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<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">William Grant Still</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grant_Still" title="William Grant Still – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William Grant Still" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grant_Still" title="William Grant Still – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="William Grant Still" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grant_Still" title="William Grant Still – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="William Grant Still" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grant_Still" title="William Grant Still – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="William Grant Still" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grant_Still" title="William Grant Still – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Grant Still" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grant_Still" title="William Grant Still – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="William Grant Still" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84" title="ويليام جرانت ستيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويليام جرانت ستيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grant_Still" title="William Grant Still – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="William Grant Still" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AB" title="ウィリアム・グラント・スティル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム・グラント・スティル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Стилл, Уильям Грант – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стилл, Уильям Грант" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grant_Still" title="William Grant Still – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="William Grant Still" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grant_Still" title="William Grant Still – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William Grant Still" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grant_Still" title="William Grant Still – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="William Grant Still" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1397729#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American composer (1895–1978)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">William Grant Still</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Maud_Cuney_Hare-William_Grant_Still_336.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Maud_Cuney_Hare-William_Grant_Still_336.jpg/220px-Maud_Cuney_Hare-William_Grant_Still_336.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Maud_Cuney_Hare-William_Grant_Still_336.jpg/330px-Maud_Cuney_Hare-William_Grant_Still_336.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Maud_Cuney_Hare-William_Grant_Still_336.jpg/440px-Maud_Cuney_Hare-William_Grant_Still_336.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1265" data-file-height="1968" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Maud_Cuney_Hare" title="Maud Cuney Hare">Maud Cuney Hare</a>, 1936</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">William Grant Still Jr.</div> (1895-05-11)May 11, 1895 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Woodville,_Mississippi" title="Woodville, Mississippi">Woodville, Mississippi</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 3, 1978(1978-12-03) (aged 83) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Los Angeles, California, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/M._W._Gibbs_High_School" title="M. W. Gibbs High School">M. W. Gibbs High School</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wilberforce_University" title="Wilberforce University">Wilberforce University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Oberlin_Conservatory_of_Music" title="Oberlin Conservatory of Music">Oberlin Conservatory of Music</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Composer</li><li>conductor</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Grace Bundy</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1915; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" />1939)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712" /> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Verna_Arvey" title="Verna Arvey">Verna Arvey</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" />1939)</div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Celeste_Headlee" title="Celeste Headlee">Celeste Headlee</a> (granddaughter)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Grant_Still_signature.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/William_Grant_Still_signature.png/250px-William_Grant_Still_signature.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/William_Grant_Still_signature.png/330px-William_Grant_Still_signature.png 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="141" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> William Grant Still Jr. (May 11, 1895 – December 3, 1978) was an American composer of nearly two hundred works, including five <a href="/wiki/Symphony" title="Symphony">symphonies</a>, four ballets, nine operas, and more than thirty <a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">choral works</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_song" title="Art song">art songs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chamber_music" title="Chamber music">chamber music</a>, and solo works. Born in Mississippi and raised in <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock, Arkansas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin-1">[1]</a> Still attended <a href="/wiki/Wilberforce_University" title="Wilberforce University">Wilberforce University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oberlin_Conservatory_of_Music" title="Oberlin Conservatory of Music">Oberlin Conservatory of Music</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> as a student of <a href="/wiki/George_Whitefield_Chadwick" title="George Whitefield Chadwick">George Whitefield Chadwick</a> and then as a student of <a href="/wiki/Edgard_Var%C3%A8se" title="Edgard Varèse">Edgard Varèse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a> Because of his close association and collaboration with prominent African-American literary and cultural figures, Still is considered to be part of the <a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a>. Still was the first American composer to have an opera produced by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Opera" title="New York City Opera">New York City Opera</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> He is known primarily for his first symphony, <a href="/wiki/Afro-American_Symphony" title="Afro-American Symphony">Afro-American Symphony</a> (1930),<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20210827-6">[6]</a> which, until 1950, was the most widely performed symphony composed by an American.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Still often is referred to as the "Dean of Afro-American Composers". He was able to become a leading figure in the field of American classical music as the first African-American to conduct a major American <a href="/wiki/Symphony_orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Symphony orchestra">symphony orchestra</a>, have a symphony performed by a leading orchestra, have an opera performed by a major opera company, and have an opera performed on national television.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20210923-8">[8]</a> The papers of Still and his second wife, the librettist and writer <a href="/wiki/Verna_Arvey" title="Verna Arvey">Verna Arvey</a>, are currently held by the University of Arkansas.<a href="#cite_note-murchison-9">[9]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Grant_Still&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life">edit</a>]</div> William Grant Still Jr. was born on May 11, 1895, in <a href="/wiki/Woodville,_Mississippi" title="Woodville, Mississippi">Woodville, Mississippi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin-1">[1]</a>: 15  He was the son of two teachers, <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Still_Shepperson" title="Carrie Still Shepperson">Carrie Lena Fambro Still Shepperson</a> (1872–1927) <a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> and William Grant Still Sr.<a href="#cite_note-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin-1">[1]</a>: 5  (1871–1895). His father was a partner in a grocery store and performed as a local bandleader.<a href="#cite_note-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin-1">[1]</a>: 5  William Grant Still Sr. died when his infant son was three months old.<a href="#cite_note-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin-1">[1]</a>: 5  Still's mother and he moved to <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock, Arkansas</a>, where she taught high school English.<a href="#cite_note-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin-1">[1]</a>: 6  In 1904,<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a> She met and married Charles B. Shepperson, who nurtured the musical interests of his stepson William by taking him to operettas and buying <a href="/wiki/RCA_Red_Seal_Records" title="RCA Red Seal Records">Red Seal</a> recordings of classical music that the boy greatly enjoyed.<a href="#cite_note-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin-1">[1]</a>: 6  The two also attended a number of performances by musicians on tour.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> His maternal grandmother, Anne Fambro,<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a> sang African-American <a href="/wiki/Spirituals" title="Spirituals">spirituals</a> to him.<a href="#cite_note-Smith_2008-13">[13]</a>: 6, 12  Still showed a great interest in music and started violin lessons in Little Rock at the age of 15. He taught himself to play the <a href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">clarinet</a>, saxophone, <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboe</a>, double bass, cello, and <a href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">viola</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStillDabrishusQuin199616–17-14">[14]</a> At 16 years old, he was graduated as class valedictorian from <a href="/wiki/M._W._Gibbs_High_School" title="M. W. Gibbs High School">M. W. Gibbs High School</a> in Little Rock in 1911.<a href="#cite_note-Smith_2008-13">[13]</a>: 3  His mother wanted him to go to medical school, so Still pursued a bachelor of science degree program at <a href="/wiki/Wilberforce_University" title="Wilberforce University">Wilberforce University</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Historically_black_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Historically black college">historically black college</a> in Ohio.<a href="#cite_note-:6b-15">[15]</a> Still became a member of <a href="/wiki/Kappa_Alpha_Psi" title="Kappa Alpha Psi">Kappa Alpha Psi</a> fraternity. He conducted the university band, learned to play various instruments, and started to compose and to perform orchestrations. He left Wilberforce without graduation.<a href="#cite_note-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin-1">[1]</a>: 7  Using a small amount of money left to him by his father, he began studying at the <a href="/wiki/Oberlin_Conservatory_of_Music" title="Oberlin Conservatory of Music">Oberlin Conservatory of Music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> Still worked for the school assisting the janitor and at a few small jobs outside of the school, but struggled financially.<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> When Professor Lehmann asked him why he wasn't studying composition, Still replied that he simply couldn't afford to. When this became known, George Whitfield Andrews <a href="#cite_note-GWAndrews-16">[16]</a> taught composition to Still, without charge.<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> He also was able to study privately with the modern French composer <a href="/wiki/Edgard_Var%C3%A8se" title="Edgard Varèse">Edgard Varèse</a> and the American composer <a href="/wiki/George_Whitefield_Chadwick" title="George Whitefield Chadwick">George Whitefield Chadwick</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 249 <a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1262_S._Victoria_Ave.,_Los_Angeles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/1262_S._Victoria_Ave.%2C_Los_Angeles.jpg/220px-1262_S._Victoria_Ave.%2C_Los_Angeles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/1262_S._Victoria_Ave.%2C_Los_Angeles.jpg/330px-1262_S._Victoria_Ave.%2C_Los_Angeles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/1262_S._Victoria_Ave.%2C_Los_Angeles.jpg/440px-1262_S._Victoria_Ave.%2C_Los_Angeles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3328" data-file-height="2662" /></a><figcaption>2012 photograph of the historically-designated, William Grant Still Residence, South Victoria Avenue in Los Angeles, California</figcaption></figure> On October 4, 1915,<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a> Still married Grace Bundy, whom he had met while they were both at Wilberforce.<a href="#cite_note-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin-1">[1]</a>: 1, 7  They had a son, William III, and three daughters, Gail, June, and Caroline.<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a> They separated in 1932 and divorced February 6, 1939.<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a> Still had moved to Los Angeles after receiving his first fellowship in 1934.<a href="#cite_note-:4-17">[17]</a> On February 8, 1939, he married pianist <a href="/wiki/Verna_Arvey" title="Verna Arvey">Verna Arvey</a>. They drove to <a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a> for the ceremony because at the time, 'interracial' marriage was illegal in California.<a href="#cite_note-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin-1">[1]</a>: 2 <a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a> They had two children, a daughter, Judith Anne, and a son, Duncan.<a href="#cite_note-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin-1">[1]</a>: 2 <a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Celeste_Headlee" title="Celeste Headlee">Celeste Headlee</a>, a broadcast <a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalist</a>, an author, a classically-trained soprano, and daughter to Judith Anne, is Still's <a href="/wiki/Granddaughter" class="mw-redirect" title="Granddaughter">granddaughter</a>. On December 1, 1976, Still's home at 1262 Victoria Avenue in <a href="/wiki/Mid-Wilshire,_Los_Angeles#Oxford_Square" title="Mid-Wilshire, Los Angeles">Oxford Square, Los Angeles</a> was designated as Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument #169.<a href="#cite_note-:0-18">[18]</a> He died in Los Angeles in 1978. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Grant_Still&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</div> In 1916, Still worked in Memphis for <a href="/wiki/W._C._Handy" title="W. C. Handy">W.C. Handy</a>'s band.<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a> He then joined the United States Navy to serve in World War I in 1918, and eventually moved to <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a> after the war, where he continued to work for Handy.<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a> During this time, Still was involved with many cultural figures of the Harlem Renaissance including the likes of <a href="/wiki/Langston_Hughes" title="Langston Hughes">Langston Hughes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alain_LeRoy_Locke" title="Alain LeRoy Locke">Alain Locke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arna_Bontemps" title="Arna Bontemps">Arna Bontemps</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Countee_Cullen" title="Countee Cullen">Countee Cullen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-murchison-9">[9]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Grant_Still_by_Carl_Van_Vechten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/William_Grant_Still_by_Carl_Van_Vechten.jpg/220px-William_Grant_Still_by_Carl_Van_Vechten.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/William_Grant_Still_by_Carl_Van_Vechten.jpg/330px-William_Grant_Still_by_Carl_Van_Vechten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/William_Grant_Still_by_Carl_Van_Vechten.jpg/440px-William_Grant_Still_by_Carl_Van_Vechten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2470" data-file-height="3746" /></a><figcaption>William Grant Still 1949 portrait by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Van_Vechten" title="Carl Van Vechten">Carl Van Vechten</a></figcaption></figure> He recorded with <a href="/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson" title="Fletcher Henderson">Fletcher Henderson</a>'s Dance Orchestra in 1921,<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a>: 85  and later played in the <a href="/wiki/Pit_orchestra" title="Pit orchestra">pit orchestra</a> for <a href="/wiki/Noble_Sissle" title="Noble Sissle">Noble Sissle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eubie_Blake" title="Eubie Blake">Eubie Blake</a>'s musical, <a href="/wiki/Shuffle_Along" title="Shuffle Along">Shuffle Along</a><a href="#cite_note-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin-1">[1]</a>: 4  and another pit with <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Tucker" title="Sophie Tucker">Sophie Tucker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artie_Shaw" title="Artie Shaw">Artie Shaw</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Whiteman" title="Paul Whiteman">Paul Whiteman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-20">[20]</a> Under Henderson, he joined <a href="/wiki/Harry_Pace" title="Harry Pace">Henry Pace</a>'s Pace Phonograph Company, known as <a href="/wiki/Black_Swan_Records" title="Black Swan Records">Black Swan Records</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Later in the 1920s, Still served as the arranger of <a href="/wiki/Yamekraw" title="Yamekraw">Yamekraw</a>, a "Negro Rhapsody", composed by the <a href="/wiki/Stride_(music)" title="Stride (music)">Harlem stride pianist</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_P._Johnson" title="James P. Johnson">James P. Johnson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> In the 1930s, Still worked as an arranger of popular music, composing works for popular <a href="/wiki/NBC_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="NBC Radio">NBC Radio</a> broadcasts such as <a href="/wiki/Willard_Robison" title="Willard Robison">Willard Robison</a>'s Deep River Hour and Paul Whiteman's Old Gold Show.<a href="#cite_note-:5-20">[20]</a> Still's first major orchestral composition, <a href="/wiki/Afro-American_Symphony" title="Afro-American Symphony">Symphony No. 1 "Afro-American"</a>, was performed in 1931 by the <a href="/wiki/Rochester_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra">Rochester Philharmonic</a>, conducted by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hanson" title="Howard Hanson">Howard Hanson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a> It was the first time the complete score of a work by an African American was performed by a major orchestra.<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a> By the end of World War II, the piece had been performed in orchestras located in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Berlin, Paris, and London.<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a> During this time, the symphony was arguably the most popular of any composed by an American so far.<a href="#cite_note-:7-23">[23]</a> As a result of a close professional relationship with Hanson; many of Still's compositions were performed for the first time in Rochester.<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a> In 1934, Still moved to Los Angeles after receiving his first <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Fellowship" title="Guggenheim Fellowship">Guggenheim Fellowship</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:4-17">[17]</a> allowing him to start work on the first of his nine operas, <a href="/wiki/Blue_Steel_(Still)" title="Blue Steel (Still)">Blue Steel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Two years later, Still conducted the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Philharmonic_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra">Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra</a> at the Hollywood Bowl, the first African American to conduct a major American orchestra in a performance of his own works.<a href="#cite_note-loc-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-20">[20]</a> Still arranged music for films such as <a href="/wiki/Pennies_from_Heaven_(1936_film)" title="Pennies from Heaven (1936 film)">Pennies from Heaven</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madge_Evans" title="Madge Evans">Madge Evans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lost_Horizon_(1937)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost Horizon (1937)">Lost Horizon</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Colman" title="Ronald Colman">Ronald Colman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Wyatt" title="Jane Wyatt">Jane Wyatt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Jaffe" title="Sam Jaffe">Sam Jaffe</a>,<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a> the latter of which, he arranged the music of <a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Tiomkin" title="Dimitri Tiomkin">Dimitri Tiomkin</a>. Still was also hired to arrange music for the 1943 film <a href="/wiki/Stormy_Weather_(1943_film)" title="Stormy Weather (1943 film)">Stormy Weather</a>, but left because "<a href="/wiki/Twentieth-Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="Twentieth-Century Fox">Twentieth-Century Fox</a> 'degraded colored people.'"<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a> For the <a href="/wiki/1939_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1939 New York World's Fair">1939 New York World's Fair</a>, Still composed Song of a City for the exhibit "Democracity,"<a href="#cite_note-npr-26">[26]</a> which played continuously during the fair's run.<a href="#cite_note-npr-26">[26]</a> Despite writing music for the fair, he was unable to attend the fair without police protection except on "Negro Day".<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> A decade after its original composition, his opera <a href="/wiki/Troubled_Island" title="Troubled Island">Troubled Island</a> about <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Dessalines" title="Jean-Jacques Dessalines">Jean-Jacques Dessalines</a> and Haiti, was performed in 1949 by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Opera" title="New York City Opera">New York City Opera</a>.<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a> It is the first opera by an American to be performed by the company.<a href="#cite_note-shirley-28">[28]</a> It also is the first opera by an African American to be performed by a major company.<a href="#cite_note-loc-25">[25]</a> Still was, however, upset by the negative reviews it received.<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a> Still's works were performed internationally by the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Philharmonic_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra">Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, the <a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra" title="London Symphony Orchestra">London Symphony Orchestra</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra">Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Orchestra">BBC Orchestra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Still was the first African American to conduct a major orchestra in the <a href="/wiki/US_Southern_States" class="mw-redirect" title="US Southern States">Deep South</a>, doing so in 1955, where he conducted the New Orleans Philharmonic Orchestra.<a href="#cite_note-loc-25">[25]</a> He died in Los Angeles in 1978. Three years after his death, <a href="/wiki/A_Bayou_Legend" title="A Bayou Legend">A Bayou Legend</a> became the first opera by an African-American composer to be performed on national television.<a href="#cite_note-mpr-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_honors">Legacy and honors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Grant_Still&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legacy and honors">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Still received three <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Fellowship" title="Guggenheim Fellowship">Guggenheim Fellowships</a> in music composition (1934, 1935, 1938),<a href="#cite_note-:4-17">[17]</a> at least one <a href="/wiki/Rosenwald_fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosenwald fellowship">Rosenwald Fellowship</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:5-20">[20]</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Mu_Phi_Epsilon" title="Mu Phi Epsilon">Mu Phi Epsilon</a> Citation of Merit.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li> <li>In 1949, he received a citation for Outstanding Service to American Music from the National Association for American Composers and Conductors<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a></li> <li>In 1976, his home in Los Angeles was designated a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Los_Angeles_Historic-Cultural_Monuments_in_the_Wilshire_and_Westlake_areas" title="List of Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments in the Wilshire and Westlake areas">Historic-Cultural Monument</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></li> <li>In 1977, the <a href="/wiki/William_Grant_Still_Arts_Center" title="William Grant Still Arts Center">William Grant Still Arts Center</a> opened in his honor.</li> <li>He was awarded honorary doctorates<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-DU-2021-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-UR-2021-35">[35]</a> from <a href="/wiki/Oberlin_College" title="Oberlin College">Oberlin College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilberforce_University" title="Wilberforce University">Wilberforce University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_University" title="Howard University">Howard University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bates_College" title="Bates College">Bates College</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arkansas" title="University of Arkansas">University of Arkansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pepperdine_University" title="Pepperdine University">Pepperdine University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Conservatory_of_Music" title="New England Conservatory of Music">New England Conservatory of Music</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Conservatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Peabody Conservatory">Peabody Conservatory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DU-2021-34">[34]</a>&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(October_2023)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStillDabrishusQuin1996[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_October_2023]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(October_2023)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-UR-2021-35">[35]</a></li> <li>He was posthumously awarded the 1982 <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Institute_of_Arts_and_Letters" title="Mississippi Institute of Arts and Letters">Mississippi Institute of Arts and Letters</a> award for music composition for his opera A Bayou Legend.<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a>: 6 </li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_compositions">Selected compositions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Grant_Still&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Selected compositions">edit</a>]</div> Still composed almost 200 works, including nine operas,<a href="#cite_note-Kirk-38">[38]</a>: 200  five symphonies,<a href="#cite_note-Kirk-38">[38]</a>: 200  four ballets,<a href="#cite_note-:2-39">[39]</a> plus art songs, chamber music, and works for solo instruments.<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a> He composed more than thirty choral works.<a href="#cite_note-:5-20">[20]</a> Many of his works are believed to be lost.<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a>: 278  <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_Blues_(song)" title="Saint Louis Blues (song)">Saint Louis Blues</a> (comp.<a href="/wiki/W._C._Handy" title="W. C. Handy">W. C. Handy</a>; arr. Still; 1916)<a href="#cite_note-CH-2021-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-UC-2000a-41">[41]</a>: 310 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesitation_Blues" title="Hesitation Blues">Hesitating Blues</a> (comp.<a href="/wiki/W._C._Handy" title="W. C. Handy">W. C. Handy</a>; arr. Still; 1916)<a href="#cite_note-UC-2000a-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-WR-2019-42">[42]</a></li> <li>From the Land of Dreams (1924)<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a>: 4 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darker_America_(Still)" title="Darker America (Still)">Darker America</a> (1924)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 251 </li> <li>From the Journal of a Wanderer (1925)<a href="#cite_note-UC-2000-43">[43]</a>: 224 </li> <li>Levee Land (1925)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 251 </li> <li>From The Black Belt (1926)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 252 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Guiablesse_(ballet)" title="La Guiablesse (ballet)">La Guiablesse</a> (1927)<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamekraw" title="Yamekraw">Yamekraw</a>, a Negro Rhapsody (comp. <a href="/wiki/James_P._Johnson" title="James P. Johnson">James P. Johnson</a>; arr. Still; 1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahdji_(ballet)" title="Sahdji (ballet)">Sahdji</a> (1930)<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a>: 4 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africa_(Still)" title="Africa (Still)">Africa</a> (1930)<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_%22Afro-American%22" class="mw-redirect" title="Symphony No. 1 "Afro-American"">Symphony No. 1 "Afro-American"</a> (1930, revised in 1969)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 253 </li> <li>A Deserted Plantation (1933)<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a>: 4 </li> <li>The Sorcerer (1933)<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a>: 4 </li> <li>Dismal Swamp (1933)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 251 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Steel_(Still)" title="Blue Steel (Still)">Blue Steel</a> (1934)<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a>: 4 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaintuck%27_(Still)" title="Kaintuck' (Still)">Kaintuck'</a> (1935)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 252 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Visions_(Still)" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Visions (Still)">Three Visions</a> (1935)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 253 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Visions_(Still)" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Visions (Still)">Summerland</a> (1935)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 253 </li> <li>A Song A Dust (1936)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 253 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._2_(Still)" title="Symphony No. 2 (Still)">Symphony No. 2, "Song of A New Race"</a> (1937)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 253 <a href="#cite_note-:2-39">[39]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenox_Avenue_(Still)" title="Lenox Avenue (Still)">Lenox Avenue</a> (1937)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 252 </li> <li>Song of A City (1938)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 253 </li> <li>Seven Traceries (1939)<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a>: 5 </li> <li>And They Lynched Him on A Tree (1940)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 251 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Sally%27s_Party" title="Miss Sally's Party">Miss Sally's Party</a> (1940)<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a>: 5 </li> <li>Can'tcha line 'em, for orchestra (1940)<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a>: 5 </li> <li>Old California (1941)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 252 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troubled_Island" title="Troubled Island">Troubled Island</a>, opera, produced 1949 (1937–39)<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Bayou_Legend" title="A Bayou Legend">A Bayou Legend</a>, opera (1941)<a href="#cite_note-whayne-10">[10]</a></li> <li>Plain-Chant for America (1941)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 252 </li> <li>Incantation and Dance (1941)<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a>: 5 </li> <li>A Southern Interlude (1942)<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a>: 5 </li> <li>In Memoriam: The Colored Soldiers Who Died for Democracy (1943)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 252 </li> <li>Suite for Violin & Piano (1943)<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a>: 5 </li> <li>Festival Overture (1944)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 251 </li> <li>Poem for Orchestra (1944)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 252 </li> <li>Bells (1944)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 251 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Still)" title="Symphony No. 5 (Still)">Symphony No. 5, "Western Hemisphere"</a> (1945, revised 1970)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 253 <a href="#cite_note-:2-39">[39]</a></li> <li>From The Delta (1945)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 252 </li> <li>Wailing Woman (1946)<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a>: 5 </li> <li>Archaic Ritual Suite (1946)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 251 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._4_(Still)" title="Symphony No. 4 (Still)">Symphony No. 4, "Autochthonous"</a> (1947)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 253 </li> <li>Danzas de Panama (1948)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 251 </li> <li>From A Lost Continent (1948)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 251 </li> <li>Wood Notes (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniatures_(Still)" title="Miniatures (Still)">Miniatures</a> (1948)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 250 </li> <li>Songs of Separation (©1949)</li> <li>Constaso (1950)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 251 </li> <li>To You, America (1951)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 253 </li> <li>Grief, originally titled as Weeping Angel (1953)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>The Little Song That Wanted To Be A Symphony (1954)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 252 </li> <li>A Psalm for The Living (1954)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 252 </li> <li>Rhapsody (1954)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 252 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_Scene_(Still)" title="The American Scene (Still)">The American Scene</a> (1957)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 251 </li> <li>Serenade (1957)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 252 </li> <li>Ennanga (1958)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 251 <a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a>: 6 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._3_(Still)" title="Symphony No. 3 (Still)">Symphony No. 3, "The Sunday Symphony"</a> (1958)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 253 <a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></li> <li>Lyric Quartette (1960)<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a>: 7 </li> <li>Patterns (1960)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 252 </li> <li>The Peaceful Land (1960)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 252 </li> <li>Preludes (1962)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 252 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_1,_USA_(Still)" title="Highway 1, USA (Still)">Highway 1, USA</a> (1962)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 252 <a href="#cite_note-NYT-20210528-45">[45]</a></li> <li>Folk Suite No. 4 (1963)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 251 </li> <li>Threnody: In Memory of Jan Sibelius (1965)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 253 </li> <li>Little Red School House (1967)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 252 </li> <li>Little Folk Suite (1968)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 252 </li> <li>Choreographic Prelude (1970)<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a>: 251 </li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Grant_Still&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_conductors" title="Black conductors">Black conductors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_composers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African-American composers">List of African-American composers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Dawson_(composer)" title="William L. Dawson (composer)">William L. Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._C._Handy" title="W. C. Handy">W. C. Handy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Johnson" title="James P. Johnson">James P. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Price" title="Florence Price">Florence Price</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz-influenced_classical_compositions" title="List of jazz-influenced classical compositions">List of jazz-influenced classical compositions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Coleridge-Taylor" title="Samuel Coleridge-Taylor">Samuel Coleridge-Taylor</a>, early <a href="/wiki/Black_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Black British">Black British</a> composer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Grant_Still&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin_1-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin_1-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin_1-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Still,_Dabrishus_&_Quin_1-11">l</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStillDabrishusQuin1996" class="citation book cs1">Still, Judith Anne; Dabrishus, Michael J.; Quin, Carolyn L. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w6ApDn5oJLkC">William Grant Still: A Bio-Bibliography</a>. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-25255-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-25255-6"><bdi>978-0-313-25255-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/65339854">65339854</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Grant+Still%3A+A+Bio-Bibliography&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F65339854&rft.isbn=978-0-313-25255-6&rft.aulast=Still&rft.aufirst=Judith+Anne&rft.au=Dabrishus%2C+Michael+J.&rft.au=Quin%2C+Carolyn+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw6ApDn5oJLkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_2-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_2-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_2-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_2-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_2-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_2-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_2-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_2-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_2-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_2-14">o</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSoll2005" class="citation book cs1">Soll, Beverly (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RNcen10daIYC&pg=PA5">I Dream a World: The Operas of William Grant Still</a>. University of Arkansas Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55728-789-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55728-789-2"><bdi>978-1-55728-789-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+Dream+a+World%3A+The+Operas+of+William+Grant+Still&rft.pub=University+of+Arkansas+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-55728-789-2&rft.aulast=Soll&rft.aufirst=Beverly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRNcen10daIYC%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft1h4nb0g0&chunk.id=d0e7414&toc.id=d0e7414&brand=ucpress">"William Grant Still"</a>. publishing.cdlib.org. Retrieved November 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=publishing.cdlib.org&rft.atitle=William+Grant+Still&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublishing.cdlib.org%2Fucpressebooks%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dft1h4nb0g0%26chunk.id%3Dd0e7414%26toc.id%3Dd0e7414%26brand%3Ducpress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-33">ah</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-34">ai</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-35">aj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-36">ak</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-37">al</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-38">am</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-39">an</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-40">ao</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-41">ap</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-42">aq</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-43">ar</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-44">as</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-45">at</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHorne1996" class="citation book cs1">Horne, Aaron (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=shJofk603zMC">Brass Music of Black Composers: A Bibliography</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-29826-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-29826-4"><bdi>978-0-313-29826-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brass+Music+of+Black+Composers%3A+A+Bibliography&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-313-29826-4&rft.aulast=Horne&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DshJofk603zMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShirely" class="citation book cs1">Shirely, Wayne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230909135128/https://www.colorado.edu/amrc/sites/default/files/attached-files/0506-2003-013-00-000005.pdf">Two Aspects of Troubled Island</a> (PDF). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.colorado.edu/amrc/sites/default/files/attached-files/0506-2003-013-00-000005.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on September 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+Aspects+of+Troubled+Island&rft.pub=American+Music+Research+Centre&rft.aulast=Shirely&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.colorado.edu%2Famrc%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fattached-files%2F0506-2003-013-00-000005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20210827-6"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20210827_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThurman2021" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kira_Thurman" title="Kira Thurman">Thurman, Kira</a> (August 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/27/arts/music/black-composers-europe.html">"When Europe Offered Black Composers an Ear – Spurned by institutions in America, artists were sometimes given more opportunities across the Atlantic"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved August 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=When+Europe+Offered+Black+Composers+an+Ear+%E2%80%93+Spurned+by+institutions+in+America%2C+artists+were+sometimes+given+more+opportunities+across+the+Atlantic&rft.date=2021-08-27&rft.aulast=Thurman&rft.aufirst=Kira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F08%2F27%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fblack-composers-europe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/scriptorium/sgo/texts/borroff2.html">"Biographical Sketch of William Grant Still"</a>. library.duke.edu. Retrieved March 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=library.duke.edu&rft.atitle=Biographical+Sketch+of+William+Grant+Still&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.duke.edu%2Frubenstein%2Fscriptorium%2Fsgo%2Ftexts%2Fborroff2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20210923-8"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20210923_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWoolfe2021" class="citation news cs1">Woolfe, Zachary (September 23, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/23/arts/music/terence-blanchard-met-opera.html">"A Black Composer Finally Arrives at the Metropolitan Opera"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 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Retrieved January 20, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AfriClassical&rft.atitle=A2Schools.org%3A+PRI+Co-Host+Celeste+Headlee%2C+Conductor+John+McLaughlin+Williams+%26+Singer+Daniel+Washington+in+Ann+Arbor+Jan.+13&rft.date=2012-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fafriclassical.blogspot.com%2F2012%2F01%2Fa2schoolsorg-pri-co-host-celeste.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-shirley-28"><a href="#cite_ref-shirley_28-0">^</a> Shirley, Wayne, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colorado.edu/amrc/sites/default/files/attached-files/0506-2003-013-00-000005.pdf">"Two Aspects of Troubled Island"</a>, American Music Research Center Journal, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEliza2023" class="citation web cs1">Eliza (September 13, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://interlude.hk/william-grant-still-thirteen-facts-about-the-great-american-composer/">"William Grant Still: 13 Facts About the Great American Composer"</a>. Retrieved February 2, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+Grant+Still%3A+13+Facts+About+the+Great+American+Composer&rft.date=2023-09-13&rft.au=Eliza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finterlude.hk%2Fwilliam-grant-still-thirteen-facts-about-the-great-american-composer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mpr-30"><a href="#cite_ref-mpr_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOglesby2018" class="citation web cs1">Oglesby, Meghann (February 15, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.classicalmpr.org/story/2018/02/13/black-history-spotlight-william-grant-still">"Black History Spotlight: William Grant Still"</a>. www.classicalmpr.org. Retrieved January 20, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.classicalmpr.org&rft.atitle=Black+History+Spotlight%3A+William+Grant+Still&rft.date=2018-02-15&rft.aulast=Oglesby&rft.aufirst=Meghann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.classicalmpr.org%2Fstory%2F2018%2F02%2F13%2Fblack-history-spotlight-william-grant-still&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchiff2022" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Schiff, Zina (May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naxos.com/MainSite/BlurbsReviews/?itemcode=8.559867&catnum=559867&filetype=AboutThisRecording&language=English">Still: Summerlanc – Violin Suite – Pastorela – American Suite</a> (CD). Naxos. Naxos Catalog No. 8.559867.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Still%3A+Summerlanc+%E2%80%93+Violin+Suite+%E2%80%93+Pastorela+%E2%80%93+American+Suite&rft.pub=Naxos&rft.date=2022-05&rft.aulast=Schiff&rft.aufirst=Zina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naxos.com%2FMainSite%2FBlurbsReviews%2F%3Fitemcode%3D8.559867%26catnum%3D559867%26filetype%3DAboutThisRecording%26language%3DEnglish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.muphiepsilon.org/awards---citation-of-merit">"Awards – Citation of Merit"</a>. www.muphiepsilon.org. Retrieved October 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.muphiepsilon.org&rft.atitle=Awards+%E2%80%93+Citation+of+Merit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.muphiepsilon.org%2Fawards---citation-of-merit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historicplacesla.org/reports/74f22d62-3a1c-40be-8dad-8409d518333b">"William Grant Still Residence"</a>. HistoricPlacesLA. Office of Historic Resources, Department of City Planning. Retrieved January 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HistoricPlacesLA&rft.atitle=William+Grant+Still+Residence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistoricplacesla.org%2Freports%2F74f22d62-3a1c-40be-8dad-8409d518333b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DU-2021-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DU-2021_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DU-2021_34-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBorroff2021" class="citation web cs1">Borroff, Edith (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/scriptorium/sgo/texts/borroff2.html">"Biographical Sketch of William Grant Still"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a>. Retrieved September 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biographical+Sketch+of+William+Grant+Still&rft.pub=Duke+University&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Borroff&rft.aufirst=Edith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.duke.edu%2Frubenstein%2Fscriptorium%2Fsgo%2Ftexts%2Fborroff2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UR-2021-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UR-2021_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UR-2021_35-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStaff2021" class="citation web cs1">Staff (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historyengine.richmond.edu/episodes/view/227">"African American Composer William Grant Still is Born"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Richmond" title="University of Richmond">University of Richmond</a>. Retrieved September 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=African+American+Composer+William+Grant+Still+is+Born&rft.pub=University+of+Richmond&rft.date=2021&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoryengine.richmond.edu%2Fepisodes%2Fview%2F227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStillDabrishusQuin1996[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_October_2023]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(October_2023)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStillDabrishusQuin1996[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_October_2023]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(October_2023)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStillDabrishusQuin1996">Still, Dabrishus & Quin 1996</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStillAdams1937" class="citation book cs1">Still, William Grant; Adams, Wellington (1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cjQJAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Mississippi+Institute%22+%22William+Grant+Still%22+%221982%22">Twelve Negro spirituals</a>. Handy Brothers Music Co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/320893340">320893340</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twelve+Negro+spirituals&rft.pub=Handy+Brothers+Music+Co.&rft.date=1937&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F320893340&rft.aulast=Still&rft.aufirst=William+Grant&rft.au=Adams%2C+Wellington&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcjQJAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Mississippi%2BInstitute%2522%2B%2522William%2BGrant%2BStill%2522%2B%25221982%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirk-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kirk_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirk_38-1">b</a> Kirk, Elise Kuhl (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uIPDlKlchQ0C&pg=PA200">American Opera</a>, pp. 200–204. University of Illinois Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0252026233" title="Special:BookSources/0252026233">0252026233</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_39-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_39-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chevalierdesaintgeorges.homestead.com/Still.html#36">"William Grant Still, African American Composer, Arranger & Oboist"</a>. chevalierdesaintgeorges.homestead.com. Retrieved October 31, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chevalierdesaintgeorges.homestead.com&rft.atitle=William+Grant+Still%2C+African+American+Composer%2C+Arranger+%26+Oboist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchevalierdesaintgeorges.homestead.com%2FStill.html%2336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CH-2021-40"><a href="#cite_ref-CH-2021_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStaff2021" class="citation news cs1">Staff (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://celesteheadlee.com/happy-birthday-william-grant-still/">"Happy birthday, William Grant Still"</a>. Celeste Headlee. Retrieved February 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Celeste+Headlee&rft.atitle=Happy+birthday%2C+William+Grant+Still&rft.date=2021&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcelesteheadlee.com%2Fhappy-birthday-william-grant-still%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UC-2000a-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UC-2000a_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UC-2000a_41-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith2000" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Catherine Parson (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft1h4nb0g0&chunk.id=d0e11020&toc.id=d0e10910&toc.depth=1&brand=ucpress&anchor.id=JD_Page_310#X">William Grant Still: A Study in Contradictions</a>. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 310.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Grant+Still%3A+A+Study+in+Contradictions&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pages=310&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Catherine+Parson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublishing.cdlib.org%2Fucpressebooks%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dft1h4nb0g0%26chunk.id%3Dd0e11020%26toc.id%3Dd0e10910%26toc.depth%3D1%26brand%3Ducpress%26anchor.id%3DJD_Page_310%23X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WR-2019-42"><a href="#cite_ref-WR-2019_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStaff2019" class="citation news cs1">Staff (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.windrep.org/Hesitating_Blues,_The">"Hesitating Blues, The – W C Handy (arr. William Grant Still)"</a>. The Wind Repertory Company. Retrieved February 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hesitating+Blues%2C+The+%E2%80%93+W+C+Handy+%28arr.+William+Grant+Still%29&rft.date=2019&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.windrep.org%2FHesitating_Blues%2C_The&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UC-2000-43"><a href="#cite_ref-UC-2000_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith2000" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Catherine Parson (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft1h4nb0g0&chunk.id=d0e7760&toc.depth=100&toc.id=d0e7647&brand=ucpress">William Grant Still: A Study in Contradictions</a>. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 224.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Grant+Still%3A+A+Study+in+Contradictions&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Catherine+Parson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublishing.cdlib.org%2Fucpressebooks%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dft1h4nb0g0%26chunk.id%3Dd0e7760%26toc.depth%3D100%26toc.id%3Dd0e7647%26brand%3Ducpress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naxos.com/catalogue/item.asp?item_code=8.559676">"Still, W. S.: Symphonies Nos. 2, "Song of a New Race" and 3, "The Sunday Symphony" / Wood Notes (Fort Smith Symphony, Jeter) – 8.559676"</a>. www.naxos.com. Retrieved October 31, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.naxos.com&rft.atitle=Still%2C+W.+S.%3A+Symphonies+Nos.+2%2C+%22Song+of+a+New+Race%22+and+3%2C+%22The+Sunday+Symphony%22+%2F+Wood+Notes+%28Fort+Smith+Symphony%2C+Jeter%29+%E2%80%93+8.559676&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naxos.com%2Fcatalogue%2Fitem.asp%3Fitem_code%3D8.559676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20210528-45"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20210528_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalls2021" class="citation news cs1">Walls, Seth Colter (May 28, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/28/arts/music/william-grant-still-opera-st-louis.html">"A Black Composer's Intense Opera Gets a Rare Staging – William Grant Still's one-act Highway 1, U.S.A. runs in St. Louis through June 17"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved May 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Black+Composer%27s+Intense+Opera+Gets+a+Rare+Staging+%E2%80%93+William+Grant+Still%27s+one-act+Highway+1%2C+U.S.A.+runs+in+St.+Louis+through+June+17&rft.date=2021-05-28&rft.aulast=Walls&rft.aufirst=Seth+Colter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F05%2F28%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fwilliam-grant-still-opera-st-louis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Grant+Still" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Grant_Still&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Horne, Aaron. Woodwind Music of Black Composers, Greenwood Press, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313272-65-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-313272-65-4">0-313272-65-4</a></li> <li>Roach, Hildred. Black American Music. Past and Present, second edition, Krieger Publishing Company 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-894647-66-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-894647-66-0">0-894647-66-0</a></li> <li>Sadie, Stanley; Hitchcock, H. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">The New Grove Dictionary of American Music</a>, Grove's Dictionaries of Music, 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-943818-36-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-943818-36-2">0-943818-36-2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Grant_Still&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Reef, Catherine (2003). William Grant Still: African American Composer. Morgan Reynolds. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-931798-11-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-931798-11-7">1-931798-11-7</a></li> <li>Sewell, George A., and Margaret L. Dwight (1984). William Grant Still: America's Greatest Black Composer. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi</li> <li>Southern, Eileen (1984). William Grant Still – Trailblazer. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press.</li> <li>Still, Verna Arvey (1984). In One Lifetime. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press.</li> <li>Still, Judith Anne (2006). Just Tell the Story. The Master Player Library.</li> <li>Still, William Grant (2011). My Life My Words, a William Grant Still autobiography. The Master Player Library.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Grant_Still&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://williamgrantstillmusic.com/">William Grant Still, Music</a>, Official Site</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0830238/">William Grant Still, Music</a> at the <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">Internet Movie Database</a> (IMDb)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=1775">William Grant Still, Bibliography</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Arkansas" title="Encyclopedia of Arkansas">Encyclopedia of Arkansas</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft1h4nb0g0;brand=ucpress">William Grant Still, A Study in Contradictions</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCKN2SJghVE">William Grant Still, Interview (1949; 30:49)</a>, radio broadcast by <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chevalierdesaintgeorges.homestead.com/Still.html">William Grant Still, "Composer, Arranger, Conductor & Oboist".</a> Extensive information at AfriClassical.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uark.as.atlas-sys.com/repositories/2/resources/1075">William Grant Still and Verna Arvey Papers</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arkansas" title="University of Arkansas">University of Arkansas</a>, Special Collections Department, Manuscript Collection MC 1125</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:William_Grant_Still" title="Template:William Grant Still"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:William_Grant_Still" title="Template talk:William Grant Still"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:William_Grant_Still" title="Special:EditPage/Template:William Grant Still"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="William_Grant_Still330" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Grant Still</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Selected_compositions">List of compositions</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operas (9)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Steel_(Still)" title="Blue Steel (Still)">Blue Steel</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troubled_Island" title="Troubled Island">Troubled Island</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Bayou_Legend" title="A Bayou Legend">A Bayou Legend</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_1,_USA_(Still)" title="Highway 1, USA (Still)">Highway 1, USA</a> (1962)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ballets (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Guiablesse_(ballet)" title="La Guiablesse (ballet)">La Guiablesse</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahdji_(ballet)" title="Sahdji (ballet)">Sahdji</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenox_Avenue_(Still)" title="Lenox Avenue (Still)">Lenox Avenue</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Sally%27s_Party" title="Miss Sally's Party">Miss Sally's Party</a> (1940)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symphonies (5)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-American_Symphony" title="Afro-American Symphony">Symphony No. 1 "Afro-American"</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._2_(Still)" title="Symphony No. 2 (Still)">Symphony No. 2 "Song of a New Race"</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._3_(Still)" title="Symphony No. 3 (Still)">Symphony No. 3 "The Sunday Symphony"</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._4_(Still)" title="Symphony No. 4 (Still)">Symphony No. 4 "Autochthonous"</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Still)" title="Symphony No. 5 (Still)">Symphony No. 5 "Western Hemisphere"</a> (1945; rev 1970)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concertos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Piano5" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Piano</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Johnson#Composer" title="James P. Johnson">Yamekaw, a Negro Rhapsody</a> (1928; arr.Still)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaintuck%27_(Still)" title="Kaintuck' (Still)">Kaintuck'</a> (1935)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestra works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_Blues_(song)" title="Saint Louis Blues (song)">Saint Louis Blues</a> (1916; arr.Still)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesitation_Blues" title="Hesitation Blues">Hesitating Blues</a> (1916; arr.Still)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darker_America_(Still)" title="Darker America (Still)">Darker America</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africa_(Still)" title="Africa (Still)">Africa</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_Scene_(Still)" title="The American Scene (Still)">The American Scene</a> (1957)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chamber music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_(Still)" title="Africa (Still)">Africa</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Visions" title="Three Visions">Three Visions</a> (1935) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Visions" title="Three Visions">Summerland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniatures_(Still)" title="Miniatures (Still)">Miniatures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miniatures_(Still)" title="Miniatures (Still)">Trio (1948)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniatures_(Still)" title="Miniatures (Still)">Quintet (1963)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Piano music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaintuck_(Still)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaintuck (Still)">Kaintuck</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Visions" title="Three Visions">Three Visions</a> (1935) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Visions" title="Three Visions">Dark Horsemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Visions" title="Three Visions">Summerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Visions" title="Three Visions">Radiant Pinnacle</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Selected_compositions">List of compositions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verna_Arvey" title="Verna Arvey">Verna Arvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Whitefield_Chadwick" title="George Whitefield Chadwick">George Whitefield Chadwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._C._Handy" title="W. C. Handy">W. C. Handy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Johnson" title="James P. Johnson">James P. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgard_Var%C3%A8se" title="Edgard Varèse">Edgard Varèse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberlin_Conservatory_of_Music" title="Oberlin Conservatory of Music">Oberlin Conservatory of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilberforce_University" title="Wilberforce University">Wilberforce University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Compositions_by_William_Grant_Still" title="Category:Compositions by William Grant Still">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397729#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2348" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397729#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2348" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397729#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121039770">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/116271872">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/108528/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJy8xdQvDJvBcdx4g4BdcP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119400693">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83017389">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13939152f">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13939152f">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0153019&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX5526696">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p097383252">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/4083712">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000709719&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810589739205606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007274411305171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14652344">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/ca1ed31b-9acd-4d46-8016-e158b25cd4c8">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/104107">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/087886022">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w60r9r0x">SNAC</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/51015546">RISM</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Grant_Still&oldid=1281403785">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Grant_Still&oldid=1281403785</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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