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history</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Russian history"> <meta name="keywords" content="Russian history"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Russian history"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2920</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Russian history</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2920</span> Russia's War Memory: How Tolstoy Uses Homeric Epic to Reconstruct History</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20Yefimenko">Svetlana Yefimenko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Situated within the fields of Russian literature, Russian history, and classics, this paper investigates the early writing of Leo Tolstoy in terms of his reception and appropriation of Homeric epic for the purposes of reconstructing early 19th-century Russian history. The epic mode, specifically its Homeric variation, was deployed in Tolstoy’s writing on his military experience in the Crimean War to legitimize a version of historical events which positioned Russian soldiers as the inheritors of ancient Greek heroism. With reference to Tolstoy’s oft-neglected Sevastopol’ Sketches, and the short stories The Raid, The Wood-Felling, and Two Hussars, this paper examines how such narratives pass from communicative memory into collective memory both in the Homeric epics and in Tolstoy’s reworking of them, particularly on the literary effects produced when the distance between communicative and collective memory collapses. Within a song culture, epic song functions as memory, and this paper shows how, by modeling his early work on epic, Tolstoy produced texts which act as memory itself, thereby becoming the authoritative version of Russia’s past in the Crimea, often contradicting historical facts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classical%20reception" title="classical reception">classical reception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collective%20memory" title=" collective memory"> collective memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russian%20history" title=" Russian history"> Russian history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russian%20literature" title=" Russian literature"> Russian literature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114113/russias-war-memory-how-tolstoy-uses-homeric-epic-to-reconstruct-history" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2919</span> Russian, Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies on Ismailism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dagikhudo%20Dagiev">Dagikhudo Dagiev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is a thorough contribution to the analysis of Russian, Soviet and post-Soviet scholarship on the study of Ismailism in Central Asia. It focuses on the lengthy development of Russian studies on Ismailism from the Russian colonial domination to the entire period of Soviet rule, down to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the last two decades of post-Soviet history. These studies, conducted along the lines of various disciplines in the span of more than one hundred years, have resulted in a large amount of scholarly contributions. This paper aims at probing the virtues and shortcoming of such scholarship. Particularly, our investigation of the specialised fields in the Russian-Soviet Studies has required laborious researches in Russian and Central Asian libraries, which have enabled us to provide a guide through this literature, assessing its ideological leanings and qualities, institutions and level of scholarship. Despite some shortcomings, due to Marxism and the authoritarian rule of the Communist Party over the socio-religious life of the people and religious communities, Soviet studies have produced many positive insights on Ismailis studies. These captured almost every aspects of the life of the Ismaili community from anthropology to archaeology, ethnography, history, philosophy, ritual practice and, most importantly, collection and preservation of Ismaiili manuscripts, which will be examined and assessed in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Central%20Asian%20Studies" title="Central Asian Studies">Central Asian Studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismailism" title=" Ismailism"> Ismailism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russian%20Studies" title=" Russian Studies"> Russian Studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soviet%20Studies" title=" Soviet Studies"> Soviet Studies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51472/russian-soviet-and-post-soviet-studies-on-ismailism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2918</span> Labour Migration in Russia in the Context of Russia’s National Security Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20V.%20Dolzhikova">A. V. Dolzhikova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article deals with the problems of labour migration in the Russian Federation in the context of Russia's national security, provides the typology of migrants residing in the territory of the Russian Federation and analyzes the risk factors. The author considers the structure of migration flows and the terms of legal, economic and socio-cultural adaptation of migrants in the Russian Federation. In this connection, the status of the Russian migration legislation, the concept of the comprehensive exam in Russian as a foreign language, history of Russia and the basics of the Russian Federation legislation for foreign citizens which was introduced in Russia on January 1, 2015, are analyzed. The article discloses its role as the adaptation strategy and the factor of Russia's migration security. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comprehensive%20exam" title="comprehensive exam">comprehensive exam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration%20policy" title=" migration policy"> migration policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration%20legislation" title=" migration legislation"> migration legislation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russia%27s%20national%20security" title=" Russia's national security"> Russia's national security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49836/labour-migration-in-russia-in-the-context-of-russias-national-security-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49836.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2917</span> History of Russian Women: The Historical Overview of the Images and Roles of Women in Old and Modern Russia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Chernyak">Elena Chernyak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The status of Russian women has changed dramatically over the course of Russian history and under different leadership and economic, political, and social conditions. The perception of women, their submissive roles, and low social status cause gender conflict that affects society: demographical issues, increased numbers of divorces, alcoholism, drug abuse, and crime. Despite the fact that around the world women are becoming more independent, protected by law, and play more important roles in society, Russian women are still dependent on men financially, socially, and psychologically. This paper critically explores the experience of Russian women over the course of over a thousand year of Russian history and how the position and image of women changed in Russian Empire, Soviet and post-Soviet Russia and what role women play in contemporary Russia. This paper is a result of deep examination of historical and religious literature, mass media, internet sources, and documents. This analysis shows that throughout history, the role and image of women in society have repeatedly varied depending on ideological and social conditions. In particular, the history of Russian women may be divided into five main periods. The first was the period of paganism, when almost all areas of life were open for women and when women were almost equal in social roles with men. During the second period, starting with the beginning of the Mongol invasion in the 13th century, the position of women was diminishing due to social transformation to the patriarchal society in which women started playing subordinate role in family and society. The third period – the period from the fourteenth through the sixteenth centuries - is a period of the total seclusion of Russian women from each part of social life. The fourth, Soviet period started after the Revolution of 1917. During that time, the position of women was drastically changed due to the transformation of traditional gender roles under the Bolshevik government. Woman's role was seen as worker-mothers who had a double duty: a worker and a mother. The final period began after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The restructuring (Perestroika) and post-Restructuring periods have had contradictory consequences and tremendous impact on Russian society. The image of women as partners and equal to men, which was promoted during the Soviet regime, has been replaced with the traditional functionalist views on family and the role of women, in which men and women have different but supposedly complementary roles. Modern Russia, despite publicly stating its commitment to equal rights, during last two decades has been reverting to an older social model with its emphasis on traditional gender roles, patriarchal ideas of dominant masculinity, and adverse attitudes to women, which are further supported and reinforced by the reviving Russian Orthodox Church. As demonstrated in this review, Russian women have never possessed the same rights as men and have always been subordinate to men. During all period of Russian history, patriarchal ideology maintained and reinforced in Russian society has always subjected women to manipulation, oppression, and victimization and portrayed women as not a ‘full human being’. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title="women">women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russia" title=" Russia"> Russia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patriarchy" title=" patriarchy"> patriarchy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion" title=" religion"> religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russian%20Orthodox%20Church" title=" Russian Orthodox Church"> Russian Orthodox Church</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87728/history-of-russian-women-the-historical-overview-of-the-images-and-roles-of-women-in-old-and-modern-russia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2916</span> A Trail of Decoding a Classical Riddle: An Analysis of Russian Military Strategy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karin%20Meghe%C8%99an">Karin Megheșan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandra%20Popescu"> Alexandra Popescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teodora%20Dobre"> Teodora Dobre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the past few years, the Russian Federation has become a central point on the security agenda of the most important international actors, due to its reloaded aggressiveness of foreign policy. Vladimir Putin, the actual president of the Russian Federation, has proven that Russia can and has the willingness to become the powerful actor that used to be during the Cold War. Russia’s new behavior on the international scene showed that Russia has not only expansionist (where expansionist is not only in terms of territory but also of ideology) intentions, but also the necessary resources, to build an empire that may have the power to counterbalance the influence of the United States and stop the expansion of the North-Atlantic Treaty Organization in an equation understood of multipolar Russian view. But in order to do this, there is necessary to follow a well-established plan or policy. Thus, the aim of the paper is to discuss how has the foreign policy of the Russian Federation evolved under the influence of the military and security strategies of the Russian nation, to briefly examine some of the factors that sculpture Russian foreign policy and behavior, in order to reshape a Russian (Soviet) profile so far considered antiquated. Our approach is an argument in favor of the analyses of the recent evolutions embedded in the course of history. In this context, the paper will include analytical thoughts about the Russian foreign policy and the latest strategic documents (security strategy and military doctrine) adopted by the Putin administration, with the purpose to highlight the main direction of action followed by all these documents together. The paper concludes that the military component is to be found in all these strategic documents, as well as at the core of Russian national interest, aspect that proves that Russia is still the adept of the traditional realist paradigm, reshaped in a Russian theory of the multipolar world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20warfare" title="hybrid warfare">hybrid warfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=military%20component" title=" military component"> military component</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=military%20doctrine" title=" military doctrine"> military doctrine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russian%20foreign%20policy" title=" Russian foreign policy"> Russian foreign policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20strategy" title=" security strategy"> security strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70719/a-trail-of-decoding-a-classical-riddle-an-analysis-of-russian-military-strategy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2915</span> Closed Will in Russian Civil Law: Specific Aspects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farida%20Buniatova">Farida Buniatova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Testamentary succession rules in the Russian Federation have been developing intensively since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The article analyses specific aspects of the closed will in Russian civil law. It discusses advantages and drawbacks of the closed will. In addition to that, the paper focuses on the will drafting and attestation procedures. The research provides ways to improve and enhance Russian legislation governing the closed will. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=closed%20will" title="closed will">closed will</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=testamentary%20succession" title=" testamentary succession"> testamentary succession</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=testator" title=" testator"> testator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=will" title=" will"> will</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28896/closed-will-in-russian-civil-law-specific-aspects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2914</span> The Effects of the Russian Crisis on Turkish Tourism Sector: A Case of Antalya Province, Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huseyin%20Cetin">Huseyin Cetin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halil%20Akmese"> Halil Akmese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sercan%20Aras"> Sercan Aras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahit%20Aytekin"> Vahit Aytekin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Economic crisis, terrorism, global crisis and the relations between countries are the factors affecting tourism industry and tourism industry is vulnerable against these factors. In our study, there are two dimensions about Russian crisis. The crisis between Russia and Ukraine and decreased oil prices in global market have been entailed Russian economic crisis. This crisis has induced that the ruble, Russian currency, has depreciated against American dollars and consequently the purchasing power of Russian has weakened. This is the first dimension of our study. Second dimension is a political crisis between Turkey and Russia owing to the fact that the Russian Warcraft was brought down by Turkish army. The aim of this study is to explain the impact of the consequences of Russian crisis on Turkish tourism industry. The study has been limited only Antalya province. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20crisis" title="economic crisis">economic crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey-Russian%20crisis" title=" Turkey-Russian crisis"> Turkey-Russian crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey%27s%20tourism%20industry" title=" Turkey's tourism industry"> Turkey's tourism industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20in%20Turkey" title=" tourism in Turkey"> tourism in Turkey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51138/the-effects-of-the-russian-crisis-on-turkish-tourism-sector-a-case-of-antalya-province-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2913</span> Grammatical Interference in Russian-Spanish Bilingualism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20A.%20Gnatyuk">Olga A. Gnatyuk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article is devoted to the phenomenon of interference that occurs in the case of the Russian-Spanish language contact. The questions of the definition of the term and levels, as well as prerequisites of interference occurrence, are considered. Interference, which is an essential part of bilingualism, may become apparent at different linguistic levels. Interference is especially evident in oral speech. The article reviews some examples of grammatical interference in Russian-Spanish bilingualism of Russian immigrants living in Spain. According to the results of the research, some cases of mother-tongue interference in Russian-Speaking Spanish language learners’ speech were revealed. Special attention is paid to such key spheres of grammatical interference as articles, personal pronouns, gender, and number of nouns. In the research, the drop of a link-verb, as well as its usage in some incorrect form, are observed in Russian immigrants’ speech. Conclusions are drawn that in the Spanish language, interference errors appear because of a consequence of both the absence in the Russian language of certain phenomena and categories of the Spanish language and the discrepancy of the linguistic systems of the two languages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilingualism" title="bilingualism">bilingualism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interference" title=" interference"> interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grammatical%20interference" title=" grammatical interference"> grammatical interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russian%20language" title=" Russian language"> Russian language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spanish%20language" title=" Spanish language"> Spanish language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117082/grammatical-interference-in-russian-spanish-bilingualism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2912</span> Modern Problems of Russian Sport Legislation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yurlov%20Sergey">Yurlov Sergey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The author examines modern problems of Russian sport legislation and whether it need to be changed in order to allow all sportsmen to participate, train and have another sportsmen’s rights as Russian law mandates. The article provides an overview of Russian sport legislation problems, provides examples of foreign countries. In addition, the author suggests solutions for existing legal problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amendment" title="amendment">amendment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20problem" title=" legal problem"> legal problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right" title=" right"> right</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport" title=" sport"> sport</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5926/modern-problems-of-russian-sport-legislation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2911</span> Phrasemes With The Component 'Water' In Polish And Russian - Comparative Aspects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksandra%20Majewska">Aleksandra Majewska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The subject of this article is phrasemes with the component 'water' in Polish and Russian. The purpose of the study is to analyse the collocations from the point of view of lexis and semantics. The material for analysis was extracted from phraseological dictionaries of Polish and Russian. From the point of view of lexis, an analysis was made of the inflectional component 'water' in phrasal expressions in both languages. Then, the phrasemes were divided into their corresponding semantic groups. That division became the subject of another comparative analysis in a further step. Finally, the functioning of some phrasemes compounds in the contexts of modern Polish and Russian was shown. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lingustic" title="lingustic">lingustic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language" title=" language"> language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phraseme" title=" phraseme"> phraseme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polish%20and%20Russian" title=" polish and Russian"> polish and Russian</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186852/phrasemes-with-the-component-water-in-polish-and-russian-comparative-aspects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2910</span> Analyzing Soviet and Post-Soviet Contemporary Russian Foreign Policy by Applying the Theory of Political Realism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Tsipis">Simon Tsipis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we propose to analyze Russian foreign policy conduct by applying the theory of Political Realism and the qualitative comparative method of analysis. We find that the paradigm of Political Realism supplies us with significant insights into the sources of contemporary Russian foreign policy conduct since the power factor was and remains an integral element in Russian foreign policies, especially when we apply comparative analysis and compare it with the behavior of its Soviet predecessor. Through the lens of the Realist theory, a handful of Russian foreign policy-making becomes clearer and much more comprehensible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=realism" title="realism">realism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russia" title=" Russia"> Russia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20war" title=" cold war"> cold war</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soviet%20Union" title=" Soviet Union"> Soviet Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20security" title=" European security"> European security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154764/analyzing-soviet-and-post-soviet-contemporary-russian-foreign-policy-by-applying-the-theory-of-political-realism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2909</span> Phraseologisms With The Spices And Food Additives Component In Polish And Russian. Lexical And Semantic Aspects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oliwia%20Bator">Oliwia Bator</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The subject of this description is phraseologisms with the component “spices and food additives component" in Polish and Russian. The purpose of the study is to analyze the phraseologisms from the point of view of lexis and semantics. The material for analysis was extracted from Phraseological Dictionaries of Polish and Russian. The phraseologisms were considered from the lexical point of view, taking into account the name of the " spices and food additives" component, which forms them. From the semantic point of view, 12 semantic groups of phraseologisms were separated in Polish, while 9 semantic groups were separated in Russian. In addition is shown their functioning in the contexts of contemporary Polish and Russian. The contexts were taken from the National Corpus of the Polish Language and the National Corpus of the Russian Language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phraseology" title="phraseology">phraseology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language" title=" language"> language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slavic%20studies" title=" slavic studies"> slavic studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistics" title=" linguistics"> linguistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186850/phraseologisms-with-the-spices-and-food-additives-component-in-polish-and-russian-lexical-and-semantic-aspects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186850.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">37</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2908</span> A Comparison between Russian and Western Approach for Deep Foundation Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Delara">Saeed Delara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kendra%20MacKay"> Kendra MacKay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Varying methodologies are considered for pile design for both Russian and Western approaches. Although both approaches rely on toe and side frictional resistances, different calculation methods are proposed to estimate pile capacity. The Western approach relies on compactness (internal friction angle) of soil for cohesionless soils and undrained shear strength for cohesive soils. The Russian approach relies on grain size for cohesionless soils and liquidity index for cohesive soils. Though most recommended methods in the Western approaches are relatively simple methods to predict pile settlement, the Russian approach provides a detailed method to estimate single pile and pile group settlement. Details to calculate pile axial capacity and settlement using the Russian and Western approaches are discussed and compared against field test results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20capacity" title="pile capacity">pile capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20settlement" title=" pile settlement"> pile settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russian%20approach" title=" Russian approach"> Russian approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=western%20approach" title=" western approach"> western approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104330/a-comparison-between-russian-and-western-approach-for-deep-foundation-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2907</span> Between the ‘Principle of Hope’ and ‘Spiritual Booze’: An Analysis of Religious Themes in the Language Used by the Russian Marxists</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Bocean">George Bocean</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the mainstream academic spheres of thought, there is a tendency to associate the writings of Russian Marxists as being constantly against the practice of religion itself. Such arguments mainly stem from how the attitude of the Russian Marxists, specifically the Bolsheviks, towards the concept of religion supposedly originates from its own Marxist ideology. Although Marxism is critical of religion as an institution, the approach that Marxism would have on the question of religion is not as clear. Such aspect is specifically observed in the use of language of major leading Russian Marxist figures, such as Lenin and Trotsky, throughout the early 20th century, where the use of religious metaphors was widely used in their philosophical writings and speeches, as well as in propaganda posters of general left-wing movements in Russia as a whole. The methodology of the research will consist of a sociolinguistic and sociology of language approach within a sociohistorical framework of late Tsarist and early Soviet Russia, 1905-1926. The purpose of such approaches are not simply to point out the religious metaphors used in the writings and speeches of Marxists in Russia, but rather in order to analyse how the use of such metaphors represent an important socio-political connection with the context of Russia at the time. In other words, the use of religious metaphors was not only more akin to Russian culture at the time, but this also resonated and was more familiar with the conditions of the working class and peasantry. An example in this study can be observed in the writings of Lenin, where the theme of chudo (miracle) is often mentioned in his writings, and such a word is commonly associated with an idealist philosophy rather than a materialist one, which represents a common theme in Russian culture in regards to the principle of hope for a better life. A further and even more obvious example is Trotsky’s writings about how the revolution of 1905 “would be revived”, which not only resonates with the theme of resurrection, but also prophesises the “second coming” of a future revolution. Such metaphors are important in the writings of such authors, as they simultaneously contain Marxist ideas, as well as religious themes. In doing this research, this paper will demonstrate two aspects. Firstly, the paper will analyse the use of the metaphors by Russian Marxists as a whole in regards to a socio-political and ideological perspectives akin to those of Marxism. Secondly, it will also demonstrate the role that such metaphors have in regards to their impact on the left-wing movements within Russia itself, as well as their relation to the working class and peasantry of Russia within the historical context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20and%20politics" title="language and politics">language and politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marxism" title=" Marxism"> Marxism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russian%20history" title=" Russian history"> Russian history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20history" title=" social history"> social history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sociology%20of%20language" title=" sociology of language"> sociology of language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121542/between-the-principle-of-hope-and-spiritual-booze-an-analysis-of-religious-themes-in-the-language-used-by-the-russian-marxists" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121542.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2906</span> Heilong-Amur River: From Disputed Border to Brigde of Cooperation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan%20Wang">Wan Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xing%20Li"> Xing Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the international river playing an increasingly important role in international relations, the border river between China and Russia has attracted more attention. During the history of Sino-Russian relations, Heilong-Amur River used to be a disputed border. The Sino-Russian transboundary water cooperation regarding the Heilong-Amur River started in 1950s and has obtained rapid improvement. In the 21st century, this cooperation has made substantial progress, which is worthy of a further study. However, this cooperation is facing with obstacles in aspects of economy, policy, implementation and mutual understandings. Under this circumstance, from the perspective of China, it is of necessity to realize these problems and take appropriate measures to promote the cooperation. The current Sino-Russian relations is conducive to transboundary water resources cooperation regarding the Heilong-Amur River and some measures adopted by China are already ongoing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperation" title=" cooperation"> cooperation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heilong-Amur%20River" title=" Heilong-Amur River"> Heilong-Amur River</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russia" title=" Russia"> Russia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55387/heilong-amur-river-from-disputed-border-to-brigde-of-cooperation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2905</span> Colonizing the Colonizers: Layers of Subjectification in the Russian Caucasus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aaron%20Derner">Aaron Derner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Unlike the histories of France, the UK, or even Spain, the Russian colonial past often dissolves before the seemingly more salient Cold War figurations or Soviet dissolution. The obvious explanation behind Caucasian states’ roles—that of Russian-propped governments obeying the whims of their patron—is but the latest instance of such oversight. Where the results of colonial social and cultural interactions are indelibly stamped across France, Algeria, and every other former (and current) French holding, so to are the Muscovite and Russian colonial ambitions embedded within the modern politics and cultures of both Russia and the Caucasus. Russian colonial artefacts are enhanced and perhaps granted an additional social explanatory edge over those of the ‘typical’ colonizers, by the cyclical adoration for and noisy rejection of European cultural markers over the centuries, along with the somewhat unusual composition of the Cossacks: Russia’s main agents of colonialization within the Caucasian frontier. The story of Russia and Chechnya, of all the Caucasus, is of the manufacture of social and individual identity through “modes of subjectification” inherent within the region’s colonial history and driven by the triangular interactions between three main groups: the Cossacks, the Caucasian Mountain Tribes, and the Russian Metropol. Together, interactions between these social groups worked to shape and transform the lifestyles and institutional pathologies that constitute the Russian and Chechen states and the politics between them. At the core of this (Western) state-building is the simultaneous and seemingly contradictory desire to be more Western and emulate Western cultural and political practices while also desperately grasping for a uniquely Russian identity. This sits somewhat ironically against the backdrop that Russia hosted a frontier-based settler society and had established that distinctly European feature of settler colonialism early in its history—arguably establishing a claim to being the most “colonial” of the colonial powers. There is no doubt that these forces worked to shape contemporary Russian political and social identity—apparent in the mythic popularity of the Cossack in Russian literature, politics, and academic discourse. What needs to be expanded from the current narrative, however, is that beyond the Cossack identity’s attractiveness on the grounds of its tones of freedom and resistance to unjust authority, the identity is rooted in the imperial ambitions and colonial experiences of the Russian state, and is, therefore, a direct marker of domination and subjectification. Adding an unusual dimension to this not-uncommon cultural progression, the Russian state needed to colonize both the Caucases and the Russian Cossacks, appropriating them in much the same way they appropriated the Circassian mountain tribes. The focus of this paper is not to tell yet another story of how one culture entered an area to overpower another but how a ‘powerful,’ ‘modern,’ ‘Western(ish)’ culture was profoundly and continually changed through its contact with a group of tribal ‘savages’ and ‘braves.’ <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chechnya" title=" chechnya"> chechnya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subjectification" title=" subjectification"> subjectification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caucasus" title=" caucasus"> caucasus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cossacks" title=" cossacks"> cossacks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ukraine" title=" Ukraine"> Ukraine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164763/colonizing-the-colonizers-layers-of-subjectification-in-the-russian-caucasus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164763.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2904</span> Sino-Russian Cooperation in the Arctic (Based on the Materials of the Russian Press)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cui%20Long%20%28Allen%29">Cui Long (Allen)</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The role of the Arctic in world politics and international relations has increased significantly over the past decades. With its large natural resources, the Arctic region has important geopolitical, strategic, and economic significance. All this determines the interest in it not only of the Arctic states but also of states located far from the Arctic. One of these states is the People's Republic of China. Relations between China and Russia in recent decades have been built on the basis of strategic partnership. Joint projects in the Arctic have become the most important priority area of this partnership. These are projects in the transport and energy fields. A large number of works by Russian scientists are devoted to the Sino-Russian Arctic cooperation. Most authors consider cooperation as a guarantee of stability for China and Russia in a globalized world. However, there are authors who believe that there are separate contradictions in the relations between the Arctic and non-Arctic countries. In their opinion, China sometimes acts as a competitor, and its activities become expansionist. In general, according to the Russian authors, Sino-Russian cooperation is mutually beneficial and is under development. China and Russia have a long way to go in the issue of sustainable development of the Arctic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=People%E2%80%99s%20Republic%20of%20China" title="People’s Republic of China">People’s Republic of China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russian%20Federation" title=" Russian Federation"> Russian Federation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arctic" title=" Arctic"> Arctic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historiography" title=" historiography"> historiography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182438/sino-russian-cooperation-in-the-arctic-based-on-the-materials-of-the-russian-press" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2903</span> Spoken Subcorpus of the Kazakh Language: History, Content, Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuralay%20Bimoldaevna%20Kuderinova">Kuralay Bimoldaevna Kuderinova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beisenkhan%20Samal"> Beisenkhan Samal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The history of creating a linguistic corpus in Kazakh linguistics begins only in 2016. Though within this short period of time, the linguistic corpus has become a national corpus and its several subcorpora, namely historical, cultural, spoken, dialectological, writers’ subcorpus, proverbs subcorpus and poetic texts subcorpus, have appeared and are working effectively. Among them, the spoken corpus has its own characteristics. The Kazakh language is one of the languages belonging to the Kypchak-Nogai group of Turkic peoples. The Kazakh language is a language that, as a part of the former Soviet Union, was directly influenced by the Russian language and underwent major changes in its spoken and written forms. After the Republic of Kazakhstan gained independence, the Kazakh language received the status of the state language in 1991. However, today, the prestige of the Russian language is still higher than that of the Kazakh language. Therefore, the direct influence of the Russian language on the structure, style, and vocabulary of the Kazakh language continues. In particular, it can be said that the national practice of the spoken language is disappearing, as the spoken form of Kazakh is not used in official gatherings and events of state importance. In this regard, it is very important to collect and preserve examples of spoken language. Recording exemplary spoken texts, converting them into written form, and providing their audio along with orphoepic explanations will serve as a valuable tool for teaching and learning the Kazakh language. Therefore, the report will cover interesting aspects and scientific foundations related to the creation, content, and methodology of the oral subcorpus of the Kazakh language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spoken%20corpus" title="spoken corpus">spoken corpus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazakh%20language" title=" Kazakh language"> Kazakh language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthoepic%20norm" title=" orthoepic norm"> orthoepic norm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LLM" title=" LLM"> LLM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192605/spoken-subcorpus-of-the-kazakh-language-history-content-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2902</span> An Empty Canvas is Full</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joonha%20Park">Joonha Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This essay examines the Soviet Artist Pavel Korin’s artistic pursuit towards his life-long project, “Requiem/Passing of the Rus,” framing the funeral of Tikhon, the last great defender of the Russian orthodox Church during the Great purge, as the final moment of “Rus,” which is the identity of the Russian people that built up in the 1000 year of history behind Russian Orthodoxy. Korin’s project remains in the form of a series of 29 man-sized portraits and a monumental blank canvas. Born in a family dedicated to iconography, Korin witnessed the historic drama during Stalin’s terror; therefore, he tried to convey the nation’s mourning for the disappearance of “Rus” and disapproval of the Soviet notion of atheism. Yet, due to Korin’s success as a state artist, many believed that the political pressure led Korin to give up his belief and controversy arose over the fact that Korin left the canvas blank. The empty 40-square-meter canvas, which remains untouched in his studio since 1930, supports this theory to an extent. However, resources such as Korin’s notes, primary accounts from his fellow Soviet Artists, and testimonies from his wife suggested that this assumption is incorrect. Moreover, Korin’s uninterrupted relationship with the church and the religious attributes in his commissioned works were brought up as evidence of Korin’s continued belief. The empty canvas not only represents Korin’s discontentment towards the repression and the hardships that the Orthodox Church experienced, but also depicts the identity that coexisted with the Church in order to bequeath this idea to future generations. The faultless canvas surrounded by the striking 29 portraits is a symbol of the highest spirit, similar to that of the iconography paintings placed in every Russian house that unites the Russian people till this day, therefore one can deduce that the legacy of “Requiem” is still relevant to the Russian people even under freedom of religious expression. Consequently, “Requiem” was on display at the Tretyakov Gallery for the first time in public in 2013 even though Korin started creating this piece in 1925, extolling Korin not only as an artist but also as a historian; by recording the turmoil of the Great Oppression, Korin exhibited the social responsibility universal to artists across time and space. In this essay, the legacy Korin left behind, both to his contemporaries and his posterity is reevaluated through the lens of his works, unfinished as they were. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20Korin" title="Pavel Korin">Pavel Korin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Art%20History" title=" Art History"> Art History</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Art" title=" Art"> Art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russia" title=" Russia"> Russia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soviet%20Union" title=" Soviet Union"> Soviet Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Requiem" title=" Requiem"> Requiem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russian%20orthodox%20church" title=" Russian orthodox church"> Russian orthodox church</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Treytyakov%20gallery" title=" Treytyakov gallery"> Treytyakov gallery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contemporary%20art" title=" contemporary art"> contemporary art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socialist%20realism" title=" socialist realism"> socialist realism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maxim%20Gorky" title=" Maxim Gorky"> Maxim Gorky</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34761/an-empty-canvas-is-full" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34761.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2901</span> Gymnastics Under Special Surveillance. The Impact of Western Sanctions on Russian Sport</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksandra%20Majewska">Aleksandra Majewska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article analyses the impact of Western sanctions on Russian rhythmic gymnastics since the outbreak of war in Ukraine. The chronological presentation of events shows how international political tensions and economic sanctions have affected the organisation of competitions, training and the careers of athletes. The article outlines the key moments and decisions that have changed the landscape of Russian sport, including the decision to change the citizenship made by some gymnasts in order to continue competing in international competitions. Russia strongly opposes participation in competitions without its flag and anthem while maintaining the view that Russian gymnasts are crucial to the prestige of rhythmic gymnastics in the world. In response to the sanctions, Russia created its own rules for rhythmic gymnastics, according to which they now compete domestically. Furthermore, this sport in Russia is strongly linked to politics, which further emphasises its importance in the national and international context. The information collected derives from numerous interviews with Russian athletes, coaches and other people, which are available only in the Russian language. The findings highlight the significant difficulties Russian athletes have faced due to their isolation in the international arena and the adaptive strategies adopted by Russia in the face of these challenges. The article makes an important contribution to understanding the consequences of global politics on the world of sport and the fate of individual athletes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport" title="sport">sport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gymnastics" title=" gymnastics"> gymnastics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=war%20in%20Ukraine" title=" war in Ukraine"> war in Ukraine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sanctions" title=" sanctions"> sanctions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186849/gymnastics-under-special-surveillance-the-impact-of-western-sanctions-on-russian-sport" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">39</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2900</span> Adaptation Experience of Russian-Speaking Immigrants in Canada</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uliana%20Morozovskaia">Uliana Morozovskaia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Immigrants in any country undergo an acculturation process which, in other words, means adaptation to other cultures. It can be divided into four strategies: integration (when an immigrant support home and host culture and language), assimilation (supporting only host culture and language), separation (supporting only home culture and language), and marginalization (an immigrant has no interest in supporting none of the cultures or languages). Canada has experienced a rise in the number of Russian speakers who are immigrating to Canada in the last couple of years. Although there are some studies on Russian-speaking immigrants, a small percentage of them have been focusing on their immigration experience in Canada. This is why the present study aimed to analyze the acculturation experience that Russian-speaking immigrants have when they move to Canada. One hundred participants have been surveyed on SurveyMonkey. They have been asked to share their life experience and opinion about their adaptation process, self-identity in terms of language use and cultural feelings, language preferences, and others. The results showed that Russian-speaking immigrants can successfully adapt to Canadian culture and society, and many of them feel at home being in their host country. Interestingly, such feelings have appeared after they spent some years in Canada. The study also found out that after the immigration, participants were more likely to focus on Canada’s official languages (English and/or French). However, when they became comfortable with the lifestyle and the language, they switched their attention to Russian language maintenance and home culture preservation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acculturation" title="acculturation">acculturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russian-speaking%20immigrants" title=" Russian-speaking immigrants"> Russian-speaking immigrants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptation" title=" adaptation"> adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canada" title=" Canada"> Canada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immigration" title=" immigration"> immigration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mother%20tongue%20preservation" title=" mother tongue preservation"> mother tongue preservation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150470/adaptation-experience-of-russian-speaking-immigrants-in-canada" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2899</span> Web-Content Analysis of the Major Spanish Tourist Destinations Evaluation by Russian Tourists</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalia%20Polkanova">Natalia Polkanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20Kazakov"> Sergey Kazakov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the research, we proposed the set of factors of tourist destinations attractiveness in Spain and determined the factors that have the greatest impact on the positive perception of the tourist destination by Russian tourists; also, we examined what factors create the willingness for Russians to recommend this tourist destination to their friends and relatives. The tourists' comments on the Russian travel sites have been analyzed in order to determine the frequency of attractiveness characteristics references. Additionally, the study will reflect the relationship of variables. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20destination" title="tourism destination">tourism destination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=destination%20attractiveness" title=" destination attractiveness"> destination attractiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=destination%20competitiveness" title=" destination competitiveness"> destination competitiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20analysis" title=" content analysis"> content analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unstructured%20image" title=" unstructured image"> unstructured image</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15371/web-content-analysis-of-the-major-spanish-tourist-destinations-evaluation-by-russian-tourists" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2898</span> Between Buddha and Tsar: Kalmyk Buddhist Sangha in Late Russian Empire</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elzyata%20Kuberlinova">Elzyata Kuberlinova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores how the Kalmyk Buddhist sangha responded to the Russian empire’s administrative integration and how the Buddhist clerical institutions were shaped in the process of interaction with representatives of the predominantly Orthodox state. The eighteenth-nineteenth century Russian imperial regime adhered to a religion-centred framework to govern its diverse subjects. Within this framework, any form of religious authority was considered a useful tool in the imperial quest for legibility. As such, rather than imposing religious homogeneity, the Russian administration engineered a framework of religious toleration and integrated the non-Orthodox clerical institutions in the empire’s administration. In its attempt to govern the large body of Kalmyk Buddhist sangha, the Russian government had to incorporate the sangha into the imperial institutional establishment. To this end, the Russian government founded the Lamaist Spiritual Governing Board in 1834, which became a part of the civil administration, where the Kalmyk Buddhist affairs were managed under the supervision of the Russian secular authorities. In 1847 the Lamaist Spiritual Board was abolished and Buddhist religious authority was transferred to the Lama of the Kalmyk people. From 1847 until the end of the empire in 1917 the Lama was the manager and intermediary figure between the Russian authorities and the Kalmyks where religious affairs were concerned. Substantial evidence collected in archives in Elista, Astrakhan, Stavropol and St.Petersburg show that despite being on the government’s payroll, first the Lamaist Spiritual Governing Board and later on the Lama did not always serve the interests of the state, and did not always comply with the Russian authorities’ orders. Although being incorporated into the state administrative system the Lama often found ways to manoeuvre the web of the Russian imperial bureaucracy in order to achieve his own goals. The Lama often used ‘every-day forms of resistance’ such as feigned misinterpretation, evasion, false compliance, feigned ignorance, and sabotage in order to resist without directly confronting or challenging the state orders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buddhist%20Sangha" title="Buddhist Sangha">Buddhist Sangha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermediary" title=" intermediary"> intermediary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalmyks" title=" Kalmyks"> Kalmyks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lama" title=" Lama"> Lama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legibility" title=" legibility"> legibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reform" title=" reform"> reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russian%20empire" title=" Russian empire"> Russian empire</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69271/between-buddha-and-tsar-kalmyk-buddhist-sangha-in-late-russian-empire" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2897</span> Russian ‘Active Measures’: An Applicable Supporting Tool for Russia`s Foreign Policy Objectives in the 21st Century</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%C3%A5kon%20Riiber">Håkon Riiber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the extent to which Russian ‘Active Measures’ play a role in contemporary Russian foreign policy and in what way the legacy of the Soviet Union is still apparent in these practices. The analysis draws on a set of case studies from the 21st century to examine these aspects, showing which ‘Active Measures’ features are old and which are new in the post-Cold War era. The paper highlights that the topic has gained significant academic and political interest in recent years, largely due to the aggressive posture of the Russian Federation on the world stage, exemplified through interventions in Estonia, Georgia, and Ukraine and interference in several democratic elections in the West. However, the paper argues that the long-term impact of these measures may have unintended implications for Russia. While Russia is unlikely to stop using Active Measures, increased awareness of the exploitation of weaknesses, institutions, or other targets may lead to greater security measures and an ability to identify and defend against these activities. The paper contends that Soviet-style ‘Active Measures’ from the Cold War era have been modernized and are now utilized to create an advantageous atmosphere for further exploitation to support contemporary Russian foreign policy. It offers three key points to support this argument: the reenergized legacy of the Cold War era, the use of ‘Active Measures’ in a number of cases in the 21st century, and the applicability of AM to the Russian approach to foreign policy. The analysis reveals that while this is not a new Russian phenomenon, it is still oversimplified and inaccurately understood by the West, which may result in a decreased ability to defend against these activities and limit the unwarranted escalation of the ongoing security situation between the West and Russia. The paper concludes that the legacy of Soviet-era Active Measures continues to influence Russian foreign policy, and modern technological advances have only made them more applicable to the current political climate. Overall, this paper sheds light on the important issue of Russian ‘Active Measures’ and the role they play in contemporary Russian foreign policy. It emphasizes the need for increased awareness, understanding, and security measures to defend against these activities and prevent further escalation of the security situation between the West and Russia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russian%20espionage" title="Russian espionage">Russian espionage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20measures" title=" active measures"> active measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disinformation" title=" disinformation"> disinformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russian%20intelligence" title=" Russian intelligence"> Russian intelligence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163484/russian-active-measures-an-applicable-supporting-tool-for-russias-foreign-policy-objectives-in-the-21st-century" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163484.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2896</span> Expressivity of Word-Formation in English and Russian Advertising Lexicon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Voronina%20Ekaterina%20Borisovna">Voronina Ekaterina Borisovna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problem of expressivity of advertising lexicon is studied in the article. The comparison of English and Russian advertising lexicons is done. The objects of the analysis were English and Russian advertising texts, both printed advertising texts and texts extracted from the commercials. Some conclusions concerning the expressivity of advertising lexicon were made. Expressivity can be included in the semantic structure of words or created by word-formation means. Expressivity caused by morphological derivatives includes such facilities as derivational affixes, models and types of word formation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertising%20lexicon" title="advertising lexicon">advertising lexicon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expressivity" title=" expressivity"> expressivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=word-formation%20means" title=" word-formation means"> word-formation means</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistics" title=" linguistics"> linguistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6181/expressivity-of-word-formation-in-english-and-russian-advertising-lexicon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2895</span> Russian Law Enforcement Moonlighting Enterprise and Corruption after 2009 Police reform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serguei%20Cheloukhine">Serguei Cheloukhine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines corrupting and moonlighting enterprise among Russian law enforcement (Police) since the 2009 Police Reform (hereto forward referred to as Reform). This research is based on the survey of about two dozen police officers in Russia’s regions. In addition, we analyzed statistics on crime, policing and socio-economic situation in Russian regions. Congruently, some data on the police officer’s off-duty activities was collected from the Internet sites. These Reforms sought to curb corruption at all levels of the Russian civil service and among uniformed law enforcement (Police) personnel. Many thought that the rebranding of the Militsiya as ‘Politsiya’ (Police) would have a transformational effect, both within the organization as well as how others perceived it. Ultimately, the rebranding effort failed; the only actual changes were the organization’s name and its personnel's uniforms. In fact, the Reforms seems to have contributed to even more corruption and abuse of power, as well an expansion of Law Enforcement’s ties to Corrupt Networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bribery" title="bribery">bribery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corruption" title=" corruption"> corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moonlighting" title=" moonlighting"> moonlighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=police%20reform" title=" police reform"> police reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russia" title=" Russia"> Russia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194479/russian-law-enforcement-moonlighting-enterprise-and-corruption-after-2009-police-reform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2894</span> Russian pipeline natural gas export strategy under uncertainty</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koryukaeva%20Ksenia">Koryukaeva Ksenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinfeng%20Sun"> Jinfeng Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Europe has been a traditional importer of Russian natural gas for more than 50 years. In 2021, Russian state-owned company Gazprom supplied about a third of all gas consumed in Europe. The Russia-Europe mutual dependence in terms of natural gas supplies has been causing many concerns about the energy security of the two sides for a long period of time. These days the issue has become more urgent than ever considering recent Russian invasion in Ukraine followed by increased large-scale geopolitical conflicts, making the future of Russian natural gas supplies and global gas markets as well highly uncertain. Hence, the main purpose of this study is to get insight into the possible futures of Russian pipeline natural gas exports by a scenario planning method based on Monte-Carlo simulation within LUSS model framework, and propose Russian pipeline natural gas export strategies based on the obtained scenario planning results. The scenario analysis revealed that recent geopolitical disputes disturbed the traditional, longstanding model of Russian pipeline gas exports, and, as a result, the prospects and the pathways for Russian pipeline gas on the world markets will differ significantly from those before 2022. Specifically, our main findings show, that (i) the events of 2022 generated many uncertainties for the long-term future of Russian pipeline gas export perspectives on both western and eastern supply directions, including geopolitical, regulatory, economic, infrastructure and other uncertainties; (ii) according to scenario modelling results, Russian pipeline exports will face many challenges in the future, both on western and eastern directions. A decrease in pipeline gas exports will inevitably affect country’s natural gas production and significantly reduce fossil fuel export revenues, jeopardizing the energy security of the country; (iii) according to proposed strategies, in order to ensure the long-term stable export supplies in the changing environment, Russia may need to adjust its traditional export strategy by performing export flows and product diversification, entering new markets, adapting its contracting mechanism, increasing competitiveness and gaining a reputation of a reliable gas supplier. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russian%20natural%20gas" title="Russian natural gas">Russian natural gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pipeline%20natural%20gas" title=" Pipeline natural gas"> Pipeline natural gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uncertainty" title=" Uncertainty"> Uncertainty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Scenario%20simulation" title=" Scenario simulation"> Scenario simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Export%20strategy" title=" Export strategy"> Export strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183502/russian-pipeline-natural-gas-export-strategy-under-uncertainty" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183502.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2893</span> The Role of the Russian as a Foreign Language (RFL) Textbook in the RFL System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linda%20Torresin">Linda Torresin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is devoted to the Russian as a Foreign Language (RFL) textbook, which is understood as a fundamental element of the RFL system. The aim of the study is to explore the role of the RFL textbook in modern RFL teaching theories and practices. It is suggested that the RFL textbook is not a secondary factor but contributes to the advancement and rewriting of both RFL theories and practices. This study applies to the RFL textbook theory's recent pedagogical developments in education. Therefore, the RFL system is conceived as a complex adaptive system whose elements (teacher, textbook, students, etc.) interact in a dynamic network of interconnections. In particular, the author shows that the textbook plays a central role in the RFL system since it may change and even renew RFL teaching from both theoretical and practical perspectives. On the one hand, in fact, the use of an RFL textbook may impact teaching theories: that is, the textbook may either consolidate preexisting theories or launch new approaches. On the other hand, the RFL textbook may also influence teaching practices by reinforcing the preexisting ones or encouraging teachers to try new strategies instead. All this allows the RFL textbook, within the RFL complex adaptive system, to exert an influence on the specific teaching contexts in which Russian is taught, interacting with the other elements of the system itself. Through its findings, this paper contributes to the advancement of research on RFL textbook theory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20system" title="adaptive system">adaptive system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20language%20textbook" title=" foreign language textbook"> foreign language textbook</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20Russian%20as%20a%20foreign%20language" title=" teaching Russian as a foreign language"> teaching Russian as a foreign language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textbook%20of%20Russian%20as%20a%20foreign%20language" title=" textbook of Russian as a foreign language"> textbook of Russian as a foreign language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156432/the-role-of-the-russian-as-a-foreign-language-rfl-textbook-in-the-rfl-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156432.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2892</span> Official Seals on the Russian-Qing Treaties: Material Manifestations and Visual Enunciations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ning%20Chia">Ning Chia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Each of the three different language texts (Manchu, Russian, and Latin) of the 1689 Treaty of Nerchinsk bore official seals from Imperial Russia and Qing China. These seals have received no academic attention, yet they can reveal a site of a layered and shared material, cultural, political, and diplomatic world of the time in Eastern Eurasia. The very different seal selections from both empires while ratifying the Treaty of Beijing in 1860 have obtained no scholarly advertency either; they can also explicate a tremendously changed relationship with visual and material manifestation. Exploring primary sources in Manchu, Russian, and Chinese languages as well as the images of the visual seals, this study investigates the reasons and purposes of utilizing official seals for the treaty agreement. A refreshed understanding of Russian-Qing diplomacy will be developed by pursuing the following aspects: (i) Analyzing the iconographic meanings of each seal insignia and unearthing a competitive, yet symbols-delivered and seal-generated, 'dialogue' between the two empires (ii) Contextualizing treaty seals within the historical seal cultures, and discovering how domestic seal system in each empire’s political institution developed into treaty-defined bilateral relations (iii) Expounding the seal confiding in each empire’s daily governing routines, and annotating the trust in the seal as a quested promise from the opponent negotiator to fulfill the treaty terms (iv) Contrasting the two seal traditions along two civilization-lines, Eastern vs. Western, and dissecting how the two styles of seal emblems affected the cross-cultural understanding or misunderstanding between the two empires (v) Comprehending the history-making events from the substantial resources such as the treaty seals, and grasping why the seals for the two treaties, so different in both visual design and symbolic value, were chosen in the two relationship eras (vi) Correlating the materialized seal 'expression' and the imperial worldviews based on each empire’s national/or power identity, and probing the seal-represented 'rule under the Heaven' assumption of China and Russian rising role in 'European-American imperialism … centered on East Asia' (Victor Shmagin, 2020). In conclusion, the impact of official seals on diplomatic treaties needs profound knowledge in seal history, insignia culture, and emblem belief to be able to comprehend. The official seals in both Imperial Russia and Qing China belonged to a particular statecraft art in a specific material and visual form. Once utilized in diplomatic treaties, the meticulously decorated and politically institutionalized seals were transformed from the determinant means for domestic administration and social control into the markers of an empire’s sovereign authority. Overlooked in historical practice, the insignia seal created a wire of 'visual contest' between the two rival powers. Through this material lens, the scholarly knowledge of the Russian-Qing diplomatic relationship will be significantly upgraded. Connecting Russian studies, Qing/Chinese studies, and Eurasian studies, this study also ties material culture, political culture, and diplomatic culture together. It promotes the study of official seals and emblem symbols in worldwide diplomatic history. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russia-Qing%20diplomatic%20relation" title="Russia-Qing diplomatic relation">Russia-Qing diplomatic relation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Treaty%20of%20Beijing%20%281860%29" title=" Treaty of Beijing (1860)"> Treaty of Beijing (1860)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Treaty%20of%20Nerchinsk%20%281689%29" title=" Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689)"> Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Treaty%20seals" title=" Treaty seals"> Treaty seals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129203/official-seals-on-the-russian-qing-treaties-material-manifestations-and-visual-enunciations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2891</span> Social Media Marketing in Russia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20A.%20Ageeva">J. A. Ageeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20S.%20Zavyalova"> Z. S. Zavyalova </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article considers social media as a tool for business promotion. We analyze and compare the SMM experience in the western countries and Russia. A short review of Russian social networks are given including their peculiar features, and the main problems and perspectives of Russian SMM are described. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title="social media">social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks" title=" social networks"> social networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title=" marketing"> marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMM" title=" SMM"> SMM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22248/social-media-marketing-in-russia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22248.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge 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