Environment glossary - Statistics Explained

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <title>Environment glossary - Statistics Explained</title> <script>document.documentElement.className="client-js";RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":!1,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"Z0JIprfeTjkX2P4cwI9JHgAAACg","wgCSPNonce":!1,"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":!1,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Environment_glossary","wgTitle":"Environment glossary","wgCurRevisionId":0,"wgRevisionId":0,"wgArticleId":0,"wgIsArticle":!0,"wgIsRedirect":!1,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Environment_glossary","wgRelevantArticleId":0,"wgIsProbablyEditable":!1,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":!1,"wgRestrictionCreate":[],"wgSmjSize":110,"wgSmjUseChem":!0,"wgSmjShowMathMenu":!1,"wgSmjInlineMath":[["[math]" ,"[/math]"],["[math]","[/math]"]]};RLSTATE={"site.styles":"ready","noscript":"ready","user.styles":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.SmjLocal","ext.StatexpCollection","ext.StatexpGlossaryToolTip","site","mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.page.ready","ext.StatexpBPM","ext.StatexpAutoTranslate","ext.StatexpAnalytics","ext.StatexpArticleFormaterRevamp","ext.StatexpDynamicCharts","ext.StatexpInteractiveMap","ext.statexpeditwarning","ext.StatexpAccordion","ext.StatexpVisTool"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.implement("user.options@1hzgi",function($,jQuery,require,module){/*@nomin*/mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); });});</script> <script async="" src="/eurostat/statistics-explained/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=statexprevamp"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/eurostat/statistics-explained/skins/Statexprevamp/ressources/ecl/dist/styles/ecl-eu.css?bfc2b"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/eurostat/statistics-explained/skins/Statexprevamp/ressources/skins.statexprevamp.css?22223"/> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/eurostat/statistics-explained/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=statexprevamp"/> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.35.6"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/skins/common/logos/favicon.gif"/> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/eurostat/statistics-explained/opensearch_desc.php" title="Statistics Explained (en)"/> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/api.php?action=rsd"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Statistics Explained Atom feed" href="/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"/> <meta name="og:url" content="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Environment_glossary" /> <meta name="og:type" content="website" /> <meta name="og:title" content="Environment glossary" /> <meta name="og:description" content="description" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"></meta> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@EU_Eurostat"></meta> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@EU_Eurostat"></meta> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Statistics Explained"></meta> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Environment glossary"></meta> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/skins/Statexpflataccess/ressources/media/lighthouse.png"></meta> <script defer src="https://webtools.europa.eu/load.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script defer src="https://webtools.europa.eu/load.js" type="text/javascript"></script>  </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Environment_glossary rootpage-Environment_glossary skin-statexprevamp action-view"> <nav aria-label="Quick Links" class="quick-access-nav" id="sjzq_quickAccessNav"> <h1 class="hide-accessible">Navigation</h1> <ul> <li><a href="#mw-content-text" data-bcup-haslogintext="no">Skip to Content</a></li> </ul> </nav><div class="statexp-banner"> <div class="ecl-message ecl-message--info" data-ecl-message="" role="alert" data-ecl-auto-init="Message"> <svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--l ecl-message__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="skins/Statexprevamp/ressources/ecl/dist/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#information"></use> </svg> <div class="ecl-message__content"> <button class="ecl-button ecl-button--ghost ecl-message__close" type="button" data-ecl-message-close=""> <span class="ecl-button__container"> <span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Close</span> <svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-button__icon ecl-button__icon--after" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon=""> <use xlink:href="skins/Statexprevamp/ressources/ecl/dist/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#close-filled"></use> </svg> </span> </button> <div class="ecl-message__title">Information message</div> <div class="ecl-message__description">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nullam accumsan semper lorem, ac mollis lacus tincidunt eu. Duis scelerisque diam eu tempus fringilla. </div> </div> </div> </div> <script defer src="https://webtools.europa.eu/load.js?globan=1110" type="text/javascript"></script> <div id="globan-here"></div> <header class="ecl-site-header" data-ecl-auto-init="SiteHeader" data-ecl-has-menu="" data-ecl-auto-initialized="true"> <div class="ecl-site-header__header"> <div class="ecl-site-header__container ecl-container"> <div class="ecl-site-header__top"> <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-header__logo-link" aria-label="Eurostat">  <img alt="Home (Eurostat)" class="ecl-site-header__logo-image ecl-site-header__logo-image-desktop" src="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/o/estat-theme-ecl/images/header/estat-logo-horizontal.svg?browserId=other&minifierType=js&languageId=en_GB&t=1674495028000"> </a> <div class="ecl-site-header__action"> <div class="ecl-site-header__login-container">  <a class="ecl-button ecl-button--tertiary ecl-site-header__login-toggle" href="/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Environment+glossary"> <svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-site-header__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 60 60">  <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M31.425 13.5C31.425 9.36 28.065 6 23.925 6C19.785 6 16.425 9.36 16.425 13.5C16.425 17.64 19.785 21 23.925 21C28.065 21 31.425 17.64 31.425 13.5ZM13.425 13.5C13.425 7.71 18.135 3 23.925 3C29.715 3 34.425 7.71 34.425 13.5C34.425 19.29 29.715 24 23.925 24C18.135 24 13.425 19.29 13.425 13.5ZM39.0151 45H42.0151V39.09C42.0151 32.43 36.9451 27 30.7651 27H17.2351C11.0251 27 5.98511 32.43 5.98511 39.09V45H8.98511V39.09C8.98511 34.08 12.7051 30 17.2351 30H30.7651C35.3251 30 39.0151 34.08 39.0151 39.09V45Z" /> </svg> Log in </a>  </div> <div>  <a id="se-at-button" class="ecl-button ecl-button--tertiary ecl-site-header-standardised__language-selector" href="#" data-ecl-language-selector="" aria-label="Select your language" aria-controls="language-list-overlay"> <span class="ecl-site-header__language-icon"> <svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-site-header__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 60 60"> <g><path d="M24 3C12.39 3 3 12.39 3 24C3 35.61 12.39 45 24 45C35.61 45 45 35.61 45 24C45 12.39 35.61 3 24 3ZM42.24 22.65H32.85C32.64 14.31 30.57 9.24 28.59 6.3C36.06 8.22 41.67 14.73 42.24 22.65ZM24.6 5.73C26.49 7.44 29.88 12 30.15 22.65H17.85C18.12 12 21.51 7.44 23.4 5.73C23.61 5.73 23.79 5.7 24 5.7C24.21 5.7 24.39 5.7 24.6 5.7V5.73ZM19.41 6.3C17.43 9.24 15.36 14.28 15.15 22.65H5.76C6.33 14.76 11.94 8.25 19.38 6.3H19.41ZM5.76 25.35H15.12C15.33 33.69 17.43 38.76 19.44 41.7C11.97 39.78 6.33 33.27 5.73 25.35H5.76ZM23.46 42.27C21.54 40.56 18.09 35.97 17.82 25.35H30.12C29.85 36 26.4 40.56 24.48 42.27C24.3 42.27 24.15 42.27 23.97 42.27C23.79 42.27 23.61 42.27 23.46 42.27ZM28.5 41.7C30.51 38.76 32.61 33.69 32.82 25.35H42.21C41.64 33.27 35.97 39.81 28.5 41.7Z" /></g> </svg>  </span> English </a> <dialog data-ecl-auto-init="Modal" id="se-at-dialog" data-ecl-modal-toggle="se-at-button" class="ecl-modal"> <div class="ecl-modal__container ecl-container"> <div class="ecl-modal__content ecl-col-12 ecl-col-m-8 ecl-offset-m-2 ecl-col-l-6 ecl-offset-l-3"> <header class="ecl-modal__header"> <div class="ecl-modal__header-content">Select your language</div><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--ghost ecl-modal__close" type="button" data-ecl-modal-close=""><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-u-sr-only" data-ecl-label="true">Close</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-button__icon ecl-button__icon--after" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon=""> <use xlink:href="skins/Statexprevamp/ressources/ecl/dist/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#close-filled"></use> </svg></span></button> </header> <div class="ecl-modal__body"> <div class="ecl-row"> <span class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--l"> <svg width="26" height="26" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M15.086 18.175H8.913v-1.508h1.508v-4.665H8.913v-1.507h4.665v6.172h1.576v1.508h-.068zM10.42 7c0-.617.548-1.166 1.165-1.166h.754c.617 0 1.165.549 1.165 1.166v.753c0 .617-.548 1.165-1.165 1.165h-.754c-.617 0-1.165-.548-1.165-1.165V7zM11.998.005A11.97 11.97 0 000 12.002 11.97 11.97 0 0011.998 24a11.97 11.97 0 0011.997-11.998c0-6.647-5.414-11.997-11.998-11.997z"></path> </svg> </span> <span class="ecl-u-type-heading-3 ecl-u-type-bold">Disclaimer</span> </div> <div class="wt-etrans-disclaimer laco-exclude"> <p>This is a machine translation provided by the European Commission’s eTranslation service to help you understand this page. <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/use-machine-translation-europa-exclusion-liability_en" target="_blank" class="wt-etrans-disclaimer" title="Please read the conditions of use.">Please read the conditions of use.</a><p> </div> <div class="ecl-form-group"> <label for="seatLanguage" class="ecl-form-label">Select language below<span class="ecl-form-label__required">*</span> </label> <div class="ecl-select__container ecl-select__container--m"> <select class="ecl-select" id="seatLanguage" name="country" required=""> <optgroup label="European languages"> <option value="bg" selected="">български</option> <option value="cs">čeština</option> <option value="da">dansk</option> <option value="de">Deutsch</option> <option value="et">eesti</option> <option value="el">ελληνικά</option> <option value="es">español</option> <option value="fr">français</option> <option value="ga">Gaeilge</option> <option value="hr">hrvatski</option> <option value="it">italiano</option> <option value="lv">latviešu</option> <option value="lt">lietuvių</option> <option value="hu">magyar</option> <option value="mt">Malti</option> <option value="nl">Nederlands</option> <option value="pl">polski</option> <option value="pt">português</option> <option value="ro">română</option> <option value="sk">slovenčina</option> <option value="sl">slovenščina</option> <option value="fi">suomi</option> <option value="sv">svenska</option> </optgroup> <optgroup label="Non European languages"> <option lang="ru" value="ru">русский</option> <option lang="uk" value="uk">Українська</option> </optgroup> </select> <div class="ecl-select__icon"> <svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-select__icon-shape" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="skins/Statexprevamp/ressources/ecl/dist/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use> </svg> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <footer class="ecl-modal__footer"> <div class="ecl-modal__footer-content"> <div class="seatWait"> <div class="seat-loader"> <svg class="circular-loader"viewBox="25 25 50 50" > <circle class="loader-path" cx="50" cy="50" r="20" fill="none" stroke="#70c542" stroke-width="2" /> </svg> </div> <div class="seat-message"><p>Translating. This can take up to 2 minutes.</p></div> </div> <button id="seatAccept" class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-modal__button" type="submit">Accept and continue</button></div> </footer> </div> </div> </dialog> </div> <div id="statexp-search-box" class="ecl-site-header__search-container"> <a class="ecl-button ecl-button--ghost ecl-site-header__search-toggle" href="#" data-ecl-search-toggle="true" aria-controls="search-form-id" aria-expanded="false"> <svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <g> <path d="M4 10c0-3.3 2.7-6 6-6s6 2.7 6 6-2.7 6-6 6-6-2.7-6-6m17.7 10.3-5.4-5.4c1.1-1.4 1.7-3.1 1.7-4.9 0-4.4-3.6-8-8-8s-8 3.6-8 8 3.6 8 8 8c1.8 0 3.5-.6 4.9-1.7l5.4 5.4c.4.4 1 .4 1.4 0 .4-.4.4-1 0-1.4"></path> </g> </svg> Search </a> <form method="get" action="/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php" role="search" data-ecl-search-form="" id="searchform" class="form-search-portlet ecl-search-form ecl-site-header__search"> <div class="form-label-group ecl-form-group"> <h2 class="hide-accessible">Search by keyword</h2> <input id="searchInput" class="main-search-field search-query ecl-text-input ecl-text-input--m ecl-search-form__text-input ui-autocomplete-input" name="search" type="search" placeholder="Enter search term" value="" autocomplete="off"> <label for="searchInput">Enter search term</label> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button id="mw-searchButton" class="ecl-button ecl-button--search ecl-search-form__button _estatsearchportlet_WAR_estatsearchportlet_INSTANCE_bHVzuvn1SZ8J_" type="submit" aria-label="Search"> <span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Search</span> <svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-button__icon ecl-button__icon--after" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon="" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <g> <path d="M4 10c0-3.3 2.7-6 6-6s6 2.7 6 6-2.7 6-6 6-6-2.7-6-6m17.7 10.3-5.4-5.4c1.1-1.4 1.7-3.1 1.7-4.9 0-4.4-3.6-8-8-8s-8 3.6-8 8 3.6 8 8 8c1.8 0 3.5-.6 4.9-1.7l5.4 5.4c.4.4 1 .4 1.4 0 .4-.4.4-1 0-1.4"></path> </g> </svg> </button> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="statexp-navigation"> <div class="statexp-article-logo"></div> <section> <div class="ecl-site-header__banner statexp-site-header"> <div class="ecl-container"> <div class="ecl-hero-banner__container homepage-banner"> <div class="ecl-hero-banner__content ecl-col-12 ecl-col-m-6"> <div class="ecl-hero-banner__title"> <div> Statistics Explained </div> </div>  </div>  </div>  </div> </div> </section> <nav class="ecl-menu ecl-menu--group1" data-ecl-menu data-ecl-auto-init="Menu" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="ecl-menu__overlay" data-ecl-menu-overlay></div> <div class="ecl-container ecl-menu__container"> <a class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-menu__open" href="/component-library/example" data-ecl-menu-open=""> <svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <g> <path d="M19.1 16c.5 0 .9.4.9.9v.2c0 .5-.4.9-.9.9H4.9c-.5 0-.9-.4-.9-.9v-.2c0-.5.4-.9.9-.9h14.2zm0-5c.5 0 .9.4.9.9v.2c0 .5-.4.9-.9.9H4.9c-.5 0-.9-.4-.9-.9v-.2c0-.5.4-.9.9-.9h14.2zm0-5c.5 0 .9.4.9.9v.2c0 .5-.4.9-.9.9H4.9c-.5 0-.9-.4-.9-.9v-.2c0-.5.4-.9.9-.9h14.2z"></path> </g> </svg> Menu </a> <section class="ecl-menu__inner" data-ecl-menu-inner=""> <header class="ecl-menu__inner-header"> <button class="ecl-menu__close ecl-button ecl-button--text" type="submit" data-ecl-menu-close=""> <span class="ecl-menu__close-container ecl-button__container"> <svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-button__icon ecl-button__icon--before" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon="" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <g><path d="M17 15.5c.4.4.4 1 0 1.4-.4.4-1 .4-1.4 0L12 13.4l-3.5 3.5c-.4.4-1 .4-1.4 0-.4-.4-.4-1 0-1.4l3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5c-.4-.4-.4-1 0-1.4s1-.4 1.4 0l3.5 3.5 3.5-3.5c.4-.4 1-.4 1.4 0 .4.4.4 1 0 1.4L13.4 12l3.6 3.5zM12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12s4.5 10 10 10 10-4.5 10-10S17.5 2 12 2z"></path></g></svg> <span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Close</span> </span> </button> <div class="ecl-menu__title">Menu</div> <button data-ecl-menu-back="" type="submit" class="ecl-menu__back ecl-button ecl-button--text"> <span class="ecl-button__container"> <svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-270 ecl-button__icon ecl-button__icon--before" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon="" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <g><path d="M18.2 17.147c.2.2.4.3.7.3.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.4-.4.4-1 0-1.4l-7.1-7.1c-.4-.4-1-.4-1.4 0l-7 7c-.3.4-.3 1 .1 1.4.4.4 1 .4 1.4 0l6.2-6.2 6.4 6.3z"></path></g></svg> <span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="">Back</span> </span> </button> </header> <ul class="ecl-menu__list">  <li class="ecl-menu__item menu-indent1" data-ecl-menu-item="false" data-ecl-has-children="false" aria-haspopup="" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Main_Page" class="ecl-menu__link " data-ecl-menu-link="">Home</a> </li> <li class="ecl-menu__item menu-indent1" data-ecl-menu-item="false" data-ecl-has-children="false" aria-haspopup="" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Articles_by_theme" class="ecl-menu__link " data-ecl-menu-link="">Articles by theme</a> </li> <li class="ecl-menu__item menu-indent1" data-ecl-menu-item="false" data-ecl-has-children="false" aria-haspopup="" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Online_publications" class="ecl-menu__link " data-ecl-menu-link="">Publications</a> </li> <li class="ecl-menu__item menu-indent1" data-ecl-menu-item="false" data-ecl-has-children="false" aria-haspopup="" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Beginners:Statistics_4_beginners" class="ecl-menu__link " data-ecl-menu-link="">Statistics4beginners</a> </li> <li class="ecl-menu__item menu-indent1" data-ecl-menu-item="false" data-ecl-has-children="false" aria-haspopup="" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Thematic_glossaries" class="ecl-menu__link " data-ecl-menu-link="">Glossary</a> </li> <li class="ecl-menu__item menu-indent1" data-ecl-menu-item="false" data-ecl-has-children="false" aria-haspopup="" aria-expanded="false"> <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Help:Contents" class="ecl-menu__link " data-ecl-menu-link="">Help</a> </li>  </ul> </section> </div> </nav>  </div> </header> <div class="ecl-page-header "> <div class="ecl-container"> <nav class="ecl-breadcrumb" aria-label="You are here:" data-ecl-breadcrumb="true" data-ecl-auto-init="Breadcrumb"> <ol class="ecl-breadcrumb__container"> <li class="ecl-breadcrumb__segment" data-ecl-breadcrumb-item="static"> <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Main_Page" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-breadcrumb__link">Main</a><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-breadcrumb__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"> <use xlink:href="skins/Statexprevamp/ressources/ecl/dist/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use> </svg> </li> <li class="ecl-breadcrumb__segment ecl-breadcrumb__current-page" data-ecl-breadcrumb-item="static" aria-current="page">Environment glossary</li> </ol> </nav> <div class="statexp-page-header__overtitle"> </div> <div class="ecl-page-header__title-container se-page-header"> <h1 class="ecl-page-header__title">Environment glossary</h1> <a href="#" rel="nofollow" class="statexp-pdf-button" class="statexp-pdf-button" style="font-size:0px;"> Print this page <span id="userbar-print" aria-hidden="true"> <span class=" pdfnospin" data-pageid="0"> <svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--l focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="skins/Statexprevamp/ressources/ecl/dist/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#print"></use></svg> </span> <span class="fa-stack pdfspin" style="display: none;"> <svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--l " focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="skins/Statexprevamp/ressources/ecl/dist/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#print"></use></svg> <i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin fa-2x fa-fw " style="margin-left: -4px;"></i> </span> </span> </a> </div>  </div> </div> <div class="ecl-container"> <div id="content" class="ecl-row content-row">   <div class="ecl-col-l-12 ecl-col-m-12 ecl-col-s-12 ecl-col-12 content-col content article-content article-content-main"> <div id="bodyContent" class="bodyContent">  <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="noarticletext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" lang="en"> <p>There is currently no text in this page. You can <a href="/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Special:Search/Environment_glossary" title="Special:Search/Environment glossary">search for this page title</a> in other pages, or <span class="plainlinks"><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Special:Log&page=Environment_glossary">search the related logs</a></span>, but you do not have permission to create this page. </p> </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Environment_glossary">https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Environment_glossary</a>" </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden"></div>  <div class="visualClear"></div> </div>   </div>  </div>  </div>  <footer class="ecl-site-footer"> <div class="ecl-container ecl-site-footer__container">  <div class="ecl-site-footer__row"> <div class="ecl-site-footer__column"> <div class="ecl-site-footer__section"> <div class="ecl-site-footer__title"> <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/main/home" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-footer__title-link"> <img src="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/o/estat-theme-ecl/images/header/estat-logo-horizontal.svg?browserId=other&minifierType=js&languageId=en_GB&t=1678707584000" class="ecl-site-footer__logo-image-mobile" alt="Home (Eurostat)"> <img src="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/o/estat-theme-ecl/images/header/estat-logo-horizontal.svg?browserId=other&minifierType=js&languageId=en_GB&t=1678707584000" class="ecl-site-footer__logo-image-desktop" alt="Home (Eurostat)"> </a> </div> <div class="ecl-site-footer__description"> This site is managed by <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/main/home" class="ecl-link">Eurostat</a> and is an official website of the European Union </div> <div class="ecl-site-footer__title"> ISSN 2443-8219 </div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-site-footer__column"> <div class="ecl-site-footer__section"> <h2 class="ecl-site-footer__title ecl-site-footer__title--separator"> Need help? </h2> <ul class="ecl-site-footer__list"> <li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="/eurostat/web/main/sitemap" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-footer__link"> Sitemap </a> </li> <li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="/eurostat/web/main/contact-us" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-footer__link"> Contact us </a> </li> <li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"><a href="/eurostat/web/main/help/accessibility" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-footer__link"> Accessibility </a> </li> <li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"> <a href="/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Statistics_Explained:About" title="Statistics Explained:About">About Statistics Explained</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-site-footer__column"> <div class="ecl-site-footer__section"> <h2 class="ecl-site-footer__title ecl-site-footer__title--separator"> Follow us </h2> <ul class="ecl-site-footer__list follow-us"> <li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"> <a href="https://twitter.com/EU_Eurostat" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-site-footer__link ecl-link--icon-only ecl-link--no-visited" data-bcup-haslogintext="no"> <svg role="img" class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xl ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/eurostat/statistics-explained/skins/Statexprevamp/ressources/media/brands.svg?browserId=other&minifierType=js&languageId=en_GB&t=1730734726000#square-x-twitter"></use> </svg> <span class="ecl-link__label">Twitter</span> </a> </li> <li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/EurostatStatistics/" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-site-footer__link ecl-link--icon-only ecl-link--no-visited" data-bcup-haslogintext="no"> <svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xl ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/eurostat/statistics-explained/skins/Statexprevamp/ressources/media/brands.svg?browserId=other&minifierType=js&languageId=en_GB&t=1730734726000#square-facebook"></use> </svg> <span class="ecl-link__label">Facebook</span> </a> </li> <li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/eu_eurostat/" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-site-footer__link ecl-link--icon-only ecl-link--no-visited" data-bcup-haslogintext="no"> <svg role="img" class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xl ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/eurostat/statistics-explained/skins/Statexprevamp/ressources/media/brands.svg?browserId=other&minifierType=js&languageId=en_GB&t=1730734726000#square-instagram"></use> </svg> <span class="ecl-link__label">Instagram</span> </a> </li> <li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/eurostat/" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-site-footer__link ecl-link--icon-only ecl-link--no-visited" data-bcup-haslogintext="no"> <svg role="img" class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xl ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/eurostat/statistics-explained/skins/Statexprevamp/ressources/media/brands.svg?browserId=other&minifierType=js&languageId=en_GB&t=1730734726000#linkedin"></use> </svg> <span class="ecl-link__label">LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> <li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"> <a href="https://youtube.com/c/Eurostat-EC" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-site-footer__link ecl-link--icon-only ecl-link--no-visited" data-bcup-haslogintext="no"> <svg role="img" class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xl ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/eurostat/statistics-explained/skins/Statexprevamp/ressources/media/brands.svg?browserId=other&minifierType=js&languageId=en_GB&t=1730734726000#square-youtube"></use> </svg> <span class="ecl-link__label">Youtube</span> </a> </li> <li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"> <a href="/eurostat/web/rss/about-rss" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-site-footer__link ecl-link--icon-only ecl-link--no-visited" data-bcup-haslogintext="no"> <svg role="img" class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xl ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/eurostat/statistics-explained/skins/Statexprevamp/ressources/media/solid.svg?browserId=other&minifierType=js&languageId=en_GB&t=1730734726000#square-rss"></use> </svg> <span class="ecl-link__label">RSS</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-site-footer__row"> <div class="ecl-site-footer__column"> <div class="ecl-site-footer__section"> <a href="https://european-union.europa.eu/index_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-footer__logo-link" aria-label="European Union" data-bcup-haslogintext="no"> <picture class="ecl-picture ecl-site-footer__picture" title="European Union"> <source srcset="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/o/estat-theme-ecl/images/logo/standard-version/positive/logo-eu--en.svg?browserId=other&minifierType=js&languageId=en_GB&t=1730734726000" media="(min-width: 996px)"> <img class="ecl-site-footer__logo-image" src="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/o/estat-theme-ecl/images/logo/condensed-version/positive/logo-eu--en.svg?browserId=other&minifierType=js&languageId=en_GB&t=1730734726000" alt="European Union logo"> </picture> </a> <div class="ecl-site-footer__description"> <a href="https://european-union.europa.eu/index_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-footer__link" data-bcup-haslogintext="no"> Discover more on europa.eu </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-site-footer__column"> <div class="ecl-site-footer__section"> <h2 class="ecl-site-footer__title ecl-site-footer__title--separator"> Contact the EU </h2> <ul class="ecl-site-footer__list"> <li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"> <a href="tel:0080067891011" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-footer__link" data-bcup-haslogintext="no"> Call us 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 </a> </li> <li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"> <a href="https://european-union.europa.eu/contact-eu/call-us_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-footer__link" data-bcup-haslogintext="no"> Use other telephone options </a> </li> <li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"> <a href="https://european-union.europa.eu/contact-eu/write-us_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-footer__link" data-bcup-haslogintext="no"> Write us via our contact form </a> </li> <li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"> <a href="https://european-union.europa.eu/contact-eu/meet-us_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-footer__link" data-bcup-haslogintext="no"> Meet us at one of the EU centres </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="ecl-site-footer__section"> <h2 class="ecl-site-footer__title ecl-site-footer__title--separator"> Social media </h2> <ul class="ecl-site-footer__list"> <li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"> <a href="https://european-union.europa.eu/contact-eu/social-media-channels_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-footer__link" data-bcup-haslogintext="no"> Search for EU social media channels </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-site-footer__column"> <div class="ecl-site-footer__section"> <h2 class="ecl-site-footer__title ecl-site-footer__title--separator"> Legal </h2> <ul class="ecl-site-footer__list"> <li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"> <a href="https://commission.europa.eu/languages-our-websites_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-footer__link" data-bcup-haslogintext="no"> Languages on our websites </a> </li> <li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"> <a href="https://commission.europa.eu/privacy-policy-websites-managed-european-commission_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-footer__link" data-bcup-haslogintext="no"> Privacy policy </a> </li> <li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"> <a href="https://commission.europa.eu/legal-notice_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-footer__link" data-bcup-haslogintext="no"> Legal notice </a> </li> <li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"> <a href="https://commission.europa.eu/cookies-policy_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-footer__link" data-bcup-haslogintext="no"> Cookies </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="ecl-site-footer__section"> <h2 class="ecl-site-footer__title ecl-site-footer__title--separator"> EU institutions and bodies </h2> <ul class="ecl-site-footer__list"> <li class="ecl-site-footer__list-item"> <a href="https://european-union.europa.eu/institutions-law-budget/institutions-and-bodies/search-all-eu-institutions-and-bodies_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-site-footer__link" data-bcup-haslogintext="no"> Search all EU institutions and bodies </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></footer>  <script type="application/json"> { "utility" : "cck", "url" : "test" } </script>  <script type="application/json"> { "utility" : "analytics", "siteID" : 59, "sitePath" : ["ec.europa.eu\/eurostat"], "siteSection": "Statistics Explained" } </script>  <script src="/eurostat/statistics-explained/extensions/StatexpDynamicCharts/modules/libs/dynamiccharts/l10n/localisations.js"></script><script src="/eurostat/statistics-explained/extensions/StatexpDynamicCharts/modules/libs/dynamiccharts/config/config.js"></script><script src="/eurostat/statistics-explained/extensions/StatexpDynamicCharts/modules/libs/dynamiccharts/js/vendors.js"></script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgBackendResponseTime":351});});</script> <script defer src="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/skins/Statexprevamp/ressources/moment.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script defer src="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/skins/Statexprevamp/ressources/ecl/dist/scripts/ecl-eu-dev.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script defer src="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/skins/Statexprevamp/ressources/skins.statexprevamp.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </body></html>

CINXE.COM

Environment glossary - Statistics Explained