderson 1886</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Campbell,_1st_Marquess_of_Argyll&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCruwysRiffenburgh1995" class="citation book cs1">Cruwys, Elizabeth; Riffenburgh, Beau (1995). Hicks, Penny (ed.). <i>Explore Britain's Castles</i>. Basingstoke, UK: AA Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7495-1048-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7495-1048-0"><bdi>978-0-7495-1048-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Explore+Britain%27s+Castles&rft.place=Basingstoke%2C+UK&rft.pub=AA+Publishing&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-7495-1048-0&rft.aulast=Cruwys&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.au=Riffenburgh%2C+Beau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Campbell%2C+1st+Marquess+of+Argyll" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraser1979" class="citation book cs1">Fraser, Antonia (1979). <i>King Charles II</i>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 89, 99–100.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+Charles+II&rft.place=London&rft.pages=89%2C+99-100&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=Antonia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Campbell%2C+1st+Marquess+of+Argyll" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson1886" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Henderson, Thomas Finlayson (1886). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Campbell, Archibald (1598-1661)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Campbell,_Archibald_(1598-1661)">"Campbell, Archibald (1598–1661)" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Stephen" title="Leslie Stephen">Stephen, Leslie</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>. Vol. 8. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 319–329.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Campbell%2C+Archibald+%281598%E2%80%931661%29&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pages=319-329&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&rft.date=1886&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Finlayson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Campbell%2C+1st+Marquess+of+Argyll" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2000" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, John Leonard (2000). <i>Clan, king, and covenant: history of the Highland clans from the Civil War to the Glencoe Massacre</i>. Edinburgh University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C5qZ9rTRRIwC&pg=PA68">68</a>–69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-1393-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-1393-9"><bdi>978-0-7486-1393-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clan%2C+king%2C+and+covenant%3A+history+of+the+Highland+clans+from+the+Civil+War+to+the+Glencoe+Massacre&rft.pages=68-69&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-1393-9&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=John+Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Campbell%2C+1st+Marquess+of+Argyll" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevenson1896" class="citation book cs1">Stevenson, J.H., ed. (1896). <i>Scottish Antiquary or Northern Notes and Queries</i>. Vol. XI. Edinburgh: T. and A. Constable. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scottishantiquar11unse/page/101">101</a>-102.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scottish+Antiquary+or+Northern+Notes+and+Queries&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=101-102&rft.pub=T.+and+A.+Constable&rft.date=1896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Campbell%2C+1st+Marquess+of+Argyll" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThis_Day_in_Presbyterian_History" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisday.pcahistory.org/2017/02/february-7-4/">"This Day in Presbyterian History · February 7: Archibald Campbell, Marquis of Argyle"</a>. <i>This Day in Presbyterian History</i>. 7 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=This+Day+in+Presbyterian+History&rft.atitle=This+Day+in+Presbyterian+History+%C2%B7+February+7%3A+Archibald+Campbell%2C+Marquis+of+Argyle&rft.date=2017-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisday.pcahistory.org%2F2017%2F02%2Ffebruary-7-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Campbell%2C+1st+Marquess+of+Argyll" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillcock1903" class="citation book cs1">Willcock, J. (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatmarquesslif00will"><i>The Great Marquess</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Marquess&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Willcock&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatmarquesslif00will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Campbell%2C+1st+Marquess+of+Argyll" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><b>Attribution:</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYorkeChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Yorke, Philip Chesney; Chisholm, Hugh (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Argyll,_Earls_and_Dukes_of" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Argyll, Earls and Dukes of">Argyll, Earls and Dukes of</a>". In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 483–486.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Argyll%2C+Earls+and+Dukes+of&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=483-486&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Yorke&rft.aufirst=Philip+Chesney&rft.au=Chisholm%2C+Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Campbell%2C+1st+Marquess+of+Argyll" class="Z3988"></span> Endnotes: <ul><li><i>Life and Times of Archibald Marquess of Argyll</i> (1903), by John Willcock, who prints for the first time the six incriminating letters to Monk</li> <li><i>Eng. Hist. Review</i>, xviii. 369 and 624</li> <li><i>Scottish History Society</i>, vol. xvii. (1894)</li> <li><i>Charles II. and Scotland in 1650</i>, ed. by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Rawson_Gardiner" title="Samuel Rawson Gardiner">S. R. Gardiner</a>, and vol. xviii. (1895)</li> <li><i>History of Scotland</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lang" title="Andrew Lang">A. Lang</a>, vol. iii. (1904)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Campbell,_1st_Marquess_of_Argyll&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Stevenson, David (May 2006) [2004]. "Campbell, Archibald, marquess of Argyll (1605x7–1661)". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F4472">10.1093/ref:odnb/4472</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Campbell%2C+Archibald%2C+marquess+of+Argyll+%281605x7%E2%80%931661%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F4472&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchibald+Campbell%2C+1st+Marquess+of+Argyll" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Scotland" title="Peerage of Scotland">Peerage of Scotland</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New creation</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Argyll" title="Duke of Argyll">Marquess of Argyll</a> </b><br />1641–1661 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Forfeit </b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Campbell,_7th_Earl_of_Argyll" title="Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll">Archibald Campbell</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Argyll" title="Duke of Argyll">Earl of Argyll</a> </b><br />1638–1661 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Campbell,_9th_Earl_of_Argyll" title="Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll">Archibald Campbell</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Westminster_Assembly" title="Template:Westminster Assembly"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Westminster_Assembly" title="Template talk:Westminster Assembly"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Westminster_Assembly" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Westminster Assembly"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Westminster_Assembly" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Assembly" title="Westminster Assembly">Westminster Assembly</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Standards" title="Westminster Standards">Documents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Confession_of_Faith" title="Westminster Confession of Faith">Westminster Confession of Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Larger_Catechism" title="Westminster Larger Catechism">Westminster Larger Catechism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Shorter_Catechism" title="Westminster Shorter Catechism">Westminster Shorter Catechism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Directory_for_Public_Worship" title="Directory for Public Worship">Directory for Public Worship</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Form_of_Presbyterial_Church_Government" title="The Form of Presbyterial Church Government">Form of Presbyterial Church Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Westminster_Assembly" title="List of members of the Westminster Assembly">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Arrowsmith_(scholar)" title="John Arrowsmith (scholar)">John Arrowsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Ashe" title="Simeon Ashe">Simeon Ashe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Baillie" title="Robert Baillie">Robert Baillie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Baylie" title="Thomas Baylie">Thomas Baylie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Blair_(moderator)" title="Robert Blair (moderator)">Robert Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bolton" title="Samuel Bolton">Samuel Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bond_(jurist)" title="John Bond (jurist)">John Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bridge" title="William Bridge">William Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Brownrigg" title="Ralph Brownrigg">Ralph Brownrigg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Burges" title="Anthony Burges">Anthony Burges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Burges" title="Cornelius Burges">Cornelius Burges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Burroughs" title="Jeremiah Burroughs">Jeremiah Burroughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoniram_Byfield" title="Adoniram Byfield">Adoniram Byfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Byfield" title="Richard Byfield">Richard Byfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Calamy_the_Elder" title="Edmund Calamy the Elder">Edmund Calamy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archibald Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell,_1st_Earl_of_Loudoun" title="John Campbell, 1st Earl of Loudoun">John Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Capel" title="Richard Capel">Richard Capel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caryl" title="Joseph Caryl">Joseph Caryl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Case" title="Thomas Case">Thomas Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Cawdry" title="Daniel Cawdry">Daniel Cawdry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cecil,_2nd_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury">William Cecil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Cheynell" title="Francis Cheynell">Francis Cheynell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Clotworthy,_1st_Viscount_Massereene" title="John Clotworthy, 1st Viscount Massereene">John Clotworthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Coleman" title="Thomas Coleman">Thomas Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Conant" title="John Conant">John Conant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Conway,_2nd_Viscount_Conway" title="Edward Conway, 2nd Viscount Conway">Edward Conway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cook_(regicide)" title="John Cook (regicide)">John Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Corbet" title="Edward Corbet">Edward Corbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Crosse_(theologian)" title="Robert Crosse (theologian)">Robert Crosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Devereux,_3rd_Earl_of_Essex" title="Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex">Robert Devereux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Douglas_(minister)" title="Robert Douglas (minister)">Robert Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calybute_Downing" title="Calybute Downing">Calybute Downing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dury" title="John Dury">John Dury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Earle_(bishop)" title="John Earle (bishop)">John Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Elphinstone,_2nd_Lord_Balmerino" title="John Elphinstone, 2nd Lord Balmerino">John Elphinstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Featley" title="Daniel Featley">Daniel Featley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Feilding,_2nd_Earl_of_Denbigh" title="Basil Feilding, 2nd Earl of Denbigh">Basil Feilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Fiennes" title="Nathaniel Fiennes">Nathaniel Fiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Fiennes,_1st_Viscount_Saye_and_Sele" title="William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele">William Fiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ford_(minister)" title="Thomas Ford (minister)">Thomas Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gataker" title="Thomas Gataker">Thomas Gataker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gillespie" title="George Gillespie">George Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Glynne_(judge)" title="John Glynne (judge)">John Glynne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Goodwin" title="Thomas Goodwin">Thomas Goodwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gouge" title="William Gouge">William Gouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Greenhill" title="William Greenhill">William Greenhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Grey,_1st_Baron_Grey_of_Werke" title="William Grey, 1st Baron Grey of Werke">William Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hacket" title="John Hacket">John Hacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Hale_(jurist)" title="Matthew Hale (jurist)">Matthew Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hammond" title="Henry Hammond">Henry Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Harley_(1579%E2%80%931656)" title="Robert Harley (1579–1656)">Robert Harley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Harris_(Warden)" title="John Harris (Warden)">John Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Harris_(minister)" title="Robert Harris (minister)">Robert Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Haselrig" title="Arthur Haselrig">Arthur Haselrig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Henderson_(theologian)" title="Alexander Henderson (theologian)">Alexander Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Herbert,_4th_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke">Philip Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Herle" title="Charles Herle">Charles Herle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hill_(Cambridge)" title="Thomas Hill (Cambridge)">Thomas Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Holdsworth" title="Richard Holdsworth">Richard Holdsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Howard,_1st_Baron_Howard_of_Escrick" title="Edward Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Escrick">Edward Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Hoyle" title="Joshua Hoyle">Joshua Hoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Johnston" title="Archibald Johnston">Archibald Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ley" title="John Ley">John Ley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lightfoot" title="John Lightfoot">John Lightfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Love" title="Richard Love">Richard Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyford" title="William Lyford">William Lyford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maitland,_1st_Duke_of_Lauderdale" title="John Maitland, 1st Duke of Lauderdale">John Maitland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Marshall_(minister)" title="Stephen Marshall (minister)">Stephen Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_(1604%E2%80%931690)" title="John Maynard (1604–1690)">John Maynard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Mew" title="William Mew">William Mew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Montagu,_2nd_Earl_of_Manchester" title="Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester">Edward Montagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Morley_(bishop)" title="George Morley (bishop)">George Morley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Newcomen" title="Matthew Newcomen">Matthew Newcomen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Nicholson_(English_bishop)" title="William Nicholson (English bishop)">William Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Nye" title="Philip Nye">Philip Nye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Palmer_(Puritan)" title="Herbert Palmer (Puritan)">Herbert Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algernon_Percy,_10th_Earl_of_Northumberland" title="Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland">Algernon Percy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Perne_(Puritan)" title="Andrew Perne (Puritan)">Andrew Perne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pierrepont_(politician)" title="William Pierrepont (politician)">William Pierrepont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pym" title="John Pym">John Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Reynolds" title="Edward Reynolds">Edward Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Reynolds_(MP)" title="Robert Reynolds (MP)">Robert Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Rich,_1st_Earl_of_Holland" title="Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland">Henry Rich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Rous" title="Francis Rous">Francis Rous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Rudyerd" title="Benjamin Rudyerd">Benjamin Rudyerd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Rutherford" title="Samuel Rutherford">Samuel Rutherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sanderson_(theologian)" title="Robert Sanderson (theologian)">Robert Sanderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Scudder_(priest)" title="Henry Scudder (priest)">Henry Scudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Seaman" title="Lazarus Seaman">Lazarus Seaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah_Sedgwick" title="Obadiah Sedgwick">Obadiah Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Selden" title="John Selden">John Selden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josias_Shute" title="Josias Shute">Josias Shute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidrach_Simpson" title="Sidrach Simpson">Sidrach Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Spurstowe" title="William Spurstowe">William Spurstowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Staunton" title="Edmund Staunton">Edmund Staunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sterry" title="Peter Sterry">Peter Sterry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_St_John,_1st_Earl_of_Bolingbroke" title="Oliver St John, 1st Earl of Bolingbroke">Oliver St John (1580–1646)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_St_John" title="Oliver St John">Oliver St John (1598–1673)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Strode" title="William Strode">William Strode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Strong_(priest,_died_1654)" title="William Strong (priest, died 1654)">William Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zouch_Tate" title="Zouch Tate">Zouch Tate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Tozer_(priest)" title="Henry Tozer (priest)">Henry Tozer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Tuckney" title="Anthony Tuckney">Anthony Tuckney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Twisse" title="William Twisse">William Twisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Vane_the_Elder" title="Henry Vane the Elder">Henry Vane the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Vane_the_Younger" title="Henry Vane the Younger">Henry Vane the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Vines_(minister)" title="Richard Vines (minister)">Richard Vines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Walker_(Puritan)" title="George Walker (Puritan)">George Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ward_(scholar)" title="Samuel Ward (scholar)">Samuel Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Westfield" title="Thomas Westfield">Thomas Westfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Wharton,_4th_Baron_Wharton" title="Philip Wharton, 4th Baron Wharton">Philip Wharton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Whitaker" title="Jeremiah Whitaker">Jeremiah Whitaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_White_(colonist_priest)" title="John White (colonist priest)">John White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulstrode_Whitelocke" title="Bulstrode Whitelocke">Bulstrode Whitelocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilde_(jurist)" title="John Wilde (jurist)">John Wilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilkinson_(1610%E2%80%931675)" title="Henry Wilkinson (1610–1675)">Henry Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Yonge_(died_1649)" title="Walter Yonge (died 1649)">Walter Yonge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Young_(theologian)" title="Thomas Young (theologian)">Thomas Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Chamber" title="Jerusalem Chamber">Jerusalem Chamber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Scottish_Commissioners_at_the_Westminster_Assembly" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scottish_Commissioners_at_the_Westminster_Assembly" title="Template:Scottish Commissioners at the Westminster Assembly"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scottish_Commissioners_at_the_Westminster_Assembly" title="Template talk:Scottish Commissioners at the Westminster Assembly"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scottish_Commissioners_at_the_Westminster_Assembly" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scottish Commissioners at the Westminster Assembly"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Scottish_Commissioners_at_the_Westminster_Assembly" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Westminster_Assembly#Scottish_Commissioners" title="List of members of the Westminster Assembly">Scottish Commissioners</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Assembly" title="Westminster Assembly">Westminster Assembly</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Baillie" title="Robert Baillie">Robert Baillie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Blair_(moderator)" title="Robert Blair (moderator)">Robert Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Douglas_(minister)" title="Robert Douglas (minister)">Robert Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gillespie" title="George Gillespie">George Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Henderson_(theologian)" title="Alexander Henderson (theologian)">Alexander Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Rutherford" title="Samuel Rutherford">Samuel Rutherford</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Westminster_abbey_towers_modified.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Westminster_abbey_towers_modified.jpg/50px-Westminster_abbey_towers_modified.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Westminster_abbey_towers_modified.jpg/75px-Westminster_abbey_towers_modified.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Westminster_abbey_towers_modified.jpg/100px-Westminster_abbey_towers_modified.jpg 2x" data-file-width="568" data-file-height="969" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Campbell,_Marquess_of_Argyll" class="mw-redirect" title="Archibald Campbell, Marquess of Argyll">Archibald Campbell, Marquess of Argyll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell,_1st_Earl_of_Loudoun" title="John Campbell, 1st Earl of Loudoun">John Campbell, 1st Earl of Loudoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Elphinstone,_2nd_Lord_Balmerino" title="John Elphinstone, 2nd Lord Balmerino">John Elphinstone, 2nd Lord Balmerino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_Charles_Erskine_of_Alva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sir Charles Erskine of Alva (page does not exist)">Sir Charles Erskine of Alva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Johnston,_Lord_Warriston" class="mw-redirect" title="Archibald Johnston, Lord Warriston">Archibald Johnston, Lord Warriston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kennedy,_6th_Earl_of_Cassilis" title="John Kennedy, 6th Earl of Cassilis">John Kennedy, 6th Earl of Cassilis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maitland,_1st_Duke_of_Lauderdale" title="John Maitland, 1st Duke of Lauderdale">John Maitland, Viscount Maitland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Meldrum_(Covenanter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Meldrum (Covenanter) (page does not exist)">Robert Meldrum (Covenanter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Winram,_Lord_Liberton" title="George Winram, Lord Liberton">George Winram of Liberton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Scots_Worthies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scots_Worthies" title="Template:Scots Worthies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scots_Worthies" title="Template talk:Scots Worthies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scots_Worthies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scots Worthies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Scots_Worthies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/John_Howie_(biographer)" title="John Howie (biographer)">Scots Worthies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Baillie" title="Robert Baillie">Robert Baillie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Balfour_of_Kinloch" title="John Balfour of Kinloch">John Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Binning" title="Hugh Binning">Hugh Binning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Black_(minister)" title="David Black (minister)">David Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Blackadder_(preacher)" title="John Blackadder (preacher)">John Blackadder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyd_(university_principal)" title="Robert Boyd (university principal)">Robert Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_of_Wamphray" title="John Brown of Wamphray">John Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_(moderator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bruce (moderator)">Robert Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Buchanan" title="George Buchanan">George Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Calderwood" title="David Calderwood">David Calderwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cameron_(Covenanter)" title="Richard Cameron (Covenanter)">Richard Cameron</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archibald Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell,_Earl_of_Loudon" class="mw-redirect" title="John Campbell, Earl of Loudon">John Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Cargill" title="Donald Cargill">Donald Cargill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Craig_(reformer)" title="John Craig (reformer)">John Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cunningham_(minister)" title="Robert Cunningham (minister)">Robert Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davidson_(reformer)" title="John Davidson (reformer)">John Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Dickson_(minister)" title="David Dickson (minister)">David Dickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickson_(minister)" title="John Dickson (minister)">John Dickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Duncan_(minister,_died_1626)" title="Andrew Duncan (minister, died 1626)">Andrew Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Durham_(minister)" title="James Durham (minister)">James Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fleming_(minister)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Fleming (minister)">Robert Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Garnock" title="Robert Garnock">Robert Garnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gillespie" title="George Gillespie">George Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gordon,_Viscount_Kenmuir" class="mw-redirect" title="John Gordon, Viscount Kenmuir">John Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gordon_of_Earlston" title="William Gordon of Earlston">William Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gray_(17th-century_divine)" title="Andrew Gray (17th-century divine)">Andrew Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guthrie_(minister)" title="James Guthrie (minister)">James Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Guthrie_(Puritan)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Guthrie (Puritan)">William Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hackston_of_Rathillet" class="mw-redirect" title="David Hackston of Rathillet">David Hackston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hall_(Covenanter)" title="Henry Hall (Covenanter)">Henry Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hamilton_(martyr)" title="Patrick Hamilton (martyr)">Patrick Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hamilton_of_Preston" title="Robert Hamilton of Preston">Robert Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Henderson_(theologian)" title="Alexander Henderson (theologian)">Alexander Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hog" title="Thomas Hog">Thomas Hog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Johnston,_Lord_Warriston" class="mw-redirect" title="Archibald Johnston, Lord Warriston">Archibald Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ker_of_Kersland" title="Robert Ker of Kersland">Robert Ker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kid" title="John Kid">John Kid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_King_(Covenanter)" title="John King (Covenanter)">John King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">John Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Livingstone_(minister)" title="John Livingstone (minister)">John Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_M%27Bean" class="mw-redirect" title="Angus M'Bean">Angus MacBean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Mackail" title="Hugh Mackail">Hugh Mackail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M%27Clellan" title="John M'Clellan">John M'Clellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Melville" title="Andrew Melville">Andrew Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Mill">Walter Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mitchell_(Covenanter)" title="James Mitchell (Covenanter)">James Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Moncrieff_(minister)" title="Alexander Moncrieff (minister)">Alexander Moncrieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_MacWard" title="Robert MacWard">Robert M'Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nevay" title="John Nevay">John Nevay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nisbet" title="John Nisbet">John Nisbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paton_(Covenanter)" title="John Paton (Covenanter)">John Paton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Peden" title="Alexander Peden">Alexander Peden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Renwick_(Covenanter)" title="James Renwick (Covenanter)">James Renwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rollock" title="Robert Rollock">Robert Rollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Row" title="William Row">William Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Rutherford" title="Samuel Rutherford">Samuel Rutherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scrimgeour_(minister)" title="John Scrimgeour (minister)">John Scrimgeour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Semple_(minister)" title="John Semple (minister)">John Semple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Shields" title="Alexander Shields">Alexander Shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Simson" title="Patrick Simson">Patrick Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stuart,_Earl_of_Moray" class="mw-redirect" title="James Stuart, Earl of Moray">James Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Traill_of_Greyfriars" title="Robert Traill of Greyfriars">Robert Traill(f)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Traill_(Scottish_minister)" title="Robert Traill (Scottish minister)">Robert Traill(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Veitch_(minister)" title="William Veitch (minister)">William Veitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Welsh_of_Ayr" title="John Welsh of Ayr">John Welch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josias_Welsh" title="Josias Welsh">Josias Welch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wishart" title="George Wishart">George Wishart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wood_(university_principal)" title="James Wood (university principal)">James Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scotsworthiesrev00howi.png" class="mw-file-description" title="icon"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Scotsworthiesrev00howi.png/200px-Scotsworthiesrev00howi.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Scotsworthiesrev00howi.png/300px-Scotsworthiesrev00howi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Scotsworthiesrev00howi.png/400px-Scotsworthiesrev00howi.png 2x" data-file-width="1064" data-file-height="872" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977300#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977300#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977300#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000006321025X">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000444182731">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/10785271">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/312815402">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/141481/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbRmdcJJ3CYMDGbWFbKh3">WorldCat</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjMBygxcKwgDwHvQyvbQmb">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124655688">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85143174">United States</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84184671">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16296955d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16296955d">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35850397">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p276870301">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810561472305606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1115331">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd124655688.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/124655688">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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