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<li id="toc-Leyte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leyte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3.1</span> <span>Leyte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leyte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3.2</span> <span>Battle of Leyte Gulf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3.3</span> <span>Later operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Iwo_Jima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Battle of Iwo Jima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Iwo_Jima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Okinawa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Okinawa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.5</span> <span>Battle of Okinawa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Okinawa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_the_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_the_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.6</span> <span>End of the war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_the_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Postwar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Footnotes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">USS <i>West Virginia</i> (BB-48)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1,_1921)" title="Уест Вирджиния (линеен кораб, 1921) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уест Вирджиния (линеен кораб, 1921)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)" title="USS West Virginia (BB-48) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="USS West Virginia (BB-48)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)" title="USS West Virginia (BB-48) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="USS West Virginia (BB-48)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_West_Virginia_(1921)" title="USS West Virginia (1921) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="USS West Virginia (1921)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)" title="USS West Virginia (BB-48) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="USS West Virginia (BB-48)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)" title="USS West Virginia (BB-48) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="USS West Virginia (BB-48)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="یواس‌اس وست ویرجینیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یواس‌اس وست ویرجینیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)" title="USS West Virginia (BB-48) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="USS West Virginia (BB-48)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_West_Virginia_(skip_%C3%BAt_1923)" title="USS West Virginia (skip út 1923) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="USS West Virginia (skip út 1923)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)" title="USS West Virginia (BB-48) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="USS West Virginia (BB-48)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)" title="USS West Virginia (BB-48) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="USS West Virginia (BB-48)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_(BB-48)" title="וירג'יניה המערבית (BB-48) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וירג'יניה המערבית (BB-48)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)" title="USS West Virginia (BB-48) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="USS West Virginia (BB-48)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_West_Virginia_(1923)" title="USS West Virginia (1923) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="USS West Virginia (1923)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2_(%E6%88%A6%E8%89%A6)" title="ウェストバージニア (戦艦) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウェストバージニア (戦艦)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_%C2%ABWest_Virginia%C2%BB_(1921)" title="USS «West Virginia» (1921) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="USS «West Virginia» (1921)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)" title="USS West Virginia (BB-48) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="USS West Virginia (BB-48)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)" title="USS West Virginia (BB-48) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="USS West Virginia (BB-48)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)" title="USS West Virginia (BB-48) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="USS West Virginia (BB-48)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)" title="USS West Virginia (BB-48) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="USS West Virginia (BB-48)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)" title="USS West Virginia (BB-48) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="USS West Virginia (BB-48)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%B6%AD%E7%8F%8D%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%99%9F%E6%88%B0%E8%89%A6" title="西維珍尼亞號戰艦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西維珍尼亞號戰艦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1322455#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dreadnought battleship of the United States Navy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other ships with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/USS_West_Virginia" title="USS West Virginia">USS West Virginia</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_West_Virginia_BB-48.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/USS_West_Virginia_BB-48.jpg/300px-USS_West_Virginia_BB-48.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/USS_West_Virginia_BB-48.jpg/450px-USS_West_Virginia_BB-48.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/USS_West_Virginia_BB-48.jpg/600px-USS_West_Virginia_BB-48.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5291" data-file-height="3927" /></a></span><div>USS <i>West Virginia</i> (BB-48) after her reconstruction, in July 1944</div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">History</th></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/107px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span style="padding-left:1em"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td><i>West Virginia</i></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Namesake</td><td><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Ordered</td><td>5 December 1916</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builder</td><td><a href="/wiki/Newport_News_Shipbuilding" title="Newport News Shipbuilding">Newport News Shipbuilding</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Laid down</td><td>12 April 1920</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Launched</td><td>17 November 1921</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Commissioned</td><td>1 December 1923</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Decommissioned</td><td>9 January 1947</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Stricken</td><td>1 March 1959</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Sold for scrap, 24 August 1959</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics (Original configuration)</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Class and type</td><td><a href="/wiki/Colorado-class_battleship" title="Colorado-class battleship"><i>Colorado</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleship</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Displacement</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">32,693 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a> (33,218 t) (design)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">33,590 long tons (34,130 t) (full load)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>624 ft (190 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>97 ft 6 in (29.72 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draft</td><td>30 ft 6 in (9.30 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Installed power</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">8 × <a href="/wiki/Water-tube_boiler#Babcock_&_Wilcox_boilers" title="Water-tube boiler">Babcock & Wilcox boilers</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">28,900 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Shaft_horsepower" title="Horsepower">shp</a> (21,600 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">4 × <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> <a href="/wiki/Turbo-electric_transmission" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbo-electric transmission">turbo-electric drive</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">4 × <a href="/wiki/Propeller" title="Propeller">Propellers</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td>21 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">kn</a> (39 <a href="/wiki/Kilometres_per_hour" title="Kilometres per hour">km/h</a>; 24 <a href="/wiki/Miles_per_hour" title="Miles per hour">mph</a>)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Range</td><td>8,000 nmi (15,000 km; 9,200 mi) at 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Complement</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">64 officers</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1,241 enlisted</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armament</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">8 × <a href="/wiki/16%22/45_caliber_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="16"/45 caliber gun">16 in (406 mm)/45 caliber guns</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">16 × <a href="/wiki/5-inch/51-caliber_gun" title="5-inch/51-caliber gun">5 in (127 mm)/51 caliber guns</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">8 × <a href="/wiki/3-inch/50-caliber_gun" title="3-inch/50-caliber gun">3 in (76 mm)/50 caliber guns</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × <a href="/wiki/Mark_8_torpedo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark 8 torpedo">21 in (533 mm)</a> <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_tubes" class="mw-redirect" title="Torpedo tubes">torpedo tubes</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armor</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Belt_armor" title="Belt armor">Belt</a>: 8–13.5 in (203–343 mm)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Barbette" title="Barbette">Barbettes</a>: 13 in (330 mm)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Gun_turret#Warships" title="Gun turret">Turret</a> face: 18 in (457 mm)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Conning_tower" title="Conning tower">Conning tower</a>: 16 in (406 mm)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Deck_(ship)" title="Deck (ship)">Decks</a>: 3.5 in (89 mm)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics (Final configuration)</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>114 ft (35 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Sensors and <br /> processing systems</td><td><a href="/wiki/CXAM_radar" title="CXAM radar">CXAM-1 radar</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armament</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">8 × 16 in (406 mm)/45 caliber guns</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">16 × <a href="/wiki/5-inch/38-caliber_gun" title="5-inch/38-caliber gun">5 in (127 mm)/38 cal guns</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">40 × <a href="/wiki/Bofors_40_mm_Automatic_Gun_L/60" class="mw-redirect" title="Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60">Bofors 40 mm gun</a> guns</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">43 × <a href="/wiki/Oerlikon_20_mm_cannon" title="Oerlikon 20 mm cannon">Oerlikon 20 mm cannons</a></li> </ul></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>USS <i>West Virginia</i> (BB-48)</b> was the fourth <a href="/wiki/Dreadnought_battleship" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreadnought battleship">dreadnought battleship</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Colorado-class_battleship" title="Colorado-class battleship"><i>Colorado</i> class</a>, though because <a href="/wiki/USS_Washington_(BB-47)" title="USS Washington (BB-47)"><i>Washington</i></a> was cancelled, she was the third and final member of the class to be completed. The <i>Colorado</i> class proved to be the culmination of the <a href="/wiki/Standard-type_battleship" title="Standard-type battleship">standard-type battleship</a> series built for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> in the 1910s and 1920s; the ships were essentially repeats of the earlier <a href="/wiki/Tennessee-class_battleship" title="Tennessee-class battleship"><i>Tennessee</i></a> design, but with a significantly more powerful <a href="/wiki/Main_battery" title="Main battery">main battery</a> of eight 16-inch (406 mm) guns in twin-<a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">gun turrets</a>. <i>West Virginia</i> was built between her <a href="/wiki/Keel_laying" title="Keel laying">keel laying</a> in 1920 and her <a href="/wiki/Ship_commissioning" title="Ship commissioning">commissioning</a> into the Navy in 1923. The ship spent the 1920s and 1930s conducting routine training exercises, including the typically annual <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet Problem">Fleet Problems</a>, which provided invaluable experience for the coming <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">war in the Pacific</a>. </p><p><i>West Virginia</i> was moored on <a href="/wiki/Battleship_Row" title="Battleship Row">Battleship Row</a> on the morning of 7 December 1941 when Japan <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attacked Pearl Harbor</a>, bringing the United States into <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Badly damaged by <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedoes</a>, the ship sank in the shallow water but was later refloated and extensively rebuilt over the course of 1943 and into mid-1944. She returned to service in time for the <a href="/wiki/Philippines_Campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippines Campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines Campaign</a>, where she led the American <a href="/wiki/Line_of_battle" title="Line of battle">line of battle</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Surigao_Strait" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Surigao Strait">Battle of Surigao Strait</a> on the night of 24–25 October. There, she was one of the few American battleships to use her <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> to acquire a target in the darkness, allowing her to engage a Japanese squadron in what was the final action between battleships in naval history. </p><p>After Surigao Strait, the ship remained in the Philippines to support troops fighting during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte" title="Battle of Leyte">Battle of Leyte</a> in 1944 and then supported the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Lingayen_Gulf" title="Invasion of Lingayen Gulf">invasion of Lingayen Gulf</a> in early 1945. The ship also took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">Battles of Iwo Jima</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Okinawa</a> later that year, providing extensive fire support to the ground forces invading those islands. During the latter operation, she was hit by a <i><a href="/wiki/Kamikaze" title="Kamikaze">kamikaze</a></i> that did little damage. Following the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">surrender of Japan</a>, <i>West Virginia</i> took part in the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">initial occupation</a> and thereafter participated in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Magic_Carpet" title="Operation Magic Carpet">Operation Magic Carpet</a>, carrying soldiers and sailors from Hawaii to the mainland United States before being deactivated in 1946. She was decommissioned in 1947 and assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Reserve_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Reserve Fleet">Pacific Reserve Fleet</a>, where she remained until 1959 when she was sold to <a href="/wiki/Ship_breaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship breaker">ship breakers</a> and dismantled. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Colorado-class_battleship" title="Colorado-class battleship">Colorado-class battleship</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)_inboard_and_outboard_profiles_1930s.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_inboard_and_outboard_profiles_1930s.png/220px-USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_inboard_and_outboard_profiles_1930s.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_inboard_and_outboard_profiles_1930s.png/330px-USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_inboard_and_outboard_profiles_1930s.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_inboard_and_outboard_profiles_1930s.png/440px-USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_inboard_and_outboard_profiles_1930s.png 2x" data-file-width="1144" data-file-height="713" /></a><figcaption>Profile drawing of <i>West Virginia</i> as she appeared in 1930</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1916, design work was completed on the next class of battleships to be built for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> beginning in 1917. These ships were nearly direct copies of the preceding <a href="/wiki/Tennessee-class_battleship" title="Tennessee-class battleship"><i>Tennessee</i> class</a>, with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Main_battery" title="Main battery">main battery</a>, which increased from twelve 14-inch (356 mm) guns to eight 16 in (406 mm) guns. The <i>Colorado</i> class proved to be the last class of battleships completed of the <a href="/wiki/Standard-type_battleship" title="Standard-type battleship">standard type</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985137_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985137-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>West Virginia</i> was 624 ft (190 m) <a href="/wiki/Length_overall" title="Length overall">long overall</a> and she had a <a href="/wiki/Beam_(nautical)" title="Beam (nautical)">beam</a> of 97 ft 6 in (29.72 m) and a <a href="/wiki/Draft_(nautical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Draft (nautical)">draft</a> of 30 ft 6 in (9.30 m). She <a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)" title="Displacement (ship)">displaced</a> 32,693 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a> (33,218 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a>) as designed and up to 33,590 long tons (34,130 t) at full load. The ship was powered by four <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> <a href="/wiki/Turbo-electric_transmission" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbo-electric transmission">turbo-electric</a> drives with steam provided by eight oil-fired <a href="/wiki/Babcock_%26_Wilcox_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Babcock & Wilcox boiler">Babcock & Wilcox boilers</a>. The ship's propulsion system was rated at 28,900 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Shaft_horsepower" title="Horsepower">shaft horsepower</a> (21,600 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>) for a top speed of 21 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (39 km/h; 24 mph), though on speed trials she reached 31,268 shp (23,317 kW) and a speed of 21.09 kn (39.06 km/h; 24.27 mph). She had a normal cruising range of 8,000 nmi (15,000 km; 9,200 mi) at 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph), but additional fuel space could be used in wartime to increase her range to 21,100 nmi (39,100 km; 24,300 mi) at that speed. Her crew numbered 64 officers and 1,241 enlisted men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1986118_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1986118-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985445_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985445-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was armed with a main battery of eight <a href="/wiki/16%22/45_caliber_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="16"/45 caliber gun">16 in /45 caliber Mark 1 guns</a> in four twin-<a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">gun turrets</a> on the centerline,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> two forward and two aft in <a href="/wiki/Superfire" class="mw-redirect" title="Superfire">superfiring pairs</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Secondary_armament" title="Secondary armament">secondary battery</a> consisted of sixteen <a href="/wiki/5-inch/51-caliber_gun" title="5-inch/51-caliber gun">5-inch (127 mm)/51 caliber guns</a>, mounted individually in <a href="/wiki/Casemate" title="Casemate">casemates</a> clustered in the superstructure <a href="/wiki/Amidships" class="mw-redirect" title="Amidships">amidships</a>. She carried an <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">anti-aircraft</a> battery of eight <a href="/wiki/3-inch/50-caliber_gun" title="3-inch/50-caliber gun">3-inch (76 mm)/50 caliber guns</a> in individual high-angle mounts. As was customary for <a href="/wiki/Capital_ship" title="Capital ship">capital ships</a> of the period, she had a 21 in (533 mm) <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_tube" title="Torpedo tube">torpedo tube</a> mounted in her hull below the <a href="/wiki/Waterline" title="Waterline">waterline</a> on each <a href="/wiki/Broadside_(naval)" title="Broadside (naval)">broadside</a>. <i>West Virginia</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s main <a href="/wiki/Armored_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Armored belt">armored belt</a> was 8–13.5 in (203–343 mm) thick, while the main armored deck was up to 3.5 in (89 mm) thick. The main battery gun turrets had 18 in (457 mm) thick faces on 13 in (330 mm) <a href="/wiki/Barbette" title="Barbette">barbettes</a>. Her <a href="/wiki/Conning_tower" title="Conning tower">conning tower</a> had 16 in (406 mm) thick sides.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1986118_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1986118-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985445_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985445-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_history">Service history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Service history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prewar_career">Prewar career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prewar career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_West_Virginia_at_1927_naval_review_NARA_19-LC-19C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/USS_West_Virginia_at_1927_naval_review_NARA_19-LC-19C.jpg/220px-USS_West_Virginia_at_1927_naval_review_NARA_19-LC-19C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/USS_West_Virginia_at_1927_naval_review_NARA_19-LC-19C.jpg/330px-USS_West_Virginia_at_1927_naval_review_NARA_19-LC-19C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/USS_West_Virginia_at_1927_naval_review_NARA_19-LC-19C.jpg/440px-USS_West_Virginia_at_1927_naval_review_NARA_19-LC-19C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3771" data-file-height="2834" /></a><figcaption><i>West Virginia</i> during a <a href="/wiki/Naval_review" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval review">naval review</a> in 1927</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Keel" title="Keel">keel</a> for <i>West Virginia</i> was <a href="/wiki/Keel_laying" title="Keel laying">laid down</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Newport_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman Newport News">Newport News Shipbuilding</a> Company of <a href="/wiki/Newport_News,_Virginia" title="Newport News, Virginia">Newport News, Virginia</a> on 12 April 1920. While under construction, she received the <a href="/wiki/Hull_number" title="Hull number">hull number</a> BB-48 on 17 July. Her completed <a href="/wiki/Hull_(watercraft)" title="Hull (watercraft)">hull</a> was <a href="/wiki/Ship_launching" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship launching">launched</a> on 17 November 1921 and she was <a href="/wiki/Ship_commissioning" title="Ship commissioning">commissioned</a> on 1 December 1923. <i>West Virginia</i> was to have been the fourth member of the class, but her <a href="/wiki/Sister_ship" title="Sister ship">sister ship</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Washington_(BB-47)" title="USS Washington (BB-47)"><i>Washington</i></a> was cancelled due to the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Naval_Treaty" title="Washington Naval Treaty">Washington Naval Treaty</a> that was signed in 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1986118_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1986118-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Captain <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Senn" title="Thomas J. Senn">Thomas J. Senn</a> was the ship's first commander. On entering service, she began <a href="/wiki/Sea_trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea trials">sea trials</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Shakedown_cruise" title="Shakedown cruise">shakedown cruise</a>, followed by repairs at Newport News. She then sailed north to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Navy_Yard" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Navy Yard">New York Navy Yard</a> for further alterations. She then steamed south to <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads" title="Hampton Roads">Hampton Roads</a>, and while en route her steering gear malfunctioned. She underwent an overhaul there to correct the problem and she got underway again on 16 June 1924; while cruising through Lynnhaven Channel at 10:10, the <a href="/wiki/Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegraph">telegraphs</a> for the engine room and steering compartment lost power, rendering the ship unmaneuverable. Senn had to use <a href="/wiki/Voice_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice tube">voice tubes</a> to communicate with the engine room, ordering the port engines to full power and the starboard to stop in an attempt to steer the ship away from the shore. But <i>West Virginia</i> drifted in the channel and ran aground, though she was not damaged in the accident. A subsequent inquiry into the incident faulted incorrect navigational data that exaggerated the size of the navigable part of the channel, exonerating Senn and the ship's navigator.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 30 October, <i>West Virginia</i> became the <a href="/wiki/Flagship" title="Flagship">flagship</a> for the <a href="/wiki/ComBatPac" title="ComBatPac">Commander, Battleship Divisions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_Fleet" title="Battle Fleet">Battle Fleet</a>. The ship spent the 1920s conducting routine training exercises and maneuvers with the fleet, punctuated by periodic overhauls; each year's training schedule culminated in the major <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet Problem">Fleet Problems</a> that tested operational and strategic doctrine that proved to be critical in the operations conducted against Japan during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. These operations took place in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, as far north as Alaska and as far south as Panama. In 1925, while Captain <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Japy_Hepburn" title="Arthur Japy Hepburn">Arthur Japy Hepburn</a> commanded the ship, her gunners scored first place during a competition for short range shooting. <i>West Virginia</i> won the <a href="/wiki/Battle_Efficiency_ribbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle Efficiency ribbon">Battle Efficiency ribbon</a> that year as well. Later in 1925, the fleet conducted joint Army-Navy maneuvers in Hawaii to test the defenses of the islands before embarking on a major cruise to visit Australia and New Zealand. <i>West Virginia</i> won Battle Efficiency ribbons in 1927, 1932, and 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Problem_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet Problem X">Fleet Problem X</a> in March 1930, <i>West Virginia</i> was "bombed" by aircraft from the <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Lexington_(CV-2)" title="USS Lexington (CV-2)"><i>Lexington</i></a>. In <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Problem_XI" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet Problem XI">Fleet Problem XI</a>, held the following month, she and the battleship <a href="/wiki/USS_Tennessee_(BB-43)" title="USS Tennessee (BB-43)"><i>Tennessee</i></a> accidentally engaged the carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)"><i>Saratoga</i></a>, a fellow member of the "black" fleet, mistaking her for the "blue" fleet carrier <i>Lexington</i>. The simulated friendly fire cost "black" fleet their carrier and led to calls for improved communication between ships and better ship identification training.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENofi124,_133–134_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENofi124,_133–134-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uss_west_virginia_bb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Uss_west_virginia_bb.jpg/220px-Uss_west_virginia_bb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Uss_west_virginia_bb.jpg/330px-Uss_west_virginia_bb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Uss_west_virginia_bb.jpg/440px-Uss_west_virginia_bb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2505" data-file-height="1344" /></a><figcaption><i>West Virginia</i> in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco Bay</a>, c. 1934</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 1930s, the ship underwent a minor modification. Her battery of 3-inch anti-aircraft guns were replaced with <a href="/wiki/5-inch/25-caliber_gun" title="5-inch/25-caliber gun">5-inch /25 cal. guns</a> and <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning" title="M2 Browning">.50-caliber machine guns</a> were installed on her fore and main masts. She also received <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_catapult" title="Aircraft catapult">aircraft catapults</a> on her <a href="/wiki/Quarterdeck" title="Quarterdeck">quarterdeck</a> and atop the rear superfiring turret.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Problem_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet Problem XIV">Fleet Problem XIV</a> in February 1933, <i>West Virginia</i> and the battleship <a href="/wiki/USS_Arizona" title="USS Arizona"><i>Arizona</i></a> were "damaged" in a surprise attack by "black" fleet <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENofi169_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENofi169-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plans to modernize <i>West Virginia</i> dated to the mid-1930s, when the navy considered modifying the ship extensively; the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Construction_and_Repair" title="Bureau of Construction and Repair">Bureau of Construction and Repair</a> planned to add <a href="/wiki/Anti-torpedo_bulge" title="Anti-torpedo bulge">anti-torpedo bulges</a> that would have restored a considerable amount of buoyancy to the hull, raising her 20 in (510 mm) at the cost of an additional 2,000 long tons (2,032 t) displacement. The work was not carried out, and in 1937 further plans to modernize <i>West Virginia</i>, her sister ships, and the two <i>Tennessee</i>-class ships, were considered. The proposed modifications included new boilers and fire control equipment and the previously suggested bulges. Further development of the modernization program in 1938 was rejected due to its cost and the fact that, even as modernized, the vessels would be inferior to the new <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina-class_battleship" title="North Carolina-class battleship"><i>North Carolina</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota-class_battleship_(1939)" title="South Dakota-class battleship (1939)"><i>South Dakota</i>-class battleships</a> being built.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985207_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985207-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the outbreak of World War II in 1939, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Ernest_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest King">Ernest King</a> led a board to evaluate anti-aircraft defenses of the fleet's ships, and it recommended adding blisters to restore <a href="/wiki/Freeboard_(nautical)" title="Freeboard (nautical)">freeboard</a>, the adoption of <a href="/wiki/5-inch/38-caliber_gun" title="5-inch/38-caliber gun">5 in /38 cal.</a> <a href="/wiki/Dual-purpose_gun" title="Dual-purpose gun">dual-purpose guns</a>, and a strengthening of the ships' decks. The <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Naval_Operations" title="Chief of Naval Operations">Chief of Naval Operations</a> decided that, as a result of the likelihood of war, only the bulges would be fitted, and <i>West Virginia</i> was slated to undergo the work from 10 May to 8 August 1941, though the modification was not carried out.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985207_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985207-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Navy conducted the final iteration of the series, <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Problem_XXI" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet Problem XXI">Fleet Problem XXI</a>, in April 1940, by which time tensions with Japan over the latter's initiation of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> had led the United States to transfer the fleet from California to <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a> in Hawaii as a deterrent to further aggression by Japan. The fleet spent 1941 occupied with extensive training to prepare for the anticipated war with Japan, even after the diplomatic situation increasingly worsened in the final months of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, the Navy sought to improve the anti-aircraft batteries of the fleet's battleships, but production of the new <a href="/wiki/1.1-inch/75-caliber_gun" title="1.1-inch/75-caliber gun">1.1 in (28 mm) guns</a> was slow, so old 3 in guns were reinstalled as a temporary measure. The ship also had eleven .50-cal. machine guns by this time. In June, men aboard <i>West Virginia</i> fabricated an experimental <a href="/wiki/Gun_shield" title="Gun shield">gun shield</a> for the 5 in guns, which were to be applied to other ships. <i>West Virginia</i> was to have had her 1.1 in guns installed in February 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985354–355_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985354–355-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_Japanese_planes_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_Japanese_planes_view.jpg/220px-Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_Japanese_planes_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_Japanese_planes_view.jpg/330px-Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_Japanese_planes_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_Japanese_planes_view.jpg/440px-Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_Japanese_planes_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6404" data-file-height="4543" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Battleship_Row" title="Battleship Row">Battleship Row</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a>; the large column of water visible in the center is one of the torpedo hits on <i>West Virginia</i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pearl_Harbor">Pearl Harbor</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pearl Harbor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a></div> <p>On the morning of 7 December 1941, <i>West Virginia</i> and the rest of the fleet were moored at <a href="/wiki/Battleship_Row" title="Battleship Row">Battleship Row</a> in Pearl Harbor; <i>West Virginia</i> was tied alongside <i>Tennessee</i>. Japanese aircraft appeared over the harbor shortly before 08:00, beginning the surprise attack on the base. <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_bomber" title="Torpedo bomber">Torpedo bombers</a> hit the ship with seven <a href="/wiki/Type_91_torpedo" title="Type 91 torpedo">Type 91 torpedoes</a> on her port side, while <a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">bombers</a> hit her with a pair of 16 in (410 mm) armor-piercing shells that had been converted into bombs. The first bomb hit the port side and penetrated the superstructure deck, causing extensive damage to the casemates below. Secondary explosions of the ammunition stored in the casemates caused serious fires there and in the galley deck below them. The second bomb struck the rear superfiring turret roof; it penetrated but failed to explode. It nevertheless destroyed one of the guns, the <a href="/wiki/OS2U_Kingfisher" class="mw-redirect" title="OS2U Kingfisher">OS2U Kingfisher</a> <a href="/wiki/Floatplane" title="Floatplane">floatplane</a> on the catapult atop the turret, and knocked a second aircraft down to the main deck. That Kingfisher spilled gasoline on the deck that then caught on fire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallin233_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallin233-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the torpedoes hit aft, disabling the <a href="/wiki/Rudder" title="Rudder">rudder</a>, at least three hit below the belt armor, and at least one hit the belt, damaging seven armor plates. These torpedoes opened two large holes in the hull, from frames 43 to 52 and from 62 to 97; at least one torpedo passed through the holes after the ship began to <a href="/wiki/Angle_of_list" title="Angle of list">list</a> and exploded on the second armor deck.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallin233–234_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallin233–234-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERohwer122_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERohwer122-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The torpedo hits caused extensive damage and the ship avoided <a href="/wiki/Capsize" class="mw-redirect" title="Capsize">capsizing</a> only through prompt damage control efforts initiated by Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Claude_V._Ricketts" title="Claude V. Ricketts">Claude V. Ricketts</a>, then the ship's assistant fire control officer. Captain <a href="/wiki/Mervyn_S._Bennion" title="Mervyn S. Bennion">Mervyn S. Bennion</a> was mortally wounded by bomb fragments from a hit on <i>Tennessee</i>; for remaining aboard the ship and assisting in its defense until he died, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After receiving his wounds, Bennion was carried from the bridge by crew members including mess attendant second-class <a href="/wiki/Doris_Miller" title="Doris Miller">Doris Miller</a>. Shortly afterwards, Miller was ordered to man an anti-aircraft gun on the conning tower despite no training in the operation of the weapon, Miller was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Navy_Cross" title="Navy Cross">Navy Cross</a> for his actions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECressman29_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECressman29-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the ship filled with water and slowly sank on an even keel, the crew was evacuated, though a group volunteered to return to fight the fires that had broken out. Fuel oil leaking from the destroyed <i>Arizona</i> caught fire and engulfed <i>West Virginia</i> in flames, which was also fed by her own leaking fuel oil. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHone56_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHone56-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fires were eventually put out the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 106 men were killed in the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnson_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among them were three sailors (Ronald Endicott, Clifford Olds and Louis Costin), who survived in an airtight storeroom until 23 December, according to a calendar found by salvage crews on which sixteen days had been crossed off in red pencil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregory_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregory-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 December 2019, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> announced that eight of the thirty-five unknown remains from <i>West Virginia</i> had been identified.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearl_Harbor_Identifications_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearl_Harbor_Identifications-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div><i>West Virginia</i> during and after the attack</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pearl_Harbor_Japanese_recon_photo_of_battleship_row_80G30551.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Japanese reconnaissance photo showing Battleship Row; West Virginia is leaking fuel from torpedo hits"><img alt="Japanese reconnaissance photo showing Battleship Row; West Virginia is leaking fuel from torpedo hits" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Pearl_Harbor_Japanese_recon_photo_of_battleship_row_80G30551.jpg/160px-Pearl_Harbor_Japanese_recon_photo_of_battleship_row_80G30551.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Pearl_Harbor_Japanese_recon_photo_of_battleship_row_80G30551.jpg/240px-Pearl_Harbor_Japanese_recon_photo_of_battleship_row_80G30551.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Pearl_Harbor_Japanese_recon_photo_of_battleship_row_80G30551.jpg/320px-Pearl_Harbor_Japanese_recon_photo_of_battleship_row_80G30551.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4657" data-file-height="3300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Japanese reconnaissance photo showing Battleship Row; <i>West Virginia</i> is leaking fuel from torpedo hits</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor,_Hawaii_-_NARA_-_197288.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="West Virginia, engulfed in flames"><img alt="West Virginia, engulfed in flames" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor%2C_Hawaii_-_NARA_-_197288.jpg/160px-Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor%2C_Hawaii_-_NARA_-_197288.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor%2C_Hawaii_-_NARA_-_197288.jpg/240px-Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor%2C_Hawaii_-_NARA_-_197288.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor%2C_Hawaii_-_NARA_-_197288.jpg/320px-Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor%2C_Hawaii_-_NARA_-_197288.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2418" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>West Virginia</i>, engulfed in flames</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_West_Virginia;014824.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A motor launch pulls a man from the water"><img alt="A motor launch pulls a man from the water" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/USS_West_Virginia%3B014824.jpg/160px-USS_West_Virginia%3B014824.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/USS_West_Virginia%3B014824.jpg/240px-USS_West_Virginia%3B014824.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/USS_West_Virginia%3B014824.jpg/320px-USS_West_Virginia%3B014824.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5554" data-file-height="4272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A motor launch pulls a man from the water</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Photograph_of_the_damage_done_to_the_USS_West_Virginia,_sunk_in_the_Japanese_raid_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_-_306536.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="West Virginia (right) sunk alongside Tennessee after the attack"><img alt="West Virginia (right) sunk alongside Tennessee after the attack" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Photograph_of_the_damage_done_to_the_USS_West_Virginia%2C_sunk_in_the_Japanese_raid_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_-_306536.jpg/160px-Photograph_of_the_damage_done_to_the_USS_West_Virginia%2C_sunk_in_the_Japanese_raid_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_-_306536.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Photograph_of_the_damage_done_to_the_USS_West_Virginia%2C_sunk_in_the_Japanese_raid_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_-_306536.jpg/240px-Photograph_of_the_damage_done_to_the_USS_West_Virginia%2C_sunk_in_the_Japanese_raid_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_-_306536.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Photograph_of_the_damage_done_to_the_USS_West_Virginia%2C_sunk_in_the_Japanese_raid_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_-_306536.jpg/320px-Photograph_of_the_damage_done_to_the_USS_West_Virginia%2C_sunk_in_the_Japanese_raid_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_-_306536.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3090" data-file-height="2541" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>West Virginia</i> (right) sunk alongside <i>Tennessee</i> after the attack</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_West_Virginia_5-30-42,_Dud_bomg_found_at_Fr._63_Portside_2nd_deck._Approx._weight_1750_lbs._(FCP)_-_NARA_-_296916.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shipyard worker inspecting interior damage in 1942"><img alt="Shipyard worker inspecting interior damage in 1942" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/USS_West_Virginia_5-30-42%2C_Dud_bomg_found_at_Fr._63_Portside_2nd_deck._Approx._weight_1750_lbs._%28FCP%29_-_NARA_-_296916.jpg/160px-USS_West_Virginia_5-30-42%2C_Dud_bomg_found_at_Fr._63_Portside_2nd_deck._Approx._weight_1750_lbs._%28FCP%29_-_NARA_-_296916.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/USS_West_Virginia_5-30-42%2C_Dud_bomg_found_at_Fr._63_Portside_2nd_deck._Approx._weight_1750_lbs._%28FCP%29_-_NARA_-_296916.jpg/240px-USS_West_Virginia_5-30-42%2C_Dud_bomg_found_at_Fr._63_Portside_2nd_deck._Approx._weight_1750_lbs._%28FCP%29_-_NARA_-_296916.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/USS_West_Virginia_5-30-42%2C_Dud_bomg_found_at_Fr._63_Portside_2nd_deck._Approx._weight_1750_lbs._%28FCP%29_-_NARA_-_296916.jpg/320px-USS_West_Virginia_5-30-42%2C_Dud_bomg_found_at_Fr._63_Portside_2nd_deck._Approx._weight_1750_lbs._%28FCP%29_-_NARA_-_296916.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2369" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shipyard worker inspecting interior damage in 1942</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Repairs_and_modernization">Repairs and modernization</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Repairs and modernization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:304px;max-width:304px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)_off_Pearl_Harbor_in_April_1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_off_Pearl_Harbor_in_April_1943.jpg/300px-USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_off_Pearl_Harbor_in_April_1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_off_Pearl_Harbor_in_April_1943.jpg/450px-USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_off_Pearl_Harbor_in_April_1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_off_Pearl_Harbor_in_April_1943.jpg/600px-USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_off_Pearl_Harbor_in_April_1943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4636" data-file-height="3477" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i>West Virginia</i> leaving Pearl Harbor, April 30, 1943</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)_1944_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_1944_7.jpg/300px-USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_1944_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_1944_7.jpg/450px-USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_1944_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_1944_7.jpg/600px-USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_1944_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4751" data-file-height="3577" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i>West Virginia</i> in July 1944</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Workers fixed patches over the two torpedo holes and pumped <i>West Virginia</i> dry, refloating her on 17 May 1942. She was then taken into Dry Dock No. 1 in Pearl Harbor on 9 June for an inspection; it had been initially believed that she had been hit by five torpedoes, but a sixth impact had been discovered during the patching, and this inspection revealed the seventh hit. The shipyard workers then began temporary repairs to make the ship seaworthy, and during this period they discovered the remains of 66 or 70 men who had been trapped below decks when she sank. Some of these had survived for several days in air bubbles with emergency rations and fresh water, but their oxygen and supplies ran out long before the ship was refloated. After completing repairs, <i>West Virginia</i> got underway for the <a href="/wiki/Puget_Sound_Navy_Yard" class="mw-redirect" title="Puget Sound Navy Yard">Puget Sound Navy Yard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bremerton,_Washington" title="Bremerton, Washington">Bremerton, Washington</a> for a thorough reconstruction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallin238_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallin238-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Almost immediately after the attack, the navy began considering the extent to which the old battleships should be modernized, with proposals to replace the lattice masts with other structures that could accommodate the heavier radar equipment being fitted to the fleet's ships. Since <i>West Virginia</i> and <a href="/wiki/USS_California_(BB-44)" title="USS California (BB-44)"><i>California</i></a> had been badly damaged in the Pearl Harbor attack and thus could not be quickly returned to service like the other battleships, they would have the bulges that had been planned before the war installed, which would offset the loss of freeboard incurred by the addition of 1,400 long tons (1,400 t) of deck armor. Plans were also made to install a battery of the dual-purpose 5-inch guns, but the work was deferred as a result of the length of time necessary to reconstruct the ship. In addition, the limited number of drydocks on the west coast slowed the pace of reconstruction, and <i>West Virginia</i> had to wait until <i>Tennessee</i> and <i>California</i> were rebuilt; work on <i>West Virginia</i> was not completed until September 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985357–358,_375_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985357–358,_375-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Work on <i>West Virginia</i> saw the ship radically altered. In addition to the torpedo bulges, her superstructure was completely revised, with the old heavily armored conning tower being removed and a smaller tower erected in its place to reduce interference with the anti-aircraft guns' fields of fire. The new tower had been removed from one of the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn-class_cruiser" title="Brooklyn-class cruiser"><i>Brooklyn</i>-class cruisers</a> that had recently been rebuilt. The foremast was replaced with a tower mast that housed the bridge and the main battery director, and her second funnel was removed, with those boilers being trunked into an enlarged forward funnel. The ship's weapons suite was also overhauled. She received air-search <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> and fire-control radars for her main and secondary batteries, the latter being replaced by a uniform battery of sixteen 5-inch/38 cal. guns in eight twin mounts. These were controlled by four <a href="/wiki/Mark_37_Gun_Fire_Control_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark 37 Gun Fire Control System">Mk 37 directors</a>. The light anti-aircraft battery was again revised, now consisting of ten quadruple <a href="/wiki/Bofors_40_mm_Automatic_Gun_L/60" class="mw-redirect" title="Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60">40 mm (1.6 in) Bofors guns</a> and forty-three 20 mm Oerlikons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_198092_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman_198092-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By early July 1944, the ship was ready to begin sea trials in her post-refit condition. She loaded ammunition on 2 July and departed for trials off <a href="/wiki/Port_Townsend,_Washington" title="Port Townsend, Washington">Port Townsend, Washington</a>, with the evaluations continuing until 12 July, at which point she returned to Puget Sound for repairs. She then steamed south to <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro,_Los_Angeles" title="San Pedro, Los Angeles">San Pedro, Los Angeles</a> for a shakedown cruise before departing for Hawaii on 14 September in company with a pair of escorting <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyers</a>. After arriving there on 23 September, she joined <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battleship_Division_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battleship Division 4 (page does not exist)">Battleship Division 4</a> (BatDiv 4) and the carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Hancock_(CV-19)" title="USS Hancock (CV-19)"><i>Hancock</i></a>, all of which sailed on to <a href="/wiki/Manus_Island" title="Manus Island">Manus</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Islands" title="Admiralty Islands">Admiralty Islands</a> to begin preparations for the upcoming operations in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. The ships arrived in <a href="/wiki/Seeadler_Harbor" title="Seeadler Harbor">Seeadler Harbor</a> on 5 October and the following day, <i>West Virginia</i> became the flagship of <a href="/wiki/Rear_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Rear Admiral">Rear Admiral</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_D._Ruddock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodore D. Ruddock (page does not exist)">Theodore D. Ruddock</a>, the commander of BatDiv 4.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Operations_in_the_Philippines">Operations in the Philippines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Operations in the Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Philippines campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines campaign (1944–1945)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Leyte">Leyte</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Leyte"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte" title="Battle of Leyte">Battle of Leyte</a></div> <p>On 12 October 1944, <i>West Virginia</i> and the rest of the fleet sortied to begin the invasion of the Philippines, starting with the island of <a href="/wiki/Leyte" title="Leyte">Leyte</a>. <i>West Virginia</i> was assigned to Task Group (TG) 77.2, the <a href="/wiki/Naval_gunfire_support" title="Naval gunfire support">shore bombardment</a> force for the operation that was commanded by Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/Jesse_B._Oldendorf" title="Jesse B. Oldendorf">Jesse B. Oldendorf</a>. While en route later that day, <i>West Virginia</i> steamed astern of <i>California</i> and the latter vessel's <a href="/wiki/Paravane_(weapon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paravane (weapon)">paravanes</a> cut the anchor chain for a <a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">naval mine</a>, forcing <i>West Virginia</i> to steer around it; gunfire from a nearby destroyer detonated the mine safely. The invasion fleet arrived in <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_Bay_(Philippines)" title="San Pedro Bay (Philippines)">San Pedro Bay</a> early on 19 October and at 07:00, <i>West Virginia</i> and the rest of TG 77.2 moved into their bombardment positions. They opened fire on targets around <a href="/wiki/Tacloban" title="Tacloban">Tacloban</a>, shelling Japanese positions and providing covering fire for the <a href="/wiki/Underwater_Demolition_Team" title="Underwater Demolition Team">Underwater Demolition Teams</a> that were preparing the invasion beaches for much of the day before withdrawing that evening. In the course of the day's bombardment, she fired a total of 278 shells from her main battery and 1,586 rounds from her secondary guns.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next morning, ground forces from <a href="/wiki/Sixth_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixth United States Army">Sixth Army</a> went ashore and <i>West Virginia</i> remained on station throughout the day to provide naval gunfire support. The fleet came under Japanese air attack, though the ship's anti-aircraft gunners were not able to shoot any aircraft down. On 21 October, while moving into her bombardment station, she lightly <a href="/wiki/Ship_grounding" title="Ship grounding">grounded</a>, damaging three of her propellers. The damaged blades caused vibration that limited her speed to 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph) (or 18 kn (33 km/h; 21 mph) in emergencies). She nevertheless remained on station for the next two days to support the invasion as the soldiers fought their way inland, providing fire support and anti-aircraft defense as the fleet continued to be attacked by Japanese aircraft. Each night she and the rest of TG 77.2 withdrew from the beaches.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERohwer366_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERohwer366-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf">Battle of Leyte Gulf</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Battle of Leyte Gulf"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Battle of Leyte Gulf</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)_firing_during_the_Battle_of_Surigao_Strait_in_October_1944_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_firing_during_the_Battle_of_Surigao_Strait_in_October_1944_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_firing_during_the_Battle_of_Surigao_Strait_in_October_1944_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_firing_during_the_Battle_of_Surigao_Strait_in_October_1944_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_firing_during_the_Battle_of_Surigao_Strait_in_October_1944_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_firing_during_the_Battle_of_Surigao_Strait_in_October_1944_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_firing_during_the_Battle_of_Surigao_Strait_in_October_1944_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="1344" /></a><figcaption><i>West Virginia</i> firing in the darkness in the Surigao Strait</figcaption></figure> <p>The landing on Leyte led to the activation of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Sh%C5%8D-G%C5%8D_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Shō-Gō 1">Operation Shō-Gō 1</a>, the Japanese navy's planned riposte to an Allied landing in the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilmott47_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilmott47-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan was a complicated operation with three separate fleets: the Northern Force under Vice Admiral <a href="/wiki/Jisabur%C5%8D_Ozawa" title="Jisaburō Ozawa">Jisaburō Ozawa</a>, the Center Force under Vice Admiral <a href="/wiki/Takeo_Kurita" title="Takeo Kurita">Takeo Kurita</a>, and the Southern Force under Vice Admiral <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dji_Nishimura" title="Shōji Nishimura">Shōji Nishimura</a>. Ozawa's carriers, by now depleted of most of their aircraft, were to serve as a decoy for Kurita's and Nishimura's battleships, which were to use the distraction to attack the invasion fleet directly.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilmott73–74,_110–123_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilmott73–74,_110–123-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kurita's ships were detected in the <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_Strait" title="San Bernardino Strait">San Bernardino Strait</a> on 24 October 1944, and in the ensuing <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sibuyan_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Sibuyan Sea">Battle of the Sibuyan Sea</a>, American carrier aircraft sank the powerful battleship <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Musashi" title="Japanese battleship Musashi"><i>Musashi</i></a>, causing Kurita to temporarily reverse course. This convinced Admiral <a href="/wiki/William_F._Halsey" class="mw-redirect" title="William F. Halsey">William F. Halsey</a>, the commander of Third Fleet, to send the <a href="/wiki/Fast_carrier_task_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast carrier task force">fast carrier task force</a> to destroy the Northern Force, which had by then been detected.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilmott73–74,_110–123_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilmott73–74,_110–123-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While these maneuvers were occurring, Nishumura's force approached the <a href="/wiki/Surigao_Strait" title="Surigao Strait">Surigao Strait</a> to attack the invasion fleet from the south. His fleet consisted of the battleships <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Yamashiro" title="Japanese battleship Yamashiro"><i>Yamashiro</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Fus%C5%8D" title="Japanese battleship Fusō"><i>Fusō</i></a>, the heavy cruiser <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Mogami_(1934)" title="Japanese cruiser Mogami (1934)"><i>Mogami</i></a>, and four destroyers, supplemented by Vice Admiral <a href="/wiki/Kiyohide_Shima" title="Kiyohide Shima">Kiyohide Shima</a>'s Second Striking Force, consisting of the heavy cruisers <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Nachi" title="Japanese cruiser Nachi"><i>Nachi</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Ashigara" title="Japanese cruiser Ashigara"><i>Ashigara</i></a>, the light cruiser <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Abukuma" title="Japanese cruiser Abukuma"><i>Abukuma</i></a>, and four more destroyers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETully24–28_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETully24–28-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Nishimura's flotilla passed through the strait on the night of 24 October, they came under attack from American <a href="/wiki/PT_boat" title="PT boat">PT boats</a>, followed by destroyers, initiating the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Surigao_Strait" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Surigao Strait">Battle of Surigao Strait</a>. One of these US destroyers torpedoed <i>Fusō</i> and disabled her, though Nishimura continued on toward his objective.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETully152_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETully152-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>West Virginia</i> steamed at the head of the American line. Observers aboard <i>Tennessee</i> spotted the flashes in the distance as the light American craft attacked Nishimura's force, and at 03:02, her search radar picked up the enemy ships at a range of 44,000 yd (40,000 m). <i>West Virginia</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s radar picked them up fourteen minutes later, by which time the range had fallen to 42,000 yd (38,000 m). Oldendorf gave the order to open fire at 03:51, and <i>West Virginia</i> opened fire first a minute later, followed by <i>Tennessee</i> and <i>California</i>, concentrating their fire on <i>Yamashiro</i>; the other American battleships had trouble locating a target with their older, less-effective radars and held their fire. <i>West Virginia</i> probably hit <i>Yamashiro</i> on her bridge with her first <a href="/wiki/Salvo" title="Salvo">salvo</a>, though Nishimura and his staff were not injured at that time. <i>Yamashiro</i> was quickly hit several times by several American vessels that concentrated their fire on her. With <i>Yamashiro</i> badly damaged and burning furiously, the Americans then shifted fire to <i>Mogami</i>, which was also hit several times, suffering severe damage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETully194–196,_201–202_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETully194–196,_201–202-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Artisan_ABSD-1_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The ship on a floating dry dock for repairs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/USS_Artisan_ABSD-1_04.jpg/220px-USS_Artisan_ABSD-1_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/USS_Artisan_ABSD-1_04.jpg/330px-USS_Artisan_ABSD-1_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/USS_Artisan_ABSD-1_04.jpg/440px-USS_Artisan_ABSD-1_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="581" /></a><figcaption><i>West Virginia</i> aboard the floating drydock <a href="/wiki/USS_Artisan" title="USS Artisan">USS <i>Artisan</i></a> for repairs on 13 November 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>At about 04:00, <i>Mogami</i> and then <i>Yamashiro</i> turned to retreat, both burning; the destroyer <a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Shigure_(1935)" title="Japanese destroyer Shigure (1935)"><i>Shigure</i></a> fled with them, though she had not suffered any serious damage. Shortly thereafter, Oldendorf ordered his battleships to make a 150-degree turn, and <i>West Virginia</i> complied at 04:02, leading the other battleships on the new course, which ran parallel to <i>Yamashiro</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s line of retreat. Confusion aboard <i>California</i> led her to fall out of position, and in so doing, mask the rest of the battleships and force them to cease firing to avoid hitting her. Shortly thereafter, reports of Japanese torpedoes in the water prompted the American battleships to turn to the north at 04:18 to avoid them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETully208–210_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETully208–210-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This marked the end of the action, as the remaining Japanese ships retreated in the darkness. In the course of the action, <i>West Virginia</i> fired sixteen salvos at the Japanese ships; this proved to be the last ever battle between battleships.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERohwer375–376_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERohwer375–376-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Later_operations">Later operations</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Later operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 29 October 1944, <i>West Virginia</i>, <i>Tennessee</i>, and the battleship <a href="/wiki/USS_Maryland_(BB-46)" title="USS Maryland (BB-46)"><i>Maryland</i></a> got underway, headed to the navy's advance base at <a href="/wiki/Ulithi" title="Ulithi">Ulithi</a>. From there, <i>West Virginia</i> proceeded on to <a href="/wiki/Espiritu_Santo" title="Espiritu Santo">Espiritu Santo</a> for repairs to her damaged propellers; Ruddock shifted his flag to <i>Maryland</i> during this period. On arriving, she entered the floating drydock <a href="/wiki/USS_Artisan" title="USS Artisan"><i>Artisan</i></a> for maintenance before returning to the Philippines in November. Steaming first to Manus and then to Leyte Gulf, she arrived on 25 November and resumed patrols in the area to defend the fleet from air attacks. On 27 November, the fleet came under another attack and at 11:39, her gunners shot down a <a href="/wiki/Kamikaze" title="Kamikaze">kamikaze</a> suicide aircraft. During further attacks the next day, she assisted in the destruction of several other kamikazes. Ruddock returned to the ship on 30 November, and the battleship remained in the area until 2 December, when she departed for the <a href="/wiki/Palau_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Palau Islands">Palau Islands</a> for replenishment. There, she became the flagship of TG 77.12, the bombardment group for the next landing in the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Mississippi_(BB-41),_USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)_and_HMAS_Shropshire_(73)_bombarding_Luzon_on_8_January_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/USS_Mississippi_%28BB-41%29%2C_USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_and_HMAS_Shropshire_%2873%29_bombarding_Luzon_on_8_January_1945.jpg/220px-USS_Mississippi_%28BB-41%29%2C_USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_and_HMAS_Shropshire_%2873%29_bombarding_Luzon_on_8_January_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/USS_Mississippi_%28BB-41%29%2C_USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_and_HMAS_Shropshire_%2873%29_bombarding_Luzon_on_8_January_1945.jpg/330px-USS_Mississippi_%28BB-41%29%2C_USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_and_HMAS_Shropshire_%2873%29_bombarding_Luzon_on_8_January_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/USS_Mississippi_%28BB-41%29%2C_USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_and_HMAS_Shropshire_%2873%29_bombarding_Luzon_on_8_January_1945.jpg/440px-USS_Mississippi_%28BB-41%29%2C_USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_and_HMAS_Shropshire_%2873%29_bombarding_Luzon_on_8_January_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5713" data-file-height="4332" /></a><figcaption><i>West Virginia</i> astern of <a href="/wiki/USS_Mississippi_(BB-41)" title="USS Mississippi (BB-41)"><i>Mississippi</i></a> firing in <a href="/wiki/Lingayen_Gulf" title="Lingayen Gulf">Lingayen Gulf</a> on 8 January</figcaption></figure> <p>The fleet passed through Leyte Gulf on 12 December, turning south through Surigao Strait the next day and entering the <a href="/wiki/Sulu_Sea" title="Sulu Sea">Sulu Sea</a> for the assault on <a href="/wiki/Mindoro" title="Mindoro">Mindoro</a> in company with TG 78.3, the invasion transport force. After landing ground forces, the transports withdrew on 15 December and <i>West Virginia</i> was tasked with covering their departure. <i>West Virginia</i> refueled in Leyte Gulf and then continued on to the <a href="/wiki/Kossol_Roads" title="Kossol Roads">Kossol Roads</a> in the Palaus, arriving on 19 December. She remained there for the rest of the year, and on 1 January 1945, Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/Ingram_C._Sowell" title="Ingram C. Sowell">Ingram C. Sowell</a> replaced Ruddock as the commander of BatDiv 4. That same day, she sortied as part of TG 77.2. After entering Leyte Gulf on 3 January, the ships steamed into the Sulu Sea, where they came under heavy Japanese air attack the next day; the <a href="/wiki/Escort_carrier" title="Escort carrier">escort carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Ommaney_Bay" title="USS Ommaney Bay"><i>Ommaney Bay</i></a> was badly damaged by kamikazes and was then scuttled; nearby destroyers took off the crew, some of whom were then transferred to <i>West Virginia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 January, the fleet entered the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> and then turned north toward <a href="/wiki/Lingayen_Gulf" title="Lingayen Gulf">Lingayen Gulf</a>; further Japanese air attacks took place throughout the day and <i>West Virginia</i> contributed her guns to the fleet's defense. While on the way, the ship closed with San Fernando Point and bombarded Japanese positions in the area. Waves of kamikazes struck the fleet and hit several ships but <i>West Virginia</i> avoided them. The next day, the <a href="/wiki/Minesweeper" title="Minesweeper">minesweeper</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Hovey" title="USS Hovey"><i>Hovey</i></a> was sunk by a Japanese torpedo and <i>West Virginia</i> took on survivors from the vessel. Over the course of 8–9 January, the ship bombarded the town of <a href="/wiki/San_Fabian,_Pangasinan" title="San Fabian, Pangasinan">San Fabian</a> in Lingayen Gulf to prepare for the invasion that took place later on the 9th. That evening, the survivors from <i>Ommaney Bay</i> and <i>Hovey</i> departed <i>West Virginia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ship continued her fire support mission on 10 January and then spent the next week patrolling Lingayen Gulf to protect the <a href="/wiki/Beachhead" title="Beachhead">beachhead</a>. During this period, she was called on to neutralize defensive positions, destroy ammunition dumps, and shell rail and road junctions to disrupt the Japanese ability to reinforce their positions. Heavy bombardment from <i>West Virginia</i> and the other ships flattened San Fabian. Over the course of the bombardment, she fired 395 main battery shells and more than 2,800 secondary shells. On 21 January, the ship departed at 07:07 to support ground forces fighting in the towns of <a href="/wiki/Rosario,_La_Union" title="Rosario, La Union">Rosario</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santo_Tomas,_La_Union" title="Santo Tomas, La Union">Santo Tomas</a> to the north of Lingayen Gulf, opening fire at 08:15. She remained there for several days, providing fire support, before returning to Lingayen Gulf on 1 February. The ships of TG 77.2 thereafter covered transports carrying supplies for the Army as they arrived to unload their cargo at the beachhead. On 10 February, <i>West Virginia</i> departed for Leyte Gulf.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battle_of_Iwo_Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Battle of Iwo Jima"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</a></div> <p><i>West Virginia</i> passed through San Pedro Bay in Leyte Gulf before proceeding on to Ulithi, which she reached on 16 February 1945. There she joined <a href="/wiki/United_States_Fifth_Fleet" title="United States Fifth Fleet">Fifth Fleet</a> and she immediately began preparations for the attack on <a href="/wiki/Iwo_Jima" title="Iwo Jima">Iwo Jima</a>. She refueled and replenished supplies for the upcoming operation and was ready to depart at 04:00 the next morning; the ship got underway three and a half hours later, escorted by the destroyers <a href="/wiki/USS_Izard" title="USS Izard"><i>Izard</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_McCall_(DD-400)" title="USS McCall (DD-400)"><i>McCall</i></a>. On arriving off the island on 19 February, she joined Task Force (TF) 51, and at 11:25 she received orders to join the bombardment already underway as ground forces landed on the beach. She moved to her assigned station at 11:45 and opened fire an hour later; the <a href="/wiki/USMC" class="mw-redirect" title="USMC">marines</a> fighting ashore directed her fire to target <a href="/wiki/Blockhouse" title="Blockhouse">blockhouses</a>, machine gun positions, tanks, and other Japanese positions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ship withdrew for the evening and returned two days later on 21 February, opening fire at 08:00 and remaining on station all day. During the bombardment, she hit an ammunition or fuel dump, setting off large, repeated explosions for the next two hours. She was hit by a small artillery shell the next day that struck near the forward superfiring turret and wounded one sailor. The ship remained off the island for the rest of the month as the marines fought to secure Iwo Jima from the tenacious Japanese defenders. On 27 February, she neutralized an artillery battery that had been firing on the destroyer <a href="/wiki/USS_Bryant" title="USS Bryant"><i>Bryant</i></a>. The battleship left the following day to replenish ammunition before returning later that day to resume the bombardment. She shelled targets throughout the night to harass the Japanese troops and interdict their movements. <i>West Virginia</i> continued to shell the island for the next three days before departing for Ulithi on 4 March; she arrived there two days later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battle_of_Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Battle of Okinawa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a></div> <p><i>West Virginia</i> then joined <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_naval_order_of_battle#Gunfire_and_Covering_Force_(Task_Force_54)" title="Okinawa naval order of battle">Task Force 54</a> (TF 54) for the next major amphibious assault in the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a>; the ships departed on 21 March 1945 and arrived off the island of <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Island" title="Okinawa Island">Okinawa</a> on 25 March. <i>West Virginia</i> moved to her assigned bombardment station and began to shell the planned landing zones. At 10:29 on 26 March, a single Japanese shell fell some 5,000 yd (4,600 m) off <i>West Virginia</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s port bow; she fired twenty-eight 16-inch shells in response. Intense Japanese air counterattacks began the next morning, and she shot down a <a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_P1Y" title="Yokosuka P1Y">Yokosuka P1Y</a> twin-engined bomber that day. The ship remained off the island for the next few days, bombarding the landing beaches to prepare for the assault that was scheduled for 1 April. Before the attack began, the ship withdrew to replenish ammunition at <a href="/wiki/Kerama_Retto" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerama Retto">Kerama Retto</a>, which had been seized at the start of the campaign to provide an advance base for the invasion fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERohwer404_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERohwer404-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ship returned to the island early on 1 April to support the landings; while approaching Okinawa at 04:45, she had to reverse her engines to avoid colliding with a destroyer that inadvertently crossed her bow in the darkness. As she continued to steam to her assigned station, her anti-aircraft gunners spotted an enemy aircraft, which they shot down; shortly thereafter, a group of four more hostile aircraft appeared, one of which <i>West Virginia</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s guns destroyed. By 06:30, the ship had reached her station just 900 yd (820 m) from shore and began shelling the beach as the landing craft slowly made their way to the landing zone. The ship remained off the island throughout the day, though ground forces initially encountered little resistance and <i>West Virginia</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s guns were not immediately needed. That evening, however, a wave of kamikazes arrived and at 19:03, one of them crashed into <i>West Virginia</i>. The plane struck the ship's superstructure just forward of the No. 2 director for the secondary battery. The resulting explosion killed four and wounded seven in one of the 20 mm gun batteries. The aircraft had been carrying a bomb that penetrated to the second deck, though it failed to detonate; it was later defused by the ship's bomb disposal officer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>West Virginia</i> nevertheless remained off the island through the night, firing <a href="/wiki/Star_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Star shell">star shells</a> to illuminate marine positions to help repel Japanese infiltration attacks. The next day, the dead were <a href="/wiki/Buried_at_sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Buried at sea">buried at sea</a> and the ship returned to bombardment duty shortly thereafter. On 6 April, her gunners shot down an <a href="/wiki/Aichi_D3A" title="Aichi D3A">Aichi D3A</a> <a href="/wiki/Dive_bomber" title="Dive bomber">dive bomber</a>. The next day, the Japanese Navy launched a last strike with a small squadron centered on the battleship <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Yamato" title="Japanese battleship Yamato"><i>Yamato</i></a>, and <i>West Virginia</i> was sent to patrol to the west of the island to intercept any Japanese vessels that broke through heavy American air attacks. On 8 April, the ship received word that most of the Japanese vessels had been sunk or fled. <i>West Virginia</i> resumed bombardment operations and air defense of the fleet. She remained on station until 20 April, when she got underway for Ulithi; she did not reach her destination, however, as she was quickly recalled to replace her sister <a href="/wiki/USS_Colorado_(BB-45)" title="USS Colorado (BB-45)"><i>Colorado</i></a> after the latter suffered an accidental explosion while replenishing ammunition. <i>West Virginia</i> briefly returned to Okinawa, operating off Hagushi Beach in support of <a href="/wiki/XXIV_Corps_(United_States)" title="XXIV Corps (United States)">XXIV Corps</a>. She was then relieved and sailed to Ulithi with the <a href="/wiki/Heavy_cruiser" title="Heavy cruiser">heavy cruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_San_Francisco_(CA-38)" title="USS San Francisco (CA-38)"><i>San Francisco</i></a> and the destroyer <a href="/wiki/USS_Hobson" title="USS Hobson"><i>Hobson</i></a>, arriving there on 28 April.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ship then returned to Okinawa to resume fire support duties, which she carried out through June. During this period, on 1 and 2 June, she destroyed a Japanese blockhouse that had held up the American advance during a series of bombardments. On 16 June, having moved south to support the <a href="/wiki/1st_Marine_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Marine Regiment">1st Marine Regiment</a>, one of the ship's Kingfishers was shot down by Japanese fire. The pilot and observer both bailed out from the aircraft, but they fell behind Japanese lines and were pinned down. <i>West Virginia</i>, the destroyer <a href="/wiki/USS_Putnam_(DD-757)" title="USS Putnam (DD-757)"><i>Putnam</i></a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Landing_Craft,_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Landing Craft, Infantry">Landing Craft, Infantry</a> attempted to suppress the Japanese defenses in the area so ground forces could break through and rescue the downed air crew, but the effort failed and the men were killed. The ship received another Kingfisher from <i>Tennessee</i>, allowing her to continue to support the forces ashore through the end of the month.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="End_of_the_war">End of the war</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: End of the war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)_anchored_in_Sagami_Wan,_Japan,_August_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_anchored_in_Sagami_Wan%2C_Japan%2C_August_1945.jpg/220px-USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_anchored_in_Sagami_Wan%2C_Japan%2C_August_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_anchored_in_Sagami_Wan%2C_Japan%2C_August_1945.jpg/330px-USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_anchored_in_Sagami_Wan%2C_Japan%2C_August_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_anchored_in_Sagami_Wan%2C_Japan%2C_August_1945.jpg/440px-USS_West_Virginia_%28BB-48%29_anchored_in_Sagami_Wan%2C_Japan%2C_August_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5739" data-file-height="4305" /></a><figcaption><i>West Virginia</i> anchored in <a href="/wiki/Sagami_Bay" title="Sagami Bay">Sagami Bay</a> in August 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>At the end of June 1945, the ship left Okinawan waters for San Pedro Bay in company with the <a href="/wiki/Destroyer_escort" title="Destroyer escort">destroyer escort</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Connolly" title="USS Connolly"><i>Connolly</i></a>, arriving there on 1 July. Four days later, she received a group of replacement crewmen, and after loading ammunition there, began training in preparation for the expected <a href="/wiki/Operation_Downfall" title="Operation Downfall">invasion of Kyushu</a>, the invasion of the Japanese mainland. These operations continued through July, and on 3 August she got underway for Okinawa, arriving in <a href="/wiki/Buckner_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Buckner Bay">Buckner Bay</a> on 6 August. That day, the first <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bomb">atomic bomb</a> was <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">dropped on Hiroshima</a>, and a second was dropped on <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> three days later. After these two attacks, rumors spread on 10 August that the Japanese would surrender, prompting celebrations among the crews of the ships in Okinawa, though two days later the battleship <a href="/wiki/USS_Pennsylvania_(BB-38)" title="USS Pennsylvania (BB-38)"><i>Pennsylvania</i></a> was torpedoed by a Japanese submarine. <i>West Virginia</i> sent a <a href="/wiki/Whaleboat" title="Whaleboat">whaleboat</a> with pumps to assist the damaged battleship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 August, the Japanese surrendered, and <i>West Virginia</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s contingent of marines began preparations for the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">occupation of Japan</a>. The ship departed on 24 August, headed for <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Bay" title="Tokyo Bay">Tokyo Bay</a>, assigned to TG 35.90, arriving there on 31 August. She was present during the formal surrender ceremonies aboard the battleship <a href="/wiki/USS_Missouri_(BB-63)" title="USS Missouri (BB-63)"><i>Missouri</i></a> on 2 September, and <i>West Virginia</i> loaned five musicians from the ship's band to play during the ceremony. <i>West Virginia</i> remained in Tokyo for the next two weeks to assist with the initial occupation effort, and on 14 September she took on a group of 270 passengers to be carried back to the United States. The ship got underway on 20 September with TG 30.4 for Okinawa; after a stop in Buckner Bay on 23 September, she continued on to Pearl Harbor, arriving there on 4 October. There, her crew repainted the ship before departing on 9 October for <a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, California">San Diego, California</a>, which she reached on 22 October. Sowell left the ship two days later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the course of the war, <i>West Virginia</i> was awarded five <a href="/wiki/Battle_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle star">battle stars</a>, despite having missed much of the war due to the severe damage suffered at Pearl Harbor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postwar">Postwar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Postwar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Navy_Day#United_States" title="Navy Day">Navy Day</a> celebrations on 27 October 1945, some 25,554 people visited the ship. Three days later, she departed for Pearl Harbor to begin her role in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Magic_Carpet" title="Operation Magic Carpet">Operation Magic Carpet</a>, the repatriation effort to return American servicemen from the Pacific. She took on passengers in Pearl Harbor and carried them back to San Diego, making three runs through the end of the year, the last arriving in San Diego on 17 December. She remained in port until 4 January 1946, when she departed for Bremerton, arriving there on 12 January, where she was taken to be deactivated. She was moved to <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, Washington, four days later and tied up alongside <i>Colorado</i>. Further work to prepare her for the reserve fleet continued into February and she was formally decommissioned on 9 January 1947, assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Reserve_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Reserve Fleet">Pacific Reserve Fleet</a>. <i>West Virginia</i> remained in the navy's inventory until 1 March 1959, when she was struck from the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Vessel_Register" title="Naval Vessel Register">Naval Vessel Register</a> and placed for sale; she was sold on 24 August to the Union Minerals & Alloys Corp.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and towed to Todd-Pacific Shipyard in Seattle on 3 January 1961 to be <a href="/wiki/Ship_breaking" title="Ship breaking">broken up</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-West_Virginia_Departmeint_of_Arts,_Culture,_and_History_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West_Virginia_Departmeint_of_Arts,_Culture,_and_History-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several parts of the ship are preserved in locations throughout the United States, primarily in West Virginia. One of her anti-aircraft guns is on display in City Park in <a href="/wiki/Parkersburg,_West_Virginia" title="Parkersburg, West Virginia">Parkersburg, West Virginia</a>, and the ship's wheel and <a href="/wiki/Binnacle" title="Binnacle">binnacle</a> are on display at the <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads_Naval_Museum" title="Hampton Roads Naval Museum">Hampton Roads Naval Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin34_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin34-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the ship was sold for scrap, students at <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_University" title="West Virginia University">West Virginia University</a> helped raise funds to preserve the ship's mast, which is housed on the campus. The ship's bell is on display at the <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_State_Museum" title="West Virginia State Museum">West Virginia State Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWiles_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWiles-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, governor <a href="/wiki/Cecil_H._Underwood" title="Cecil H. Underwood">Cecil Underwood</a> issued a proclamation on the 59th anniversary of the Pearl Harbor attack naming <a href="/wiki/Interstate_470_(Ohio%E2%80%93West_Virginia)" title="Interstate 470 (Ohio–West Virginia)">Interstate 470</a> in West Virginia the USS <i>West Virginia</i> Memorial Highway.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECharleston_Daily_Mail_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECharleston_Daily_Mail-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">/45 caliber refers to the length of the gun in terms of <a href="/wiki/Caliber_(artillery)" title="Caliber (artillery)">caliber</a>. The length of a /45 caliber gun is 45 times its bore diameter.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985137-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985137_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFriedman_1985">Friedman 1985</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1986118-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1986118_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1986118_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1986118_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFriedman_1986">Friedman 1986</a>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985445-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985445_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985445_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFriedman_1985">Friedman 1985</a>, p. 445.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDANFS-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDANFS_5-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDANFS">DANFS</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENofi124,_133–134-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENofi124,_133–134_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNofi">Nofi</a>, pp. 124, 133–134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENofi169-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENofi169_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNofi">Nofi</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985207-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985207_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985207_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFriedman_1985">Friedman 1985</a>, p. 207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985354–355-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985354–355_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFriedman_1985">Friedman 1985</a>, pp. 354–355.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallin233-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallin233_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWallin">Wallin</a>, p. 233.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallin233–234-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallin233–234_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWallin">Wallin</a>, pp. 233–234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERohwer122-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERohwer122_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRohwer">Rohwer</a>, p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECressman29-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECressman29_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCressman">Cressman</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHone56-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHone56_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHone">Hone</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnson_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJohnson">Johnson</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregory-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregory_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGregory">Gregory</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearl_Harbor_Identifications-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearl_Harbor_Identifications_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPearl_Harbor_Identifications">Pearl Harbor Identifications</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallin238-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallin238_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWallin">Wallin</a>, p. 238.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985357–358,_375-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_1985357–358,_375_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFriedman_1985">Friedman 1985</a>, pp. 357–358, 375.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedman_198092-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedman_198092_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFriedman_1980">Friedman 1980</a>, p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERohwer366-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERohwer366_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRohwer">Rohwer</a>, p. 366.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilmott47-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilmott47_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilmott">Wilmott</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilmott73–74,_110–123-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilmott73–74,_110–123_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilmott73–74,_110–123_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilmott">Wilmott</a>, pp. 73–74, 110–123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETully24–28-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETully24–28_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTully">Tully</a>, pp. 24–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETully152-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETully152_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTully">Tully</a>, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETully194–196,_201–202-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETully194–196,_201–202_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTully">Tully</a>, pp. 194–196, 201–202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETully208–210-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETully208–210_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTully">Tully</a>, pp. 208–210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERohwer375–376-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERohwer375–376_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRohwer">Rohwer</a>, pp. 375–376.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERohwer404-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERohwer404_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRohwer">Rohwer</a>, p. 404.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-West_Virginia_Departmeint_of_Arts,_Culture,_and_History-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-West_Virginia_Departmeint_of_Arts,_Culture,_and_History_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wvculture.org/history/usswv/usswv8.html">"USSWV"</a>. <i>West Virginia Departmeint of Arts, Culture, and History</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=West+Virginia+Departmeint+of+Arts%2C+Culture%2C+and+History&rft.atitle=USSWV&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wvculture.org%2Fhistory%2Fusswv%2Fusswv8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+West+Virginia+%28BB-48%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin34-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin34_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartin">Martin</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWiles-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWiles_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWiles">Wiles</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECharleston_Daily_Mail-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECharleston_Daily_Mail_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCharleston_Daily_Mail">Charleston Daily Mail</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCressman" class="citation book cs1">Cressman, Robert (2016). <i>The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II</i>. Annapolis: US Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781682471548" title="Special:BookSources/9781682471548"><bdi>9781682471548</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+Chronology+of+the+U.S.+Navy+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Annapolis&rft.pub=US+Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781682471548&rft.aulast=Cressman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+West+Virginia+%28BB-48%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman_1980" class="citation book cs1">Friedman, Norman (1980). "United States of America". In Gardiner, Robert & Chesneau, Roger (eds.). <i>Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946</i>. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. pp. 86–166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-913-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-913-9"><bdi>978-0-87021-913-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=United+States+of+America&rft.btitle=Conway%27s+All+the+World%27s+Fighting+Ships+1922%E2%80%931946&rft.place=Annapolis&rft.pages=86-166&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-87021-913-9&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+West+Virginia+%28BB-48%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman_1985" class="citation book cs1">Friedman, Norman (1985). <i>U.S. Battleships: An Illustrated Design History</i>. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-715-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-87021-715-1"><bdi>0-87021-715-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+Battleships%3A+An+Illustrated+Design+History&rft.place=Annapolis&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-87021-715-1&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+West+Virginia+%28BB-48%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman_1986" class="citation book cs1">Friedman, Norman (1986). "United States of America". In Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_z3o0"><i>Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921</i></a>. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 105–133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85177-245-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85177-245-5"><bdi>978-0-85177-245-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=United+States+of+America&rft.btitle=Conway%27s+All+the+World%27s+Fighting+Ships+1906%E2%80%931921&rft.place=London&rft.pages=105-133&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-85177-245-5&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconwaysallworlds0000unse_z3o0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+West+Virginia+%28BB-48%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregory" class="citation news cs1">Gregory, Eric (7 December 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/16-days-to-die-at-pearl-harbor-families-werent-told-about-sailors-trapped-inside-sunken-battleship/">"16 days to die at Pearl Harbor: Families weren't told about sailors trapped inside sunken battleship"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seattle_Times" title="The Seattle Times">The Seattle Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=16+days+to+die+at+Pearl+Harbor%3A+Families+weren%27t+told+about+sailors+trapped+inside+sunken+battleship&rft.date=1995-12-07&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seattletimes.com%2Fnation-world%2F16-days-to-die-at-pearl-harbor-families-werent-told-about-sailors-trapped-inside-sunken-battleship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+West+Virginia+%28BB-48%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHone" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_C._Hone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas C. Hone (page does not exist)">Hone, Thomas C.</a> (1977). "The Destruction of the Battle Line at Pearl Harbor". <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_(magazine)" title="Proceedings (magazine)">Proceedings</a></i>. <b>103</b> (12). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Institute" title="United States Naval Institute">United States Naval Institute</a>: 56.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings&rft.atitle=The+Destruction+of+the+Battle+Line+at+Pearl+Harbor&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=56&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Hone&rft.aufirst=Thomas+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+West+Virginia+%28BB-48%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Shauna (6 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wvmetronews.com/2016/12/03/uss-west-virginia-the-focus-of-new-culture-center-exhibit-opening-for-75th-pearl-harbor-anniversary/">"USS West Virginia the Focus of New Culture Center Exhibit Opening for 75th Pearl Harbor Anniversary"</a>. MetroNews<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USS+West+Virginia+the+Focus+of+New+Culture+Center+Exhibit+Opening+for+75th+Pearl+Harbor+Anniversary&rft.pub=MetroNews&rft.date=2016-12-06&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Shauna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwvmetronews.com%2F2016%2F12%2F03%2Fuss-west-virginia-the-focus-of-new-culture-center-exhibit-opening-for-75th-pearl-harbor-anniversary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+West+Virginia+%28BB-48%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Robert J. (1997). <i>USS West Virginia (BB-48)</i>. Nashville: Turner Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56311-341-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56311-341-3"><bdi>978-1-56311-341-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=USS+West+Virginia+%28BB-48%29&rft.place=Nashville&rft.pub=Turner+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-56311-341-3&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+West+Virginia+%28BB-48%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNofi" class="citation book cs1">Nofi, Albert (2010). <i>To Train The Fleet For War: The U.S. Navy Fleet Problems, 1923–40</i>. Washington D.C.: Naval War College Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884733-87-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884733-87-1"><bdi>978-1-884733-87-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Train+The+Fleet+For+War%3A+The+U.S.+Navy+Fleet+Problems%2C+1923%E2%80%9340&rft.place=Washington+D.C.&rft.pub=Naval+War+College+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-884733-87-1&rft.aulast=Nofi&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+West+Virginia+%28BB-48%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRohwer" class="citation book cs1">Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). <i>Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945 – The Naval History of World War Two</i>. London: Chatham Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-119-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-119-8"><bdi>978-1-59114-119-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronology+of+the+War+at+Sea+1939%E2%80%931945+%E2%80%93+The+Naval+History+of+World+War+Two&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Chatham+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-59114-119-8&rft.aulast=Rohwer&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+West+Virginia+%28BB-48%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTully" class="citation book cs1">Tully, Anthony P. (2009). <i>Battle of Surigao Strait</i>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35242-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35242-2"><bdi>978-0-253-35242-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battle+of+Surigao+Strait&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-253-35242-2&rft.aulast=Tully&rft.aufirst=Anthony+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+West+Virginia+%28BB-48%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharleston_Daily_Mail" class="citation news cs1">"Veterans lead remembrances of Pearl Harbor: Interstate named to commemorate USS West Virginia". <i><a href="/wiki/Charleston_Daily_Mail" title="Charleston Daily Mail">Charleston Daily Mail</a></i>. Associated Press. 8 December 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/331936842">331936842</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Charleston+Daily+Mail&rft.atitle=Veterans+lead+remembrances+of+Pearl+Harbor%3A+Interstate+named+to+commemorate+USS+West+Virginia&rft.date=2000-12-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+West+Virginia+%28BB-48%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallin" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Homer_N._Wallin" title="Homer N. Wallin">Wallin, Homer N.</a> (1968). <i>Pearl Harbor: Why, How, Fleet Salvage and Final Appraisal</i>. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Navy. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89875-565-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-89875-565-4"><bdi>0-89875-565-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pearl+Harbor%3A+Why%2C+How%2C+Fleet+Salvage+and+Final+Appraisal&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Department+of+the+Navy&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=0-89875-565-4&rft.aulast=Wallin&rft.aufirst=Homer+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+West+Virginia+%28BB-48%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDANFS" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/w/west-virginia-ii.html">"West Virginia II (BB-48)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_American_Naval_Fighting_Ships" title="Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships">Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">Navy Department</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naval_History_and_Heritage_Command" title="Naval History and Heritage Command">Naval History and Heritage Command</a>. 12 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+American+Naval+Fighting+Ships&rft.atitle=West+Virginia+II+%28BB-48%29&rft.date=2016-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.navy.mil%2Fresearch%2Fhistories%2Fship-histories%2Fdanfs%2Fw%2Fwest-virginia-ii.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+West+Virginia+%28BB-48%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearl_Harbor_Identifications" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dpaa.mil/News-Stories/Recent-News-Stories/Article/2033698/update-on-pearl-harbor-identifications/">"Update on Pearl Harbor Identifications"</a>. <i>dpaa.mil</i>. Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency. 6 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dpaa.mil&rft.atitle=Update+on+Pearl+Harbor+Identifications&rft.date=2019-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dpaa.mil%2FNews-Stories%2FRecent-News-Stories%2FArticle%2F2033698%2Fupdate-on-pearl-harbor-identifications%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+West+Virginia+%28BB-48%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiles" class="citation web cs1">Wiles, Sunshine (6 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wvmetronews.com/2016/12/06/history-of-uss-west-virginia-recounted-for-75th-anniversary-of-pearl-harbor-attack/">"History of USS West Virginia Recounted for 75th Anniversary of Pearl Harbor Attack"</a>. MetroNews<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+USS+West+Virginia+Recounted+for+75th+Anniversary+of+Pearl+Harbor+Attack&rft.pub=MetroNews&rft.date=2016-12-06&rft.aulast=Wiles&rft.aufirst=Sunshine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwvmetronews.com%2F2016%2F12%2F06%2Fhistory-of-uss-west-virginia-recounted-for-75th-anniversary-of-pearl-harbor-attack%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+West+Virginia+%28BB-48%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilmott" class="citation book cs1">Wilmott, H. P. (2015). <i>The Battle of Leyte Gulf: The Last Fleet Action</i>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253019011" title="Special:BookSources/9780253019011"><bdi>9780253019011</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Leyte+Gulf%3A+The+Last+Fleet+Action&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780253019011&rft.aulast=Wilmott&rft.aufirst=H.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+West+Virginia+%28BB-48%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHone2024" class="citation journal cs1">Hone, Tom (2024). "New Wine in Old Bottles: Rebuilding Battleships 43, 44, and 48 for World War II". <i>Warship International</i>. <b>LXI</b> (3): 192–214. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0043-0374">0043-0374</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Warship+International&rft.atitle=New+Wine+in+Old+Bottles%3A+Rebuilding+Battleships+43%2C+44%2C+and+48+for+World+War+II&rft.volume=LXI&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=192-214&rft.date=2024&rft.issn=0043-0374&rft.aulast=Hone&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+West+Virginia+%28BB-48%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2019" class="citation journal cs1">Wright, Christopher C. (September 2019). "Question 7/56: Concerning What Radar Systems Were Installed on U.S. Asiatic Fleet Ships in December 1941". <i>Warship International</i>. <b>LVI</b> (3): 192–198. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0043-0374">0043-0374</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Warship+International&rft.atitle=Question+7%2F56%3A+Concerning+What+Radar+Systems+Were+Installed+on+U.S.+Asiatic+Fleet+Ships+in+December+1941&rft.volume=LVI&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=192-198&rft.date=2019-09&rft.issn=0043-0374&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Christopher+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+West+Virginia+%28BB-48%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:USS_West_Virginia_(BB-48)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:USS West Virginia (BB-48)">USS West Virginia (BB-48)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usswv.lib.wvu.edu/">USS <i>West Virginia</i> Digital Photograph Collection</a> from the <a 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(BB-45)"><i>Colorado</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Maryland_(BB-46)" title="USS Maryland (BB-46)"><i>Maryland</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Washington_(BB-47)" title="USS Washington (BB-47)"><i>Washington</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>West Virginia</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Preceded by: <a href="/wiki/Tennessee-class_battleship" title="Tennessee-class battleship"><i>Tennessee</i> class</a></li> <li>Followed by: <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota-class_battleship_(1920)" title="South Dakota-class battleship (1920)"><i>South Dakota</i> class</a> (planned) / <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina-class_battleship" title="North Carolina-class battleship"><i>North Carolina</i> class</a> (actual)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battleships_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="List of battleships of the United States Navy">List of battleships of the United States Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pearl_Harbor_attack" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pearl_Harbor_attack" title="Template:Pearl Harbor attack"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pearl_Harbor_attack" title="Template talk:Pearl Harbor attack"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pearl_Harbor_attack" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pearl Harbor attack"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pearl_Harbor_attack" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor attack</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attack</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Prelude to the attack on Pearl Harbor">Prelude to the attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_battle_of_the_Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of battle of the Attack on Pearl Harbor">Order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_ships_present_at_Pearl_Harbor,_December_7,_1941" title="List of United States Navy ships present at Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941">Present US ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battleship_Row" title="Battleship Row">Battleship Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niihau_incident" title="Niihau incident">Niihau incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japanese<br />carriers<br />involved</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Akagi" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Akagi">Akagi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Kaga" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Kaga">Kaga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_S%C5%8Dry%C5%AB" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Sōryū">Sōryū</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiry%C5%AB" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Hiryū">Hiryū</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Sh%C5%8Dkaku" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Shōkaku">Shōkaku</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Zuikaku" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Zuikaku">Zuikaku</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States<br />ships sunk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Arizona_(BB-39)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Arizona (BB-39)"><i>Arizona</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Arizona_salvaged_artifacts" title="USS Arizona salvaged artifacts">salvaged artifacts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_California_(BB-44)" title="USS California (BB-44)"><i>California</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Oglala" title="USS Oglala"><i>Oglala</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Oklahoma_(BB-37)" title="USS Oklahoma (BB-37)"><i>Oklahoma</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Shaw_(DD-373)" title="USS Shaw (DD-373)"><i>Shaw</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Sotoyomo_(YTM-9)" title="USS Sotoyomo (YTM-9)"><i>Sotoyomo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Utah_(BB-31)" title="USS Utah (BB-31)"><i>Utah</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>West Virginia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YFD-2" title="YFD-2"><i>YFD-2</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consequences_of_the_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor">Consequences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoroku_Yamamoto%27s_sleeping_giant_quote" title="Isoroku Yamamoto's sleeping giant quote">Sleeping giant quote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Infamy_speech" title="Day of Infamy speech">Day of Infamy speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Japan" title="United States declaration of war on Japan">U.S. declaration of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_declaration_of_war_on_Japan" title="United Kingdom declaration of war on Japan">U.K. declaration of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Commissions" title="Roberts Commissions">Roberts Commissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Committee_on_the_Investigation_of_the_Pearl_Harbor_Attack" title="United States Congressional Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack">Pearl Harbor Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Medal_of_Honor_recipients_for_the_Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Attack on Pearl Harbor">Medal of Honor recipients</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Remembrance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Pearl_Harbor_Remembrance_Day" title="National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day">Remembrance Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Arizona_Memorial" title="USS Arizona Memorial">USS <i>Arizona</i> Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_Survivors_Association" title="Pearl Harbor Survivors Association">Survivors Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_Commemorative_Medal" title="Pearl Harbor Commemorative Medal">Commemorative Medal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Crisis:_The_Japanese_Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_and_Southeast_Asia" title="Crisis: The Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor and Southeast Asia">Crisis: The Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor and Southeast Asia</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Days_of_Infamy_series" title="Days of Infamy series"><i>Days of Infamy</i> series</a> (2004–05)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War_series" title="Pacific War series"><i>Pacific War</i> series</a> (2007–08)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Secret_Agent_of_Japan" title="Secret Agent of Japan">Secret Agent of Japan</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_War_at_Sea_from_Hawaii_to_Malaya" title="The War at Sea from Hawaii to Malaya">The War at Sea from Hawaii to Malaya</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_(film)" title="Air Force (film)">Air Force</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/This_Is_the_Army" title="This Is the Army">This Is the Army</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/December_7th_(film)" title="December 7th (film)">December 7th</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_(film)" title="Task Force (film)">Task Force</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/From_Here_to_Eternity" title="From Here to Eternity">From Here to Eternity</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Revolt_of_Mamie_Stover_(film)" title="The Revolt of Mamie Stover (film)">The Revolt of Mamie Stover</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Storm_Over_the_Pacific" title="Storm Over the Pacific">Storm Over the Pacific</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Harm%27s_Way" title="In Harm's Way">In Harm's Way</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tora!_Tora!_Tora!" title="Tora! Tora! Tora!">Tora! Tora! Tora!</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1941_(film)" title="1941 (film)">1941</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Final_Countdown_(film)" title="The Final Countdown (film)">The Final Countdown</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_(film)" title="Pearl Harbor (film)">Pearl Harbor</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Midway_(2019_film)" title="Midway (2019 film)">Midway</a></i> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulnerability_of_Pearl_Harbor_in_1941" title="Vulnerability of Pearl Harbor in 1941">Vulnerability of Pearl Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_advance-knowledge_conspiracy_theory" title="Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory">Advance-knowledge conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_in_popular_culture" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor in popular culture">In popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_December_1941" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:December_1941_shipwrecks" title="Template:December 1941 shipwrecks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:December_1941_shipwrecks" title="Template talk:December 1941 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:December_1941_shipwrecks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:December 1941 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_December_1941" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in December 1941</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_December_1941" title="List of shipwrecks in December 1941">Shipwrecks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2 Dec: <a href="/wiki/SMS_M68" title="SMS M68"><i>Virsaitis</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">6 Dec: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Perseus_(N36)" title="HMS Perseus (N36)">HMS <i>Perseus</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">7 Dec: <span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/USS_Arizona" title="USS Arizona">USS <i>Arizona</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_California_(BB-44)" title="USS California (BB-44)">USS <i>California</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Cassin_(DD-372)" title="USS Cassin (DD-372)">USS <i>Cassin</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Cynthia_Olson" title="SS Cynthia Olson"><i>Cynthia Olson</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Downes_(DD-375)" title="USS Downes (DD-375)">USS <i>Downes</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/HA._19_(Japanese_midget_submarine)" class="mw-redirect" title="HA. 19 (Japanese midget submarine)">Ha-19</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Type_A_K%C5%8D-hy%C5%8Dteki-class_submarine" title="Type A Kō-hyōteki-class submarine">M-16</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Type_A_K%C5%8D-hy%C5%8Dteki-class_submarine" title="Type A Kō-hyōteki-class submarine">M-18</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Type_A_K%C5%8D-hy%C5%8Dteki-class_submarine" title="Type A Kō-hyōteki-class submarine">M-20</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Type_A_K%C5%8D-hy%C5%8Dteki-class_submarine" title="Type A Kō-hyōteki-class submarine">M-22</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Nevada_(BB-36)" title="USS Nevada (BB-36)">USS <i>Nevada</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Oglala" title="USS Oglala">USS <i>Oglala</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Oklahoma_(BB-37)" title="USS Oklahoma (BB-37)">USS <i>Oklahoma</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Sauternes" title="SS Sauternes"><i>Sauternes</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Shaw_(DD-373)" title="USS Shaw (DD-373)">USS <i>Shaw</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-208" title="German submarine U-208">U-208</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Utah_(BB-31)" title="USS Utah (BB-31)">USS <i>Utah</i></a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">USS <i>West Virginia</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMCS_Windflower" title="HMCS Windflower">HMCS <i>Windflower</i></a> </span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">8 Dec: <a href="/wiki/SS_Capillo" title="SS Capillo">SS <i>Capillo</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Suremico" title="SS Suremico"><i>Nisqually</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Penguin_(AM-33)" title="USS Penguin (AM-33)">USS <i>Penguin</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Peterel_(1927)" title="HMS Peterel (1927)">HMS <i>Peterel</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/MS_Ravnaas_(1930)" title="MS Ravnaas (1930)"><i>Ravnaas</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">10 Dec: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Banka" title="HMS Banka">HMS <i>Banka</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Bittern_(AM-36)" title="USS Bittern (AM-36)">USS <i>Bittern</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-70" title="Japanese submarine I-70"><i>I-70</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Prince_of_Wales_(53)" title="HMS Prince of Wales (53)">HMS <i>Prince of Wales</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Repulse_(1916)" title="HMS Repulse (1916)">HMS <i>Repulse</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Takao_Maru_(1927)" title="SS Takao Maru (1927)"><i>Takao Maru</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_minesweeper_No._10_(1938)" title="Japanese minesweeper No. 10 (1938)">No. 10</a></i>, USS <i><a href="/wiki/USS_YP-16" title="USS YP-16">YP-16</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">11 Dec: <i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Hayate_(1925)" title="Japanese destroyer Hayate (1925)">Hayate</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Kisaragi_(1925)" title="Japanese destroyer Kisaragi (1925)">Kisaragi</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Lady_Shirley" title="HMS Lady Shirley">HMS <i>Lady Shirley</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">12 Dec: <a href="/wiki/MS_Awazisan_Maru" title="MS Awazisan Maru"><i>Awazisan Maru</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Moth_(1915)" title="HMS Moth (1915)">HMS <i>Moth</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Tamar_(1863)" title="HMS Tamar (1863)">HMS <i>Tamar</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">13 Dec: <a href="/wiki/Italian_cruiser_Alberico_da_Barbiano" title="Italian cruiser Alberico da Barbiano"><i>Alberico da Barbiano</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_cruiser_Alberto_di_Giussano" title="Italian cruiser Alberto di Giussano"><i>Alberto di Giussano</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">14 Dec: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Galatea_(71)" title="HMS Galatea (71)">HMS <i>Galatea</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">15 Dec: <a href="/wiki/SS_Empire_Barracuda" title="SS Empire Barracuda"><i>Empire Barracuda</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HNLMS_O_16" title="HNLMS O 16">HNLMS <i>O 16</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-127_(1941)" title="German submarine U-127 (1941)">U-127</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">16 Dec: <i><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-557" title="German submarine U-557">U-557</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">17 Dec: <i><a href="/wiki/HMS_Engadine_(1911)" title="HMS Engadine (1911)">Corregidor</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ro-66" title="Japanese submarine Ro-66"><i>Ro-66</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Shinonome_(1927)" title="Japanese destroyer Shinonome (1927)">Shinonome</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-131_(1941)" title="German submarine U-131 (1941)">U-131</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">18 Dec: <i><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-434" title="German submarine U-434">U-434</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">19 Dec: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Neptune_(20)" title="HMS Neptune (20)">HMS <i>Neptune</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HNLMS_O_20" title="HNLMS O 20">HNLMS <i>O 20</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_McCalla_(DD-253)" title="USS McCalla (DD-253)">HMS <i>Stanley</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-574" title="German submarine U-574">U-574</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">20 Dec: <a href="/wiki/SS_Emidio" title="SS Emidio"><i>Emidio</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Kandahar" title="HMS Kandahar">HMS <i>Kandahar</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">21 Dec: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Audacity" title="HMS Audacity">HMS <i>Audacity</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Cicala" title="HMS Cicala">HMS <i>Cicala</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HNLMS_K_XVII" title="HNLMS K XVII">HNLMS <i>K XVII</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-451" title="German submarine U-451">U-451</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-567" title="German submarine U-567">U-567</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">23 Dec: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_transport_ship_Hayataka_Maru" title="Japanese transport ship Hayataka Maru"><i>Hayataka Maru</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Montebello" title="SS Montebello"><i>Montebello</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Aoi_(1920)" title="Japanese destroyer Aoi (1920)">Patrol Boat No. 32</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Hagi_(1920)" title="Japanese destroyer Hagi (1920)">Patrol Boat No. 33</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Shuntien_(1934)" title="SS Shuntien (1934)"><i>Shuntien</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-79_(1941)" title="German submarine U-79 (1941)">U-79</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">24 Dec: <i><a href="/wiki/USS_Absaroka_(ID-2518)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Absaroka (ID-2518)">Absaroka</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/HNLMS_K_XVI" title="HNLMS K XVI">HNLMS <i>K XVI</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_New_York_(ACR-2)" title="USS New York (ACR-2)">USS <i>Rochester</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Sagiri" title="Japanese destroyer Sagiri">Sagiri</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Salvia_(K97)" title="HMS Salvia (K97)">HMS <i>Salvia</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">25 Dec: <i><a href="/wiki/SS_Gy%C5%8Dk%C5%AB_Maru" title="SS Gyōkū Maru">Empire Dragon</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Sealion_(SS-195)" title="USS Sealion (SS-195)">USS <i>Sealion</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Thracian_(1920)" title="HMS Thracian (1920)">HMS <i>Thracian</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">26 Dec: <i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_transport_ship_Unyo_Maru_No._2" title="Japanese transport ship Unyo Maru No. 2"><i>Unyo Maru No. 2</i></a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">27 Dec: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_patrol_boat_No._105" title="Japanese patrol boat No. 105"><i>Arayat</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USLHT_Canlaon" title="USLHT Canlaon"><i>Canlaon</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">28 Dec: <a href="/wiki/USLHT_Banahao" title="USLHT Banahao"><i>Banahao</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/USS_Walker_(DD-163)" title="USS Walker (DD-163)">DCH-1</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-75_(1940)" title="German submarine U-75 (1940)">U-75</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Volo" title="SS Volo"><i>Volo</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Connecticut_(1938)" title="SS Connecticut (1938)">SS <i>Connecticut</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">29 Dec: <i><a href="/wiki/BRP_Banahaw_(1908)" title="BRP Banahaw (1908)">BRP Banahaw</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ro-60" title="Japanese submarine Ro-60"><i>Ro-60</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Unknown date: <a href="/wiki/HMS_H31" title="HMS H31">HMS <i>H31</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Nereus_(AC-10)" title="USS Nereus (AC-10)">USS <i>Nereus</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Triumph_(N18)" title="HMS Triumph (N18)">HMS <i>Triumph</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vizcaya_(1890)" title="Vizcaya (1890)">Vizcaya</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">7 Dec: <a href="/wiki/USS_Gamble" title="USS Gamble">USS <i>Gamble</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Maryland_(BB-46)" title="USS Maryland (BB-46)">USS <i>Maryland</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Pennsylvania_(BB-38)" title="USS Pennsylvania (BB-38)">USS <i>Pennsylvania</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Tennessee_(BB-43)" title="USS Tennessee (BB-43)">USS <i>Tennessee</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Thresher_(SS-200)" title="USS Thresher (SS-200)">USS <i>Thresher</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Vestal" title="USS Vestal">USS <i>Vestal</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">8 Dec: <a href="/wiki/MS_Awazisan_Maru" title="MS Awazisan Maru"><i>Awazisan Maru</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Thresher_(SS-200)" title="USS Thresher (SS-200)">USS <i>Thresher</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">9 Dec: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-10" title="Japanese submarine I-10"><i>I-10</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">10 Dec: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_transport_ship_Oigawa_Maru" title="Japanese transport ship Oigawa Maru"><i>Oigawa Maru</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Sealion_(SS-195)" title="USS Sealion (SS-195)">USS <i>Sealion</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">11 Dec: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Jackal_(F22)" title="HMS Jackal (F22)">HMS <i>Jackal</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">16 Dec: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Thracian_(1920)" title="HMS Thracian (1920)">HMS <i>Thracian</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">17 Dec: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ro-62" title="Japanese submarine Ro-62"><i>Ro-62</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">20 Dec: <a href="/wiki/USS_Pompano_(SS-181)" title="USS Pompano (SS-181)">USS <i>Pompano</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">24 Dec: <a href="/wiki/SS_Absaroka" title="SS Absaroka"><i>Absaroka</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">31 Dec: <a href="/wiki/SS_Sierra_Cordoba" title="SS Sierra Cordoba"><i>Ruth Alexander</i></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1940" title="List of shipwrecks in 1940">1940</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1940" title="List of shipwrecks in 1940"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1941" title="List of shipwrecks in 1941">1941</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1942" title="List of shipwrecks in 1942"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1942" title="List of shipwrecks in 1942">1942</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_November_1941" title="List of shipwrecks in November 1941">November 1941</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_November_1941" title="List of shipwrecks in November 1941"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_January_1942" title="List of shipwrecks in January 1942"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" 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