CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Homeopathy - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"246e471e-5b7c-4bab-9010-60cbba780848","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Homeopathy","wgTitle":"Homeopathy","wgCurRevisionId":1260053306,"wgRevisionId":1260053306,"wgArticleId":14229,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the Phonos extension","Articles containing Greek-language text","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from March 2011","CS1 German-language sources (de)","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","CS1 Latin-language sources (la)","CS1 maint: location missing publisher","Articles with German-language sources (de)", "Pages using cite court with unknown parameters","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism","Good articles","Use Oxford spelling from September 2016","Use mdy dates from August 2017","Pages including recorded pronunciations","Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from February 2020","Commons category link from Wikidata","Homeopathy","Pseudoscience","Obsolete medical theories","1796 introductions","Health fraud"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Homeopathy","wgRelevantArticleId":14229,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["autoconfirmed"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags": {"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q81058","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles": "ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.phonos.init","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging", "ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Saxonia_Museum_fuer_saechsische_Vaterlandskunde_III_19.jpg/1200px-Saxonia_Museum_fuer_saechsische_Vaterlandskunde_III_19.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1534"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Saxonia_Museum_fuer_saechsische_Vaterlandskunde_III_19.jpg/800px-Saxonia_Museum_fuer_saechsische_Vaterlandskunde_III_19.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1022"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Saxonia_Museum_fuer_saechsische_Vaterlandskunde_III_19.jpg/640px-Saxonia_Museum_fuer_saechsische_Vaterlandskunde_III_19.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="818"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Homeopathy - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopathy"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopathy"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Homeopathy rootpage-Homeopathy skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Homeopathy" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Homeopathy" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Homeopathy" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Homeopathy" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Concept" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concept"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Concept </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concept-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Provings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.1 Provings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miasms_and_disease" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miasms_and_disease"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.2 Miasms and disease </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miasms_and_disease-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century:_rise_to_popularity_and_early_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century:_rise_to_popularity_and_early_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 19th century: rise to popularity and early criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century:_rise_to_popularity_and_early_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revival_in_the_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revival_in_the_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Revival in the 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revival_in_the_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century:_renewed_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century:_renewed_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 21st century: renewed criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century:_renewed_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preparations_and_treatment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparations_and_treatment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Preparations and treatment </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Preparations_and_treatment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Preparations and treatment subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Preparations_and_treatment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Consultation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consultation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Consultation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consultation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preparation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Preparation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dilutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dilutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Dilutions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dilutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provings_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provings_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Provings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provings_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evidence_and_efficacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evidence_and_efficacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Evidence and efficacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Evidence_and_efficacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Evidence and efficacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Evidence_and_efficacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lack_of_scientific_evidence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lack_of_scientific_evidence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Lack of scientific evidence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lack_of_scientific_evidence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plausibility_of_dilutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plausibility_of_dilutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Plausibility of dilutions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plausibility_of_dilutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efficacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efficacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Efficacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efficacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purported_effects_in_other_biological_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purported_effects_in_other_biological_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Purported effects in other biological systems </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purported_effects_in_other_biological_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethics_and_safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethics_and_safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Ethics and safety </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethics_and_safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regulation_and_prevalence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regulation_and_prevalence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Regulation and prevalence </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regulation_and_prevalence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Regulation and prevalence subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Regulation_and_prevalence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Regulation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prevalence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prevalence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Prevalence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prevalence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veterinary_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veterinary_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Veterinary use </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veterinary_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Homeopathy</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 88 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" > 88 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopatie" title="Homeopatie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Homeopatie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="معالجة مثلية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معالجة مثلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%85%E2%80%99%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF" title="হোমিঅ’পেথি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="হোমিঅ’পেথি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopat%C3%ADa" title="Homeopatía – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Homeopatía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopatiya" title="Homeopatiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Homeopatiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF" title="হোমিওপ্যাথি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হোমিওপ্যাথি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Гамеапатыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гамеапатыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Гамэапатыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гамэапатыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хомеопатия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хомеопатия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopatija" title="Homeopatija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Homeopatija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopatia" title="Homeopatia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Homeopatia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Гомеопати – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гомеопати" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopatie" title="Homeopatie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Homeopatie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopathi" title="Homeopathi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Homeopathi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hom%C3%B8opati" title="Homøopati – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Homøopati" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hom%C3%B6opathie" title="Homöopathie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Homöopathie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hom%C3%B6opaatia" title="Homöopaatia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Homöopaatia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Ομοιοπαθητική – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ομοιοπαθητική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopat%C3%ADa" title="Homeopatía – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Homeopatía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopatio" title="Homeopatio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Homeopatio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopatia" title="Homeopatia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Homeopatia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="هومئوپاتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هومئوپاتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hom%C3%A9opathie" title="Homéopathie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Homéopathie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopaty" title="Homeopaty – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Homeopaty" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoim%C3%A9apaite" title="Hoiméapaite – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hoiméapaite" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopat%C3%ADa" title="Homeopatía – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Homeopatía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A5%E0%AB%80" title="હોમિયોપેથી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હોમિયોપેથી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80" title="होमिओपथी – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="होमिओपथी" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EC%A2%85%EC%9A%94%EB%B2%95" title="동종요법 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="동종요법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80" title="होम्योपैथी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="होम्योपैथी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopatija" title="Homeopatija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Homeopatija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopatio" title="Homeopatio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Homeopatio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopati" title="Homeopati – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Homeopati" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopathia" title="Homeopathia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Homeopathia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopatie" title="Homeopatie – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Homeopatie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sm%C3%A1skammtal%C3%A6kningar" title="Smáskammtalækningar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Smáskammtalækningar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omeopatia" title="Omeopatia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Omeopatia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%94" title="הומאופתיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הומאופתיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BF" title="ಹೋಮಿಯೋಪಥಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹೋಮಿಯೋಪಥಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ჰომეოპათია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰომეოპათია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гомеопатия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гомеопатия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoeopathia" title="Homoeopathia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Homoeopathia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeop%C4%81tija" title="Homeopātija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Homeopātija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopatija" title="Homeopatija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Homeopatija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omeopatia" title="Omeopatia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Omeopatia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeop%C3%A1tia" title="Homeopátia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Homeopátia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хомеопатија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хомеопатија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="ഹോമിയോപ്പതി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹോമിയോപ്പതി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80" title="होमिओपॅथी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="होमिओपॅथी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopati" title="Homeopati – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Homeopati" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopathie" title="Homeopathie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Homeopathie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="होमियोप्याथी चिकित्सा पद्धती – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="होमियोप्याथी चिकित्सा पद्धती" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%83%A1%E3%82%AA%E3%83%91%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC" title="ホメオパシー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ホメオパシー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hom%C3%B8opati" title="Homøopati – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Homøopati" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hom%C3%B8opati" title="Homøopati – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Homøopati" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omeopatia" title="Omeopatia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Omeopatia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gomeopatiya" title="Gomeopatiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gomeopatiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%80" title="ਹੋਮੀਓਪੈਥੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੋਮੀਓਪੈਥੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="ہومیوپیتھی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہومیوپیتھی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="هومیوپاتي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هومیوپاتي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopatia" title="Homeopatia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Homeopatia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopatia" title="Homeopatia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Homeopatia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopatie" title="Homeopatie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Homeopatie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гомеопатия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гомеопатия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="होमियोपति – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="होमियोपति" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Homeopathy" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92" title="හෝමියෝපති – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හෝමියෝපති" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Homeopathy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopatia" title="Homeopatia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Homeopatia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopatija" title="Homeopatija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Homeopatija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хомеопатија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хомеопатија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopatija" title="Homeopatija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Homeopatija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hom%C3%A9opati" title="Homéopati – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Homéopati" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopatia" title="Homeopatia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Homeopatia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopati" title="Homeopati – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Homeopati" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopatiya" title="Homeopatiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Homeopatiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="ஓமியோபதி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஓமியோபதி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="హోమియోపతీ వైద్య విధానం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హోమియోపతీ వైద్య విధానం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5" title="โฮมีโอพาธี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โฮมีโอพาธี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopati" title="Homeopati – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Homeopati" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Гомеопатія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гомеопатія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="ہومیوپیتھی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہومیوپیتھی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_c%C4%83n" title="Vi lượng đồng căn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vi lượng đồng căn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopatiya" title="Homeopatiya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Homeopatiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A1%BA%E5%8A%BF%E7%96%97%E6%B3%95" title="顺势疗法 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="顺势疗法" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A2" title="האמעאפאטיע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="האמעאפאטיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E5%8B%A2%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95" title="順勢療法 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="順勢療法" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A1%BA%E5%8A%BF%E7%96%97%E6%B3%95" title="顺势疗法 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="顺势疗法" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81058#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Homeopathy" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Homeopathy">Read</a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homeopathy&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e">View source</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homeopathy&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Homeopathy">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homeopathy&action=edit">View source</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homeopathy&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Homeopathy" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Homeopathy" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homeopathy&oldid=1260053306" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homeopathy&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Homeopathy&id=1260053306&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHomeopathy">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHomeopathy">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Homeopathy&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homeopathy&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Homeopathy" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Homeopathy" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81058" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pseudoscientific system of alternative medicine</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the journal, see <a href="/wiki/Homeopathy_(journal)" title="Homeopathy (journal)">Homeopathy (journal)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Homeopathy</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color: lightgrey; font-size:0.9em;">Homoeopathy</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Saxonia_Museum_fuer_saechsische_Vaterlandskunde_III_19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Samuel Hahnemann" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Saxonia_Museum_fuer_saechsische_Vaterlandskunde_III_19.jpg/250px-Saxonia_Museum_fuer_saechsische_Vaterlandskunde_III_19.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Saxonia_Museum_fuer_saechsische_Vaterlandskunde_III_19.jpg/375px-Saxonia_Museum_fuer_saechsische_Vaterlandskunde_III_19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Saxonia_Museum_fuer_saechsische_Vaterlandskunde_III_19.jpg/500px-Saxonia_Museum_fuer_saechsische_Vaterlandskunde_III_19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1917" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hahnemann" title="Samuel Hahnemann">Samuel Hahnemann</a>, originator of homeopathy</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌhoʊmiˈɒpəθi/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/9b\/En-uk-homeopathy.ogg\/En-uk-homeopathy.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-uk-homeopathy.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/En-uk-homeopathy.ogg/En-uk-homeopathy.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-uk-homeopathy.ogg" title="File:En-uk-homeopathy.ogg">ⓘ</a> </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Claims</th><td class="infobox-data">"Like cures like", dilution increases potency, disease caused by <a href="#Miasms_and_disease">miasms</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related fields</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original proponents</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hahnemann" title="Samuel Hahnemann">Samuel Hahnemann</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subsequent proponents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Tyler_Kent" title="James Tyler Kent">James Tyler Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_S._Copeland" title="Royal S. Copeland">Royal S. Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Vithoulkas" title="George Vithoulkas">George Vithoulkas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2011/MB_cgi?field=uid&term=D006705">D006705</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">See also</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Humorism" title="Humorism">Humorism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heroic_medicine" title="Heroic medicine">heroic medicine</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_medicine" title="Category:Alternative medicine">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline-body-aura.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline-body-aura.svg/60px-Outline-body-aura.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline-body-aura.svg/90px-Outline-body-aura.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline-body-aura.svg/120px-Outline-body-aura.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1200" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">General information</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alternative_medicine" title="History of alternative medicine">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_alternative_medicine" title="Terminology of alternative medicine">Terminology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_veterinary_medicine" title="Alternative veterinary medicine">Alternative veterinary medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">Quackery</a> (health fraud)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine#19th_century:_rise_of_modern_medicine" title="History of medicine">Rise of modern medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiscience" title="Antiscience">Antiscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skepticism" title="Skepticism">Skepticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">Scientific</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_nihilism" title="Therapeutic nihilism">Therapeutic nihilism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Fringe medicine and science</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acupressure" title="Acupressure">Acupressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acupuncture" title="Acupuncture">Acupuncture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_diet" title="Alkaline diet">Alkaline diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophic_medicine" title="Anthroposophic medicine">Anthroposophic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apitherapy" title="Apitherapy">Apitherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_kinesiology" title="Applied kinesiology">Applied kinesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatherapy" title="Aromatherapy">Aromatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Research_and_Enlightenment" title="Association for Research and Enlightenment">Association for Research and Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auriculotherapy" title="Auriculotherapy">Auriculotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bates_method" title="Bates method">Bates method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_terrain_assessment" title="Biological terrain assessment">Biological terrain assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_salve" title="Black salve">Black salve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodywork_(alternative_medicine)" title="Bodywork (alternative medicine)">Bodywork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_bone-setting" title="Traditional bone-setting">Bone-setting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_technique" title="Bowen technique">Bowen technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breathwork_(New_Age)" title="Breathwork (New Age)">Breathwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">Fake COVID-19 treatments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_urine" title="Camel urine">Camel urine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_cancer_treatments" title="Alternative cancer treatments">Cancer treatments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activated_charcoal_cleanse" title="Activated charcoal cleanse">Charcoal cleanse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiropractic" title="Chiropractic">Chiropractic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiropractic_treatment_techniques" title="Chiropractic treatment techniques">Chiropractic treatment techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_subluxation" title="Vertebral subluxation">Vertebral subluxation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science" title="Christian Science">Christian Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromotherapy" title="Chromotherapy">Chromotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colloidal_silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Colloidal silver">Colloidal silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colon_cleansing" title="Colon cleansing">Colon cleansing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_enema" title="Coffee enema">Coffee enema</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorpuncture" title="Colorpuncture">Colorpuncture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">Conversion therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craniosacral_therapy" title="Craniosacral therapy">Craniosacral therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_healing" title="Crystal healing">Crystal healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupping_therapy" title="Cupping therapy">Cupping therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dental_amalgam_controversy" title="Dental amalgam controversy">Dental amalgam controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detoxification_(alternative_medicine)" title="Detoxification (alternative medicine)">Detoxification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detoxification_foot_baths" title="Detoxification foot baths">Foot detox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_needling" title="Dry needling">Dry needling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_candling" title="Ear candling">Ear candling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_medicine" title="Energy medicine">Energy medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Correactology" title="Correactology">Correactology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_(esotericism)" title="Energy (esotericism)">Esoteric energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki">Reiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_touch" title="Therapeutic touch">Therapeutic touch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_dominance" title="Estrogen dominance">Estrogen dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabunan_Antiviral_Injection" title="Fabunan Antiviral Injection">Fabunan Antiviral Injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facilitated_communication" title="Facilitated communication">Facilitated communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FasciaBlaster" title="FasciaBlaster">FasciaBlaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feldenkrais_Method" title="Feldenkrais Method">Feldenkrais Method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_medicine" title="Functional medicine">Functional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_analysis_(alternative_medicine)" title="Hair analysis (alternative medicine)">Hair analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holistic_dentistry" title="Holistic dentistry">Holistic dentistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hologram_bracelet" title="Hologram bracelet">Hologram bracelet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Homeopathy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bach_flower_remedies" title="Bach flower remedies">Bach flower remedies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrotherapy" title="Hydrotherapy">Hydrotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnotherapy" title="Hypnotherapy">Hypnotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionized_jewelry" title="Ionized jewelry">Ionized jewelry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridology" title="Iridology">Iridology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilly_Juice" title="Jilly Juice">Jilly Juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lightning_Process" title="The Lightning Process">Lightning Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphotherapy" title="Lymphotherapy">Lymphotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_therapy" title="Magnet therapy">Magnet therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_therapy" title="Manual therapy">Manual therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_lymphatic_drainage" title="Manual lymphatic drainage">Manual lymphatic drainage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_intuitive" title="Medical intuitive">Medical intuitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megavitamin_therapy" title="Megavitamin therapy">Megavitamin therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_magnetism" title="Animal magnetism">Mesmerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind%E2%80%93body_interventions" title="Mind–body interventions">Mind–body interventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Mineral_Supplement" title="Miracle Mineral Supplement">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myofascial_release" title="Myofascial release">Myofascial release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nambudripad%27s_Allergy_Elimination_Techniques" title="Nambudripad's Allergy Elimination Techniques">NAET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturopathy" title="Naturopathy">Naturopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_pulling" title="Oil pulling">Oil pulling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgone" title="Orgone">Orgone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthomolecular_medicine" title="Orthomolecular medicine">Orthomolecular medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopathy" title="Orthopathy">Orthopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteomyology" title="Osteomyology">Osteomyology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteopathy" title="Osteopathy">Osteopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_therapy" title="Ozone therapy">Ozone therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrenology" title="Phrenology">Phrenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postural_Integration" title="Postural Integration">Postural Integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic_surgery" title="Psychic surgery">Psychic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychodermatology" title="Psychodermatology">Psychodermatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_healing" title="Quantum healing">Quantum healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radionics" title="Radionics">Radionics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_prompting_method" title="Rapid prompting method">Rapid prompting method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflexology" title="Reflexology">Reflexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichian_body-oriented_psychotherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichian body-oriented psychotherapy">RBOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolfing" title="Rolfing">Rolfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThetaHealing" title="ThetaHealing">ThetaHealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomsonianism" title="Thomsonianism">Thomsonianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thought_Field_Therapy" title="Thought Field Therapy">Thought Field Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urophagia" title="Urophagia">Urophagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_steaming" title="Vaginal steaming">Vaginal steaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetotherapy" title="Vegetotherapy">Vegetotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_therapy" title="Vision therapy">Vision therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitalism" title="Vitalism">Vitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_blood_transfusion" title="Young blood transfusion">Young blood transfusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_balancing" title="Zero balancing">Zero balancing</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Controversies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Pharma_conspiracy_theories" title="Big Pharma conspiracy theories">Big Pharma conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_denialism" title="HIV/AIDS denialism">HIV/AIDS denialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oral_polio_vaccine_AIDS_hypothesis" title="Oral polio vaccine AIDS hypothesis">OPV AIDS hypothesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism" title="Anti-vaccine activism">Anti-vaccinationism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_misinformation" title="Vaccine misinformation">Vaccine misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccines_and_autism" title="Vaccines and autism">Vaccines and autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMR_vaccine_and_autism" title="MMR vaccine and autism">MMR vaccine and autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccinationism_in_chiropractic" title="Anti-vaccinationism in chiropractic">in chiropractic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_fluoridation_controversy" title="Water fluoridation controversy">Water fluoridation controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turbo_cancer" title="Turbo cancer">Turbo cancer</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine#NCCIH_classification" title="Alternative medicine">Classifications</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_medical_systems" title="Category:Alternative medical systems">Alternative medical systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mind%E2%80%93body_interventions" title="Category:Mind–body interventions">Mind–body intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biologically_based_therapies" title="Category:Biologically based therapies">Biologically based therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Manual_therapy" title="Category:Manual therapy">Manipulative methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Energy_therapies" title="Category:Energy therapies">Energy therapy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_medicine" title="Traditional African medicine">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muti" title="Muti">Muti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_healers_of_Southern_Africa" title="Traditional healers of Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dosha" title="Dosha">Dosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Vedic_Approach_to_Health" title="Maharishi Vedic Approach to Health">MVAH</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balneotherapy" title="Balneotherapy">Balneotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_traditional_medicine" title="Brazilian traditional medicine">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_medicine" title="Bush medicine">Bush medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Cambodian_medicine" title="Traditional Cambodian medicine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_stasis" title="Blood stasis">Blood stasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_herbology" title="Chinese herbology">Chinese herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dit_da" title="Dit da">Dit da</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gua_sha" title="Gua sha">Gua sha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_plate_trade" title="Gill plate trade">Gill plate trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_gu" title="Long gu">Long gu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_(Chinese_medicine)" title="Meridian (Chinese medicine)">Meridian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxibustion" title="Moxibustion">Moxibustion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_point" title="Pressure point">Pressure point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi" title="Qi">Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jiao" title="San Jiao">San Jiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tui_na" title="Tui na">Tui na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zang-fu" class="mw-redirect" title="Zang-fu">Zang-fu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_traditional_medicine" title="Chumash traditional medicine">Chumash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curandero" title="Curandero">Curandero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_healing" title="Faith healing">Faith healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_medicine" title="Herbal medicine">Herbal medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilot" title="Hilot">Hilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_traditional_medicine" title="Iranian traditional medicine">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamu" title="Jamu">Jamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayakalpa" title="Kayakalpa">Kayakalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambo_cleanse" class="mw-redirect" title="Kambo cleanse">Kambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampo" title="Kampo">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Korean_medicine" title="Traditional Korean medicine">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_medicine" title="Maya medicine">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mien_Shiang" title="Mien Shiang">Mien Shiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Mongolian_medicine" title="Traditional Mongolian medicine">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftalan_oil" title="Naftalan oil">Naftalan oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_medicine" title="Prophetic medicine">Prophetic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiatsu" title="Shiatsu">Shiatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha_medicine" title="Siddha medicine">Siddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_traditional_medicine" title="Sri Lankan traditional medicine">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_massage" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai massage">Thai massage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Tibetan_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Tibetan medicine">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unani_medicine" title="Unani medicine">Unani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_medicine" title="Traditional Vietnamese medicine">Vietnamese</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Alternative diagnoses</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrenal_fatigue" title="Adrenal fatigue">Adrenal fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerotoxic_syndrome" title="Aerotoxic syndrome">Aerotoxic syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candida_hypersensitivity" title="Candida hypersensitivity">Candida hypersensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_Lyme_disease" title="Chronic Lyme disease">Chronic Lyme disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_hypersensitivity" title="Electromagnetic hypersensitivity">Electromagnetic hypersensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_legs" title="Heavy legs">Heavy legs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaky_gut_syndrome" title="Leaky gut syndrome">Leaky gut syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_chemical_sensitivity" title="Multiple chemical sensitivity">Multiple chemical sensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PANDAS" title="PANDAS">PANDAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_subluxation" title="Vertebral subluxation">Vertebral subluxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson%27s_temperature_syndrome" title="Wilson's temperature syndrome">Wilson's temperature syndrome</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alternative_medicine_sidebar" title="Template:Alternative medicine sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alternative_medicine_sidebar" title="Template talk:Alternative medicine sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alternative_medicine_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alternative medicine sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Homeopathy or homoeopathy is a <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscientific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoscientific">pseudoscientific</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> system of <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">alternative medicine</a>. It was conceived in 1796 by the German physician <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hahnemann" title="Samuel Hahnemann">Samuel Hahnemann</a>. Its practitioners, called homeopaths or homeopathic physicians,<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> believe that a substance that causes symptoms of a disease in healthy people can cure similar symptoms in sick people; this doctrine is called <a href="/wiki/Similia_similibus_curentur" class="mw-redirect" title="Similia similibus curentur">similia similibus curentur</a>, or "like cures like".<a href="#cite_note-Hahnemann-3">[3]</a> Homeopathic preparations are termed remedies and are made using <a href="/wiki/Homeopathic_dilution" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeopathic dilution">homeopathic dilution</a>. In this process, the selected substance is repeatedly diluted until the final product is chemically indistinguishable from the <a href="/wiki/Diluent" title="Diluent">diluent</a>. Often not even a single molecule of the original substance can be expected to remain in the product.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Between each dilution homeopaths may hit and/or shake the product, claiming this makes the diluent "remember" the original substance after its removal. Practitioners claim that such preparations, upon oral intake, can treat or cure disease.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> All relevant scientific knowledge about physics, chemistry, biochemistry and biology contradicts homeopathy.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Homeopathic remedies are typically <a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">biochemically</a> inert, and have no effect on any known disease.<a href="#cite_note-shang-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid124926032-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-inquiry_4504-9">[9]</a> Its theory of disease, centered around principles Hahnemann termed <a href="#Miasms_and_disease">miasms</a>, is inconsistent with subsequent identification of viruses and bacteria as <a href="/wiki/Germ_theory_of_disease" title="Germ theory of disease">causes of disease</a>. Clinical trials have been conducted and generally demonstrated no objective effect from homeopathic preparations.<a href="#cite_note-Caulfield20053-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-sbm-fun-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shelton-12">[12]</a>: 206 <a href="#cite_note-Ernst20102-13">[13]</a> The fundamental <a href="/wiki/Evidence_and_efficacy_of_homeopathy" title="Evidence and efficacy of homeopathy">implausibility of homeopathy as well as a lack of demonstrable effectiveness</a> has led to it being characterized within the scientific and medical communities as <a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">quackery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fraud" title="Fraud">fraud</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Baran2014-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Walport-Nonsense-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-oxcompus-16">[16]</a> Homeopathy achieved its greatest popularity in the 19th century. It was introduced to the United States in 1825, and the first American homeopathic school opened in 1835. Throughout the 19th century, dozens of homeopathic institutions appeared in Europe and the United States. During this period, homeopathy was able to appear relatively successful, as other forms of treatment could be harmful and ineffective. By the end of the century the practice began to wane, with the last exclusively homeopathic medical school in the United States closing in 1920. During the 1970s, homeopathy made a significant comeback, with sales of some homeopathic products increasing tenfold. The trend corresponded with the rise of the <a href="/wiki/New_Age_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="New Age movement">New Age movement</a>, and may be in part due to <a href="/wiki/Chemophobia" title="Chemophobia">chemophobia</a>, an irrational aversion to synthetic chemicals, and the longer consultation times homeopathic practitioners provided. In the 21st century, a series of <a href="/wiki/Meta-analysis" title="Meta-analysis">meta-analyses</a> have shown that the therapeutic claims of homeopathy lack scientific justification. As a result, national and international bodies have recommended the withdrawal of government funding for homeopathy in healthcare. National bodies from Australia, the United Kingdom, Switzerland and France, as well as the <a href="/wiki/European_Academies%27_Science_Advisory_Council" title="European Academies' Science Advisory Council">European Academies' Science Advisory Council</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Russian Academy of Sciences</a> have all concluded that homeopathy is ineffective, and recommended against the practice receiving any further funding.<a href="#cite_note-Conversation-NHMRC-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> The <a href="/wiki/NHS_England" title="NHS England">National Health Service in England</a> no longer provides funding for homeopathic remedies and asked the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_and_Social_Care" title="Department of Health and Social Care">Department of Health</a> to add homeopathic remedies to the list of forbidden prescription items.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-TNHS-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc-blacklist-23">[23]</a> France removed funding in 2021,<a href="#cite_note-GuardianFrance-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-FranceEndFunding2021-25">[25]</a> while Spain has also announced moves to ban homeopathy and other pseudotherapies from health centers.<a href="#cite_note-El_Pais_2019-07-30-26">[26]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> Homeopathy was created in 1796 by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hahnemann" title="Samuel Hahnemann">Samuel Hahnemann</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Hahnemann rejected the mainstream medicine of the late 18th century as irrational and inadvisable, because it was largely ineffective and often harmful.<a href="#cite_note-Lasagna-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-isbn0-393-06661-4-29">[29]</a> He advocated the use of single drugs at lower doses and promoted an immaterial, <a href="/wiki/Vitalism" title="Vitalism">vitalistic</a> view of how living organisms function.<a href="#cite_note-Pray2003-30">[30]</a> The term homeopathy was coined by Hahnemann and first appeared in print in 1807.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> He also coined the expression "<a href="/wiki/Allopathic_medicine" title="Allopathic medicine">allopathic medicine</a>", which was used to pejoratively refer to traditional Western medicine.<a href="#cite_note-Whorton2004-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concept">Concept</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_Hahnemann_Monument,_Scott_Circle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Samuel_Hahnemann_Monument%2C_Scott_Circle.jpg/220px-Samuel_Hahnemann_Monument%2C_Scott_Circle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Samuel_Hahnemann_Monument%2C_Scott_Circle.jpg/330px-Samuel_Hahnemann_Monument%2C_Scott_Circle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Samuel_Hahnemann_Monument%2C_Scott_Circle.jpg/440px-Samuel_Hahnemann_Monument%2C_Scott_Circle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2227" data-file-height="3205" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hahnemann_Monument" title="Samuel Hahnemann Monument">Samuel Hahnemann Monument</a>, Washington, D.C., with the inscription Similia Similibus Curentur – "Like cures Like"</figcaption></figure> Hahnemann conceived of homeopathy while translating a medical treatise by the Scottish physician and chemist <a href="/wiki/William_Cullen" title="William Cullen">William Cullen</a> into German. Being sceptical of Cullen's theory that <a href="/wiki/Cinchona" title="Cinchona">cinchona</a> cured <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> because it was bitter, Hahnemann ingested some bark specifically to investigate what would happen. He experienced fever, shivering and <a href="/wiki/Arthralgia" title="Arthralgia">joint pain</a>: symptoms similar to those of malaria itself. From this, Hahnemann came to believe that all effective drugs produce symptoms in healthy individuals similar to those of the diseases that they treat.<a href="#cite_note-UllmanReichenberg-Ullman1994-33">[33]</a> This led to the name "homeopathy", which comes from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: ὅμοιος hómoios, "-like" and πάθος páthos, "suffering".<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The doctrine that those drugs are effective which produce symptoms similar to the symptoms caused by the diseases they treat, called "the law of similars", was expressed by Hahnemann with the Latin phrase <a href="/wiki/Similia_similibus_curentur" class="mw-redirect" title="Similia similibus curentur">similia similibus curentur</a>, or "like cures like".<a href="#cite_note-Hahnemann-3">[3]</a> Hahnemann's law of similars is unproven and does not derive from the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">scientific method</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kirk-35">[35]</a> An account of the effects of eating cinchona bark noted by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes</a>, published in 1861, failed to reproduce the symptoms Hahnemann reported.<a href="#cite_note-Holmes-36">[36]</a>: 128  Subsequent scientific work showed that cinchona cures malaria because it contains <a href="/wiki/Quinine" title="Quinine">quinine</a>, which kills the <a href="/wiki/Plasmodium_falciparum" title="Plasmodium falciparum">Plasmodium falciparum</a> parasite that causes the disease; the mechanism of action is unrelated to Hahnemann's ideas.<a href="#cite_note-Atwood-BTTF1-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Provings">Provings</h4></div> Hahnemann began to test what effects various substances may produce in humans, a procedure later called "homeopathic proving". These tests required subjects to test the effects of ingesting substances by recording all their symptoms as well as the ancillary conditions under which they appeared.<a href="#cite_note-Haehl1922-38">[38]</a> He published a collection of provings in 1805, and a second collection of 65 preparations appeared in his book, Materia Medica Pura (1810).<a href="#cite_note-Kirschmann2004-39">[39]</a> As Hahnemann believed that large doses of drugs that caused similar symptoms would only aggravate illness, he advocated for extreme dilutions. A technique was devised for making dilutions that Hahnemann claimed would preserve the substance's therapeutic properties while removing its harmful effects.<a href="#cite_note-Dynamization_and_Dilution-40">[40]</a> Hahnemann believed that this process enhanced "the spirit-like medicinal powers of the crude substances".<a href="#cite_note-Organon_5th_269-41">[41]</a> He gathered and published an overview of his new medical system in his book, <a href="/wiki/The_Organon_of_the_Healing_Art" title="The Organon of the Healing Art">The Organon of the Healing Art</a> (1810), with a sixth edition published in 1921 that homeopaths still use today.<a href="#cite_note-homhist1-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Miasms_and_disease">Miasms and disease</h4></div> In the Organon, Hahnemann introduced the concept of "miasms" as the "infectious principles" underlying chronic disease<a href="#cite_note-ClarkeClarke2001-43">[43]</a> and as "peculiar morbid derangement[s] of vital force".<a href="#cite_note-Grimes2012-44">[44]</a> Hahnemann associated each miasm with specific diseases, and thought that initial exposure to miasms causes local symptoms, such as skin or venereal diseases. His assertion was that if these symptoms were suppressed by medication, the cause went deeper and began to manifest itself as diseases of the internal organs.<a href="#cite_note-miasms-45">[45]</a> Homeopathy maintains that treating diseases by directly <a href="/wiki/Symptomatic_treatment" title="Symptomatic treatment">alleviating their symptoms</a>, as is sometimes done in conventional medicine, is ineffective because all "disease can generally be traced to some latent, deep-seated, underlying chronic, or inherited tendency".<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The underlying imputed miasm still remains, and deep-seated ailments can be corrected only by removing the deeper disturbance of the vital force.<a href="#cite_note-homphilo-47">[47]</a> Hahnemann's <a href="/wiki/Hypotheses" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypotheses">hypotheses</a> for miasms originally presented only three local symptoms: psora (the itch), <a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</a> (venereal disease) or <a href="/wiki/Sycosis" title="Sycosis">sycosis</a> (fig-wart disease).<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Of these the most important was psora, described as being related to any itching diseases of the skin and was claimed to be the foundation of many further disease conditions. Hahnemann believed it to be the cause of such diseases as <a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">epilepsy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaundice" title="Jaundice">jaundice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deafness" title="Deafness">deafness</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cataracts" class="mw-redirect" title="Cataracts">cataracts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hahnemann_Chronic-49">[49]</a> Since Hahnemann's time, other miasms have been proposed, some replacing illnesses previously attributed to the psora, including <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> miasms.<a href="#cite_note-miasms-45">[45]</a> Hahnemann's miasm theory remains disputed and controversial within homeopathy even in modern times. The theory of miasms has been criticized as an explanation developed to preserve the system of homeopathy in the face of treatment failures, and for being inadequate to cover the many hundreds of sorts of diseases, as well as for failing to explain disease predispositions, as well as <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a>, environmental factors, and the unique disease history of each patient.<a href="#cite_note-Shelton-12">[12]</a>: 148–9  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century:_rise_to_popularity_and_early_criticism">19th century: rise to popularity and early criticism</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beydeman_Gomeopatiya_vzir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Beydeman_Gomeopatiya_vzir.jpg/220px-Beydeman_Gomeopatiya_vzir.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Beydeman_Gomeopatiya_vzir.jpg/330px-Beydeman_Gomeopatiya_vzir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Beydeman_Gomeopatiya_vzir.jpg/440px-Beydeman_Gomeopatiya_vzir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1535" data-file-height="1266" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Homeopathy_Looks_at_the_Horrors_of_Allopathy" title="Homeopathy Looks at the Horrors of Allopathy">Homeopathy Looks at the Horrors of Allopathy</a>, an 1857 painting by Alexander Beydeman, showing historical figures and personifications of homeopathy observing the <a href="/wiki/Heroic_medicine" title="Heroic medicine">brutality of medicine</a> of the 19th century</figcaption></figure>Homeopathy achieved its greatest popularity in the 19th century. It was introduced to the United States in 1825 by Hans Birch Gram, a student of Hahnemann.<a href="#cite_note-Miller-50">[50]</a> The first homeopathic school in the United States opened in 1835 and the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Homeopathy" title="American Institute of Homeopathy">American Institute of Homeopathy</a> was established in 1844. Throughout the 19th century, dozens of homeopathic institutions appeared in Europe and the United States,<a href="#cite_note-Julian-51">[51]</a> and by 1900, there were 22 homeopathic colleges and 15,000 practitioners in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Time19951125-52">[52]</a> Because medical practice of the time relied on treatments which were often ineffective and harmful, patients of homeopaths often had better outcomes than those being treated by medical practitioners.<a href="#cite_note-pmid8885813-53">[53]</a> Though ineffective, homeopathic preparations are rarely detrimental, thus users are less likely to be harmed by the treatment that is supposed to be helping them.<a href="#cite_note-homhist1-42">[42]</a> The relative success of homeopathy in the 19th century may have led to the abandonment of the ineffective and harmful treatments of <a href="/wiki/Bloodletting" title="Bloodletting">bloodletting</a> and purging and begun the move towards more effective, <a href="/wiki/Science-based_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Science-based medicine">science-based medicine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kaufmanm-54">[54]</a> One reason for the growing popularity of homeopathy was its apparent success in treating people suffering from infectious disease epidemics.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> During 19th-century epidemics of diseases such as <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a>, death rates in homeopathic hospitals were often lower than in conventional hospitals, where the treatments used at the time were often harmful and did little or nothing to combat the diseases.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Even during its rise in popularity, homeopathy was criticized by scientists and physicians. <a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_(physician)" title="John Forbes (physician)">Sir John Forbes</a>, physician to <a href="/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria of the United Kingdom">Queen Victoria</a>, said in 1843 that the extremely small doses of homeopathy were regularly derided as useless and considered it "an outrage to human reason".<a href="#cite_note-John_Forbes-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Young_Simpson" title="James Young Simpson">James Young Simpson</a> said in 1853 of the highly diluted drugs: "No poison, however strong or powerful, the billionth or decillionth of which would in the least degree affect a man or harm a fly."<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Nineteenth-century American physician and author <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes</a> was also a vocal critic of homeopathy and published an essay entitled <a href="/wiki/Hom%C5%93opathy_and_Its_Kindred_Delusions" class="mw-redirect" title="Homœopathy and Its Kindred Delusions">Homœopathy and Its Kindred Delusions</a> (1842).<a href="#cite_note-Holmes-36">[36]</a> The members of the French Homeopathic Society observed in 1867 that some leading homeopaths of Europe not only were abandoning the practice of administering infinitesimal doses but were also no longer defending it.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The last school in the United States exclusively teaching homeopathy closed in 1920.<a href="#cite_note-homhist1-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revival_in_the_20th_century">Revival in the 20th century</h3></div> According to academics <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_U._Unschuld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul U. Unschuld (page does not exist)">Paul U. Unschuld</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_U._Unschuld" class="extiw" title="de:Paul U. Unschuld">de</a>] and <a href="/wiki/Edzard_Ernst" title="Edzard Ernst">Edzard Ernst</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> regime in Germany was fond of homeopathy, and spent large sums of money on researching its mechanisms, but without gaining a positive result.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Unschuld also states that homeopathy never subsequently took root in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, but remained more deeply established in European thinking.<a href="#cite_note-Unschuld2009-61">[61]</a> In the United States, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Food,_Drug,_and_Cosmetic_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act">Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</a> of 1938 (sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Royal_S._Copeland" title="Royal S. Copeland">Royal Copeland</a>, a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> and homeopathic physician) recognized homeopathic preparations as drugs. In the 1950s, there were only 75 solely homeopathic practitioners in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> By the mid to late 1970s, homeopathy made a significant comeback and the sales of some homeopathic companies increased tenfold.<a href="#cite_note-rader-63">[63]</a> Some homeopaths credit the revival to Greek homeopath <a href="/wiki/George_Vithoulkas" title="George Vithoulkas">George Vithoulkas</a>, who conducted a "great deal of research to update the scenarios and refine the theories and practice of homeopathy" in the 1970s,<a href="#cite_note-pmid12614092-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> but Ernst and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Singh" title="Simon Singh">Simon Singh</a> consider it to be linked to the rise of the <a href="/wiki/New_Age_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="New Age movement">New Age movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-isbn0-393-06661-4-29">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Hood_(psychologist)" title="Bruce Hood (psychologist)">Bruce Hood</a> has argued that the increased popularity of homeopathy in recent times may be due to the comparatively long consultations practitioners are willing to give their patients, and to a <a href="/wiki/Appeal_to_nature" title="Appeal to nature">preference for "natural" products</a>, which people think are the basis of homeopathic preparations.<a href="#cite_note-Hood2009-66">[66]</a> Towards the end of the century opposition to homeopathy began to increase again; with <a href="/wiki/William_T._Jarvis" title="William T. Jarvis">William T. Jarvis</a>, the President of the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_Against_Health_Fraud" title="National Council Against Health Fraud">National Council Against Health Fraud</a>, saying that "Homeopathy is a fraud perpetrated on the public with the government's blessing, thanks to the abuse of political power of Sen. Royal S. Copeland."<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century:_renewed_criticism">21st century: renewed criticism</h3></div> Since the beginning of the 21st century, a series of <a href="/wiki/Meta-analysis" title="Meta-analysis">meta-analyses</a> have further shown that the therapeutic claims of homeopathy lack scientific justification.<a href="#cite_note-champe-68">[68]</a> This had led to a decrease or suspension of funding by many governments. In a 2010 report, the <a href="/wiki/Science_and_Technology_Select_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Science and Technology Select Committee">Science and Technology Committee of the United Kingdom House of Commons</a> recommended that homeopathy should no longer receive <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a> (NHS) funding due its lack of scientific credibility;<a href="#cite_note-champe-68">[68]</a> NHS funding for homeopathy ceased in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-TNHS-22">[22]</a> They also asked the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_and_Social_Care" title="Department of Health and Social Care">Department of Health</a> in the UK to add homeopathic remedies to the list of forbidden prescription items.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-blacklist-23">[23]</a> In 2015, the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_and_Medical_Research_Council" title="National Health and Medical Research Council">National Health and Medical Research Council</a> of Australia found that "there are no health conditions for which there is reliable evidence that homeopathy is effective".<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The federal government only ended up accepting three of the 45 recommendations made by the 2018 review of Pharmacy Remuneration and Regulation.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> The same year the US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) held a hearing requesting public comment on the regulation of homeopathic drugs.<a href="#cite_note-Science42115-71">[71]</a> In 2017 the FDA announced it would strengthen regulation of homeopathic products.<a href="#cite_note-Frazier_FDA_to_Reg-72">[72]</a> The American non-profit <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Inquiry" title="Center for Inquiry">Center for Inquiry</a> (CFI) filed a lawsuit in 2018 against the <a href="/wiki/CVS_Pharmacy" title="CVS Pharmacy">CVS</a> pharmacy for consumer fraud over its sale of homeopathic medicines.<a href="#cite_note-CVS-73">[73]</a> It claimed that CVS was selling homeopathic products on an easier-to-obtain basis than standard medication.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> In 2019, CFI brought a similar lawsuit against <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a> for "committing wide-scale consumer fraud and endangering the health of its customers through its sale and marketing of homeopathic medicines".<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> They also conducted a survey in which they found consumers felt ripped off when informed of the lack of evidence for the efficacy of homeopathic remedies, such as those sold by Walmart and CVS.<a href="#cite_note-CFISurvey_SI_2019-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-CFI_2019_Survey-78">[78]</a> In 2021, the French healthcare minister phased out social security reimbursements for homeopathic drugs.<a href="#cite_note-GuardianFrance-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-FranceEndFunding2021-25">[25]</a> France has long had a stronger belief in the virtues of homeopathic drugs than many other countries and the world's biggest manufacturer of alternative medicine drugs, <a href="/wiki/Boiron" title="Boiron">Boiron</a>, is located in that country.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Spain has also announced moves to ban homeopathy and other pseudotherapies.<a href="#cite_note-El_Pais_2019-07-30-26">[26]</a> In 2016, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Barcelona" title="University of Barcelona">University of Barcelona</a> cancelled its master's degree in Homeopathy citing "lack of scientific basis", after advice from the Spanish Ministry of Health.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Shortly afterwards the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Valencia" title="University of Valencia">University of Valencia</a> announced the elimination of its Masters in Homeopathy.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparations_and_treatment">Preparations and treatment</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_homeopathic_preparations" title="List of homeopathic preparations">List of homeopathic preparations</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rep1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Rep1.JPG/220px-Rep1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Rep1.JPG/330px-Rep1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Rep1.JPG/440px-Rep1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="1120" /></a><figcaption>Homeopathic repertory by <a href="/wiki/James_Tyler_Kent" title="James Tyler Kent">James Tyler Kent</a></figcaption></figure> Homeopathic preparations are referred to as "homeopathic remedies".<a href="#cite_note-Consumer_Reports-82">[82]</a> Practitioners rely on two types of reference when prescribing: <a href="/wiki/Materia_medica" title="Materia medica">Materia medica</a> and repertories. A homeopathic materia medica is a collection of "drug pictures", organized alphabetically. A homeopathic repertory is a quick reference version of the materia medica that indexes the symptoms and then the associated remedies for each. In both cases different compilers may dispute particular inclusions in the references.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> The first symptomatic homeopathic materia medica was arranged by Hahnemann. The first homeopathic repertory was Georg Jahr's Symptomenkodex, published in German in 1835, and translated into English as the Repertory to the more Characteristic Symptoms of Materia Medica in 1838. This version was less focused on disease categories and was the forerunner to later works by <a href="/wiki/James_Tyler_Kent" title="James Tyler Kent">James Tyler Kent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid16322800-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> There are over 118 repertories published in English, with Kent's being one of the most used.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consultation">Consultation</h3></div> Homeopaths generally begin with a consultation, which can be a 10–15 minute appointment or last for over an hour, where the patient describes their <a href="/wiki/Medical_history" title="Medical history">medical history</a>. The patient describes the "modalities", or if their symptoms change depending on the weather and other external factors.<a href="#cite_note-Vickers_1115–11182-87">[87]</a> The practitioner also solicits information on mood, likes and dislikes, physical, mental and emotional states, life circumstances, and any physical or emotional illnesses.<a href="#cite_note-Stehlin-88">[88]</a> This information (also called the "symptom picture") is matched to the "drug picture" in the materia medica or repertory and used to determine the appropriate homeopathic remedies. In classical homeopathy, the practitioner attempts to match a single preparation to the totality of symptoms (the simlilum), while "clinical homeopathy" involves combinations of preparations based on the illness's symptoms.<a href="#cite_note-pmid12614092-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preparation">Preparation</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambalaj_Oscillococcinum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambalaj_Oscillococcinum.jpg/170px-Ambalaj_Oscillococcinum.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambalaj_Oscillococcinum.jpg/255px-Ambalaj_Oscillococcinum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambalaj_Oscillococcinum.jpg/340px-Ambalaj_Oscillococcinum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oscillococcinum" title="Oscillococcinum">Oscillococcinum</a>, a homeopathic remedy in pill form</figcaption></figure>Homeopathy uses animal, plant, mineral, and synthetic substances in its preparations, generally referring to them using <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> names.<a href="#cite_note-WHO_Safety-89">[89]</a> Examples include <a href="/wiki/Arsenicum_album" title="Arsenicum album">arsenicum album</a> (arsenic oxide), natrum muriaticum (<a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">sodium chloride</a> or table salt), <a href="/wiki/Lachesis_muta" title="Lachesis muta">Lachesis muta</a> (the venom of the <a href="/wiki/Lachesis_(genus)" title="Lachesis (genus)">bushmaster snake</a>), <a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opium</a>, and thyroidinum (<a href="/wiki/Thyroid_hormone" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyroid hormone">thyroid hormone</a>). Homeopaths say this is to ensure accuracy.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In the USA the common name must be displayed, although the Latin one can also be present.<a href="#cite_note-WHO_Safety-89">[89]</a> Homeopathic pills are made from an inert substance (often sugars, typically lactose), upon which a drop of liquid homeopathic preparation is placed and allowed to evaporate.<a href="#cite_note-Ernst2005-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Isopathy is a therapy derived from homeopathy in which the preparations come from diseased or pathological products such as fecal, urinary and respiratory discharges, blood, and tissue.<a href="#cite_note-pmid16322800-84">[84]</a> They are called nosodes (from the Greek nosos, disease) with preparations made from "healthy" specimens being termed "sarcodes". Many so-called "homeopathic vaccines" are a form of isopathy.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Tautopathy is a form of isopathy where the preparations are composed of drugs or <a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">vaccines</a> that a person has consumed in the past, in the belief that this can reverse the supposed lingering damage caused by the initial use.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> There is no convincing scientific evidence for isopathy as an effective method of treatment.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Some modern homeopaths use preparations they call "imponderables" because they do not originate from a substance but some other phenomenon presumed to have been "captured" by alcohol or <a href="/wiki/Lactose" title="Lactose">lactose</a>. Examples include <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-rays</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sunlight" title="Sunlight">sunlight</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Another derivative is <a href="/wiki/Electrohomeopathy" title="Electrohomeopathy">electrohomeopathy</a>, where an electric bio-energy of therapeutic value is supposedly extracted from plants. Popular in the late nineteenth century, electrohomeopathy is extremely pseudo-scientific.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> In 2012, the Allahabad High Court in Uttar Pradesh, India, handed down a decree stating that electrohomeopathy was quackery and no longer recognized it as a system of medicine.<a href="#cite_note-toie-99">[99]</a> Other minority practices include paper preparations, in which the terms for substances and dilutions are written on pieces of paper and either pinned to the patients' clothing, put in their pockets, or placed under glasses of water that are then given to the patients. <a href="/wiki/Radionics" title="Radionics">Radionics</a>, the use of <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation" title="Electromagnetic radiation">electromagnetic radiation</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">radio waves</a>, can also be used to manufacture preparations. Such practices have been strongly criticized by classical homeopaths as unfounded, speculative, and verging upon magic and superstition.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barwell-101">[101]</a> Flower preparations are produced by placing flowers in water and exposing them to sunlight. The most famous of these are the <a href="/wiki/Bach_flower_remedies" title="Bach flower remedies">Bach flower remedies</a>, which were developed by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bach" title="Edward Bach">Edward Bach</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dilutions">Dilutions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Homeopathic_dilutions" title="Homeopathic dilutions">Homeopathic dilutions</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arnica_montana_hom%C3%A9opathie_zoom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Arnica_montana_hom%C3%A9opathie_zoom.jpg/220px-Arnica_montana_hom%C3%A9opathie_zoom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="423" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Arnica_montana_hom%C3%A9opathie_zoom.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption>This bottle is labelled <a href="/wiki/Arnica_montana" title="Arnica montana">Arnica montana</a> (wolf's bane) D6, i.e. the nominal dilution is one <a href="/wiki/Parts_per_million" class="mw-redirect" title="Parts per million">part in a million</a> (10-6).</figcaption></figure>Hahnemann claimed that undiluted doses caused reactions, sometimes dangerous ones, and thus that preparations be given at the lowest possible dose.<a href="#cite_note-Kayne_53-103">[103]</a> A solution that is more dilute is described as having a higher "potency", and thus are claimed to be stronger and deeper-acting.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> The general method of dilution is <a href="/wiki/Serial_dilution" title="Serial dilution">serial dilution</a>, where solvent is added to part of the previous mixture, but the "Korsakovian" method may also be used. In the Korsakovian method, the vessel in which the preparations are manufactured is emptied, refilled with solvent, with the volume of fluid adhering to the walls of the vessel deemed sufficient for the new batch.<a href="#cite_note-Shelton-12">[12]</a>: 270  The Korsakovian method is sometimes referred to as K on the label of a homeopathic preparation.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Another method is Fluxion, which dilutes the substance by continuously passing water through the vial.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Insoluble solids, such as <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">diamond</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">platinum</a>, are diluted by grinding them with lactose ("<a href="/wiki/Trituration" title="Trituration">trituration</a>").<a href="#cite_note-Shelton-12">[12]</a>: 23  Three main <a href="/wiki/Logarithmic_scale" title="Logarithmic scale">logarithmic</a> dilution scales are in regular use in homeopathy. Hahnemann created the "centesimal" or "C scale", diluting a substance by a factor of 100 at each stage. There is also a decimal dilution scale (notated as "X" or "D") in which the preparation is diluted by a factor of 10 at each stage.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> The centesimal scale was favoured by Hahnemann for most of his life, although in his last ten years Hahnemann developed a quintamillesimal (Q) scale which diluted the drug 1 part in 50,000.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> A 2C dilution works out to one part of the original substance in 10,000 parts of the solution. In standard chemistry, this produces a substance with a concentration of 0.01% (<a href="/wiki/Concentration#Volume-volume_percentage" title="Concentration">volume-volume percentage</a>). A 6C dilution ends up with the original substance diluted by a factor of 100−6 (one part in one trillion). The end product is usually so diluted as to be indistinguishable from the diluent (pure water, sugar or alcohol).<a href="#cite_note-Dynamization_and_Dilution-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-homsim-110">[110]</a> The greatest dilution reasonably likely to contain at least one molecule of the original substance is approximately 12C.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Hahnemann advocated dilutions of 1 part to 1060 or 30C.<a href="#cite_note-Organon_6th_128-112">[112]</a> Hahnemann regularly used dilutions of up to 30C but opined that "there must be a limit to the matter".<a href="#cite_note-Haehl1922-38">[38]</a>: 322  To counter the reduced potency at high dilutions he formed the view that vigorous shaking by striking on an elastic surface – a process termed succussion – was necessary.<a href="#cite_note-Kayne_53-103">[103]</a> Homeopaths are unable to agree on the number and force of strikes needed, and there is no way that the claimed results of succussion can be tested.<a href="#cite_note-Shelton-12">[12]</a>: 67–69  Critics of homeopathy commonly emphasize the dilutions involved in homeopathy, using analogies.<a href="#cite_note-Appendix2-113">[113]</a> One mathematically correct example is that a 12C solution is equivalent to "a pinch of salt in both the North and South Atlantic Oceans".<a href="#cite_note-Bambridge-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-Andrews-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> One-third of a <a href="/wiki/Drop_(volume)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drop (volume)">drop</a> of some original substance diluted into all the water on Earth would produce a preparation with a concentration of about 13C.<a href="#cite_note-Appendix2-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Park" title="Robert L. Park">Robert L. Park</a> points out that a 200C dilution of duck liver, marketed under the name <a href="/wiki/Oscillococcinum" title="Oscillococcinum">Oscillococcinum</a>, would require 10320 universes worth of molecules to contain just one original molecule in the final substance.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> The high dilutions characteristically used are often considered to be the most controversial and implausible aspect of homeopathy.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Provings_2">Provings</h3></div> Homeopaths claim that they can determine the properties of their preparations by following a method which they call "proving".<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> As performed by Hahnemann, provings involved administering various preparations to healthy volunteers. The volunteers were then observed, often for months at a time. They were made to keep extensive journals detailing all of their symptoms at specific times throughout the day. They were forbidden from consuming coffee, tea, spices, or wine for the duration of the experiment; playing chess was also prohibited because Hahnemann considered it to be "too exciting", though they were allowed to drink beer and encouraged to exercise in moderation.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> At first Hahnemann used undiluted doses for provings, but he later advocated provings with preparations at a 30C dilution,<a href="#cite_note-Organon_6th_128-112">[112]</a> and most modern provings are carried out using ultra-dilute preparations.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Provings are claimed to have been important in the development of the <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trial</a>, due to their early use of simple control groups, systematic and quantitative procedures, and some of the first application of <a href="/wiki/Statistics" title="Statistics">statistics</a> in medicine.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> The lengthy records of <a href="/wiki/Self-experimentation" title="Self-experimentation">self-experimentation</a> by homeopaths have occasionally proven useful in the development of modern drugs: For example, evidence that <a href="/wiki/Nitroglycerin" title="Nitroglycerin">nitroglycerin</a> might be useful as a treatment for <a href="/wiki/Angina_pectoris" class="mw-redirect" title="Angina pectoris">angina</a> was discovered by looking through homeopathic provings, though homeopaths themselves never used it for that purpose at that time.<a href="#cite_note-pmid2866851-125">[125]</a> The first recorded provings were published by Hahnemann in his 1796 Essay on a New Principle.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> His Fragmenta de Viribus (1805)<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> contained the results of 27 provings, and his 1810 Materia Medica Pura contained 65.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> For James Tyler Kent's 1905 Lectures on Homoeopathic Materia Medica, 217 preparations underwent provings and newer substances are continually added to contemporary versions.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Though the proving process has superficial similarities with clinical trials, it is fundamentally different in that the process is subjective, not <a href="/wiki/Blind_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Blind test">blinded</a>, and modern provings are unlikely to use pharmacologically active levels of the substance under proving.<a href="#cite_note-Creighton-131">[131]</a> As early as 1842, Oliver Holmes had noted that provings were impossibly vague, and the purported effect was not repeatable among different subjects.<a href="#cite_note-Holmes-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evidence_and_efficacy">Evidence and efficacy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Evidence_and_efficacy_of_homeopathy" title="Evidence and efficacy of homeopathy">Evidence and efficacy of homeopathy</a></div> Outside of the <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">alternative medicine</a> community, scientists have long considered homeopathy a sham<a href="#cite_note-aaci2-132">[132]</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Tuomela_p83-101-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-Why-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-Baran20142-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ladyman2-136">[136]</a> and the medical community regards it as <a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">quackery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Baran20142-135">[135]</a> There is an overall absence of sound <a href="/wiki/Statistical_evidence" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistical evidence">statistical evidence</a> of therapeutic efficacy, which is consistent with the lack of any <a href="/wiki/Biological_plausibility" title="Biological plausibility">biologically plausible</a> pharmacological <a href="/wiki/Active_ingredient" title="Active ingredient">agent</a> or mechanism.<a href="#cite_note-pmid124926032-8">[8]</a> Proponents argue that homeopathic medicines must work by some, as yet undefined, biophysical mechanism.<a href="#cite_note-Vickers_1115–11182-87">[87]</a> No homeopathic preparation has been shown to be different from <a href="/wiki/Placebo" title="Placebo">placebo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid124926032-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lack_of_scientific_evidence">Lack of scientific evidence</h3></div> The lack of convincing scientific evidence supporting its efficacy<a href="#cite_note-Adler2-137">[137]</a> and its use of preparations without active ingredients have led to characterizations of homeopathy as pseudoscience and quackery,<a href="#cite_note-Dearden2-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid146761792-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-NdububaQuack2-140">[140]</a> or, in the words of a 1998 medical review, "placebo therapy at best and quackery at worst".<a href="#cite_note-Ernst2-141">[141]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Russian Academy of Sciences</a> considers homeopathy a "dangerous 'pseudoscience' that does not work", and "urges people to treat homeopathy 'on a par with magic'".<a href="#cite_note-Dearden2-138">[138]</a> The Chief Medical Officer for England, <a href="/wiki/Sally_Davies_(doctor)" title="Sally Davies (doctor)">Dame Sally Davies</a>, has stated that homeopathic preparations are "rubbish" and do not serve as anything more than placebos.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> In 2013, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Walport" title="Mark Walport">Mark Walport</a>, the UK <a href="/wiki/Government_Chief_Scientific_Adviser" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Chief Scientific Adviser">Government Chief Scientific Adviser</a> and head of the <a href="/wiki/Government_Office_for_Science" title="Government Office for Science">Government Office for Science</a> said "homeopathy is nonsense, it is non-science."<a href="#cite_note-Collins2-143">[143]</a> His predecessor, <a href="/wiki/John_Beddington" title="John Beddington">John Beddington</a>, also said that homeopathy "has no underpinning of scientific basis" and is being "fundamentally ignored" by the Government.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Jack Killen, acting deputy director of the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine">National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, says homeopathy "goes beyond current understanding of chemistry and physics". He adds: "There is, to my knowledge, no condition for which homeopathy has been proven to be an effective treatment."<a href="#cite_note-Adler2-137">[137]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ben_Goldacre" title="Ben Goldacre">Ben Goldacre</a> says that homeopaths who misrepresent scientific evidence to a <a href="/wiki/Scientific_literacy" title="Scientific literacy">scientifically illiterate</a> public, have "... walled themselves off from academic medicine, and critique has been all too often met with avoidance rather than argument".<a href="#cite_note-Goldacre20072-145">[145]</a> Homeopaths often prefer to ignore <a href="/wiki/Meta-analysis" title="Meta-analysis">meta-analyses</a> in favour of <a href="/wiki/Cherry_picking_(fallacy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherry picking (fallacy)">cherry picked</a> positive results, such as by promoting a particular <a href="/wiki/Observational_study" title="Observational study">observational study</a> (one which Goldacre describes as "little more than a customer-satisfaction survey") as if it were more informative than a series of randomized controlled trials.<a href="#cite_note-Goldacre20072-145">[145]</a> In an article entitled "Should We Maintain an Open Mind about Homeopathy?"<a href="#cite_note-Baum_&_Ernst2-146">[146]</a> published in the <a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="American Journal of Medicine">American Journal of Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Baum_(surgeon)" title="Michael Baum (surgeon)">Michael Baum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edzard_Ernst" title="Edzard Ernst">Edzard Ernst</a> – writing to other physicians – wrote that "Homeopathy is among the worst examples of faith-based medicine... These axioms [of homeopathy] are not only out of line with scientific facts but also directly opposed to them. If homeopathy is correct, much of physics, chemistry, and pharmacology must be incorrect...". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plausibility_of_dilutions">Plausibility of dilutions</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LedumPalustre15CH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/LedumPalustre15CH.jpg/220px-LedumPalustre15CH.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/LedumPalustre15CH.jpg/330px-LedumPalustre15CH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/LedumPalustre15CH.jpg/440px-LedumPalustre15CH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="130" /></a><figcaption>A homeopathic preparation made from <a href="/wiki/Marsh_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsh tea">marsh tea</a>: the "15C" dilution shown here means the original solution was diluted to 1/1030 of its original strength.</figcaption></figure> The exceedingly low concentration of homeopathic preparations, which often lack even a single <a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">molecule</a> of the diluted substance,<a href="#cite_note-Ernst2005-91">[91]</a> has been the basis of questions about the effects of the preparations since the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-GrimesFACT-147">[147]</a> The laws of chemistry give this dilution limit, which is related to the <a href="/wiki/Avogadro_constant" title="Avogadro constant">Avogadro number</a>, as being roughly equal to 12C homeopathic dilutions (1 part in 1024).<a href="#cite_note-Appendix2-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sbarrett2-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-dynam2-149">[149]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi">James Randi</a> and the <a href="/wiki/10:23_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="10:23 campaign">10:23 campaign</a> groups have highlighted the lack of <a href="/wiki/Active_ingredient" title="Active ingredient">active ingredients</a> by taking large 'overdoses'.<a href="#cite_note-Jones2-150">[150]</a> None of the hundreds of demonstrators in the UK, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the US were injured and "no one was cured of anything, either".<a href="#cite_note-Jones2-150">[150]</a> Modern advocates of homeopathy have proposed a concept of "<a href="/wiki/Water_memory" title="Water memory">water memory</a>", according to which water "remembers" the substances mixed in it, and transmits the effect of those substances when consumed. This concept is inconsistent with the current understanding of matter, and water memory has never been demonstrated to have any detectable effect, biological or otherwise.<a href="#cite_note-NatureWhenToBelieve2-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-delusion2-152">[152]</a> Existence of a <a href="/wiki/Biological_activity" title="Biological activity">pharmacological effect</a> in the absence of any true active ingredient is inconsistent with the <a href="/wiki/Law_of_mass_action" title="Law of mass action">law of mass action</a> and the observed <a href="/wiki/Dose-response_relationship" class="mw-redirect" title="Dose-response relationship">dose-response relationships</a> characteristic of therapeutic drugs.<a href="#cite_note-Levy2-153">[153]</a> Homeopaths contend that their methods produce a therapeutically active preparation, selectively including only the intended substance, though in reality any water will have been in contact with millions of different substances throughout its history, and homeopaths cannot account for the selected homeopathic substance being isolated as a special case in their process.<a href="#cite_note-Smith20122-154">[154]</a> Practitioners also hold that higher dilutions produce stronger medicinal effects. This idea is also inconsistent with observed dose-response relationships, where effects are dependent on the concentration of the active ingredient in the body.<a href="#cite_note-Levy2-153">[153]</a> Some contend that the phenomenon of <a href="/wiki/Hormesis" title="Hormesis">hormesis</a> may support the idea of dilution increasing potency,<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> but the dose-response relationship outside the zone of hormesis declines with dilution as normal, and nonlinear pharmacological effects do not provide any credible support for homeopathy.<a href="#cite_note-Smith20122-154">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Efficacy">Efficacy</h3></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="width:40%;"> <caption>Explanations for efficacy of homeopathic preparations:<a href="#cite_note-Shelton-12">[12]</a>: 155–167 <a href="#cite_note-BrienRheumatology-157">[157]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Placebo_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Placebo effect">placebo effect</a> </td> <td>The intensive consultation process and expectations for the homeopathic preparations may cause the effect </td></tr> <tr> <td>Therapeutic effect of the consultation </td> <td>The care, concern, and reassurance a patient experiences when opening up to a compassionate caregiver can have a positive effect on the patient's well-being. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unassisted <a href="/wiki/Healing" title="Healing">natural healing</a> </td> <td>Time and the body's ability to heal without assistance can eliminate many diseases of their own accord. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unrecognized treatments </td> <td>An unrelated food, exercise, environmental agent, or treatment for a different ailment, may have occurred. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Regression_toward_the_mean" title="Regression toward the mean">Regression towards the mean</a> </td> <td>Since many diseases or conditions are cyclical, symptoms vary over time and patients tend to seek care when discomfort is greatest; they may feel better anyway but because of the timing of the visit to the homeopath they attribute improvement to the preparation taken. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Non-homeopathic treatment </td> <td>Patients may also receive standard medical care at the same time as homeopathic treatment, and the former is responsible for improvement. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cessation of unpleasant treatment </td> <td>Often homeopaths recommend patients stop getting medical treatment such as surgery or drugs, which can cause unpleasant side-effects; improvements are attributed to homeopathy when the actual cause is the cessation of the treatment causing side-effects in the first place, but the underlying disease remains untreated and still dangerous to the patient. </td></tr></tbody></table> No individual homeopathic preparation has been unambiguously shown by research to be different from placebo.<a href="#cite_note-pmid124926032-8">[8]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Methodology" title="Methodology">methodological</a> quality of the early primary research was low, with problems such as weaknesses in <a href="/wiki/Study_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Study design">study design</a> and reporting, small <a href="/wiki/Sample_size" class="mw-redirect" title="Sample size">sample size</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Selection_bias" title="Selection bias">selection bias</a>. Since better quality trials have become available, the evidence for efficacy of homeopathy preparations has diminished; the highest-quality trials indicate that the preparations themselves exert no intrinsic effect.<a href="#cite_note-Caulfield20053-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shelton2-158">[158]</a>: 206 <a href="#cite_note-Linde19992-159">[159]</a> A review conducted in 2010 of all the pertinent studies of "best evidence" produced by the <a href="/wiki/Cochrane_Collaboration" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochrane Collaboration">Cochrane Collaboration</a> concluded that this evidence "fails to demonstrate that homeopathic medicines have effects beyond placebo."<a href="#cite_note-Ernst20102-13">[13]</a> In 2009, the United Kingdom's <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> Science and Technology Committee concluded that there was no compelling evidence of effect other than placebo.<a href="#cite_note-inquiry_cfm-160">[160]</a> The Australian <a href="/wiki/National_Health_and_Medical_Research_Council" title="National Health and Medical Research Council">National Health and Medical Research Council</a> completed a comprehensive review of the effectiveness of homeopathic preparations in 2015, in which it concluded that "there were no health conditions for which there was reliable evidence that homeopathy was effective."<a href="#cite_note-NHMRC2-161">[161]</a> The European Academies' Science Advisory Council (EASAC) published its official analysis in 2017 finding a lack of evidence that homeopathic products are effective, and raising concerns about quality control.<a href="#cite_note-EASAC2017-162">[162]</a> In contrast a 2011 book was published, purportedly financed by the Swiss government, that concluded that homeopathy was effective and cost efficient.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Although hailed by proponents as proof that homeopathy works,<a href="#cite_note-ShawMisconduct2-164">[164]</a> it was found to be scientifically, logically and ethically flawed, with most authors having a <a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_interest" title="Conflict of interest">conflict of interest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ShawMisconduct2-164">[164]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Office_of_Public_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Federal Office of Public Health">Swiss Federal Office of Public Health</a> later released a statement saying the book was published without the consent of the Swiss government.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <a href="/wiki/Meta-analysis" title="Meta-analysis">Meta-analyses</a>, essential tools to summarize evidence of therapeutic efficacy,<a href="#cite_note-PRISMA2-166">[166]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Systematic_review" title="Systematic review">systematic reviews</a> have found that the methodological quality in the majority of randomized trials in homeopathy have shortcomings and that such trials were generally of lower quality than trials of conventional medicine.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid114160762-168">[168]</a> A major issue has been <a href="/wiki/Publication_bias" title="Publication bias">publication bias</a>, where positive results are more likely to be published in journals.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>]<a href="#cite_note-pmid160607222-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid18258002-171">[171]</a> This has been particularly marked in alternative medicine journals, where few of the published articles (just 5% during the year 2000) tend to report <a href="/wiki/Null_result" title="Null result">null results</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Goldacre20072-145">[145]</a> A systematic review of the available systematic reviews confirmed in 2002 that higher-quality trials tended to have less positive results, and found no convincing evidence that any homeopathic preparation exerts clinical effects different from placebo.<a href="#cite_note-pmid124926032-8">[8]</a> The same conclusion was also reached in 2005 in a meta-analysis published in The Lancet. A 2017 systematic review and meta-analysis found that the most reliable evidence did not support the effectiveness of non-individualized homeopathy.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Health organizations, including the UK's <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a>,<a href="#cite_note-nhs_choices2-173">[173]</a> the <a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Association" title="American Medical Association">American Medical Association</a>,<a href="#cite_note-amapseudo2-174">[174]</a> the <a href="/wiki/FASEB" class="mw-redirect" title="FASEB">FASEB</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Weissmann2-175">[175]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_and_Medical_Research_Council" title="National Health and Medical Research Council">National Health and Medical Research Council</a> of Australia,<a href="#cite_note-NHMRC2-161">[161]</a> have issued statements saying that there is no good-quality evidence that homeopathy is effective as a treatment for any health condition.<a href="#cite_note-nhs_choices2-173">[173]</a> In 2009, <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> official <a href="/wiki/Mario_Raviglione" title="Mario Raviglione">Mario Raviglione</a> criticized the use of homeopathy to treat <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>; similarly, another WHO spokesperson argued there was no evidence homeopathy would be an effective treatment for <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhoea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> They warned against the use of homeopathy for serious conditions such as <a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">depression</a>, <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> The <a href="/wiki/American_College_of_Medical_Toxicology" title="American College of Medical Toxicology">American College of Medical Toxicology</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Clinical_Toxicology" title="American Academy of Clinical Toxicology">American Academy of Clinical Toxicology</a> recommend that no one use homeopathic treatment for disease or as a preventive health measure.<a href="#cite_note-toxicfive2-178">[178]</a> These organizations report that no evidence exists that homeopathic treatment is effective, but that there is evidence that using these treatments produces harm and can bring indirect health risks by delaying conventional treatment.<a href="#cite_note-toxicfive2-178">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purported_effects_in_other_biological_systems">Purported effects in other biological systems</h3></div> While some articles have suggested that homeopathic solutions of high dilution can have statistically significant effects on organic processes including the growth of <a href="/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">grain</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme reactions</a>, such evidence is disputed since attempts to replicate them have failed.<a href="#cite_note-pmid11316508-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid8255290-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid1376282-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid16722785-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid16036166-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> In 2001 and 2004, <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Ennis" class="mw-redirect" title="Madeleine Ennis">Madeleine Ennis</a> published a number of studies that reported that homeopathic dilutions of <a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">histamine</a> exerted an effect on the activity of <a href="/wiki/Basophil" title="Basophil">basophils</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> In response to the first of these studies, <a href="/wiki/Horizon_(BBC_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horizon (BBC TV series)">Horizon</a> aired a programme in which British scientists attempted to replicate Ennis' results; they were unable to do so.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> A 2007 systematic review of high-dilution experiments found that none of the experiments with positive results could be reproduced by all investigators.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> In 1988, French immunologist <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Benveniste" title="Jacques Benveniste">Jacques Benveniste</a> published a paper in the journal <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a> while working at <a href="/wiki/INSERM" class="mw-redirect" title="INSERM">INSERM</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> The paper purported to have discovered that basophils released histamine when exposed to a homeopathic dilution of anti-immunoglobulin E antibody. Skeptical of the findings, Nature assembled an independent investigative team to determine the accuracy of the research. After investigation the team found that the experiments were "statistically ill-controlled", "interpretation has been clouded by the exclusion of measurements in conflict with the claim", and concluded, "We believe that experimental data have been uncritically assessed and their imperfections inadequately reported."<a href="#cite_note-delusion-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sullivan_1988-07-27-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethics_and_safety">Ethics and safety</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhustox.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Rhustox.jpg/220px-Rhustox.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Rhustox.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Homeopathic preparation Rhus toxicodendron, derived from <a href="/wiki/Toxicodendron_radicans" title="Toxicodendron radicans">poison ivy</a></figcaption></figure>The provision of homeopathic preparations has been described as unethical.<a href="#cite_note-unethical-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shaw2010-195">[195]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Baum_(surgeon)" title="Michael Baum (surgeon)">Michael Baum</a>, professor emeritus of surgery and visiting professor of medical humanities at <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a> (UCL), has described homeopathy as a "cruel deception".<a href="#cite_note-Janes-196">[196]</a> <a href="/wiki/Edzard_Ernst" title="Edzard Ernst">Edzard Ernst</a>, the first professor of <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">complementary medicine</a> in the United Kingdom and a former homeopathic practitioner,<a href="#cite_note-Ernst_memo-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-Con?-199">[199]</a> has expressed his concerns about <a href="/wiki/Pharmacist" title="Pharmacist">pharmacists</a> who violate their ethical code by failing to provide customers with "necessary and relevant information" about the true nature of the homeopathic products they advertise and sell.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> In 2013 the <a href="/wiki/Advertising_Standards_Authority_(United_Kingdom)" title="Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom)">UK Advertising Standards Authority</a> concluded that the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Homeopaths" title="Society of Homeopaths">Society of Homeopaths</a> were targeting vulnerable ill people and discouraging the use of essential medical treatment while making misleading claims of efficacy for homeopathic products.<a href="#cite_note-ASA-201">[201]</a> In 2015 the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Australia" title="Federal Court of Australia">Federal Court of Australia</a> imposed penalties on a homeopathic company for making false or misleading statements about the efficacy of the whooping cough vaccine and recommending homeopathic remedies as an alternative.<a href="#cite_note-ACCC-202">[202]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1belladonna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/1belladonna.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="288" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption>Old homeopathic <a href="/wiki/Deadly_nightshade" class="mw-redirect" title="Deadly nightshade">belladonna</a> preparation</figcaption></figure>A 2000 review by homeopaths reported that homeopathic preparations are "unlikely to provoke severe adverse reactions".<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> In 2012, a systematic review evaluating evidence of homeopathy's possible <a href="/wiki/Adverse_effect" title="Adverse effect">adverse effects</a> concluded that "homeopathy has the potential to harm patients and consumers in both direct and indirect ways".<a href="#cite_note-sr2012-204">[204]</a> A 2016 systematic review and meta-analysis found that, in homeopathic clinical trials, adverse effects were reported among the patients who received homeopathy about as often as they were reported among patients who received placebo or conventional medicine.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> Some homeopathic preparations involve poisons such as <a href="/wiki/Atropa_belladonna" title="Atropa belladonna">Belladonna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toxicodendron_radicans" title="Toxicodendron radicans">poison ivy</a>. In rare cases, the original ingredients are present at detectable levels. This may be due to improper preparation or intentional low dilution. Serious adverse effects such as seizures and death have been reported or associated with some homeopathic preparations.<a href="#cite_note-sr2012-204">[204]</a> Instances of <a href="/wiki/Arsenic_poisoning" title="Arsenic poisoning">arsenic poisoning</a> have occurred.<a href="#cite_note-J_Toxicology:_Arsenic_toxicity-206">[206]</a> In 2009, the FDA advised consumers to stop using three discontinued cold remedy <a href="/wiki/Zicam" title="Zicam">Zicam</a> products because it could cause permanent damage to users' sense of smell.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> In 2016 the FDA issued a safety alert to consumers<a href="#cite_note-FDAconsumers-208">[208]</a> warning against the use of homeopathic teething gels and tablets following reports of adverse events after their use.<a href="#cite_note-FDANewsRelease-209">[209]</a> A previous FDA investigation had found that these products were improperly diluted and contained "unsafe levels of belladonna" and that the reports of serious adverse events in children using this product were "consistent with belladonna toxicity".<a href="#cite_note-arstechnicaFDA-210">[210]</a> Patients who choose to use homeopathy rather than <a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine" title="Evidence-based medicine">evidence-based medicine</a> risk missing timely diagnosis and effective treatment, thereby worsening the outcomes of serious conditions such as cancer.<a href="#cite_note-Mayo_Clinic_Proceedings:_trials-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid12974558-212">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid8554846-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_malaria-214">[214]</a> The Russian <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Pseudoscience" title="Commission on Pseudoscience">Commission on Pseudoscience</a> has said homeopathy is not safe because "patients spend significant amounts of money, buying medicines that do not work and disregard already known effective treatment."<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> Critics have cited cases of patients failing to receive proper treatment for diseases that could have been easily managed with conventional medicine and who have died as a result.<a href="#cite_note-Baby_Gloria-216">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dingle-217">[217]</a> They have also condemned the "marketing practice" of criticizing and downplaying the effectiveness of medicine.<a href="#cite_note-Goldacre20072-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dingle-217">[217]</a> Homeopaths claim that use of conventional medicines will "push the disease deeper" and cause more serious conditions, a process referred to as "suppression".<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> In 1978, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Campbell_(physician)" title="Anthony Campbell (physician)">Anthony Campbell</a>, a consultant physician at the Royal London Homeopathic Hospital, criticized statements by <a href="/wiki/George_Vithoulkas" title="George Vithoulkas">George Vithoulkas</a> claiming that <a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</a>, when treated with antibiotics, would develop into secondary and tertiary syphilis with involvement of the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> Vithoulkas' claims echo the idea that treating a disease with external medication used to treat the symptoms would only drive it deeper into the body and conflict with scientific studies, which indicate that <a href="/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin">penicillin</a> treatment produces a complete cure of syphilis in more than 90% of cases.<a href="#cite_note-Birnbaum-220">[220]</a> The use of homeopathy as a preventive for serious infectious diseases, called <a href="/wiki/Homeoprophylaxis" title="Homeoprophylaxis">homeoprophylaxis</a>, is especially controversial.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-malaria-221">[221]</a> Some homeopaths (particularly those who are non-physicians) advise their patients against <a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">immunization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid8554846-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid9243229-222">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> Others have suggested that vaccines be replaced with homeopathic "nosodes".<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> While Hahnemann was opposed to such preparations, modern homeopaths often use them although there is no evidence to indicate they have any beneficial effects.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> Promotion of homeopathic alternatives to vaccines has been characterized as dangerous, inappropriate and irresponsible.<a href="#cite_note-CBC-Irresponsible-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC-Poling-228">[228]</a> In December 2014, the Australian homeopathy supplier <a href="/wiki/Homeopathy_Plus!" title="Homeopathy Plus!">Homeopathy Plus!</a> was found to have acted deceptively in promoting homeopathic alternatives to vaccines.<a href="#cite_note-ACCC-HPlus-229">[229]</a> In 2019, an investigative journalism piece by the <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">Telegraph</a> revealed that homeopathy practitioners were actively discouraging patients from vaccinating their children.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> Cases of homeopaths advising against the use of anti-malarial drugs have also been identified,<a href="#cite_note-BBC_malaria-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian_malaria-231">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid11082104-232">[232]</a> putting visitors to the tropics in severe danger.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_malaria-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian_malaria-231">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid11082104-232">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coffman-233">[233]</a> A 2006 review recommends that pharmacy colleges include a required course where ethical dilemmas inherent in recommending products lacking proven safety and efficacy data be discussed and that students should be taught where unproven systems such as homeopathy depart from evidence-based medicine.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulation_and_prevalence">Regulation and prevalence</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Regulation_and_prevalence_of_homeopathy" title="Regulation and prevalence of homeopathy">Regulation and prevalence of homeopathy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bristol_Homeopathic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bristol_Homeopathic.jpg/220px-Bristol_Homeopathic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bristol_Homeopathic.jpg/330px-Bristol_Homeopathic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bristol_Homeopathic.jpg/440px-Bristol_Homeopathic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1856" data-file-height="1787" /></a><figcaption>Hampton House, the former site of <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Homeopathic_Hospital" title="Bristol Homeopathic Hospital">Bristol Homeopathic Hospital</a></figcaption></figure> Homeopathy is fairly common in some countries while being uncommon in others; is highly regulated in some countries and mostly unregulated in others. It is practiced worldwide and professional qualifications and licences are needed in most countries.<a href="#cite_note-Who_Legal-235">[235]</a> A 2019 WHO report found that 100 out of 133 Member States surveyed in 2012 acknowledged that their population used homeopathy, with 22 saying the practice was regulated and 13 providing health insurance coverage.<a href="#cite_note-WHO_traditional-236">[236]</a> In some countries, there are no specific legal regulations concerning the use of homeopathy, while in others, licences or degrees in conventional medicine from accredited universities are required. In 2001 homeopathy had been integrated into the national health care systems of many countries, including India, Mexico, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-Who_Legal-235">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regulation">Regulation</h3></div> Some homeopathic treatment is covered by the public health service of several European countries, including Scotland,<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> It used to be covered in France until 2021.<a href="#cite_note-FranceEndFunding2021-25">[25]</a> In other countries, such as Belgium, homeopathy is not covered. In Austria, the public health service requires scientific proof of effectiveness in order to reimburse medical treatments and homeopathy is listed as not reimbursable,<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> but exceptions can be made;<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> private health insurance policies sometimes include homeopathic treatments.<a href="#cite_note-Who_Legal-235">[235]</a> In 2018, Austria's <a href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_Vienna" title="Medical University of Vienna">Medical University of Vienna</a> stopped teaching homeopathy.<a href="#cite_note-Undark_2020-09-02-241">[241]</a> The Swiss government withdrew coverage of homeopathy and four other complementary treatments in 2005, stating that they did not meet efficacy and cost-effectiveness criteria,<a href="#cite_note-EndofHomeopathy-242">[242]</a> but following a referendum in 2009 the five therapies were reinstated for a further 6-year trial period.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> In Germany, homeopathic treatments are covered by 70 percent of government medical plans, and available in almost every pharmacy.<a href="#cite_note-Undark_2020-09-02-241">[241]</a> In January 2024, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_Health_(Germany)" title="Federal Ministry of Health (Germany)">German health minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Lauterbach" title="Karl Lauterbach">Karl Lauterbach</a> announced plans to withdraw all statutory health insurance coverage for homeopathic and anthroposophic treatments, citing a lack of scientific evidence for their efficacy.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> The English NHS recommended against prescribing homeopathic preparations in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-NHS_Homeo-245">[245]</a> In 2018, prescriptions worth £55,000 were written in defiance of the guidelines, representing less than 0.001% of the total NHS prescribing budget.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> In 2016 the UK's <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Advertising_Practice" title="Committee of Advertising Practice">Committee of Advertising Practice</a> compliance team wrote to homeopaths<a href="#cite_note-NightingaleASA_CAP-248">[248]</a> in the UK to "remind them of the rules that govern what they can and can't say in their marketing materials".<a href="#cite_note-ASA_CAP-249">[249]</a> The letter told homeopaths to "ensure that they do not make any direct or implied claims that homeopathy can treat medical conditions" and asks them to review their marketing communications "including websites and social media pages" to ensure compliance.<a href="#cite_note-LetterToHomeopaths-250">[250]</a> Homeopathic services offered at <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Homeopathic_Hospital" title="Bristol Homeopathic Hospital">Bristol Homeopathic Hospital</a> in the UK ceased in October 2015.<a href="#cite_note-GoodThinking-251">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-BristolPost-10-06-2015-252">[252]</a> Member states of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> are required to ensure that homeopathic products are registered, although this process does not require any proof of efficacy.<a href="#cite_note-Commander_Snake-253">[253]</a> In Spain, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_for_the_protection_of_patients_from_pseudo-scientific_therapies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association for the protection of patients from pseudo-scientific therapies (page does not exist)">Association for the protection of patients from pseudo-scientific therapies</a> is lobbying to get rid of the easy registration procedure for homeopathic remedies.<a href="#cite_note-Commander_Snake-253">[253]</a> In Bulgaria, Hungary, Latvia, Romania and Slovenia homeopathy, by law, can only be practiced by medical practitioners. However, in Slovenia if doctors practice homeopathy their medical license will be revoked.<a href="#cite_note-Commander_Snake-253">[253]</a> In Germany, to become a homeopathic physician, one must attend a three-year training program, while France, Austria and Denmark mandate licences to diagnose any illness or dispense of any product whose purpose is to treat any illness.<a href="#cite_note-Who_Legal-235">[235]</a> Homeopaths in the UK are under no legal regulations, meaning anyone can call themselves homeopaths and administer homeopathic remedies.<a href="#cite_note-NHS_Homeo-245">[245]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:India_-_Varanasi_pharmacy_-_0830.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/India_-_Varanasi_pharmacy_-_0830.jpg/220px-India_-_Varanasi_pharmacy_-_0830.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/India_-_Varanasi_pharmacy_-_0830.jpg/330px-India_-_Varanasi_pharmacy_-_0830.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/India_-_Varanasi_pharmacy_-_0830.jpg/440px-India_-_Varanasi_pharmacy_-_0830.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3484" data-file-height="2319" /></a><figcaption>Homeopathics at a homeopathic pharmacy in <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>, India</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_local_store_of_Homeopathic_medicines_at_Jagadishpur_Hat,_West_Bengal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/A_local_store_of_Homeopathic_medicines_at_Jagadishpur_Hat%2C_West_Bengal.jpg/220px-A_local_store_of_Homeopathic_medicines_at_Jagadishpur_Hat%2C_West_Bengal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/A_local_store_of_Homeopathic_medicines_at_Jagadishpur_Hat%2C_West_Bengal.jpg/330px-A_local_store_of_Homeopathic_medicines_at_Jagadishpur_Hat%2C_West_Bengal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/A_local_store_of_Homeopathic_medicines_at_Jagadishpur_Hat%2C_West_Bengal.jpg/440px-A_local_store_of_Homeopathic_medicines_at_Jagadishpur_Hat%2C_West_Bengal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption>Homeopathic medicines at a store in <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, India</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Indian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian government">Indian government</a> recognizes homeopathy as one of its national systems of medicine and they are sold with medical claims.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-WHO_traditional-236">[236]</a> It has established the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Ayurveda,_Yoga_and_Naturopathy,_Unani,_Siddha_and_Homoeopathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy">Department of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy</a> (AYUSH) under the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Family_Welfare_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India)">Ministry of Health & Family Welfare</a>.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> The south Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> also has a cabinet-level AYUSH department.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Central_Council_of_Homoeopathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Council of Homoeopathy">Central Council of Homoeopathy</a> was established in 1973 to monitor higher education in homeopathy, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Homoeopathy" title="National Institute of Homoeopathy">National Institute of Homoeopathy</a> in 1975.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> Principals and standards for homeopathic products are covered by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homoeopathic_pharmacopoeia_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homoeopathic pharmacopoeia of India (page does not exist)">Homoeopathic pharmacopoeia of India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO_Safety-89">[89]</a> A minimum of a recognized diploma in homeopathy and registration on a state register or the Central Register of Homoeopathy is required to practice homeopathy in India.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> Some <a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">medical schools</a> in Pakistan,<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> India,<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> and Bangladesh,<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> offer an undergraduate degree programme in homeopathy.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> Upon completion the college may award a <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style>Bachelor of Homoeopathy Medicine and Surgery (B.H.M.S.). In the United States each state is responsible for the laws and licensing requirements for homeopathy.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> In 2015, the FDA held a hearing on homeopathic product regulation.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> At the hearing, representatives from the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Inquiry" title="Center for Inquiry">Center for Inquiry</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a> summarized the harm that is done to the general public from homeopathics and proposed regulatory actions:<a href="#cite_note-fdahearing-267">[267]</a> In 2016 the United States <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> (FTC) issued an "Enforcement Policy Statement Regarding Marketing Claims for Over-the-Counter Homeopathic Drugs" which specified that the FTC will apply the same standard to homeopathic drugs that it applies to other products claiming similar benefits.<a href="#cite_note-FTC2016-268">[268]</a> A related report concluded that claims of homeopathy effectiveness "are not accepted by most modern medical experts and do not constitute competent and reliable scientific evidence that these products have the claimed treatment effects."<a href="#cite_note-WSReport-269">[269]</a> In 2019, the FDA removed an enforcement policy that permitted unapproved homeopathics to be sold.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> Currently no homeopathic products are approved by the FDA.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> Homeopathic remedies are regulated as natural health products in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-WHO_Safety-89">[89]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> became the first province in the country to regulate the practice of homeopathy, a move that was widely criticized by scientists and doctors.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> <a href="/wiki/Health_Canada" title="Health Canada">Health Canada</a> requires all products to have a licence before being sold and applicants have to submit evidence on "the safety, efficacy and quality of a homeopathic medicine".<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> In 2015 the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a> tested the system by applying for and then receiving a government approved licence for a made-up drug aimed at kids.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> In Australia, the sale of homeopathic products is regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_Goods_Administration" title="Therapeutic Goods Administration">Therapeutic Goods Administration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> In 2015, the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_and_Medical_Research_Council" title="National Health and Medical Research Council">National Health and Medical Research Council</a> of Australia concluded that there is "no reliable evidence that homeopathy is effective and should not be used to treat health conditions that are chronic, serious, or could become serious". They recommended anyone considering using homeopathy should first get advice from a registered health practitioner.<a href="#cite_note-NHMRC2-161">[161]</a> A 2017 review into Pharmacy Remuneration and Regulation recommended that products be banned from pharmacies;<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> while noting the concerns the government did not adopt the recommendation.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> In New Zealand there are no regulations specific to homeopathy<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Medical_Association" title="New Zealand Medical Association">New Zealand Medical Association</a> does not oppose the use of homeopathy,<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> a stance that has been called unethical by some doctors.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prevalence">Prevalence</h3></div> Homeopathy is one of the most commonly used forms of alternative medicines and it has a large worldwide market.<a href="#cite_note-WHO_Safety-89">[89]</a> The exact size is uncertain, but information available on homeopathic sales suggests it forms a large share of the medical market.<a href="#cite_note-WHO_Safety-89">[89]</a> In 1999, about 1000 UK doctors practiced homeopathy, most being general practitioners who prescribe a limited number of remedies. A further 1500 homeopaths with no medical training are also thought to practice. Over ten thousand German and French doctors use homeopathy.<a href="#cite_note-Vickers_1115–11182-87">[87]</a> In the United States a National Health Interview Survey estimated 5 million adults and 1 million children used homeopathy in 2011. An analysis of this survey concluded that most cases were self-prescribed for colds and musculoskeletal pain.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> Major retailers like <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a>, <a href="/wiki/CVS_Pharmacy" title="CVS Pharmacy">CVS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Walgreens" title="Walgreens">Walgreens</a> sell homeopathic products that are packaged to resemble conventional medicines.<a href="#cite_note-Undark_2020-09-02-241">[241]</a> The homeopathic drug market in Germany is worth about 650 million euro with a 2014 survey finding that 60 percent of Germans reported trying homeopathy.<a href="#cite_note-Undark_2020-09-02-241">[241]</a> A 2009 survey found that only 17 percent of respondents knew how homeopathic medicine was made.<a href="#cite_note-Undark_2020-09-02-241">[241]</a> France spent more than US$408 million on homeopathic products in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-WHO_Safety-89">[89]</a> In the United States the homeopathic market is worth about $3 billion-a-year;<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> with 2.9 billion spent in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-WHO_Safety-89">[89]</a> Australia spent US$7.3 million on homeopathic medicines in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-WHO_Safety-89">[89]</a> In India, a 2014 national health survey found that homeopathy was used by about 3% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> Homeopathy is used in China, although it arrived a lot later than in many other countries, partly due to the restriction on foreigners that persisted until late in the nineteenth century.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> Throughout Africa there is a high reliance on traditional medicines, which can be attributed to the cost of modern medicines and the relative prevalence of practitioners. Many African countries do not have any official training facilities.<a href="#cite_note-Who_Legal-235">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Veterinary_use">Veterinary use</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Homeopathic_cures_for_small_animals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Homeopathic_cures_for_small_animals.jpg/220px-Homeopathic_cures_for_small_animals.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Homeopathic_cures_for_small_animals.jpg/330px-Homeopathic_cures_for_small_animals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Homeopathic_cures_for_small_animals.jpg/440px-Homeopathic_cures_for_small_animals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Homeopathic cures for small animals on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></figcaption></figure> Using homeopathy as a treatment for animals is termed "veterinary homeopathy" and dates back to the inception of homeopathy; Hahnemann himself wrote and spoke of the use of homeopathy in animals other than humans.<a href="#cite_note-Saxton2007-285">[285]</a> The use of homeopathy in the <a href="/wiki/Organic_farming" title="Organic farming">organic farming</a> industry is heavily promoted.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> Given that homeopathy's effects in humans are due to the placebo effect and the counseling aspects of the consultation, such treatments are even less effective in animals.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> Studies have also found that giving animals placebos can play active roles in influencing pet owners to believe in the effectiveness of the treatment when none exists.<a href="#cite_note-Hektoen-288">[288]</a> This means that animals given homeopathic remedies will continue to suffer, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">animal welfare</a> concerns.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> Little existing research on the subject is of a high enough scientific standard to provide reliable data on efficacy.<a href="#cite_note-Hektoen-288">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> A 2016 review of peer-reviewed articles from 1981 to 2014 by scientists from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kassel" title="University of Kassel">University of Kassel</a>, Germany, concluded that there is not enough evidence to support homeopathy as an effective treatment of infectious diseases in livestock.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> The UK's <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Environment,_Food_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs">Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs</a> (Defra) has adopted a robust position against use of "alternative" pet preparations including homeopathy.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> The British Veterinary Association's position statement on alternative medicines says that it "cannot endorse" homeopathy,<a href="#cite_note-BVA-295">[295]</a> and the Australian Veterinary Association includes it on its list of "ineffective therapies".<a href="#cite_note-AVA-296">[296]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_science" title="Fringe science">Fringe science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience" title="List of topics characterized as pseudoscience">List of topics characterized as pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">Scientific skepticism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTuomela,_R1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raimo_Tuomela" title="Raimo Tuomela">Tuomela, R</a> (1987). "Science, Protoscience, and Pseudoscience". In Pitt JC, Marcello P (eds.). Rational Changes in Science. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol. 98. Springer. pp. 83–101. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-009-3779-6_4">10.1007/978-94-009-3779-6_4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-010-8181-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-010-8181-8"><bdi>978-94-010-8181-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0068-0346">0068-0346</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Science%2C+Protoscience%2C+and+Pseudoscience&rft.btitle=Rational+Changes+in+Science&rft.series=Boston+Studies+in+the+Philosophy+of+Science&rft.pages=83-101&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1987&rft.issn=0068-0346&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-94-009-3779-6_4&rft.isbn=978-94-010-8181-8&rft.au=Tuomela%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukerjiErnst2022" class="citation journal cs1">Mukerji N, Ernst E (September 14, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11229-022-03882-w">"Why homoeopathy is pseudoscience"</a>. Synthese. 200 (5). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11229-022-03882-w">10.1007/s11229-022-03882-w</a>. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-0964">1573-0964</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:252297716">252297716</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Synthese&rft.atitle=Why+homoeopathy+is+pseudoscience&rft.volume=200&rft.issue=5&rft.date=2022-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A252297716%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.eissn=1573-0964&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11229-022-03882-w&rft.aulast=Mukerji&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=Ernst%2C+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs11229-022-03882-w&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaranKianaSamuel2014" class="citation book cs1">Baran GR, Kiana MF, Samuel SP (2014). "Science, Pseudoscience, and Not Science: How do They Differ?". Healthcare and Biomedical Technology in the 21st Century. Springer. pp. 19–57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4614-8541-4_2">10.1007/978-1-4614-8541-4_2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4614-8540-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4614-8540-7"><bdi>978-1-4614-8540-7</bdi></a>. <q>within the traditional medical community it is considered to be quackery</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Science%2C+Pseudoscience%2C+and+Not+Science%3A+How+do+They+Differ%3F&rft.btitle=Healthcare+and+Biomedical+Technology+in+the+21st+Century&rft.pages=19-57&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4614-8541-4_2&rft.isbn=978-1-4614-8540-7&rft.aulast=Baran&rft.aufirst=GR&rft.au=Kiana%2C+MF&rft.au=Samuel%2C+SP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLadyman_J2013" class="citation book cs1">Ladyman J (2013). "Chapter 3: Towards a Demarcation of Science from Pseudoscience". In Pigliucci M, Boudry M (eds.). Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem. University of Chicago Press. pp. 48–49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-05196-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-05196-3"><bdi>978-0-226-05196-3</bdi></a>. <q>Yet homeopathy is a paradigmatic example of pseudoscience. It is neither simply bad science nor science fraud, but rather profoundly departs from scientific method and theories while being described as scientific by some of its adherents (often sincerely).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+3%3A+Towards+a+Demarcation+of+Science+from+Pseudoscience&rft.btitle=Philosophy+of+Pseudoscience%3A+Reconsidering+the+Demarcation+Problem&rft.pages=48-49&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-226-05196-3&rft.au=Ladyman+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cga.ct.gov/2010/rpt/2010-R-0315.htm">"Homeopathic Physician Licensure"</a>. OLR Research Report. Retrieved November 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OLR+Research+Report&rft.atitle=Homeopathic+Physician+Licensure&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cga.ct.gov%2F2010%2Frpt%2F2010-R-0315.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hahnemann-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hahnemann_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hahnemann_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahnemann,_Samuel1833" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hahnemann" title="Samuel Hahnemann">Hahnemann, Samuel</a> (1833). The homœopathic medical doctrine, or "Organon of the healing art". Dublin: W. F. Wakeman. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EnEFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR3">iii</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EnEFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA48">48–49</a>. <q>Observation, reflection, and experience have unfolded to me that the best and true method of cure is founded on the principle, <a href="/wiki/Similia_similibus_curentur" class="mw-redirect" title="Similia similibus curentur">similia similibus curentur</a>. To cure in a mild, prompt, safe, and durable manner, it is necessary to choose in each case a medicine that will excite an affection similar (ὅμοιος πάθος) to that against which it is employed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+hom%C5%93opathic+medical+doctrine%2C+or+%22Organon+of+the+healing+art%22&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=iii%2C+48-49&rft.pub=W.+F.+Wakeman&rft.date=1833&rft.au=Hahnemann%2C+Samuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> Translator: Charles H. Devrient, Esq. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rpharms.com/resources/quick-reference-guides/homeopathy">"Homeopathy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Pharmaceutical_Society" title="Royal Pharmaceutical Society">Royal Pharmaceutical Society</a>. Retrieved November 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Pharmaceutical+Society&rft.atitle=Homeopathy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rpharms.com%2Fresources%2Fquick-reference-guides%2Fhomeopathy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/homeopathy/">"Homeopathy"</a>. nhs.uk. October 18, 2017. Retrieved November 10, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nhs.uk&rft.atitle=Homeopathy&rft.date=2017-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhs.uk%2Fconditions%2Fhomeopathy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShangHuwiler-MüntenerNarteyJüni2005" class="citation journal cs1">Shang, Aijing; Huwiler-Müntener, Karin; Nartey, Linda; Jüni, Peter; Dörig, Stephan; Sterne, Jonathan AC; Pewsner, Daniel; Egger, Matthias (2005). "Are the clinical effects of homoeopathy placebo effects? Comparative study of placebo-controlled trials of homoeopathy and allopathy". The Lancet. 366 (9487): 726–32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2805%2967177-2">10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67177-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16125589">16125589</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17939264">17939264</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet&rft.atitle=Are+the+clinical+effects+of+homoeopathy+placebo+effects%3F+Comparative+study+of+placebo-controlled+trials+of+homoeopathy+and+allopathy&rft.volume=366&rft.issue=9487&rft.pages=726-32&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A17939264%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16125589&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2805%2967177-2&rft.aulast=Shang&rft.aufirst=Aijing&rft.au=Huwiler-M%C3%BCntener%2C+Karin&rft.au=Nartey%2C+Linda&rft.au=J%C3%BCni%2C+Peter&rft.au=D%C3%B6rig%2C+Stephan&rft.au=Sterne%2C+Jonathan+AC&rft.au=Pewsner%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Egger%2C+Matthias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnst2012" class="citation journal cs1">Ernst, E. (December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csicop.org/si/show/homeopathy_a_critique_of_current_clinical_research">"Homeopathy: a critique of current clinical research"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a>. 36 (6).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skeptical+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Homeopathy%3A+a+critique+of+current+clinical+research&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.date=2012-12&rft.aulast=Ernst&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csicop.org%2Fsi%2Fshow%2Fhomeopathy_a_critique_of_current_clinical_research&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130316003948/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/pharmacologicalandbiologicaltreatment/homeopathy">"Homeopathy"</a>. American Cancer Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/pharmacologicalandbiologicaltreatment/homeopathy">the original</a> on March 16, 2013. Retrieved October 12, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homeopathy&rft.pub=American+Cancer+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancer.org%2Ftreatment%2Ftreatmentsandsideeffects%2Fcomplementaryandalternativemedicine%2Fpharmacologicalandbiologicaltreatment%2Fhomeopathy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li><li>UK Parliamentary Committee Science and Technology Committee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/science-and-technology-committee/inquiries/homeopathy-/">"Evidence Check 2: Homeopathy"</a> </li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimes2012" class="citation journal cs1">Grimes, D.R. (2012). "Proposed mechanisms for homeopathy are physically impossible". Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies. 17 (3): 149–55. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.2042-7166.2012.01162.x">10.1111/j.2042-7166.2012.01162.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Focus+on+Alternative+and+Complementary+Therapies&rft.atitle=Proposed+mechanisms+for+homeopathy+are+physically+impossible&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=149-55&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.2042-7166.2012.01162.x&rft.aulast=Grimes&rft.aufirst=D.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.easac.eu/fileadmin/PDF_s/reports_statements/EASAC_Homepathy_statement_web_final.pdf">"Homeopathic products and practices: assessing the evidence and ensuring consistency in regulating medical claims in the EU"</a> (PDF). European Academies' Science Advisory Council. September 2017. p. 1. Retrieved October 1, 2017. <q>... we agree with previous extensive evaluations concluding that there are no known diseases for which there is robust, reproducible evidence that homeopathy is effective beyond the placebo effect.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Academies%27+Science+Advisory+Council&rft.atitle=Homeopathic+products+and+practices%3A+assessing+the+evidence+and+ensuring+consistency+in+regulating+medical+claims+in+the+EU&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2017-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.easac.eu%2Ffileadmin%2FPDF_s%2Freports_statements%2FEASAC_Homepathy_statement_web_final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr.1842" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr" class="mw-redirect" title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr">Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.</a> (1842). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/64340260R.nlm.nih.gov">Homoeopathy and its kindred delusions: Two lectures delivered before the Boston Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge</a>. Boston.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homoeopathy+and+its+kindred+delusions%3A+Two+lectures+delivered+before+the+Boston+Society+for+the+Diffusion+of+Useful+Knowledge&rft.place=Boston&rft.date=1842&rft.au=Oliver+Wendell+Holmes+Sr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F64340260R.nlm.nih.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> as reprinted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr.1861" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr" class="mw-redirect" title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr">Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.</a> (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011611362">Currents and counter-currents in medical science</a>. Ticknor and Fields. pp. 72–188. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1544161">1544161</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL14731800M">14731800M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Currents+and+counter-currents+in+medical+science&rft.pages=72-188&rft.pub=Ticknor+and+Fields&rft.date=1861&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1544161&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL14731800M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.au=Oliver+Wendell+Holmes+Sr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F011611362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-shang-7"><a href="#cite_ref-shang_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShangHuwiler-MüntenerNarteyJüni2005" class="citation journal cs1">Shang, Aijing; Huwiler-Müntener, Karin; Nartey, Linda; Jüni, Peter; Dörig, Stephan; Sterne, Jonathan AC; Pewsner, Daniel; Egger, Matthias (2005). "Are the clinical effects of homoeopathy placebo effects? Comparative study of placebo-controlled trials of homoeopathy and allopathy". The Lancet. 366 (9487): 726–32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2805%2967177-2">10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67177-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16125589">16125589</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17939264">17939264</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet&rft.atitle=Are+the+clinical+effects+of+homoeopathy+placebo+effects%3F+Comparative+study+of+placebo-controlled+trials+of+homoeopathy+and+allopathy&rft.volume=366&rft.issue=9487&rft.pages=726-32&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A17939264%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16125589&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2805%2967177-2&rft.aulast=Shang&rft.aufirst=Aijing&rft.au=Huwiler-M%C3%BCntener%2C+Karin&rft.au=Nartey%2C+Linda&rft.au=J%C3%BCni%2C+Peter&rft.au=D%C3%B6rig%2C+Stephan&rft.au=Sterne%2C+Jonathan+AC&rft.au=Pewsner%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Egger%2C+Matthias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid124926032-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid124926032_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid124926032_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid124926032_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid124926032_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid124926032_8-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnst2002" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edzard_Ernst" title="Edzard Ernst">Ernst, E.</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1874503">"A systematic review of systematic reviews of homeopathy"</a>. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 54 (6): 577–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2125.2002.01699.x">10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.01699.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1874503">1874503</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12492603">12492603</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=A+systematic+review+of+systematic+reviews+of+homeopathy&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=577-82&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1874503%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12492603&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1365-2125.2002.01699.x&rft.aulast=Ernst&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1874503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-inquiry_4504-9"><a href="#cite_ref-inquiry_4504_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmsctech/45/4504.htm">"Evidence Check 2: Homeopathy – Science and Technology Committee"</a>. <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">British House of Commons</a> Science and Technology Committee. February 22, 2010. Retrieved April 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evidence+Check+2%3A+Homeopathy+%E2%80%93+Science+and+Technology+Committee&rft.pub=British+House+of+Commons+Science+and+Technology+Committee&rft.date=2010-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm200910%2Fcmselect%2Fcmsctech%2F45%2F4504.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caulfield20053-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Caulfield20053_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caulfield20053_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaulfieldDebow2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Caulfield" title="Timothy Caulfield">Caulfield, Timothy</a>; Debow, Suzanne (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1177924">"A systematic review of how homeopathy is represented in conventional and CAM peer reviewed journals"</a>. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 5: 12. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1472-6882-5-12">10.1186/1472-6882-5-12</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1177924">1177924</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15955254">15955254</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Complementary+and+Alternative+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+systematic+review+of+how+homeopathy+is+represented+in+conventional+and+CAM+peer+reviewed+journals&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=12&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1177924%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15955254&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1472-6882-5-12&rft.aulast=Caulfield&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.au=Debow%2C+Suzanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1177924&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sbm-fun-11"><a href="#cite_ref-sbm-fun_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorski2008" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Gorski" title="David Gorski">Gorski, David</a> (October 13, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/fun-with-homeopaths-and-meta-analyses-of-homeopathy-trials/">"Fun with homeopaths and meta-analyses of homeopathy trials"</a>. Science-Based Medicine. Retrieved November 9, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science-Based+Medicine&rft.atitle=Fun+with+homeopaths+and+meta-analyses+of+homeopathy+trials&rft.date=2008-10-13&rft.aulast=Gorski&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsciencebasedmedicine.org%2Ffun-with-homeopaths-and-meta-analyses-of-homeopathy-trials%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shelton-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shelton_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shelton_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shelton_12-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shelton_12-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shelton_12-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shelton_12-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShelton2004" class="citation book cs1">Shelton, JW (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/homeopathyhowitr0000shel">Homeopathy: How it really works</a>. Amherst, New York: <a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Books" title="Prometheus Books">Prometheus Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59102-109-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59102-109-4"><bdi>978-1-59102-109-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homeopathy%3A+How+it+really+works&rft.place=Amherst%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-59102-109-4&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=JW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhomeopathyhowitr0000shel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ernst20102-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ernst20102_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ernst20102_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnst2010" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edzard_Ernst" title="Edzard Ernst">Ernst, E.</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2010/192/8/homeopathy-what-does-best-evidence-tell-us">"Homeopathy: What does the "best" evidence tell us?"</a>. Medical Journal of Australia. 192 (8): 458–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5694%2Fj.1326-5377.2010.tb03585.x">10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03585.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20402610">20402610</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:42180344">42180344</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+Journal+of+Australia&rft.atitle=Homeopathy%3A+What+does+the+%22best%22+evidence+tell+us%3F&rft.volume=192&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=458-60&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A42180344%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20402610&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5694%2Fj.1326-5377.2010.tb03585.x&rft.aulast=Ernst&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mja.com.au%2Fjournal%2F2010%2F192%2F8%2Fhomeopathy-what-does-best-evidence-tell-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baran2014-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Baran2014_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaranKianaSamuel2014" class="citation book cs1">Baran GR, Kiana MF, Samuel SP (2014). "Science, Pseudoscience, and Not Science: How do They Differ?". Healthcare and Biomedical Technology in the 21st Century. Springer. pp. 19–57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4614-8541-4_2">10.1007/978-1-4614-8541-4_2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4614-8540-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4614-8540-7"><bdi>978-1-4614-8540-7</bdi></a>. <q>within the traditional medical community it is considered to be quackery</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Science%2C+Pseudoscience%2C+and+Not+Science%3A+How+do+They+Differ%3F&rft.btitle=Healthcare+and+Biomedical+Technology+in+the+21st+Century&rft.pages=19-57&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4614-8541-4_2&rft.isbn=978-1-4614-8540-7&rft.aulast=Baran&rft.aufirst=GR&rft.au=Kiana%2C+MF&rft.au=Samuel%2C+SP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walport-Nonsense-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Walport-Nonsense_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2013" class="citation news cs1">Collins, Nick (April 18, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130420234704/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/10003680/Homeopathy-is-nonsense-says-new-chief-scientist.html">"Homeopathy is nonsense, says new chief scientist"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/10003680/Homeopathy-is-nonsense-says-new-chief-scientist.html">the original</a> on April 20, 2013. Retrieved September 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Homeopathy+is+nonsense%2C+says+new+chief+scientist&rft.date=2013-04-18&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fhealth%2Fhealthnews%2F10003680%2FHomeopathy-is-nonsense-says-new-chief-scientist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oxcompus-16"><a href="#cite_ref-oxcompus_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_S._Boyer2001" class="citation book cs1">Paul S. Boyer (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00paul_0">The Oxford companion to United States history</a>. Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00paul_0/page/630">630</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-508209-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-508209-8"><bdi>978-0-19-508209-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved January 15, 2013. <q>After 1847, when regular doctors organized the American Medical Association (AMA), that body led the war on "quackery", especially targeting dissenting medical groups such as homeopaths, who prescribed infinitesimally small doses of medicine. Ironically, even as the AMA attacked all homeopathy as quackery, educated homeopathic physicians were expelling untrained quacks from their ranks.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+companion+to+United+States+history&rft.pages=630&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-508209-8&rft.au=Paul+S.+Boyer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordcompaniont00paul_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Conversation-NHMRC-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Conversation-NHMRC_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusgrave2014" class="citation news cs1">Musgrave, I (April 8, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/no-evidence-homeopathy-is-effective-nhmrc-review-25368">"No evidence homeopathy is effective: NHMRC review"</a>. The Conversation. Retrieved January 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=No+evidence+homeopathy+is+effective%3A+NHMRC+review&rft.date=2014-04-08&rft.aulast=Musgrave&rft.aufirst=I&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fno-evidence-homeopathy-is-effective-nhmrc-review-25368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/swiss-make-new-year-s-regulations/31867422">"Swiss make New Year's regulations"</a>. Swiss Info. January 2012. Retrieved December 16, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swiss+make+New+Year%27s+regulations&rft.pub=Swiss+Info&rft.date=2012-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Feng%2Fswiss-make-new-year-s-regulations%2F31867422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/homeopathy-nonsense-risk-harm-29-european-academies-science-advisory-council-remedies-a7963786.html">"Homeopathic remedies are 'nonsense and risk significant harm' say 29 European scientific bodies"</a>. The Independent. September 23, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Homeopathic+remedies+are+%27nonsense+and+risk+significant+harm%27+say+29+European+scientific+bodies&rft.date=2017-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fhome-news%2Fhomeopathy-nonsense-risk-harm-29-european-academies-science-advisory-council-remedies-a7963786.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://klnran.ru/en/2017/02/memorandum02-homeopathy/">"Memorandum #2. Homeopathy as pseudoscience"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Pseudoscience" title="Commission on Pseudoscience">Commission on Pseudoscience</a>. February 7, 2017. Retrieved June 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commission+on+Pseudoscience&rft.atitle=Memorandum+%232.+Homeopathy+as+pseudoscience&rft.date=2017-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fklnran.ru%2Fen%2F2017%2F02%2Fmemorandum02-homeopathy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/07/21/nhs-ban-homeopathy-herbal-medicine-misuse-resources/">"NHS to ban homeopathy and herbal medicine, as 'misuse of resources'"</a>. Daily Telegraph. July 21, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/07/21/nhs-ban-homeopathy-herbal-medicine-misuse-resources/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=NHS+to+ban+homeopathy+and+herbal+medicine%2C+as+%27misuse+of+resources%27&rft.date=2017-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2017%2F07%2F21%2Fnhs-ban-homeopathy-herbal-medicine-misuse-resources%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TNHS-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TNHS_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNHS_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonnelly2018" class="citation news cs1">Donnelly, Laura (June 5, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2018/06/05/high-court-backs-nhs-decision-stop-funding-homeopathy/">"High Court backs NHS decision to stop funding homeopathy"</a>. Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2018/06/05/high-court-backs-nhs-decision-stop-funding-homeopathy/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved August 26, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=High+Court+backs+NHS+decision+to+stop+funding+homeopathy&rft.date=2018-06-05&rft.aulast=Donnelly&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fscience%2F2018%2F06%2F05%2Fhigh-court-backs-nhs-decision-stop-funding-homeopathy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-blacklist-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc-blacklist_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc-blacklist_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallagher2015" class="citation news cs1">Gallagher, James (November 13, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-34744858">"Homeopathy 'could be blacklisted'"</a>. BBC News. Retrieved December 5, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Homeopathy+%27could+be+blacklisted%27&rft.date=2015-11-13&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fhealth-34744858&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GuardianFrance-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GuardianFrance_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GuardianFrance_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/10/france-to-stop-reimbursing-patients-for-homeopathic-treatment">"France to stop reimbursing patients for homeopathy"</a>. The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. July 10, 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved July 30, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=France+to+stop+reimbursing+patients+for+homeopathy&rft.date=2019-07-10&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fjul%2F10%2Ffrance-to-stop-reimbursing-patients-for-homeopathic-treatment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FranceEndFunding2021-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FranceEndFunding2021_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FranceEndFunding2021_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FranceEndFunding2021_25-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/medicament/homeopathie/homeopathie-2021-signe-la-fin-du-remboursement_4240961.html">"Homéopathie: 2021 signe la fin du remboursement"</a>. France Info. January 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hom%C3%A9opathie%3A+2021+signe+la+fin+du+remboursement&rft.pub=France+Info&rft.date=2021-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Fsante%2Fmedicament%2Fhomeopathie%2Fhomeopathie-2021-signe-la-fin-du-remboursement_4240961.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-El_Pais_2019-07-30-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-El_Pais_2019-07-30_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-El_Pais_2019-07-30_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGüell2018" class="citation news cs1">Güell, Oriol (November 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/elpais/2018/11/14/inenglish/1542203925_514487.html">"Spain moves to ban pseudo-therapies from universities and health centers"</a>. El País. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1134-6582">1134-6582</a>. Retrieved July 30, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Spain+moves+to+ban+pseudo-therapies+from+universities+and+health+centers&rft.date=2018-11-14&rft.issn=1134-6582&rft.aulast=G%C3%BCell&rft.aufirst=Oriol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Felpais%2F2018%2F11%2F14%2Finenglish%2F1542203925_514487.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoudon2006" class="citation journal cs1">Loudon, Irvine (December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1676328">"A brief history of homeopathy"</a>. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 99 (12): 607–610. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F014107680609901206">10.1177/014107680609901206</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0141-0768">0141-0768</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1676328">1676328</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17139061">17139061</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+brief+history+of+homeopathy&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=607-610&rft.date=2006-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1676328%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0141-0768&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17139061&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F014107680609901206&rft.aulast=Loudon&rft.aufirst=Irvine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1676328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lasagna-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Lasagna_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLasagna_L1970" class="citation book cs1">Lasagna L (1970) [1962]. The doctors' dilemmas. New York: Collier Books. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8369-1669-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8369-1669-0"><bdi>978-0-8369-1669-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+doctors%27+dilemmas&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Collier+Books&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-8369-1669-0&rft.au=Lasagna+L&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-isbn0-393-06661-4-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-isbn0-393-06661-4_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-isbn0-393-06661-4_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdzard_ErnstSingh,_Simon2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edzard_Ernst" title="Edzard Ernst">Edzard Ernst</a>; <a href="/wiki/Simon_Singh" title="Simon Singh">Singh, Simon</a> (2008). <a href="/wiki/Trick_or_Treatment:_The_Undeniable_Facts_about_Alternative_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Trick or Treatment: The Undeniable Facts about Alternative Medicine">Trick or Treatment: The Undeniable Facts about Alternative Medicine</a>. New York: W. W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06661-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06661-6"><bdi>978-0-393-06661-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trick+or+Treatment%3A+The+Undeniable+Facts+about+Alternative+Medicine&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-393-06661-6&rft.au=Edzard+Ernst&rft.au=Singh%2C+Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pray2003-30"><a href="#cite_ref-Pray2003_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW._Steven_Pray2003" class="citation book cs1">W. Steven Pray (August 1, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uadgq04eLr0C&pg=PA192">a History of Nonprescription Product Regulation</a>. Psychology Press. p. 192. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7890-1538-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7890-1538-9"><bdi>978-0-7890-1538-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved January 21, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=a+History+of+Nonprescription+Product+Regulation&rft.pages=192&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7890-1538-9&rft.au=W.+Steven+Pray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Duadgq04eLr0C%26pg%3DPA192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDean_ME2001" class="citation journal cs1">Dean ME (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060101084902/http://www.shpltd.co.uk/dean-homeopathy.pdf">"Homeopathy and "the progress of science""</a> (PDF). Hist Sci. 39 (125 Pt 3): 255–83. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001HisSc..39..255E">2001HisSc..39..255E</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F007327530103900301">10.1177/007327530103900301</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11712570">11712570</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23943688">23943688</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shpltd.co.uk/dean-homeopathy.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on January 1, 2006. Retrieved March 31, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hist+Sci&rft.atitle=Homeopathy+and+%22the+progress+of+science%22&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=125+Pt+3&rft.pages=255-83&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F007327530103900301&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23943688%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11712570&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001HisSc..39..255E&rft.au=Dean+ME&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shpltd.co.uk%2Fdean-homeopathy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whorton2004-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Whorton2004_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhorton_JC2004" class="citation book cs1">Whorton JC (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RU0DndWVSPoC&pg=PA18">Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press_US" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University Press US">Oxford University Press US</a>. pp. 18, 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517162-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517162-4"><bdi>978-0-19-517162-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature+Cures%3A+The+History+of+Alternative+Medicine+in+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=18%2C+52&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+US&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-517162-4&rft.au=Whorton+JC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRU0DndWVSPoC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UllmanReichenberg-Ullman1994-33"><a href="#cite_ref-UllmanReichenberg-Ullman1994_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_W._UllmanJudyth_Reichenberg-Ullman1994" class="citation book cs1">Robert W. Ullman; Judyth Reichenberg-Ullman (October 1, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/patientsguidetoh00robe">The patient's guide to homeopathic medicine</a>. Picnic Point Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/patientsguidetoh00robe/page/1">1</a>–2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9640654-2-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9640654-2-0"><bdi>978-0-9640654-2-0</bdi></a>. Retrieved January 24, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+patient%27s+guide+to+homeopathic+medicine&rft.pages=1-2&rft.pub=Picnic+Point+Press&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.isbn=978-0-9640654-2-0&rft.au=Robert+W.+Ullman&rft.au=Judyth+Reichenberg-Ullman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpatientsguidetoh00robe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerrellShalts2002" class="citation journal cs1">Merrell, Woodson C.; Shalts, Edward (2002). "Homeopathy". The Medical Clinics of North America. 86 (1): 47–62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0025-7125%2803%2900071-3">10.1016/s0025-7125(03)00071-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0025-7125">0025-7125</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11795090">11795090</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Medical+Clinics+of+North+America&rft.atitle=Homeopathy&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=47-62&rft.date=2002&rft.issn=0025-7125&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11795090&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0025-7125%2803%2900071-3&rft.aulast=Merrell&rft.aufirst=Woodson+C.&rft.au=Shalts%2C+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirk-35"><a href="#cite_ref-Kirk_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._D._WhiteJohn_Hugh_McQuillenGeorge_Jacob_ZieglerJames_William_White1894" class="citation journal cs1">J. D. White; John Hugh McQuillen; George Jacob Ziegler; James William White; Edward Cameron Kirk; Lovick Pierce Anthony, eds. (December 1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/dencos/acf8385.0036.001/1050:349?didno=ACF8385.0036.001;rgn=full+text;view=image">"A wail from the waste-basket"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Dental_Cosmos" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dental Cosmos">The Dental Cosmos</a> (editorial). 36 (12): 1030–32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Dental+Cosmos&rft.atitle=A+wail+from+the+waste-basket&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1030-32&rft.date=1894-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquod.lib.umich.edu%2Fd%2Fdencos%2Facf8385.0036.001%2F1050%3A349%3Fdidno%3DACF8385.0036.001%3Brgn%3Dfull%2Btext%3Bview%3Dimage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holmes-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holmes_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holmes_36-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holmes_36-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr.1842" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr" class="mw-redirect" title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr">Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.</a> (1842). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/64340260R.nlm.nih.gov">Homoeopathy and its kindred delusions: Two lectures delivered before the Boston Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge</a>. Boston.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homoeopathy+and+its+kindred+delusions%3A+Two+lectures+delivered+before+the+Boston+Society+for+the+Diffusion+of+Useful+Knowledge&rft.place=Boston&rft.date=1842&rft.au=Oliver+Wendell+Holmes+Sr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F64340260R.nlm.nih.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> as reprinted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr.1861" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr" class="mw-redirect" title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr">Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.</a> (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011611362">Currents and counter-currents in medical science</a>. Ticknor and Fields. pp. 72–188. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1544161">1544161</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL14731800M">14731800M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Currents+and+counter-currents+in+medical+science&rft.pages=72-188&rft.pub=Ticknor+and+Fields&rft.date=1861&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1544161&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL14731800M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.au=Oliver+Wendell+Holmes+Sr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F011611362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atwood-BTTF1-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Atwood-BTTF1_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtwood2008" class="citation web cs1">Atwood, Kimball (January 4, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/homeopathy-and-evidence-based-medicine-back-to-the-future-part-i/">"Homeopathy and evidence-based medicine: back to the future"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science_Based_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Based Medicine">Science Based Medicine</a>. Retrieved September 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homeopathy+and+evidence-based+medicine%3A+back+to+the+future&rft.pub=Science+Based+Medicine&rft.date=2008-01-04&rft.aulast=Atwood&rft.aufirst=Kimball&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencebasedmedicine.org%2Fhomeopathy-and-evidence-based-medicine-back-to-the-future-part-i%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haehl1922-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Haehl1922_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haehl1922_38-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Haehl1922" class="citation book cs1">Richard Haehl (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q80gR6OxDVsC&pg=PA101">Samuel Hahnemann: His Life and Work: Based on Recently Discovered State Papers, Documents, Letters, Etc</a>. B. Jain Publishers. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7021-693-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7021-693-3"><bdi>978-81-7021-693-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved January 24, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Samuel+Hahnemann%3A+His+Life+and+Work%3A+Based+on+Recently+Discovered+State+Papers%2C+Documents%2C+Letters%2C+Etc&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=B.+Jain+Publishers&rft.date=1922&rft.isbn=978-81-7021-693-3&rft.au=Richard+Haehl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ80gR6OxDVsC%26pg%3DPA101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirschmann2004-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Kirschmann2004_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnne_Taylor_Kirschmann2004" class="citation book cs1">Anne Taylor Kirschmann (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vitalforcewomeni0000kirs">A vital force: women in American homeopathy</a>. Rutgers University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vitalforcewomeni0000kirs/page/11">11</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-3320-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-3320-9"><bdi>978-0-8135-3320-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved January 28, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+vital+force%3A+women+in+American+homeopathy&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-3320-9&rft.au=Anne+Taylor+Kirschmann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvitalforcewomeni0000kirs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dynamization_and_Dilution-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dynamization_and_Dilution_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dynamization_and_Dilution_40-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020826082134/http://altmed.creighton.edu/Homeopathy/philosophy/dilution.htm">"Dynamization and dilution"</a>. Complementary and Alternative Medicine. <a href="/wiki/Creighton_University" title="Creighton University">Creighton University</a> Department of Pharmacology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://altmed.creighton.edu/Homeopathy/philosophy/dilution.htm">the original</a> on August 26, 2002. Retrieved March 24, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Complementary+and+Alternative+Medicine&rft.atitle=Dynamization+and+dilution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faltmed.creighton.edu%2FHomeopathy%2Fphilosophy%2Fdilution.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Organon_5th_269-41"><a href="#cite_ref-Organon_5th_269_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahnemann_S1833" class="citation book cs1">Hahnemann S (1833). The organon of the healing art (5th ed.). Keats Pub. aphorism 269. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87983-228-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87983-228-5"><bdi>978-0-87983-228-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+organon+of+the+healing+art&rft.pages=aphorism+269&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Keats+Pub.&rft.date=1833&rft.isbn=978-0-87983-228-5&rft.au=Hahnemann+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988">. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahnemann_S1842" class="citation book cs1">Hahnemann S (1842). The organon of the healing art (6th ed.). Keats Pub. (published 1921). aphorism 270. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87983-228-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87983-228-5"><bdi>978-0-87983-228-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+organon+of+the+healing+art&rft.pages=aphorism+270&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Keats+Pub.&rft.date=1842&rft.isbn=978-0-87983-228-5&rft.au=Hahnemann+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-homhist1-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-homhist1_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-homhist1_42-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-homhist1_42-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070705095116/http://altmed.creighton.edu/Homeopathy/history.htm">"History of Homeopathy"</a>. Creighton University Department of Pharmacology. July 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://altmed.creighton.edu/Homeopathy/history.htm">the original</a> on July 5, 2007. Retrieved July 23, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Homeopathy&rft.pub=Creighton+University+Department+of+Pharmacology&rft.date=2007-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faltmed.creighton.edu%2FHomeopathy%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ClarkeClarke2001-43"><a href="#cite_ref-ClarkeClarke2001_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Henry_Clarke2001" class="citation book cs1">John Henry Clarke (January 1, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUGIWuo4qc8C&pg=PA22">Homeopathy explained</a>. Nanopathy. pp. 22–. GGKEY:JWCD56EF80T. Retrieved January 12, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homeopathy+explained&rft.pages=22-&rft.pub=Nanopathy&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.au=John+Henry+Clarke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZUGIWuo4qc8C%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grimes2012-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Grimes2012_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimes,_D._R.2012" class="citation journal cs1">Grimes, D. R. (2012). "Proposed mechanisms for homeopathy are physically impossible". <a href="/wiki/Focus_on_Alternative_and_Complementary_Therapies" title="Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies">Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies</a>. 17 (3): 154. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.2042-7166.2012.01162.x">10.1111/j.2042-7166.2012.01162.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Focus+on+Alternative+and+Complementary+Therapies&rft.atitle=Proposed+mechanisms+for+homeopathy+are+physically+impossible&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=154&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.2042-7166.2012.01162.x&rft.au=Grimes%2C+D.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-miasms-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-miasms_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miasms_45-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing_S" class="citation web cs1">King S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090307120146/http://homepage.ntlworld.com/homeopathy_advice/Theory/Intermediate/miasm.html">"Miasms in homeopathy"</a>. Classical homeopathy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.ntlworld.com/homeopathy_advice/Theory/Intermediate/miasm.html">the original</a> on March 7, 2009. Retrieved March 25, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Classical+homeopathy&rft.atitle=Miasms+in+homeopathy&rft.au=King+S&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhomepage.ntlworld.com%2Fhomeopathy_advice%2FTheory%2FIntermediate%2Fmiasm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard_JW1937" class="citation journal cs1">Ward JW (July 1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homeoint.org/cazalet/ward/historycase.htm">"Taking the history of the case"</a>. Pacific Coast Journal of Homeopathy. Retrieved October 22, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Coast+Journal+of+Homeopathy&rft.atitle=Taking+the+history+of+the+case&rft.date=1937-07&rft.au=Ward+JW&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhomeoint.org%2Fcazalet%2Fward%2Fhistorycase.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-homphilo-47"><a href="#cite_ref-homphilo_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091231160035/http://altmed.creighton.edu/Homeopathy/philosophy/cause.htm">"Cause of disease in homeopathy"</a>. Creighton University Department of Pharmacology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://altmed.creighton.edu/Homeopathy/philosophy/cause.htm">the original</a> on December 31, 2009. Retrieved July 23, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cause+of+disease+in+homeopathy&rft.pub=Creighton+University+Department+of+Pharmacology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faltmed.creighton.edu%2FHomeopathy%2Fphilosophy%2Fcause.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelmuth1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Helmuth, William Tod (1911). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Homoeopathy">"Homoeopathy" </a>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 645.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Homoeopathy&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=645&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Helmuth&rft.aufirst=William+Tod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hahnemann_Chronic-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Hahnemann_Chronic_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahnemann_S1828" class="citation book cs1">Hahnemann S (1828). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xfk3AAAAMAAJ">Die chronischen Krankheiten, ihre eigenthümliche Natur und homöopathische Heilung [The chronic diseases, their specific nature and homoeopathic treatment]</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>: Arnoldische Buchhandlung.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+chronischen+Krankheiten%2C+ihre+eigenth%C3%BCmliche+Natur+und+hom%C3%B6opathische+Heilung+%5BThe+chronic+diseases%2C+their+specific+nature+and+homoeopathic+treatment%5D&rft.place=Dresden+and+Leipzig&rft.pub=Arnoldische+Buchhandlung&rft.date=1828&rft.au=Hahnemann+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXfk3AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller-50"><a href="#cite_ref-Miller_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Miller" title="Timothy Miller">Miller, Timothy</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americasalternat00mill/page/80">America's alternative religions</a>. State University of New York Press, Albany. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americasalternat00mill/page/80">80</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-2397-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-2397-4"><bdi>978-0-7914-2397-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%27s+alternative+religions&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press%2C+Albany&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-2397-4&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericasalternat00mill%2Fpage%2F80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Julian-51"><a href="#cite_ref-Julian_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215122834/http://www.wholehealthnow.com/homeopathy_pro/homeopathy_1825_1849.html">"Homeopathy Timeline"</a>. Whole Health Now. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wholehealthnow.com/homeopathy_pro/homeopathy_1825_1849.html">the original</a> on December 15, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Whole+Health+Now&rft.atitle=Homeopathy+Timeline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wholehealthnow.com%2Fhomeopathy_pro%2Fhomeopathy_1825_1849.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time19951125-52"><a href="#cite_ref-Time19951125_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToufexisColeHallanan1995" class="citation news cs1">Toufexis A, Cole W, Hallanan DB (September 25, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090614091356/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,983466,00.html">"Is homeopathy good medicine?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,983466,00.html">the original</a> on June 14, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Is+homeopathy+good+medicine%3F&rft.date=1995-09-25&rft.aulast=Toufexis&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Cole%2C+W&rft.au=Hallanan%2C+DB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C983466%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid8885813-53"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid8885813_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnstKaptchuk1996" class="citation journal cs1">Ernst, E.; Kaptchuk, TJ (1996). "Homeopathy revisited". Archives of Internal Medicine. 156 (19): 2162–4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Farchinte.156.19.2162">10.1001/archinte.156.19.2162</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8885813">8885813</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Internal+Medicine&rft.atitle=Homeopathy+revisited&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=2162-4&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Farchinte.156.19.2162&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8885813&rft.aulast=Ernst&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Kaptchuk%2C+TJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kaufmanm-54"><a href="#cite_ref-kaufmanm_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufman_M1971" class="citation book cs1">Kaufman M (1971). Homeopathy in America: The rise and fall of a medical heresy. <a href="/wiki/The_Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The Johns Hopkins University Press">The Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-1238-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-1238-5"><bdi>978-0-8018-1238-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homeopathy+in+America%3A+The+rise+and+fall+of+a+medical+heresy&rft.pub=The+Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-1238-5&rft.au=Kaufman+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoulter_HL1973" class="citation book cs1">Coulter HL (1973). Divided Legacy. Berkeley: North Atlantic. pp. II:544–46, III:267–70, 298–305. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9538442">9538442</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Divided+Legacy&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=II%3A544-46%2C+III%3A267-70%2C+298-305&rft.pub=North+Atlantic&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9538442&rft.au=Coulter+HL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Death rates in conventional hospitals were typically two- to eight-fold higher than in homeopathic hospitals for patients with these infectious diseases; see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradford_TL2007" class="citation book cs1">Bradford TL (2007) [1900]. The logic of figures or comparative results of homeopathic and other treatments. Kessinger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4304-8892-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4304-8892-7"><bdi>978-1-4304-8892-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+logic+of+figures+or+comparative+results+of+homeopathic+and+other+treatments&rft.pub=Kessinger&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4304-8892-7&rft.au=Bradford+TL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-John_Forbes-57"><a href="#cite_ref-John_Forbes_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForbes_J1846" class="citation book cs1">Forbes J (1846). Homeopathy, allopathy and young physic. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homeopathy%2C+allopathy+and+young+physic&rft.place=London&rft.date=1846&rft.au=Forbes+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson_JY1853" class="citation book cs1">Simpson JY (1853). Homoeopathy, its tenets and tendencies, theoretical, theological and therapeutical. Edinburgh: Sutherland & Knox. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homoeopathy%2C+its+tenets+and+tendencies%2C+theoretical%2C+theological+and+therapeutical&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Sutherland+%26+Knox&rft.date=1853&rft.au=Simpson+JY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen_JA1867" class="citation journal cs1">Allen JA, ed. (1867). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R08VAAAAYAAJ&q=leading+europe+abandoning&pg=PA268">"Homœopathists vs homœopathy"</a>. Chic Med J. 24 (6): 268–69. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9801777">9801777</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37412875">37412875</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chic+Med+J&rft.atitle=Hom%C5%93opathists+vs+hom%C5%93opathy&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=268-69&rft.date=1867&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9801777%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37412875&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR08VAAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dleading%2Beurope%2Babandoning%26pg%3DPA268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnst" class="citation news cs1">Ernst, Edzard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/standing-up-for-the-truth-about-homeopathy-and-nazi-medicine-1.2138835">"Standing up for the truth about homeopathy and Nazi medicine"</a>. The Irish Times. Retrieved October 26, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Standing+up+for+the+truth+about+homeopathy+and+Nazi+medicine&rft.aulast=Ernst&rft.aufirst=Edzard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fculture%2Fbooks%2Fstanding-up-for-the-truth-about-homeopathy-and-nazi-medicine-1.2138835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Unschuld2009-61"><a href="#cite_ref-Unschuld2009_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Ulrich_Unschuld2009" class="citation book cs1">Paul Ulrich Unschuld (August 9, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bPMTlS1pzEUC&pg=PA171">What Is Medicine?: Western and Eastern Approaches to Healing</a>. University of California Press. p. 171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-94470-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-94470-1"><bdi>978-0-520-94470-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved September 7, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Is+Medicine%3F%3A+Western+and+Eastern+Approaches+to+Healing&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2009-08-09&rft.isbn=978-0-520-94470-1&rft.au=Paul+Ulrich+Unschuld&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbPMTlS1pzEUC%26pg%3DPA171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081214115339/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,891760,00.html">"Homeopathic Hassle"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. August 20, 1956. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,891760,00.html">the original</a> on December 14, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Homeopathic+Hassle&rft.date=1956-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C891760%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rader-63"><a href="#cite_ref-rader_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRader_WM1985" class="citation news cs1">Rader WM (March 1, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homeowatch.org/history/fdac1.html">"Riding the coattails of homeopathy's revival"</a>. FDA Consumer Magazine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Riding+the+coattails+of+homeopathy%27s+revival&rft.date=1985-03-01&rft.au=Rader+WM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homeowatch.org%2Fhistory%2Ffdac1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid12614092-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid12614092_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid12614092_64-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonasTJ_KaptchukK_Linde2003" class="citation journal cs1">Jonas, WB; TJ Kaptchuk; K Linde (2003). "A critical overview of homeopathy". Annals of Internal Medicine. 138 (5): 393–99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7326%2F0003-4819-138-5-200303040-00009">10.7326/0003-4819-138-5-200303040-00009</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12614092">12614092</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22787732">22787732</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Internal+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+critical+overview+of+homeopathy&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=393-99&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A22787732%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12614092&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7326%2F0003-4819-138-5-200303040-00009&rft.aulast=Jonas&rft.aufirst=WB&rft.au=TJ+Kaptchuk&rft.au=K+Linde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLockie2000" class="citation book cs1">Lockie, Andrew (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediahome00lock_433">Encyclopedia of Homeopathy</a> (1st ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Dorling_Kindersley" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorling Kindersley">Dorling Kindersley</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediahome00lock_433/page/n20">19</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-1871-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-1871-1"><bdi>978-0-7566-1871-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Homeopathy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=19&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7566-1871-1&rft.aulast=Lockie&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediahome00lock_433&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hood2009-66"><a href="#cite_ref-Hood2009_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce_M._Hood2009" class="citation book cs1">Bruce M. Hood (April 7, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/supersensewhyweb00hood">SuperSense</a>. HarperCollins. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/supersensewhyweb00hood/page/157">157</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-186793-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-186793-4"><bdi>978-0-06-186793-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved September 7, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SuperSense&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2009-04-07&rft.isbn=978-0-06-186793-4&rft.au=Bruce+M.+Hood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsupersensewhyweb00hood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_T._Jarvis2001" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_T._Jarvis" title="William T. Jarvis">William T. Jarvis</a> (December 15, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homeowatch.org/articles/fdac2.html">"Response to Isadora Stehlin "Homeopathy: real medicine or empty promises?" (originally published in FDA Consumer April 1997)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Response+to+Isadora+Stehlin+%22Homeopathy%3A+real+medicine+or+empty+promises%3F%22+%28originally+published+in+FDA+Consumer+April+1997%29&rft.date=2001-12-15&rft.au=William+T.+Jarvis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homeowatch.org%2Farticles%2Ffdac2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-champe-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-champe_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-champe_68-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrockett2012" class="citation journal cs1">Crockett, Chambers (2012). "Death by homeopathy: issues for civil, criminal and coronial law and for health service policy". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 19 (3): 454–78. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22558899">22558899</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Law%2C+Medicine+%26+Ethics&rft.atitle=Death+by+homeopathy%3A+issues+for+civil%2C+criminal+and+coronial+law+and+for+health+service+policy&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=454-78&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22558899&rft.aulast=Crockett&rft.aufirst=Chambers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hri-research.org/resources/homeopathy-the-debate/the-australian-report-on-homeopathy/">"The Australian report"</a>. HRI Research. April 6, 2017. Retrieved August 13, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HRI+Research&rft.atitle=The+Australian+report&rft.date=2017-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hri-research.org%2Fresources%2Fhomeopathy-the-debate%2Fthe-australian-report-on-homeopathy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbusson2018" class="citation news cs1">Abusson, Kate (May 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/pharmacies-avoid-homeopathy-ban-as-government-parks-recommendations-20180503-p4zd94.html">"Pharmacies avoid homeopathy ban as government parks recommendations"</a>. Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved August 13, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Pharmacies+avoid+homeopathy+ban+as+government+parks+recommendations&rft.date=2018-05-03&rft.aulast=Abusson&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnational%2Fpharmacies-avoid-homeopathy-ban-as-government-parks-recommendations-20180503-p4zd94.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Science42115-71"><a href="#cite_ref-Science42115_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly_Servick2015" class="citation news cs1">Kelly Servick (April 21, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/content/article/fda-takes-new-look-homeopathy">"FDA takes new look at homeopathy"</a>. Science. Retrieved April 23, 2015. <q>Under FDA guidelines issued in 1988, a company can sell homeopathic products over the counter without demonstrating their safety or efficacy, and―unlike dietary supplements―their packaging can include claims about treating specific conditions, as long as they are "self-limiting" and not chronic. Such conditions include sprains, colds, or allergies.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=FDA+takes+new+look+at+homeopathy&rft.date=2015-04-21&rft.au=Kelly+Servick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2Ffda-takes-new-look-homeopathy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frazier_FDA_to_Reg-72"><a href="#cite_ref-Frazier_FDA_to_Reg_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrazier2018" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kendrick_Frazier" title="Kendrick Frazier">Frazier, Kendrick</a> (2018). "FDA to Regulate Some Homeopathic Products; CFI Hails Move". <a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a>. 42 (2): 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skeptical+Inquirer&rft.atitle=FDA+to+Regulate+Some+Homeopathic+Products%3B+CFI+Hails+Move&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=12&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Frazier&rft.aufirst=Kendrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CVS-73"><a href="#cite_ref-CVS_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://centerforinquiry.org/press_releases/cfi-sues-cvs/">"CENTER FOR INQUIRY SUES CVS FOR FRAUD OVER SALE OF HOMEOPATHIC FAKE MEDICINE"</a> (Press release). Center for Inquiry. July 9, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CENTER+FOR+INQUIRY+SUES+CVS+FOR+FRAUD+OVER+SALE+OF+HOMEOPATHIC+FAKE+MEDICINE&rft.pub=Center+for+Inquiry&rft.date=2018-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcenterforinquiry.org%2Fpress_releases%2Fcfi-sues-cvs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellamy2018" class="citation web cs1">Bellamy, Jann (July 19, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/cvs-sued-for-deceiving-consumers-in-sale-of-homeopathic-remedies/">"CVS sued for deceiving consumers in sale of homeopathic remedies"</a>. Science Based Medicine. Retrieved January 22, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+Based+Medicine&rft.atitle=CVS+sued+for+deceiving+consumers+in+sale+of+homeopathic+remedies&rft.date=2018-07-19&rft.aulast=Bellamy&rft.aufirst=Jann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsciencebasedmedicine.org%2Fcvs-sued-for-deceiving-consumers-in-sale-of-homeopathic-remedies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFidalgo2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Fidalgo, Paul (September 2019). "CFI sues Walmart for fraud for selling homeopathic fake medicine". <a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a>. Amherst, NY: Center for Inquiry.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skeptical+Inquirer&rft.atitle=CFI+sues+Walmart+for+fraud+for+selling+homeopathic+fake+medicine&rft.date=2019-09&rft.aulast=Fidalgo&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVyse2019" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Vyse" title="Stuart Vyse">Vyse, Stuart</a> (July 10, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skepticalinquirer.org/exclusive/what-should-become-of-a-monument-to-pseudoscience/">"What Should Become of a Monument to Pseudoscience?"</a>. Skeptical Inquirer. Center for Inquiry. Retrieved December 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Skeptical+Inquirer&rft.atitle=What+Should+Become+of+a+Monument+to+Pseudoscience%3F&rft.date=2019-07-10&rft.aulast=Vyse&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskepticalinquirer.org%2Fexclusive%2Fwhat-should-become-of-a-monument-to-pseudoscience%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CFISurvey_SI_2019-77"><a href="#cite_ref-CFISurvey_SI_2019_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrazier2019" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kendrick_Frazier" title="Kendrick Frazier">Frazier, Kendrick</a> (2019). "CFI survey on Homeopathy: Consumers feel scammed by Walmart and CVS". Skeptical Inquirer. 43 (6): 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skeptical+Inquirer&rft.atitle=CFI+survey+on+Homeopathy%3A+Consumers+feel+scammed+by+Walmart+and+CVS&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=7&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Frazier&rft.aufirst=Kendrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CFI_2019_Survey-78"><a href="#cite_ref-CFI_2019_Survey_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFidalgo2019" class="citation web cs1">Fidalgo, Paul (September 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://centerforinquiry.org/press_releases/consumers-feel-scammed-by-walmart-and-cvs-over-homeopathic-fake-medicine/">"CONSUMERS FEEL "SCAMMED" BY WALMART AND CVS OVER HOMEOPATHIC FAKE MEDICINE, SURVEY SHOWS"</a>. Center for Inquiry. Retrieved November 9, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Center+for+Inquiry&rft.atitle=CONSUMERS+FEEL+%22SCAMMED%22+BY+WALMART+AND+CVS+OVER+HOMEOPATHIC+FAKE+MEDICINE%2C+SURVEY+SHOWS&rft.date=2019-09-17&rft.aulast=Fidalgo&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcenterforinquiry.org%2Fpress_releases%2Fconsumers-feel-scammed-by-walmart-and-cvs-over-homeopathic-fake-medicine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-health-homeopathy/france-will-end-healthcare-refunds-for-homeopathic-drugs-idUSKCN1U42B6">"France will end healthcare refunds for homeopathic drugs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. July 9, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=France+will+end+healthcare+refunds+for+homeopathic+drugs&rft.date=2019-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-france-health-homeopathy%2Ffrance-will-end-healthcare-refunds-for-homeopathic-drugs-idUSKCN1U42B6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnsede2016" class="citation news cs1">Ansede, Manuel (March 4, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elpais.com/elpais/2016/03/01/ciencia/1456856774_534268.html">"La Universidad de Barcelona fulmina su máster de homeopatía"</a>. El País.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=La+Universidad+de+Barcelona+fulmina+su+m%C3%A1ster+de+homeopat%C3%ADa&rft.date=2016-03-04&rft.aulast=Ansede&rft.aufirst=Manuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Felpais%2F2016%2F03%2F01%2Fciencia%2F1456856774_534268.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.es/sociedad/abci-master-homeopatia-universidad-valencia-cancela-edicion-para-proximo-curso-201604072200_noticia.html">"El Máster de Homeopatía de la Universidad de Valencia cancela su edición para el próximo curso"</a>. Diario ABC. April 7, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+M%C3%A1ster+de+Homeopat%C3%ADa+de+la+Universidad+de+Valencia+cancela+su+edici%C3%B3n+para+el+pr%C3%B3ximo+curso.&rft.pub=Diario+ABC&rft.date=2016-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.es%2Fsociedad%2Fabci-master-homeopatia-universidad-valencia-cancela-edicion-para-proximo-curso-201604072200_noticia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Consumer_Reports-82"><a href="#cite_ref-Consumer_Reports_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/homeopathic-drugs-no-better-than-placebos/2015/12/18/037b3976-7750-11e5-a958-d889faf561dc_story.html">"Homeopathic drugs: No better than placebos?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. December 21, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Homeopathic+drugs%3A+No+better+than+placebos%3F&rft.date=2015-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational%2Fhealth-science%2Fhomeopathic-drugs-no-better-than-placebos%2F2015%2F12%2F18%2F037b3976-7750-11e5-a958-d889faf561dc_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Jonas: Mosby's Dictionary of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. (c) 2005, Elsevier </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid16322800-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid16322800_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid16322800_84-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellaviteConfortiPiasereOrtolani2005" class="citation journal cs1">Bellavite, Paolo; Conforti, Anita; Piasere, Valeria; Ortolani, Riccardo (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1297514">"Immunology and Homeopathy. 1. Historical Background"</a>. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2 (4): 441–52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fecam%2Fneh141">10.1093/ecam/neh141</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1297514">1297514</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16322800">16322800</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evidence-Based+Complementary+and+Alternative+Medicine&rft.atitle=Immunology+and+Homeopathy.+1.+Historical+Background&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=441-52&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1297514%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16322800&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fecam%2Fneh141&rft.aulast=Bellavite&rft.aufirst=Paolo&rft.au=Conforti%2C+Anita&rft.au=Piasere%2C+Valeria&rft.au=Ortolani%2C+Riccardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1297514&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathur_KN2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mathur KN (2003). Prinzipien der homöopathischen Verschreibung: Synopsis weltweiter klinischer Erfahrungen (in German). Georg Thieme Verlag. pp. 122–23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8304-9021-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8304-9021-0"><bdi>978-3-8304-9021-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/76518035">76518035</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prinzipien+der+hom%C3%B6opathischen+Verschreibung%3A+Synopsis+weltweiter+klinischer+Erfahrungen&rft.pages=122-23&rft.pub=Georg+Thieme+Verlag&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F76518035&rft.isbn=978-3-8304-9021-0&rft.au=Mathur+KN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170414063600/http://www.homeopathycenter.org/homeopathy-today/repertories-today-and-yesterday">"Repertories today and yesterday"</a>. National Center for Homeopathy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homeopathycenter.org/homeopathy-today/repertories-today-and-yesterday">the original</a> on April 14, 2017. Retrieved August 31, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Center+for+Homeopathy&rft.atitle=Repertories+today+and+yesterday&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homeopathycenter.org%2Fhomeopathy-today%2Frepertories-today-and-yesterday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vickers_1115–11182-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vickers_1115–11182_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vickers_1115–11182_87-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vickers_1115–11182_87-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVickersZollman1999" class="citation journal cs1">Vickers, Andrew; Zollman, Catherine (October 23, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1116906">"Homoeopathy"</a>. BMJ: British Medical Journal. 319 (7217): 1115–1118. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.319.7217.1115">10.1136/bmj.319.7217.1115</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0959-8138">0959-8138</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1116906">1116906</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10531108">10531108</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ%3A+British+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Homoeopathy&rft.volume=319&rft.issue=7217&rft.pages=1115-1118&rft.date=1999-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1116906%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0959-8138&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10531108&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.319.7217.1115&rft.aulast=Vickers&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Zollman%2C+Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1116906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stehlin-88"><a href="#cite_ref-Stehlin_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStehlin_I1996" class="citation web cs1">Stehlin I (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090924121418/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1370/is_n10_v30/ai_18979004/">"Homeopathy: Real medicine or empty promises?"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1370/is_n10_v30/ai_18979004/">the original</a> on September 24, 2009. Retrieved October 1, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homeopathy%3A+Real+medicine+or+empty+promises%3F&rft.pub=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.date=1996&rft.au=Stehlin+I&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_m1370%2Fis_n10_v30%2Fai_18979004%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO_Safety-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WHO_Safety_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO_Safety_89-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO_Safety_89-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO_Safety_89-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO_Safety_89-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO_Safety_89-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO_Safety_89-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO_Safety_89-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO_Safety_89-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/traditional/Homeopathy.pdf">"Safety issues in the preparation of homeopathic medicines"</a> (PDF). World Health Organization.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=Safety+issues+in+the+preparation+of+homeopathic+medicines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fmedicines%2Fareas%2Ftraditional%2FHomeopathy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theaahp.org/consumer-information/faqs/">"FAQs"</a>. The American Association of Homeopathic Pharmacists. Retrieved August 31, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Association+of+Homeopathic+Pharmacists&rft.atitle=FAQs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaahp.org%2Fconsumer-information%2Ffaqs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ernst2005-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ernst2005_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ernst2005_91-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnst2005" class="citation journal cs1">Ernst, E (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dcscience.net/ernst-tips-sept-2005.pdf">"Is homeopathy a clinically valuable approach?"</a> (PDF). Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 26 (11): 547–48. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.385.5505">10.1.1.385.5505</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tips.2005.09.003">10.1016/j.tips.2005.09.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16165225">16165225</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Pharmacological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Is+homeopathy+a+clinically+valuable+approach%3F&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=547-48&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.385.5505%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16165225&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tips.2005.09.003&rft.aulast=Ernst&rft.aufirst=E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dcscience.net%2Fernst-tips-sept-2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSagar2007" class="citation journal cs1">Sagar, SM (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1948865">"Homeopathy: Does a teaspoon of honey help the medicine go down?"</a>. Current Oncology. 14 (4): 126–27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3747%2Fco.2007.150">10.3747/co.2007.150</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1948865">1948865</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17710203">17710203</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Oncology&rft.atitle=Homeopathy%3A+Does+a+teaspoon+of+honey+help+the+medicine+go+down%3F&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=126-27&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1948865%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17710203&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3747%2Fco.2007.150&rft.aulast=Sagar&rft.aufirst=SM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1948865&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKayne_SB2006" class="citation book cs1">Kayne SB (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w2IFcHJYTSYC">Homeopathic pharmacy: theory and practice</a> (2 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-443-10160-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-443-10160-1"><bdi>978-0-443-10160-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homeopathic+pharmacy%3A+theory+and+practice&rft.pages=171&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-443-10160-1&rft.au=Kayne+SB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw2IFcHJYTSYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen2007" class="citation book cs1">Owen, David (January 1, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UZ72uQy385wC&q=Tautopathy&pg=PA56">Principles and Practice of Homeopathy: The Therapeutic and Healing Process</a>. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-443-10089-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-443-10089-5"><bdi>978-0-443-10089-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+and+Practice+of+Homeopathy%3A+The+Therapeutic+and+Healing+Process&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-443-10089-5&rft.aulast=Owen&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUZ72uQy385wC%26q%3DTautopathy%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLackRousseau2016" class="citation book cs1">Lack, Caleb W.; Rousseau, Jacques (March 8, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Miy2CwAAQBAJ&q=isopathy+pseudoscience&pg=PA206">Critical Thinking, Science, and Pseudoscience: Why We Can't Trust Our Brains</a>. Springer Publishing Company. p. 206. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8261-9426-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8261-9426-8"><bdi>978-0-8261-9426-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+Thinking%2C+Science%2C+and+Pseudoscience%3A+Why+We+Can%27t+Trust+Our+Brains&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=Springer+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2016-03-08&rft.isbn=978-0-8261-9426-8&rft.aulast=Lack&rft.aufirst=Caleb+W.&rft.au=Rousseau%2C+Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMiy2CwAAQBAJ%26q%3Disopathy%2Bpseudoscience%26pg%3DPA206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeThompson2007" class="citation journal cs1">Lee J, Thompson E (2007). "X-ray drug picture". The Homeopath. 26 (2): 43–48. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-3256">0263-3256</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Homeopath&rft.atitle=X-ray+drug+picture&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=43-48&rft.date=2007&rft.issn=0263-3256&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Thompson%2C+E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeThompson2007" class="citation journal cs1">Lee J, Thompson E (2007). "Postironium – the vastness of the universe knocks me off my feet". The Homeopath. 26 (2): 49–54. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-3256">0263-3256</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Homeopath&rft.atitle=Postironium+%E2%80%93+the+vastness+of+the+universe+knocks+me+off+my+feet&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=49-54&rft.date=2007&rft.issn=0263-3256&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Thompson%2C+E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKempf1906" class="citation journal cs1">Kempf, EJ (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1692573">"European Medicine: A Résumé of Medical Progress During the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries"</a>. Medical Library and Historical Journal. 4 (1): 86–100. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1692573">1692573</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18340908">18340908</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+Library+and+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=European+Medicine%3A+A+R%C3%A9sum%C3%A9+of+Medical+Progress+During+the+Eighteenth+and+Nineteenth+Centuries&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=86-100&rft.date=1906&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1692573%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18340908&rft.aulast=Kempf&rft.aufirst=EJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1692573&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-toie-99"><a href="#cite_ref-toie_99-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/Holi-Electro-homeopathy-clinics-to-be-sealed-after-the-festival/articleshow/12140070.cms">"Electro-homeopathy clinics to be sealed after Holi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. March 5, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Electro-homeopathy+clinics+to+be+sealed+after+Holi&rft.date=2012-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fkanpur%2FHoli-Electro-homeopathy-clinics-to-be-sealed-after-the-festival%2Farticleshow%2F12140070.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShah_R" class="citation web cs1">Shah R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070202082349/http://www.askdrshah.com/images/lancet.pdf">"Call for introspection and awakening"</a> (PDF). Life Force Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.askdrshah.com/images/lancet.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on February 2, 2007. Retrieved July 24, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Call+for+introspection+and+awakening&rft.pub=Life+Force+Center&rft.au=Shah+R&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.askdrshah.com%2Fimages%2Flancet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barwell-101"><a href="#cite_ref-Barwell_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarwell_B2000" class="citation journal cs1">Barwell B (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090726180731/http://www.homeopathy.ac.nz/editorials/2000/vol-20-no-3-june-2000-the-wo-wo-effect/">"The wo-wo effect"</a>. Homoeopathica. 20 (3). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homeopathy.ac.nz/editorials/2000/vol-20-no-3-june-2000-the-wo-wo-effect/">the original</a> on July 26, 2009. Retrieved April 2, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Homoeopathica&rft.atitle=The+wo-wo+effect&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Barwell+B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homeopathy.ac.nz%2Feditorials%2F2000%2Fvol-20-no-3-june-2000-the-wo-wo-effect%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanhaselen1999" class="citation journal cs1">Vanhaselen, R (1999). "The relationship between homeopathy and the Dr Bach system of flower remedies: A critical appraisal". British Homoeopathic Journal. 88 (3): 121–27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1054%2Fhomp.1999.0308">10.1054/homp.1999.0308</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10449052">10449052</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Homoeopathic+Journal&rft.atitle=The+relationship+between+homeopathy+and+the+Dr+Bach+system+of+flower+remedies%3A+A+critical+appraisal&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=121-27&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1054%2Fhomp.1999.0308&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10449052&rft.aulast=Vanhaselen&rft.aufirst=R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kayne_53-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kayne_53_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kayne_53_103-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKayne_SB2006" class="citation book cs1">Kayne SB (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w2IFcHJYTSYC&q=homeopathic%20proving%20method&pg=PA53">Homeopathic pharmacy: theory and practice</a> (2 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-443-10160-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-443-10160-1"><bdi>978-0-443-10160-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homeopathic+pharmacy%3A+theory+and+practice&rft.pages=53&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-443-10160-1&rft.au=Kayne+SB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw2IFcHJYTSYC%26q%3Dhomeopathic%2520proving%2520method%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121016234338/http://altmed.creighton.edu/Homeopathy/glossary.htm">"Glossary of Homeopathic Terms"</a>. Creighton University Department of Pharmacology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://altmed.creighton.edu/Homeopathy/Glossary.htm">the original</a> on October 16, 2012. Retrieved February 15, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glossary+of+Homeopathic+Terms&rft.pub=Creighton+University+Department+of+Pharmacology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faltmed.creighton.edu%2FHomeopathy%2FGlossary.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scilogs.com/in_scientio_veritas/homeopathy-diluted-out-of-existence/">"Homeopathy: Diluted out of existence?"</a>. scilogs.com/in_scientio_veritas. January 22, 2011. Retrieved June 15, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homeopathy%3A+Diluted+out+of+existence%3F&rft.pub=scilogs.com%2Fin_scientio_veritas&rft.date=2011-01-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scilogs.com%2Fin_scientio_veritas%2Fhomeopathy-diluted-out-of-existence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150821064849/http://www.ritecare.com/homeopathic/guide_potency.asp">"Homeopathic Medicine Potency or Dilution"</a>. ritecare.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ritecare.com/homeopathic/guide_potency.asp">the original</a> on August 21, 2015. Retrieved June 15, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homeopathic+Medicine+Potency+or+Dilution&rft.pub=ritecare.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ritecare.com%2Fhomeopathic%2Fguide_potency.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinston1989" class="citation journal cs1">Winston, Julian (April 1, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000707858980050X">"A brief history of potentizing machines"</a>. British Homoeopathic Journal. 78 (2): 59–68. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0007-0785%2889%2980050-X">10.1016/S0007-0785(89)80050-X</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0007-0785">0007-0785</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:71942187">71942187</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Homoeopathic+Journal&rft.atitle=A+brief+history+of+potentizing+machines&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=59-68&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A71942187%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0007-0785&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0007-0785%2889%2980050-X&rft.aulast=Winston&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS000707858980050X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150821064849/http://www.ritecare.com/homeopathic/guide_potency.asp">"Homeopathic Medicine Potency or Dilution"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ritecare.com/homeopathic/guide_potency.asp">the original</a> on August 21, 2015. Retrieved June 15, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homeopathic+Medicine+Potency+or+Dilution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ritecare.com%2Fhomeopathic%2Fguide_potency.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdlerAdler2006" class="citation journal cs1">Adler, U. C.; Adler, M. S. (2006). "Hahnemann's experiments with 50 millesimal potencies: a further review of his casebooks". Homeopathy. 95 (3): 171–181. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.homp.2006.03.003">10.1016/j.homp.2006.03.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1475-4916">1475-4916</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16815521">16815521</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3760829">3760829</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Homeopathy&rft.atitle=Hahnemann%27s+experiments+with+50+millesimal+potencies%3A+a+further+review+of+his+casebooks&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=171-181&rft.date=2006&rft.issn=1475-4916&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A3760829%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16815521&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.homp.2006.03.003&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.aufirst=U.+C.&rft.au=Adler%2C+M.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-homsim-110"><a href="#cite_ref-homsim_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070808051756/http://altmed.creighton.edu/Homeopathy/philosophy/similia.htm">"Similia similibus curentur (Like cures like)"</a>. Creighton University Department of Pharmacology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://altmed.creighton.edu/Homeopathy/philosophy/similia.htm">the original</a> on August 8, 2007. Retrieved August 20, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Similia+similibus+curentur+%28Like+cures+like%29&rft.pub=Creighton+University+Department+of+Pharmacology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faltmed.creighton.edu%2FHomeopathy%2Fphilosophy%2Fsimilia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPage_3" class="citation web cs1">Page 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903231608/http://www.ijopjournal.com/File_Folder/57-69.pdf">"Alternative Medicine: Homeopathy-A Review"</a> (PDF). International Journal of Pharmacotherapy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ijopjournal.com/File_Folder/57-69.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on September 3, 2015. Retrieved August 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alternative+Medicine%3A+Homeopathy-A+Review&rft.pub=International+Journal+of+Pharmacotherapy&rft.au=Page+3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ijopjournal.com%2FFile_Folder%2F57-69.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Organon_6th_128-112">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Organon_6th_128_112-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Organon_6th_128_112-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahnemann_S1921" class="citation book cs1">Hahnemann S (1921). The Organon of the Healing Art (6th ed.). Keats Pub. aphorism 128. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87983-228-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87983-228-5"><bdi>978-0-87983-228-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Organon+of+the+Healing+Art&rft.pages=aphorism+128&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Keats+Pub.&rft.date=1921&rft.isbn=978-0-87983-228-5&rft.au=Hahnemann+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Appendix2-113">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Appendix2_113-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Appendix2_113-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Appendix2_113-2">c</a> For further discussion of homeopathic dilutions and the mathematics involved, see <a href="/wiki/Homeopathic_dilutions" title="Homeopathic dilutions">Homeopathic dilutions</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bambridge-114"><a href="#cite_ref-Bambridge_114-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBambridge_AD1989" class="citation book cs1">Bambridge AD (1989). Homeopathy investigated. <a href="/wiki/Kent,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Kent, England">Kent</a>, England: Diasozo Trust. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-948171-20-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-948171-20-8"><bdi>978-0-948171-20-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homeopathy+investigated&rft.place=Kent%2C+England&rft.pub=Diasozo+Trust&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-948171-20-8&rft.au=Bambridge+AD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Andrews-115"><a href="#cite_ref-Andrews_115-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrews_P1990" class="citation web cs1">Andrews P (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.watchman.org/na/homeopth.htm">"Homeopathy and Hinduism"</a>. The Watchman Expositor. <a href="/wiki/Watchman_Fellowship" title="Watchman Fellowship">Watchman Fellowship</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Watchman+Expositor&rft.atitle=Homeopathy+and+Hinduism&rft.date=1990&rft.au=Andrews+P&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.watchman.org%2Fna%2Fhomeopth.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> A 12C solution produced using <a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">sodium chloride</a> (also called natrum muriaticum in homeopathy) is the equivalent of dissolving 0.36 mL of table salt, weighing about 0.77 g, into a volume of water the size of the Atlantic Ocean, since the volume of the Atlantic Ocean and its adjacent seas is 3.55×108 km3 or 3.55×1020 L : <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmeryUchupi1984" class="citation book cs1">Emery KO, Uchupi E (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6J0TAAAAYAAJ&q=355+x+106+km3+in+the+whole">The geology of the Atlantic Ocean</a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-96032-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-96032-6"><bdi>978-0-387-96032-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+geology+of+the+Atlantic+Ocean&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-387-96032-6&rft.aulast=Emery&rft.aufirst=KO&rft.au=Uchupi%2C+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6J0TAAAAYAAJ%26q%3D355%2Bx%2B106%2Bkm3%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bwhole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> The volume of all water on earth is about 1.36×109 km3: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120629055146/http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/waterdistribution.html">"Earth's water distribution"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. August 28, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/waterdistribution.html">the original</a> on June 29, 2012. Retrieved March 14, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Earth%27s+water+distribution&rft.date=2006-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fga.water.usgs.gov%2Fedu%2Fwaterdistribution.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> Gleick PH, Water resources, In <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider_SH1996" class="citation book cs1">Schneider SH, ed. (1996). Encyclopedia of climate and weather. Vol. 2. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 817–823.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+climate+and+weather&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=817-823&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_L._Park2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Park" title="Robert L. Park">Robert L. Park</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/superstitionbeli00park">Superstition: Belief in the Age of Science</a>. Princeton University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/superstitionbeli00park/page/n157">145</a>–46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13355-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13355-3"><bdi>978-0-691-13355-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Superstition%3A+Belief+in+the+Age+of+Science&rft.pages=145-46&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-691-13355-3&rft.au=Robert+L.+Park&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsuperstitionbeli00park&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher2007" class="citation journal cs1">Fisher, P (2007). "The Memory of Water: a scientific heresy?". Homeopathy. 96 (3): 141–2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.homp.2007.05.008">10.1016/j.homp.2007.05.008</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17678808">17678808</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3737723">3737723</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Homeopathy&rft.atitle=The+Memory+of+Water%3A+a+scientific+heresy%3F&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=141-2&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A3737723%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17678808&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.homp.2007.05.008&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDantasFisherWalachWieland2007" class="citation journal cs1">Dantas, F; Fisher, P; Walach, H; Wieland, F; Rastogi, D; Teixeira, H; Koster, D; Jansen, J; Eizayaga, J (2007). "A systematic review of the quality of homeopathic pathogenetic trials published from 1945 to 1995". Homeopathy. 96 (1): 4–16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.homp.2006.11.005">10.1016/j.homp.2006.11.005</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17227742">17227742</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3689226">3689226</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Homeopathy&rft.atitle=A+systematic+review+of+the+quality+of+homeopathic+pathogenetic+trials+published+from+1945+to+1995&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=4-16&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A3689226%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17227742&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.homp.2006.11.005&rft.aulast=Dantas&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Fisher%2C+P&rft.au=Walach%2C+H&rft.au=Wieland%2C+F&rft.au=Rastogi%2C+D&rft.au=Teixeira%2C+H&rft.au=Koster%2C+D&rft.au=Jansen%2C+J&rft.au=Eizayaga%2C+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradford1895" class="citation book cs1">Bradford, Thomas Lindsley (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifelettersofdrs00brad">The Life and Letters of Dr. Samuel Hahnemann</a>. Philadelphia: Boericke & Tafel. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifelettersofdrs00brad/page/103">103</a>–04. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-330-00150-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-330-00150-9"><bdi>978-1-330-00150-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved August 27, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Letters+of+Dr.+Samuel+Hahnemann&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=103-04&rft.pub=Boericke+%26+Tafel&rft.date=1895&rft.isbn=978-1-330-00150-9&rft.aulast=Bradford&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Lindsley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifelettersofdrs00brad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKayne_SB2006" class="citation book cs1">Kayne SB (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w2IFcHJYTSYC&q=homeopathic+proving+method&pg=PA52">Homeopathic pharmacy: theory and practice</a> (2 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-443-10160-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-443-10160-1"><bdi>978-0-443-10160-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homeopathic+pharmacy%3A+theory+and+practice&rft.pages=52&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-443-10160-1&rft.au=Kayne+SB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw2IFcHJYTSYC%26q%3Dhomeopathic%2Bproving%2Bmethod%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassedy_JH1999" class="citation book cs1">Cassedy JH (1999). American Medicine and Statistical Thinking, 1800–1860. iUniverse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58348-428-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58348-428-9"><bdi>978-1-58348-428-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Medicine+and+Statistical+Thinking%2C+1800%E2%80%931860&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-58348-428-9&rft.au=Cassedy+JH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid2866851-125"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid2866851_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFye_WB1986" class="citation journal cs1">Fye WB (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.CIR.73.1.21">"Nitroglycerin: a homeopathic remedy"</a>. Circulation. 73 (1): 21–29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.CIR.73.1.21">10.1161/01.CIR.73.1.21</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2866851">2866851</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Circulation&rft.atitle=Nitroglycerin%3A+a+homeopathic+remedy&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=21-29&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1161%2F01.CIR.73.1.21&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2866851&rft.au=Fye+WB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1161%252F01.CIR.73.1.21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahnemann_S1796" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hahnemann S (1796). C. W. Hufelands (ed.). "Versuch über ein neues Prinzip zur Auffindung der Heilkräfte der Arzneisubstanzen, nebst einigen Blicken auf die bisherigen". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_der_Practischen_Heilkunde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal der Practischen Heilkunde (page does not exist)">Journal der Practischen Heilkunde</a> (in German). II (3).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+der+Practischen+Heilkunde&rft.atitle=Versuch+%C3%BCber+ein+neues+Prinzip+zur+Auffindung+der+Heilkr%C3%A4fte+der+Arzneisubstanzen%2C+nebst+einigen+Blicken+auf+die+bisherigen&rft.volume=II&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1796&rft.au=Hahnemann+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahnemann_S1805" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hahnemann S (1805). Fragmenta de Viribus medicamentorum Positivis (in Latin). Leipzig.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fragmenta+de+Viribus+medicamentorum+Positivis&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.date=1805&rft.au=Hahnemann+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahnemannStapfGrossde_Brunnow1826–1828" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hahnemann S, Stapf E, Gross G, de Brunnow EG (1826–1828). Materia medica pura; sive, Doctrina de medicamentorum viribus in corpore humano sano observatis; e Germanico sermone in Latinum conversa (in Latin). Dresden: Arnold. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/14840659">14840659</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Materia+medica+pura%3B+sive%2C+Doctrina+de+medicamentorum+viribus+in+corpore+humano+sano+observatis%3B+e+Germanico+sermone+in+Latinum+conversa&rft.place=Dresden&rft.pub=Arnold&rft.date=1826%2F1828&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F14840659&rft.aulast=Hahnemann&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Stapf%2C+E&rft.au=Gross%2C+G&rft.au=de+Brunnow%2C+EG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent1905" class="citation book cs1">Kent, James Tyler (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c-ArAQAAMAAJ">Lectures on Homoeopathic Materia Medica</a>. Boericke & Tafel. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7222-9856-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7222-9856-5"><bdi>978-0-7222-9856-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lectures+on+Homoeopathic+Materia+Medica&rft.pub=Boericke+%26+Tafel&rft.date=1905&rft.isbn=978-0-7222-9856-5&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=James+Tyler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc-ArAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent2020" class="citation book cs1">Kent, James Tyler (March 31, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RZtEPAAACAAJ">Lectures on Homoeopathic Materia Medica: Together With Kent's "New Remedies" Incorporated and Arranged in One Alphabetical Order</a>. B. Jain Publishers (P) Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-319-0259-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-319-0259-2"><bdi>978-81-319-0259-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lectures+on+Homoeopathic+Materia+Medica%3A+Together+With+Kent%27s+%22New+Remedies%22+Incorporated+and+Arranged+in+One+Alphabetical+Order&rft.pub=B.+Jain+Publishers+%28P%29+Limited&rft.date=2020-03-31&rft.isbn=978-81-319-0259-2&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=James+Tyler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRZtEPAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Creighton-131"><a href="#cite_ref-Creighton_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120816233729/http://altmed.creighton.edu/Homeopathy/science/validity.htm">"Are the principles of Homeopathy scientifically valid?"</a>. Creighton University School of Medicine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://altmed.creighton.edu/Homeopathy/science/validity.htm">the original</a> on August 16, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Are+the+principles+of+Homeopathy+scientifically+valid%3F&rft.pub=Creighton+University+School+of+Medicine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faltmed.creighton.edu%2FHomeopathy%2Fscience%2Fvalidity.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aaci2-132"><a href="#cite_ref-aaci2_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaulfieldRachul2011" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Caulfield" title="Timothy Caulfield">Caulfield, Timothy</a>; Rachul, Christen (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3182944">"Supported by science?: What Canadian naturopaths advertise to the public"</a>. Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology. 7 (1): 14. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1710-1492-7-14">10.1186/1710-1492-7-14</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3182944">3182944</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21920039">21920039</a>. <q>Within the non-CAM scientific community, homeopathy has long been viewed as a sham</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Allergy%2C+Asthma+%26+Clinical+Immunology&rft.atitle=Supported+by+science%3F%3A+What+Canadian+naturopaths+advertise+to+the+public&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=14&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3182944%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21920039&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1710-1492-7-14&rft.aulast=Caulfield&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.au=Rachul%2C+Christen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3182944&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tuomela_p83-101-133"><a href="#cite_ref-Tuomela_p83-101_133-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuomela,_R1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raimo_Tuomela" title="Raimo Tuomela">Tuomela, R</a> (1987). "Science, Protoscience, and Pseudoscience". In Pitt JC, Marcello P (eds.). Rational Changes in Science. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol. 98. Springer. pp. 83–101. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-009-3779-6_4">10.1007/978-94-009-3779-6_4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-010-8181-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-010-8181-8"><bdi>978-94-010-8181-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0068-0346">0068-0346</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Science%2C+Protoscience%2C+and+Pseudoscience&rft.btitle=Rational+Changes+in+Science&rft.series=Boston+Studies+in+the+Philosophy+of+Science&rft.pages=83-101&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1987&rft.issn=0068-0346&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-94-009-3779-6_4&rft.isbn=978-94-010-8181-8&rft.au=Tuomela%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Why-134"><a href="#cite_ref-Why_134-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukerjiErnst2022" class="citation journal cs1">Mukerji N, Ernst E (September 14, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11229-022-03882-w">"Why homoeopathy is pseudoscience"</a>. Synthese. 200 (5). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11229-022-03882-w">10.1007/s11229-022-03882-w</a>. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-0964">1573-0964</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:252297716">252297716</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Synthese&rft.atitle=Why+homoeopathy+is+pseudoscience&rft.volume=200&rft.issue=5&rft.date=2022-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A252297716%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.eissn=1573-0964&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11229-022-03882-w&rft.aulast=Mukerji&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=Ernst%2C+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs11229-022-03882-w&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baran20142-135">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baran20142_135-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baran20142_135-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaranKianaSamuel2014" class="citation book cs1">Baran GR, Kiana MF, Samuel SP (2014). "Science, Pseudoscience, and Not Science: How do They Differ?". Healthcare and Biomedical Technology in the 21st Century. Springer. pp. 19–57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4614-8541-4_2">10.1007/978-1-4614-8541-4_2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4614-8540-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4614-8540-7"><bdi>978-1-4614-8540-7</bdi></a>. <q>within the traditional medical community it is considered to be quackery</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Science%2C+Pseudoscience%2C+and+Not+Science%3A+How+do+They+Differ%3F&rft.btitle=Healthcare+and+Biomedical+Technology+in+the+21st+Century&rft.pages=19-57&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4614-8541-4_2&rft.isbn=978-1-4614-8540-7&rft.aulast=Baran&rft.aufirst=GR&rft.au=Kiana%2C+MF&rft.au=Samuel%2C+SP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ladyman2-136"><a href="#cite_ref-Ladyman2_136-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLadyman_J2013" class="citation book cs1">Ladyman J (2013). "Chapter 3: Towards a Demarcation of Science from Pseudoscience". In Pigliucci M, Boudry M (eds.). Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem. University of Chicago Press. pp. 48–49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-05196-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-05196-3"><bdi>978-0-226-05196-3</bdi></a>. <q>Yet homeopathy is a paradigmatic example of pseudoscience. It is neither simply bad science nor science fraud, but rather profoundly departs from scientific method and theories while being described as scientific by some of its adherents (often sincerely).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+3%3A+Towards+a+Demarcation+of+Science+from+Pseudoscience&rft.btitle=Philosophy+of+Pseudoscience%3A+Reconsidering+the+Demarcation+Problem&rft.pages=48-49&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-226-05196-3&rft.au=Ladyman+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adler2-137">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Adler2_137-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adler2_137-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdler_J2004" class="citation news cs1">Adler J (February 4, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/id/105581">"No way to treat the dying"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=No+way+to+treat+the+dying&rft.date=2004-02-04&rft.au=Adler+J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fid%2F105581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dearden2-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dearden2_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dearden2_138-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDearden2017" class="citation news cs1">Dearden, Lizzie (February 7, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-academy-of-sciences-homeopathy-treaments-pseudoscience-does-not-work-par-magic-a7566406.html">"Russian Academy of Sciences says homeopathy is dangerous 'pseudoscience' that does not work"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. Retrieved February 7, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Russian+Academy+of+Sciences+says+homeopathy+is+dangerous+%27pseudoscience%27+that+does+not+work&rft.date=2017-02-07&rft.aulast=Dearden&rft.aufirst=Lizzie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussia-academy-of-sciences-homeopathy-treaments-pseudoscience-does-not-work-par-magic-a7566406.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid146761792-139"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid146761792_139-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtwood2003" class="citation journal cs1">Atwood, KC (2003). ""Neurocranial restructuring" and homeopathy, neither complementary nor alternative". Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery. 129 (12): 1356–57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Farchotol.129.12.1356">10.1001/archotol.129.12.1356</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14676179">14676179</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Otolaryngology%E2%80%93Head+%26+Neck+Surgery&rft.atitle=%22Neurocranial+restructuring%22+and+homeopathy%2C+neither+complementary+nor+alternative&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1356-57&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Farchotol.129.12.1356&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14676179&rft.aulast=Atwood&rft.aufirst=KC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NdububaQuack2-140"><a href="#cite_ref-NdububaQuack2_140-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNdububa2007" class="citation journal cs1">Ndububa, VI (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4314%2Fnjm.v16i4.37328">"Medical quackery in Nigeria; why the silence?"</a>. Nigerian Journal of Medicine. 16 (4): 312–17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4314%2Fnjm.v16i4.37328">10.4314/njm.v16i4.37328</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18080586">18080586</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nigerian+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Medical+quackery+in+Nigeria%3B+why+the+silence%3F&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=312-17&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4314%2Fnjm.v16i4.37328&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18080586&rft.aulast=Ndububa&rft.aufirst=VI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4314%252Fnjm.v16i4.37328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ernst2-141"><a href="#cite_ref-Ernst2_141-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnstPittler1998" class="citation journal cs1">Ernst, E; Pittler, MH (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Farchsurg.133.11.1187">"Efficacy of homeopathic arnica: a systematic review of placebo-controlled clinical trials"</a>. Archives of Surgery. 133 (11): 1187–90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Farchsurg.133.11.1187">10.1001/archsurg.133.11.1187</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9820349">9820349</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Surgery&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+homeopathic+arnica%3A+a+systematic+review+of+placebo-controlled+clinical+trials&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1187-90&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Farchsurg.133.11.1187&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9820349&rft.aulast=Ernst&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Pittler%2C+MH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1001%252Farchsurg.133.11.1187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilverman" class="citation news cs1">Silverman, Rosa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126102237/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/9822744/Homeopathy-is-rubbish-says-chief-medical-officer.html">"Homeopathy is 'rubbish', says chief medical officer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. London. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49632006">49632006</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/9822744/Homeopathy-is-rubbish-says-chief-medical-officer.html">the original</a> on January 26, 2013. Retrieved January 24, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Homeopathy+is+%27rubbish%27%2C+says+chief+medical+officer&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49632006&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Silverman&rft.aufirst=Rosa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fhealth%2Fhealthnews%2F9822744%2FHomeopathy-is-rubbish-says-chief-medical-officer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Collins2-143"><a href="#cite_ref-Collins2_143-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNick_Collins2013" class="citation news cs1">Nick Collins (April 18, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130420234704/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/10003680/Homeopathy-is-nonsense-says-new-chief-scientist.html">"Homeopathy is nonsense, says new chief scientist"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/10003680/Homeopathy-is-nonsense-says-new-chief-scientist.html">the original</a> on April 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Homeopathy+is+nonsense%2C+says+new+chief+scientist&rft.date=2013-04-18&rft.au=Nick+Collins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fhealth%2Fhealthnews%2F10003680%2FHomeopathy-is-nonsense-says-new-chief-scientist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray2013" class="citation web cs1">Gray, Richard (April 9, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/9982234/Homeopathy-on-the-NHS-is-mad-says-outgoing-scientific-adviser.html">"Homeopathy on the NHS is 'mad' says outgoing scientific adviser"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/9982234/Homeopathy-on-the-NHS-is-mad-says-outgoing-scientific-adviser.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved October 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Homeopathy+on+the+NHS+is+%27mad%27+says+outgoing+scientific+adviser&rft.date=2013-04-09&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fhealth%2Fnews%2F9982234%2FHomeopathy-on-the-NHS-is-mad-says-outgoing-scientific-adviser.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goldacre20072-145">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goldacre20072_145-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goldacre20072_145-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goldacre20072_145-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goldacre20072_145-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldacre2007" class="citation journal cs1">Goldacre, Ben (2007). "Benefits and risks of homoeopathy". The Lancet. 370 (9600): 1672–73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2807%2961706-1">10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61706-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18022024">18022024</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:43588927">43588927</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet&rft.atitle=Benefits+and+risks+of+homoeopathy&rft.volume=370&rft.issue=9600&rft.pages=1672-73&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A43588927%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18022024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2807%2961706-1&rft.aulast=Goldacre&rft.aufirst=Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baum_&_Ernst2-146"><a href="#cite_ref-Baum_&_Ernst2_146-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaumErnst2009" class="citation journal cs1">Baum, Michael; Ernst, Edzard (2009). "Should We Maintain an Open Mind about Homeopathy?". The American Journal of Medicine. 122 (11): 973–74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.amjmed.2009.03.038">10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.03.038</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19854319">19854319</a>. <q>Homeopathy is among the worst examples of faith-based medicine... These axioms [of homeopathy] are not only out of line with scientific facts but also directly opposed to them. If homeopathy is correct, much of physics, chemistry, and pharmacology must be incorrect... To have an open mind about homeopathy or similarly implausible forms of alternative medicine (e.g., Bach Flower remedies, spiritual healing, crystal therapy) is, therefore, not an option</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Should+We+Maintain+an+Open+Mind+about+Homeopathy%3F&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=973-74&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.amjmed.2009.03.038&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19854319&rft.aulast=Baum&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Ernst%2C+Edzard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GrimesFACT-147"><a href="#cite_ref-GrimesFACT_147-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimes2012" class="citation journal cs1">Grimes, D.R. (2012). "Proposed mechanisms for homeopathy are physically impossible". Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies. 17 (3): 149–55. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.2042-7166.2012.01162.x">10.1111/j.2042-7166.2012.01162.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Focus+on+Alternative+and+Complementary+Therapies&rft.atitle=Proposed+mechanisms+for+homeopathy+are+physically+impossible&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=149-55&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.2042-7166.2012.01162.x&rft.aulast=Grimes&rft.aufirst=D.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sbarrett2-148"><a href="#cite_ref-Sbarrett2_148-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrett_S2004" class="citation web cs1">Barrett S (December 28, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/homeo.html">"Homeopathy: the ultimate fake"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Quackwatch" title="Quackwatch">Quackwatch</a>. Retrieved July 25, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homeopathy%3A+the+ultimate+fake&rft.pub=Quackwatch&rft.date=2004-12-28&rft.au=Barrett+S&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quackwatch.org%2F01QuackeryRelatedTopics%2Fhomeo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dynam2-149"><a href="#cite_ref-dynam2_149-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaziola_L" class="citation web cs1">Faziola L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020826082134/http://altmed.creighton.edu/Homeopathy/philosophy/dilution.htm">"Dynamization and dilution"</a>. Homeopathy Tutorial. Creighton University School of Medicine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://altmed.creighton.edu/Homeopathy/philosophy/dilution.htm">the original</a> on August 26, 2002. Retrieved July 24, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Homeopathy+Tutorial&rft.atitle=Dynamization+and+dilution&rft.au=Faziola+L&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faltmed.creighton.edu%2FHomeopathy%2Fphilosophy%2Fdilution.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones2-150">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jones2_150-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jones2_150-1">b</a> Sam Jones, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jan/29/sceptics-homeopathy-mass-overdose-boots">"Homeopathy protesters to take 'mass overdose' outside Boots"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, January 29, 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-NatureWhenToBelieve2-151"><a href="#cite_ref-NatureWhenToBelieve2_151-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaddox_J1988" class="citation journal cs1">Maddox J (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F333787a0">"When to believe the unbelievable"</a>. Nature (editorial). 333 (6176): 1349–56. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Natur.333Q.787.">1988Natur.333Q.787.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F333787a0">10.1038/333787a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4369459">4369459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=When+to+believe+the+unbelievable&rft.volume=333&rft.issue=6176&rft.pages=1349-56&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4369459%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F333787a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988Natur.333Q.787.&rft.au=Maddox+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F333787a0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-delusion2-152"><a href="#cite_ref-delusion2_152-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaddoxRandiStewart1988" class="citation journal cs1">Maddox, J; Randi, J; Stewart, W (1988). ""High-dilution" experiments a delusion". Nature. 334 (6180): 287–91. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Natur.334..287M">1988Natur.334..287M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F334287a0">10.1038/334287a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2455869">2455869</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9579433">9579433</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=%22High-dilution%22+experiments+a+delusion&rft.volume=334&rft.issue=6180&rft.pages=287-91&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F334287a0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9579433%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2455869&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988Natur.334..287M&rft.aulast=Maddox&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Randi%2C+J&rft.au=Stewart%2C+W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levy2-153">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Levy2_153-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Levy2_153-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy1986" class="citation journal cs1">Levy, G (1986). "Kinetics of drug action: An overview". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 78 (4 Pt 2): 754–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0091-6749%2886%2990057-6">10.1016/0091-6749(86)90057-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3534056">3534056</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Allergy+and+Clinical+Immunology&rft.atitle=Kinetics+of+drug+action%3A+An+overview&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4+Pt+2&rft.pages=754-61&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0091-6749%2886%2990057-6&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3534056&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith20122-154">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith20122_154-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith20122_154-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith_K2012" class="citation journal cs1">Smith K (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1035885">"Homeopathy is Unscientific and Unethical"</a>. Bioethics. 26 (9): 508–12. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8519.2011.01956.x">10.1111/j.1467-8519.2011.01956.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143067523">143067523</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioethics&rft.atitle=Homeopathy+is+Unscientific+and+Unethical&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=508-12&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-8519.2011.01956.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143067523%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Smith+K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1035885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOberbaum,_MSinger,_SRSamuels,_N.2010" class="citation journal cs1">Oberbaum, M; Singer, SR; Samuels, N. (July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0960327110369777">"Hormesis and homeopathy: bridge over troubled waters"</a>. Hum Exp Toxicol. 29 (7): 567–71. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010HETox..29..567O">2010HETox..29..567O</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0960327110369777">10.1177/0960327110369777</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20558608">20558608</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8107797">8107797</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hum+Exp+Toxicol&rft.atitle=Hormesis+and+homeopathy%3A+bridge+over+troubled+waters&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=567-71&rft.date=2010-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0960327110369777&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8107797%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20558608&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010HETox..29..567O&rft.au=Oberbaum%2C+M&rft.au=Singer%2C+SR&rft.au=Samuels%2C+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F0960327110369777&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhuda-Bukhsh2003" class="citation journal cs1">Khuda-Bukhsh, Anisur Rahman (2003). "Towards understanding molecular mechanisms of action of homeopathic drugs: an overview". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 253 (1/2): 339–45. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1026048907739">10.1023/A:1026048907739</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14619985">14619985</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10971539">10971539</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Towards+understanding+molecular+mechanisms+of+action+of+homeopathic+drugs%3A+an+overview&rft.volume=253&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=339-45&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A10971539%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14619985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1026048907739&rft.aulast=Khuda-Bukhsh&rft.aufirst=Anisur+Rahman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BrienRheumatology-157"><a href="#cite_ref-BrienRheumatology_157-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrien_SLachance_SPrescott_PMcDermott_C2011" class="citation journal cs1">Brien S; Lachance S; Prescott P; McDermott C; Lewith G (June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3093927">"Homeopathy has clinical benefits in rheumatoid arthritis patients that are attributable to the consultation process but not the homeopathic remedy: a randomized controlled clinical trial"</a>. Rheumatology. 50 (6): 1070–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Frheumatology%2Fkeq234">10.1093/rheumatology/keq234</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3093927">3093927</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21076131">21076131</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rheumatology&rft.atitle=Homeopathy+has+clinical+benefits+in+rheumatoid+arthritis+patients+that+are+attributable+to+the+consultation+process+but+not+the+homeopathic+remedy%3A+a+randomized+controlled+clinical+trial&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1070-82&rft.date=2011-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3093927%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21076131&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Frheumatology%2Fkeq234&rft.au=Brien+S&rft.au=Lachance+S&rft.au=Prescott+P&rft.au=McDermott+C&rft.au=Lewith+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3093927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shelton2-158"><a href="#cite_ref-Shelton2_158-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShelton2004" class="citation book cs1">Shelton, JW (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/homeopathyhowitr0000shel">Homeopathy: How it really works</a>. Amherst, New York: <a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Books" title="Prometheus Books">Prometheus Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59102-109-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59102-109-4"><bdi>978-1-59102-109-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homeopathy%3A+How+it+really+works&rft.place=Amherst%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-59102-109-4&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=JW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhomeopathyhowitr0000shel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Linde19992-159"><a href="#cite_ref-Linde19992_159-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindeScholzRamirezClausius1999" class="citation journal cs1">Linde, K; Scholz, M; Ramirez, G; Clausius, N; Melchart, D; Jonas, WB (1999). "Impact of study quality on outcome in placebo-controlled trials of homeopathy". Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 52 (7): 631–36. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0895-4356%2899%2900048-7">10.1016/S0895-4356(99)00048-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10391656">10391656</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Impact+of+study+quality+on+outcome+in+placebo-controlled+trials+of+homeopathy&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=631-36&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0895-4356%2899%2900048-7&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10391656&rft.aulast=Linde&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Scholz%2C+M&rft.au=Ramirez%2C+G&rft.au=Clausius%2C+N&rft.au=Melchart%2C+D&rft.au=Jonas%2C+WB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-inquiry_cfm-160"><a href="#cite_ref-inquiry_cfm_160-0">^</a> UK Parliamentary Committee Science and Technology Committee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/science-and-technology-committee/inquiries/homeopathy-/">"Evidence Check 2: Homeopathy"</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-NHMRC2-161">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NHMRC2_161-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NHMRC2_161-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NHMRC2_161-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Health_and_Medical_Research_Council2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Health_and_Medical_Research_Council" title="National Health and Medical Research Council">National Health and Medical Research Council</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170419065845/https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines-publications/cam02">NHMRC statement on homeopathy and NHMRC information paper – Evidence on the effectiveness of homeopathy for treating health conditions</a>. Canberra: National Health and Medical Research Council. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-925129-29-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-925129-29-8"><bdi>978-1-925129-29-8</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines-publications/cam02">the original</a> on April 19, 2017. Retrieved August 18, 2016. <q>There is no reliable evidence that homoeopathy is effective for treating health conditions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=NHMRC+statement+on+homeopathy+and+NHMRC+information+paper+%E2%80%93+Evidence+on+the+effectiveness+of+homeopathy+for+treating+health+conditions&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=National+Health+and+Medical+Research+Council&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-925129-29-8&rft.au=National+Health+and+Medical+Research+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhmrc.gov.au%2Fguidelines-publications%2Fcam02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EASAC2017-162"><a href="#cite_ref-EASAC2017_162-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.easac.eu/fileadmin/PDF_s/reports_statements/EASAC_Homepathy_statement_web_final.pdf">"Homeopathic products and practices: assessing the evidence and ensuring consistency in regulating medical claims in the EU"</a> (PDF). European Academies' Science Advisory Council. September 2017. p. 1. Retrieved October 1, 2017. <q>... we agree with previous extensive evaluations concluding that there are no known diseases for which there is robust, reproducible evidence that homeopathy is effective beyond the placebo effect.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Academies%27+Science+Advisory+Council&rft.atitle=Homeopathic+products+and+practices%3A+assessing+the+evidence+and+ensuring+consistency+in+regulating+medical+claims+in+the+EU&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2017-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.easac.eu%2Ffileadmin%2FPDF_s%2Freports_statements%2FEASAC_Homepathy_statement_web_final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonhöftMatthiessen2012" class="citation book cs1">Bonhöft, Gudrun; Matthiessen, Peter (2012). Homeopathy in healthcare: effectiveness, appropriateness, safety, costs. Springer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homeopathy+in+healthcare%3A+effectiveness%2C+appropriateness%2C+safety%2C+costs.&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Bonh%C3%B6ft&rft.aufirst=Gudrun&rft.au=Matthiessen%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ShawMisconduct2-164">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ShawMisconduct2_164-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ShawMisconduct2_164-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw,_David2012" class="citation journal cs1">Shaw, David (May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4414%2Fsmw.2012.13594">"The Swiss report on homeopathy: a case study of research misconduct"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Medical_Weekly" title="Swiss Medical Weekly">Swiss Medical Weekly</a>. 142: w13594. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4414%2Fsmw.2012.13594">10.4414/smw.2012.13594</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22653406">22653406</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Swiss+Medical+Weekly&rft.atitle=The+Swiss+report+on+homeopathy%3A+a+case+study+of+research+misconduct&rft.volume=142&rft.pages=w13594&rft.date=2012-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4414%2Fsmw.2012.13594&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22653406&rft.au=Shaw%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4414%252Fsmw.2012.13594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGurtner,_Felix2012" class="citation journal cs1">Gurtner, Felix (December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4414%2Fsmw.2012.13723">"The report "Homeopathy in healthcare: effectiveness, appropriateness, safety, costs" is not a "Swiss report""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Medical_Weekly" title="Swiss Medical Weekly">Swiss Medical Weekly</a>. 142: w13723. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4414%2Fsmw.2012.13723">10.4414/smw.2012.13723</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23255156">23255156</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Swiss+Medical+Weekly&rft.atitle=The+report+%22Homeopathy+in+healthcare%3A+effectiveness%2C+appropriateness%2C+safety%2C+costs%22+is+not+a+%22Swiss+report%22&rft.volume=142&rft.pages=w13723&rft.date=2012-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4414%2Fsmw.2012.13723&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23255156&rft.au=Gurtner%2C+Felix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4414%252Fsmw.2012.13723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PRISMA2-166"><a href="#cite_ref-PRISMA2_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiberatiAltmanTetzlaffMulrow2009" class="citation journal cs1">Liberati, A; Altman, DG; Tetzlaff, J; Mulrow, C; Gøtzsche, PC; Ioannidis, J PA; Clarke, M; Devereaux, PJ; Kleijnen, J; Moher, D (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2707010">"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration"</a>. PLOS Medicine. 6 (7): e1000100. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000100">10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2707010">2707010</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19621070">19621070</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+PRISMA+statement+for+reporting+systematic+reviews+and+meta-analyses+of+studies+that+evaluate+health+care+interventions%3A+explanation+and+elaboration&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=e1000100&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2707010%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19621070&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000100&rft.aulast=Liberati&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Altman%2C+DG&rft.au=Tetzlaff%2C+J&rft.au=Mulrow%2C+C&rft.au=G%C3%B8tzsche%2C+PC&rft.au=Ioannidis%2C+J+PA&rft.au=Clarke%2C+M&rft.au=Devereaux%2C+PJ&rft.au=Kleijnen%2C+J&rft.au=Moher%2C+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2707010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonasAndersonCrawfordLyons2001" class="citation journal cs1">Jonas, WB; Anderson, RL; Crawford, CC; Lyons, JS (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC64638">"A systematic review of the quality of homeopathic clinical trials"</a>. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 1: 12. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1472-6882-1-12">10.1186/1472-6882-1-12</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC64638">64638</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11801202">11801202</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Complementary+and+Alternative+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+systematic+review+of+the+quality+of+homeopathic+clinical+trials&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=12&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC64638%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11801202&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1472-6882-1-12&rft.aulast=Jonas&rft.aufirst=WB&rft.au=Anderson%2C+RL&rft.au=Crawford%2C+CC&rft.au=Lyons%2C+JS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC64638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid114160762-168"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid114160762_168-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindeJonasMelchartWillich2001" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Linde" title="Klaus Linde">Linde, K</a>; Jonas, WB; Melchart, D; Willich, S (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fije%2F30.3.526">"The methodological quality of randomized controlled trials of homeopathy, herbal medicines and acupuncture"</a>. International Journal of Epidemiology. 30 (3): 526–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fije%2F30.3.526">10.1093/ije/30.3.526</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11416076">11416076</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=The+methodological+quality+of+randomized+controlled+trials+of+homeopathy%2C+herbal+medicines+and+acupuncture&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=526-31&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fije%2F30.3.526&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11416076&rft.aulast=Linde&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Jonas%2C+WB&rft.au=Melchart%2C+D&rft.au=Willich%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fije%252F30.3.526&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffrey_D._Scargle2000" class="citation journal cs1">Jeffrey D. Scargle (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150122021757/http://scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_14_1_scargle.pdf">"Publication Bias: The "file-drawer problem" in scientific inference"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Scientific_Exploration" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Scientific Exploration">Journal of Scientific Exploration</a>. 14 (2): 94–106. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/9909033">physics/9909033</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999physics...9033S">1999physics...9033S</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_14_1_scargle.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on January 22, 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Scientific+Exploration&rft.atitle=Publication+Bias%3A+The+%22file-drawer+problem%22+in+scientific+inference&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=94-106&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fphysics%2F9909033&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999physics...9033S&rft.au=Jeffrey+D.+Scargle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificexploration.org%2Fjournal%2Fjse_14_1_scargle.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid160607222-170"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid160607222_170-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIoannidis2005" class="citation journal cs1">Ioannidis, John P. A. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1182327">"Why most published research findings are false"</a>. PLOS Medicine. 2 (8): e124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.0020124">10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1182327">1182327</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16060722">16060722</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Medicine&rft.atitle=Why+most+published+research+findings+are+false&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=e124&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1182327%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16060722&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.0020124&rft.aulast=Ioannidis&rft.aufirst=John+P.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1182327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid18258002-171"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid18258002_171-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleijnenKnipschildTer_Riet1991" class="citation journal cs1">Kleijnen, J; Knipschild, P; Ter Riet, G (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1668980">"Clinical trials of homoeopathy"</a>. BMJ. 302 (6772): 316–23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.302.6772.316">10.1136/bmj.302.6772.316</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1668980">1668980</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1825800">1825800</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ&rft.atitle=Clinical+trials+of+homoeopathy&rft.volume=302&rft.issue=6772&rft.pages=316-23&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1668980%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1825800&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.302.6772.316&rft.aulast=Kleijnen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Knipschild%2C+P&rft.au=Ter+Riet%2C+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1668980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathieRamparsadLeggClausen2017" class="citation journal cs1">Mathie, Robert T.; Ramparsad, Nitish; Legg, Lynn A.; Clausen, Jürgen; Moss, Sian; Davidson, Jonathan R. T.; Messow, Claudia-Martina; McConnachie, Alex (March 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5366148">"Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of non-individualised homeopathic treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis"</a>. Systematic Reviews. 6 (1): 63. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13643-017-0445-3">10.1186/s13643-017-0445-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2046-4053">2046-4053</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5366148">5366148</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28340607">28340607</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systematic+Reviews&rft.atitle=Randomised%2C+double-blind%2C+placebo-controlled+trials+of+non-individualised+homeopathic+treatment%3A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=63&rft.date=2017-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5366148%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2046-4053&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28340607&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs13643-017-0445-3&rft.aulast=Mathie&rft.aufirst=Robert+T.&rft.au=Ramparsad%2C+Nitish&rft.au=Legg%2C+Lynn+A.&rft.au=Clausen%2C+J%C3%BCrgen&rft.au=Moss%2C+Sian&rft.au=Davidson%2C+Jonathan+R.+T.&rft.au=Messow%2C+Claudia-Martina&rft.au=McConnachie%2C+Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5366148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nhs_choices2-173">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nhs_choices2_173-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nhs_choices2_173-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Homeopathy/Pages/Introduction.aspx">"Health A-Z -- Homeopathy"</a>. National Health Service. Retrieved April 22, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Health+A-Z+--+Homeopathy&rft.pub=National+Health+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhs.uk%2Fconditions%2FHomeopathy%2FPages%2FIntroduction.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-amapseudo2-174"><a href="#cite_ref-amapseudo2_174-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAMA_Council_on_Scientific_Affairs1997" class="citation web cs1">AMA Council on Scientific Affairs (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090614085504/http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/no-index/about-ama/13638.shtml">"Alternative medicine: Report 12 of the Council on Scientific Affairs (A–97)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Association" title="American Medical Association">American Medical Association</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/no-index/about-ama/13638.shtml">the original</a> on June 14, 2009. Retrieved March 25, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alternative+medicine%3A+Report+12+of+the+Council+on+Scientific+Affairs+%28A%E2%80%9397%29&rft.pub=American+Medical+Association&rft.date=1997&rft.au=AMA+Council+on+Scientific+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ama-assn.org%2Fama%2Fno-index%2Fabout-ama%2F13638.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weissmann2-175"><a href="#cite_ref-Weissmann2_175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeissmann2006" class="citation journal cs1">Weissmann, G (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1096%2Ffj.06-0901ufm">"Homeopathy: Holmes, Hogwarts, and the Prince of Wales"</a>. The FASEB Journal. 20 (11): 1755–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1096%2Ffj.06-0901ufm">10.1096/fj.06-0901ufm</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16940145">16940145</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9305843">9305843</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+FASEB+Journal&rft.atitle=Homeopathy%3A+Holmes%2C+Hogwarts%2C+and+the+Prince+of+Wales&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1755-58&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9305843%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16940145&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1096%2Ffj.06-0901ufm&rft.aulast=Weissmann&rft.aufirst=G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1096%252Ffj.06-0901ufm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8211925.stm">"Homeopathy not a cure, says WHO"</a>. BBC News. August 20, 2009. Retrieved October 20, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Homeopathy+not+a+cure%2C+says+WHO&rft.date=2009-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F8211925.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMashta2009" class="citation journal cs1">Mashta, O (August 24, 2009). "WHO warns against using homoeopathy to treat serious diseases". BMJ. 339 (aug24 2): b3447. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.b3447">10.1136/bmj.b3447</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19703929">19703929</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9303173">9303173</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ&rft.atitle=WHO+warns+against+using+homoeopathy+to+treat+serious+diseases&rft.volume=339&rft.issue=aug24+2&rft.pages=b3447&rft.date=2009-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9303173%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19703929&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.b3447&rft.aulast=Mashta&rft.aufirst=O&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-toxicfive2-178">^ <a href="#cite_ref-toxicfive2_178-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-toxicfive2_178-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_College_of_Medical_ToxicologyAmerican_Academy_of_Clinical_Toxicology2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/American_College_of_Medical_Toxicology" title="American College of Medical Toxicology">American College of Medical Toxicology</a>; <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Clinical_Toxicology" title="American Academy of Clinical Toxicology">American Academy of Clinical Toxicology</a> (February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.choosingwisely.org/doctor-patient-lists/american-college-of-medical-toxicology-and-the-american-academy-of-clinical-toxicology/">"Five things physicians and patients should question"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Choosing_Wisely" title="Choosing Wisely">Choosing Wisely</a>: an initiative of the <a href="/wiki/ABIM_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="ABIM Foundation">ABIM Foundation</a>. American College of Medical Toxicology and American Academy of Clinical Toxicology. Retrieved December 5, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Choosing+Wisely%3A+an+initiative+of+the+ABIM+Foundation&rft.atitle=Five+things+physicians+and+patients+should+question&rft.date=2013-02&rft.au=American+College+of+Medical+Toxicology&rft.au=American+Academy+of+Clinical+Toxicology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.choosingwisely.org%2Fdoctor-patient-lists%2Famerican-college-of-medical-toxicology-and-the-american-academy-of-clinical-toxicology%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988">, which cites <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodward2005" class="citation journal cs1">Woodward, KN (May 2005). "The potential impact of the use of homeopathic and herbal remedies on monitoring the safety of prescription products". Human & Experimental Toxicology. 24 (5): 219–33. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005HETox..24..219W">2005HETox..24..219W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1191%2F0960327105ht529oa">10.1191/0960327105ht529oa</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16004184">16004184</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:34767417">34767417</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+%26+Experimental+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+potential+impact+of+the+use+of+homeopathic+and+herbal+remedies+on+monitoring+the+safety+of+prescription+products&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=219-33&rft.date=2005-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1191%2F0960327105ht529oa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A34767417%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16004184&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005HETox..24..219W&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=KN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolisko_L1959" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kolisko L (1959). Physiologischer und physikalischer Nachweis der Wirksamkeit kleinster Entitäten [Physiological and physical evidence of the effectiveness of the smallest entities] (in German). Stuttgart.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physiologischer+und+physikalischer+Nachweis+der+Wirksamkeit+kleinster+Entit%C3%A4ten&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.date=1959&rft.au=Kolisko+L&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid11316508-180"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid11316508_180-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalachKösterHennigHaag2001" class="citation journal cs1">Walach, H; Köster, H; Hennig, T; Haag, G (2001). "The effects of homeopathic belladonna 30CH in healthy volunteers – a randomized, double-blind experiment". Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 50 (3): 155–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0022-3999%2800%2900224-5">10.1016/S0022-3999(00)00224-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11316508">11316508</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Psychosomatic+Research&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+homeopathic+belladonna+30CH+in+healthy+volunteers+%E2%80%93+a+randomized%2C+double-blind+experiment&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=155-60&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0022-3999%2800%2900224-5&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11316508&rft.aulast=Walach&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=K%C3%B6ster%2C+H&rft.au=Hennig%2C+T&rft.au=Haag%2C+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid8255290-181"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid8255290_181-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirstHayesBurridgePearce1993" class="citation journal cs1">Hirst, SJ; Hayes, NA; Burridge, J; Pearce, FL; Foreman, JC (1993). "Human basophil degranulation is not triggered by very dilute antiserum against human IgE". Nature. 366 (6455): 525–27. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993Natur.366..525H">1993Natur.366..525H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F366525a0">10.1038/366525a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8255290">8255290</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4314547">4314547</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Human+basophil+degranulation+is+not+triggered+by+very+dilute+antiserum+against+human+IgE&rft.volume=366&rft.issue=6455&rft.pages=525-27&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F366525a0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4314547%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8255290&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1993Natur.366..525H&rft.aulast=Hirst&rft.aufirst=SJ&rft.au=Hayes%2C+NA&rft.au=Burridge%2C+J&rft.au=Pearce%2C+FL&rft.au=Foreman%2C+JC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid1376282-182"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid1376282_182-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOvelgönneBolHopWijk1992" class="citation journal cs1">Ovelgönne, J. H.; Bol, AWJM; Hop, WCJ; Wijk, R (1992). "Mechanical agitation of very dilute antiserum against IgE has no effect on basophil staining properties". Experientia. 48 (5): 504–08. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01928175">10.1007/BF01928175</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1376282">1376282</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32110713">32110713</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experientia&rft.atitle=Mechanical+agitation+of+very+dilute+antiserum+against+IgE+has+no+effect+on+basophil+staining+properties&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=504-08&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A32110713%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1376282&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01928175&rft.aulast=Ovelg%C3%B6nne&rft.aufirst=J.+H.&rft.au=Bol%2C+AWJM&rft.au=Hop%2C+WCJ&rft.au=Wijk%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid16722785-183"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid16722785_183-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWittBluthHinderlichAlbrecht2006" class="citation journal cs1">Witt, Claudia M; Bluth, M; Hinderlich, S; Albrecht, H; Ludtke, R; Weisshuhn, Thorolf ER; Willich, Stefan N (2006). "Does potentized HgCl2 (mercurius corrosivus) affect the activity of diastase and amylase?". Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 12 (4): 359–65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1089%2Facm.2006.12.359">10.1089/acm.2006.12.359</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16722785">16722785</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Alternative+and+Complementary+Medicine&rft.atitle=Does+potentized+HgCl%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E+%28mercurius+corrosivus%29+affect+the+activity+of+diastase+and+amylase%3F&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=359-65&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1089%2Facm.2006.12.359&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16722785&rft.aulast=Witt&rft.aufirst=Claudia+M&rft.au=Bluth%2C+M&rft.au=Hinderlich%2C+S&rft.au=Albrecht%2C+H&rft.au=Ludtke%2C+R&rft.au=Weisshuhn%2C+Thorolf+ER&rft.au=Willich%2C+Stefan+N&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid16036166-184"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid16036166_184-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuggisbergBaumgartnerTschoppHeusser2005" class="citation journal cs1">Guggisberg, A; Baumgartner, S; Tschopp, C; Heusser, P (2005). "Replication study concerning the effects of homeopathic dilutions of histamine on human basophil degranulation in vitro". Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 13 (2): 91–100. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ctim.2005.04.003">10.1016/j.ctim.2005.04.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16036166">16036166</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Complementary+Therapies+in+Medicine&rft.atitle=Replication+study+concerning+the+effects+of+homeopathic+dilutions+of+histamine+on+human+basophil+degranulation+in+vitro&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=91-100&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ctim.2005.04.003&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16036166&rft.aulast=Guggisberg&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Baumgartner%2C+S&rft.au=Tschopp%2C+C&rft.au=Heusser%2C+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVickers1999" class="citation journal cs1">Vickers, AJ (December 1999). "Independent replication of pre-clinical research in homeopathy: a systematic review". Forschende Komplementärmedizin. 6 (6): 311–20. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000021286">10.1159/000021286</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10649002">10649002</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22051466">22051466</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forschende+Komplement%C3%A4rmedizin&rft.atitle=Independent+replication+of+pre-clinical+research+in+homeopathy%3A+a+systematic+review.&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=311-20&rft.date=1999-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A22051466%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10649002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1159%2F000021286&rft.aulast=Vickers&rft.aufirst=AJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownEnnis2001" class="citation journal cs1">Brown, V; Ennis, M (April 2001). "Flow-cytometric analysis of basophil activation: inhibition by histamine at conventional and homeopathic concentrations". Inflammation Research. 50 (Suppl 2): S47–48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FPL00022402">10.1007/PL00022402</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11411598">11411598</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10880180">10880180</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inflammation+Research&rft.atitle=Flow-cytometric+analysis+of+basophil+activation%3A+inhibition+by+histamine+at+conventional+and+homeopathic+concentrations&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.pages=S47-48&rft.date=2001-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A10880180%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11411598&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FPL00022402&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=V&rft.au=Ennis%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCumpsEnnisMannaioniRoberfroid2004" class="citation journal cs1">Cumps, J.; Ennis, M.; Mannaioni, P. F.; Roberfroid, M.; Sainte-Laudy, J.; Wiegant, F.A.C.; Belon, P. (April 1, 2004). "Histamine dilutions modulate basophil activation". Inflammation Research. 53 (5): 181–88. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00011-003-1242-0">10.1007/s00011-003-1242-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15105967">15105967</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8682416">8682416</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inflammation+Research&rft.atitle=Histamine+dilutions+modulate+basophil+activation&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=181-88&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8682416%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15105967&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00011-003-1242-0&rft.aulast=Cumps&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Ennis%2C+M.&rft.au=Mannaioni%2C+P.+F.&rft.au=Roberfroid%2C+M.&rft.au=Sainte-Laudy%2C+J.&rft.au=Wiegant%2C+F.A.C.&rft.au=Belon%2C+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2002/homeopathytrans.shtml">"Homeopathy: The Test"</a>. BBC. Retrieved April 29, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homeopathy%3A+The+Test&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fscience%2Fhorizon%2F2002%2Fhomeopathytrans.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWittBluthAlbrechtWeisshuhn2007" class="citation journal cs1">Witt, CM; Bluth, M; Albrecht, H; Weisshuhn, TE; Baumgartner, S; Willich, SN (June 2007). "The in vitro evidence for an effect of high homeopathic potencies--a systematic review of the literature". Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 15 (2): 128–38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ctim.2007.01.011">10.1016/j.ctim.2007.01.011</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17544864">17544864</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Complementary+Therapies+in+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+in+vitro+evidence+for+an+effect+of+high+homeopathic+potencies--a+systematic+review+of+the+literature&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=128-38&rft.date=2007-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ctim.2007.01.011&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17544864&rft.aulast=Witt&rft.aufirst=CM&rft.au=Bluth%2C+M&rft.au=Albrecht%2C+H&rft.au=Weisshuhn%2C+TE&rft.au=Baumgartner%2C+S&rft.au=Willich%2C+SN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavenasBeauvaisAmaraOberbaum1988" class="citation journal cs1">Davenas, E.; Beauvais, F.; Amara, J.; Oberbaum, M.; Robinzon, B.; Miadonnai, A.; Tedeschi, A.; Pomeranz, B.; Fortner, P.; Belon, P.; Sainte-Laudy, J. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/articles/333816a0">"Human basophil degranulation triggered by very dilute antiserum against IgE"</a>. Nature. 333 (6176): 816–818. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Natur.333..816D">1988Natur.333..816D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F333816a0">10.1038/333816a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2455231">2455231</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12992106">12992106</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Human+basophil+degranulation+triggered+by+very+dilute+antiserum+against+IgE&rft.volume=333&rft.issue=6176&rft.pages=816-818&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A12992106%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988Natur.333..816D&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F333816a0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2455231&rft.aulast=Davenas&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Beauvais%2C+F.&rft.au=Amara%2C+J.&rft.au=Oberbaum%2C+M.&rft.au=Robinzon%2C+B.&rft.au=Miadonnai%2C+A.&rft.au=Tedeschi%2C+A.&rft.au=Pomeranz%2C+B.&rft.au=Fortner%2C+P.&rft.au=Belon%2C+P.&rft.au=Sainte-Laudy%2C+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2F333816a0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-delusion-191"><a href="#cite_ref-delusion_191-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaddoxRandiStewart1988" class="citation journal cs1">Maddox, J; Randi, J; Stewart, W (1988). ""High-dilution" experiments a delusion". Nature. 334 (6180): 287–91. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Natur.334..287M">1988Natur.334..287M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F334287a0">10.1038/334287a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2455869">2455869</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9579433">9579433</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=%22High-dilution%22+experiments+a+delusion&rft.volume=334&rft.issue=6180&rft.pages=287-91&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F334287a0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9579433%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2455869&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988Natur.334..287M&rft.aulast=Maddox&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Randi%2C+J&rft.au=Stewart%2C+W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sullivan_1988-07-27-192"><a href="#cite_ref-Sullivan_1988-07-27_192-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan_W1988" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_S._Sullivan" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter S. Sullivan">Sullivan W</a> (July 27, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/27/us/water-that-has-a-memory-skeptics-win-second-round.html">"Water that has a memory? Skeptics win second round"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved October 3, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Water+that+has+a+memory%3F+Skeptics+win+second+round&rft.date=1988-07-27&rft.au=Sullivan+W&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F07%2F27%2Fus%2Fwater-that-has-a-memory-skeptics-win-second-round.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> Benveniste defended his results by comparing the inquiry to the Salem witch hunts and asserting that "It may be that all of us are wrong in good faith. This is no crime but science as usual and only the future knows." </li> <li id="cite_note-unethical-194"><a href="#cite_ref-unethical_194-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw2010" class="citation journal cs1">Shaw, DM (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fjme.2009.034959">"Homeopathy is where the harm is: Five unethical effects of funding unscientific 'remedies'"</a>. Journal of Medical Ethics. 36 (3): 130–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fjme.2009.034959">10.1136/jme.2009.034959</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20211989">20211989</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:206996446">206996446</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Ethics&rft.atitle=Homeopathy+is+where+the+harm+is%3A+Five+unethical+effects+of+funding+unscientific+%27remedies%27&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=130-31&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A206996446%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20211989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fjme.2009.034959&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=DM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1136%252Fjme.2009.034959&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shaw2010-195"><a href="#cite_ref-Shaw2010_195-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw2010" class="citation journal cs1">Shaw, David (November 4, 2010). "Homeopathy and medical ethics". Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies. 16 (1). Wiley: 17–21. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.2042-7166.2010.01051.x">10.1111/j.2042-7166.2010.01051.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1465-3753">1465-3753</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Focus+on+Alternative+and+Complementary+Therapies&rft.atitle=Homeopathy+and+medical+ethics&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=17-21&rft.date=2010-11-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.2042-7166.2010.01051.x&rft.issn=1465-3753&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Janes-196"><a href="#cite_ref-Janes_196-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHilly_Janes2008" class="citation news cs1">Hilly Janes (September 6, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727183929/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/article4682309.ece">"The Lifestyle 50: The top fifty people who influence the way we eat, exercise and think about ourselves"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/article4682309.ece">the original</a> on July 27, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+Lifestyle+50%3A+The+top+fifty+people+who+influence+the+way+we+eat%2C+exercise+and+think+about+ourselves&rft.date=2008-09-06&rft.au=Hilly+Janes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Flife_and_style%2Farticle4682309.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ernst_memo-197"><a href="#cite_ref-Ernst_memo_197-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmsctech/memo/homeopathy/ucm1602.htm">Memorandum submitted by Edzard Ernst HO 16</a> to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoseley_S2008" class="citation news cs1">Boseley S (July 21, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2003/sep/25/scienceinterviews.health">"The alternative professor"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+alternative+professor&rft.date=2008-07-21&rft.au=Boseley+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2003%2Fsep%2F25%2Fscienceinterviews.health&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Con?-199"><a href="#cite_ref-Con?_199-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090427070400/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-wellbeing/features/complementary-therapies-the-big-con-813248.html">"Complementary therapies: The big con?"</a>. The Independent. London. April 22, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-wellbeing/features/complementary-therapies-the-big-con-813248.html">the original</a> on April 27, 2009. Retrieved May 4, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Complementary+therapies%3A+The+big+con%3F&rft.date=2008-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Fhealth-and-wellbeing%2Ffeatures%2Fcomplementary-therapies-the-big-con-813248.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSample_I2008" class="citation news cs1">Sample I (July 21, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2008/jul/21/pharmacists.homeophathy">"Pharmacists urged to 'tell the truth' about homeopathic remedies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Pharmacists+urged+to+%27tell+the+truth%27+about+homeopathic+remedies&rft.date=2008-07-21&rft.au=Sample+I&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2008%2Fjul%2F21%2Fpharmacists.homeophathy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ASA-201"><a href="#cite_ref-ASA_201-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130706020223/http://asa.org.uk/Rulings/Adjudications/2013/7/Society-of-Homeopaths/SHP_ADJ_157043.aspx">"ASA adjudication on Society of Homeopaths"</a>. ASA. July 3, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asa.org.uk/Rulings/Adjudications/2013/7/Society-of-Homeopaths/SHP_ADJ_157043.aspx">the original</a> on July 6, 2013. Retrieved July 4, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ASA+adjudication+on+Society+of+Homeopaths&rft.pub=ASA&rft.date=2013-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asa.org.uk%2FRulings%2FAdjudications%2F2013%2F7%2FSociety-of-Homeopaths%2FSHP_ADJ_157043.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACCC-202"><a href="#cite_ref-ACCC_202-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accc.gov.au/media-release/court-imposes-penalty-for-false-or-misleading-claims-by-homeopathy-plus-and-ms-frances-sheffield">"Court imposes penalty for false or misleading claims by Homeopathy Plus and Ms Frances Sheffield"</a>. ACCC. October 14, 2015. Retrieved March 31, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Court+imposes+penalty+for+false+or+misleading+claims+by+Homeopathy+Plus+and+Ms+Frances+Sheffield&rft.pub=ACCC&rft.date=2015-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.accc.gov.au%2Fmedia-release%2Fcourt-imposes-penalty-for-false-or-misleading-claims-by-homeopathy-plus-and-ms-frances-sheffield&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDantasRampes2000" class="citation journal cs1">Dantas, F; Rampes, H (2000). "Do homeopathic medicines provoke adverse effects? A systematic review". British Homoeopathic Journal. 89: S35–S38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1054%2Fhomp.1999.0378">10.1054/homp.1999.0378</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10939781">10939781</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24738819">24738819</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Homoeopathic+Journal&rft.atitle=Do+homeopathic+medicines+provoke+adverse+effects%3F+A+systematic+review&rft.volume=89&rft.pages=S35-S38&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24738819%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10939781&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1054%2Fhomp.1999.0378&rft.aulast=Dantas&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Rampes%2C+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sr2012-204">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sr2012_204-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sr2012_204-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPosadzkiAlotaibiErnst2012" class="citation journal cs1">Posadzki, P; Alotaibi, A; Ernst, E (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fijcp.12026">"Adverse effects of homeopathy: A systematic review of published case reports and case series"</a>. International Journal of Clinical Practice. 66 (12): 1178–88. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fijcp.12026">10.1111/ijcp.12026</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23163497">23163497</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2930768">2930768</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Clinical+Practice&rft.atitle=Adverse+effects+of+homeopathy%3A+A+systematic+review+of+published+case+reports+and+case+series&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1178-88&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2930768%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23163497&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fijcp.12026&rft.aulast=Posadzki&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Alotaibi%2C+A&rft.au=Ernst%2C+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fijcp.12026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStubMusialKristoffersenAlræk2016" class="citation journal cs1">Stub, T; Musial, F; Kristoffersen, AA; Alræk, T; Liu, J (June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://munin.uit.no/bitstream/10037/10908/4/article.pdf">"Adverse effects of homeopathy, what do we know? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"</a> (PDF). Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 26: 146–63. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ctim.2016.03.013">10.1016/j.ctim.2016.03.013</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10037%2F10908">10037/10908</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27261996">27261996</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Complementary+Therapies+in+Medicine&rft.atitle=Adverse+effects+of+homeopathy%2C+what+do+we+know%3F+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis+of+randomized+controlled+trials&rft.volume=26&rft.pages=146-63&rft.date=2016-06&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10037%2F10908&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27261996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ctim.2016.03.013&rft.aulast=Stub&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Musial%2C+F&rft.au=Kristoffersen%2C+AA&rft.au=Alr%C3%A6k%2C+T&rft.au=Liu%2C+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmunin.uit.no%2Fbitstream%2F10037%2F10908%2F4%2Farticle.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-J_Toxicology:_Arsenic_toxicity-206"><a href="#cite_ref-J_Toxicology:_Arsenic_toxicity_206-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChakrabortiMukherjeeSahaChowdhury2003" class="citation journal cs1">Chakraborti, D; Mukherjee, SC; Saha, KC; Chowdhury, UK; Rahman, MM; Sengupta, MK (2003). "Arsenic toxicity from homeopathic treatment". Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology. 41 (7): 963–67. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1081%2FCLT-120026518">10.1081/CLT-120026518</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14705842">14705842</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25453468">25453468</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology.+Clinical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Arsenic+toxicity+from+homeopathic+treatment&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=963-67&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25453468%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14705842&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1081%2FCLT-120026518&rft.aulast=Chakraborti&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Mukherjee%2C+SC&rft.au=Saha%2C+KC&rft.au=Chowdhury%2C+UK&rft.au=Rahman%2C+MM&rft.au=Sengupta%2C+MK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> Sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJulianne_Pepitone2009" class="citation news cs1">Julianne Pepitone (June 16, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2009/06/16/news/companies/zicam_sense_of_smell/index.htm?section=money_latest">"Zicam may damage sense of smell – FDA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNNMoney.com" class="mw-redirect" title="CNNMoney.com">CNNMoney.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Zicam+may+damage+sense+of+smell+%E2%80%93+FDA&rft.date=2009-06-16&rft.au=Julianne+Pepitone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2009%2F06%2F16%2Fnews%2Fcompanies%2Fzicam_sense_of_smell%2Findex.htm%3Fsection%3Dmoney_latest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm166834.htm">"Information on Zicam Cold Remedy nasal gel, Zicam Cold Remedy nasal swabs, and Zicam Cold Remedy swabs, kids size"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Food and Drug Administration (United States)">FDA</a>. June 16, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Information+on+Zicam+Cold+Remedy+nasal+gel%2C+Zicam+Cold+Remedy+nasal+swabs%2C+and+Zicam+Cold+Remedy+swabs%2C+kids+size&rft.pub=FDA&rft.date=2009-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2FDrugs%2FDrugSafety%2FPostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders%2Fucm166834.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDAconsumers-208"><a href="#cite_ref-FDAconsumers_208-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/safety/medwatch/safetyinformation/safetyalertsforhumanmedicalproducts/ucm523435.htm">"Homeopathic Teething Tablets and Gels: FDA Warning – Risk to Infants and Children"</a>. FDA. September 30, 2016. Retrieved October 17, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homeopathic+Teething+Tablets+and+Gels%3A+FDA+Warning+%E2%80%93+Risk+to+Infants+and+Children&rft.pub=FDA&rft.date=2016-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fsafety%2Fmedwatch%2Fsafetyinformation%2Fsafetyalertsforhumanmedicalproducts%2Fucm523435.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDANewsRelease-209"><a href="#cite_ref-FDANewsRelease_209-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm523468.htm">"FDA warns against the use of homeopathic teething tablets and gels"</a>. FDA. September 30, 2016. Retrieved October 17, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FDA+warns+against+the+use+of+homeopathic+teething+tablets+and+gels&rft.pub=FDA&rft.date=2016-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2FNewsEvents%2FNewsroom%2FPressAnnouncements%2Fucm523468.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-arstechnicaFDA-210"><a href="#cite_ref-arstechnicaFDA_210-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMole,_Beth2016" class="citation web cs1">Mole, Beth (October 13, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arstechnica.co.uk/science/2016/10/fda-homeopathic-teething-gels-may-have-killed-10-babies-sickened-400/">"FDA: Homeopathic teething gels may have killed 10 babies, sickened 400"</a>. Ars Technica UK. Retrieved October 17, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FDA%3A+Homeopathic+teething+gels+may+have+killed+10+babies%2C+sickened+400&rft.pub=Ars+Technica+UK&rft.date=2016-10-13&rft.au=Mole%2C+Beth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.co.uk%2Fscience%2F2016%2F10%2Ffda-homeopathic-teething-gels-may-have-killed-10-babies-sickened-400%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mayo_Clinic_Proceedings:_trials-211"><a href="#cite_ref-Mayo_Clinic_Proceedings:_trials_211-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltuncPittlerErnst2007" class="citation journal cs1">Altunc, U.; Pittler, M. H.; Ernst, E (2007). "Homeopathy for childhood and adolescence ailments: systematic review of randomized clinical trials". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 82 (1): 69–75. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.456.5352">10.1.1.456.5352</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4065%2F82.1.69">10.4065/82.1.69</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17285788">17285788</a>. <q>However, homeopathy is not totally devoid of risks... it may delay effective treatment or diagnosis</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mayo+Clinic+Proceedings&rft.atitle=Homeopathy+for+childhood+and+adolescence+ailments%3A+systematic+review+of+randomized+clinical+trials&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=69-75&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.456.5352%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17285788&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4065%2F82.1.69&rft.aulast=Altunc&rft.aufirst=U.&rft.au=Pittler%2C+M.+H.&rft.au=Ernst%2C+E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid12974558-212"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid12974558_212-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalikGopalan2002" class="citation journal cs1">Malik, IA; Gopalan, S (2002). "Use of CAM results in delay in seeking medical advice for breast cancer". European Journal of Epidemiology. 18 (8): 817–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1025343720564">10.1023/A:1025343720564</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12974558">12974558</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19059757">19059757</a>. <q>CAM use [in the developing countries this study solely considered] was associated with delay in seeking medical advice (OR: 5.6; 95% CI: 2.3, 13.3) and presentation at an advanced stage of disease</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Use+of+CAM+results+in+delay+in+seeking+medical+advice+for+breast+cancer&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=817-22&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A19059757%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12974558&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1025343720564&rft.aulast=Malik&rft.aufirst=IA&rft.au=Gopalan%2C+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid8554846-213">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid8554846_213-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid8554846_213-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnstWhite1995" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edzard_Ernst" title="Edzard Ernst">Ernst, E</a>; White, AR (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1239445">"Homoeopathy and immunization"</a>. The British Journal of General Practice. 45 (400): 629–30. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1239445">1239445</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8554846">8554846</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+British+Journal+of+General+Practice&rft.atitle=Homoeopathy+and+immunization&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=400&rft.pages=629-30&rft.date=1995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1239445%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8554846&rft.aulast=Ernst&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=White%2C+AR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1239445&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_malaria-214">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_malaria_214-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_malaria_214-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_malaria_214-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones_M2006" class="citation news cs1">Jones M (July 14, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/5178122.stm">"Malaria advice 'risks lives'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsnight" title="Newsnight">Newsnight</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">BBC Television</a>. Retrieved March 24, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsnight&rft.atitle=Malaria+advice+%27risks+lives%27&rft.date=2006-07-14&rft.au=Jones+M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fprogrammes%2Fnewsnight%2F5178122.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://klnran.ru/en/2017/02/memorandum02-homeopathy/">"Memorandum #2. Homeopathy as pseudoscience"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Pseudoscience" title="Commission on Pseudoscience">Commission on Pseudoscience</a>. February 7, 2017. Retrieved March 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commission+on+Pseudoscience&rft.atitle=Memorandum+%232.+Homeopathy+as+pseudoscience&rft.date=2017-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fklnran.ru%2Fen%2F2017%2F02%2Fmemorandum02-homeopathy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baby_Gloria-216"><a href="#cite_ref-Baby_Gloria_216-0">^</a> Case of Baby Gloria, who died in 2002: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121118064506/http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/homeopath-thomas-sam-guilty-of-daughter-glorias-death/story-e6freuy9-1225723018271">"Homeopath Thomas Sam guilty of daughter Gloria's death"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph_(Sydney)" title="The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)">The Daily Telegraph</a>. Sydney. June 5, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/homeopath-thomas-sam-guilty-of-daughter-glorias-death/story-e6freuy9-1225723018271">the original</a> on November 18, 2012. Retrieved March 17, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Homeopath+Thomas+Sam+guilty+of+daughter+Gloria%27s+death&rft.date=2009-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fnews%2Fhomeopath-thomas-sam-guilty-of-daughter-glorias-death%2Fstory-e6freuy9-1225723018271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100625160931/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/news/national/national/general/parents-guilty-of-manslaughter-over-daughters-eczema-death/1533293.aspx">"Parents guilty of manslaughter over daughter's eczema death"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Canberra_Times" title="The Canberra Times">The Canberra Times</a>. June 5, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canberratimes.com.au/news/national/national/general/parents-guilty-of-manslaughter-over-daughters-eczema-death/1533293.aspx">the original</a> on June 25, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canberra+Times&rft.atitle=Parents+guilty+of+manslaughter+over+daughter%27s+eczema+death&rft.date=2009-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canberratimes.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fnational%2Fgeneral%2Fparents-guilty-of-manslaughter-over-daughters-eczema-death%2F1533293.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dingle-217">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dingle_217-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dingle_217-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlastair_Neil_HopeState_Coroner" class="citation web cs1">Alastair Neil Hope; State Coroner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/68731728/Coroner-Dingle-Finding">"Coroner's inquest into the death of Penelope Dingle. Ref No: 17/10"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coroner%27s+inquest+into+the+death+of+Penelope+Dingle.+Ref+No%3A+17%2F10&rft.au=Alastair+Neil+Hope&rft.au=State+Coroner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F68731728%2FCoroner-Dingle-Finding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmukler_AV2006" class="citation book cs1">Schmukler AV (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E1fVzLCmk5gC&q=suppression+homeopathy&pg=PA16">Homeopathy: An A to Z Home Handbook</a>. Llewellyn Worldwide. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7387-0873-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7387-0873-7"><bdi>978-0-7387-0873-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homeopathy%3A+An+A+to+Z+Home+Handbook&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Llewellyn+Worldwide&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7387-0873-7&rft.au=Schmukler+AV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE1fVzLCmk5gC%26q%3Dsuppression%2Bhomeopathy%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell_A1978" class="citation journal cs1">Campbell A (October 1978). "The science of homoeopathy, by G. Vithoulkas". British Homoeopathic Journal (book review). 67 (4): 299–301. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0007-0785%2878%2980061-1">10.1016/S0007-0785(78)80061-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:69144584">69144584</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Homoeopathic+Journal&rft.atitle=The+science+of+homoeopathy%2C+by+G.+Vithoulkas&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=299-301&rft.date=1978-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0007-0785%2878%2980061-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A69144584%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Campbell+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Birnbaum-220"><a href="#cite_ref-Birnbaum_220-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirnbaumGoldschmidtBuffett1999" class="citation journal cs1">Birnbaum NR, Goldschmidt RH, Buffett WO (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606033808/http://www.aafp.org/afp/990415ap/2233.html">"Resolving the common clinical dilemmas of syphilis"</a>. American Family Physician. 59 (8): 2233–40, 2245–46. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10221308">10221308</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aafp.org/afp/990415ap/2233.html">the original</a> on June 6, 2011. Retrieved September 3, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Family+Physician&rft.atitle=Resolving+the+common+clinical+dilemmas+of+syphilis&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=2233-40%2C+2245-46&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10221308&rft.aulast=Birnbaum&rft.aufirst=NR&rft.au=Goldschmidt%2C+RH&rft.au=Buffett%2C+WO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aafp.org%2Fafp%2F990415ap%2F2233.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-malaria-221"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC-malaria_221-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/9341713.stm">"Is bad homeopathic advice putting travellers at risk?"</a>. Newsnight. BBC. January 5, 2011. Retrieved January 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsnight&rft.atitle=Is+bad+homeopathic+advice+putting+travellers+at+risk%3F&rft.date=2011-01-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fprogrammes%2Fnewsnight%2F9341713.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid9243229-222"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid9243229_222-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnst1997" class="citation journal cs1">Ernst, E. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs004310050650">"The attitude against immunisation within some branches of complementary medicine"</a>. European Journal of Pediatrics. 156 (7): 513–15. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs004310050650">10.1007/s004310050650</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9243229">9243229</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25420567">25420567</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Pediatrics&rft.atitle=The+attitude+against+immunisation+within+some+branches+of+complementary+medicine&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=513-15&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25420567%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9243229&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs004310050650&rft.aulast=Ernst&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs004310050650&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnst2001" class="citation journal cs1">Ernst, E (2001). "Rise in popularity of complementary and alternative medicine: reasons and consequences for vaccination". Vaccine. 20: S90–93, discussion S89. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0264-410X%2801%2900290-0">10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00290-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11587822">11587822</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Rise+in+popularity+of+complementary+and+alternative+medicine%3A+reasons+and+consequences+for+vaccination&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=S90-93%2C+discussion+S89&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0264-410X%2801%2900290-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11587822&rft.aulast=Ernst&rft.aufirst=E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPray_WS1996" class="citation journal cs1">Pray WS (1996). "The challenge to professionalism presented by homeopathy". American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 60 (2): 198–204. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0002-9459%2824%2904582-0">10.1016/S0002-9459(24)04582-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Pharmaceutical+Education&rft.atitle=The+challenge+to+professionalism+presented+by+homeopathy&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=198-204&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0002-9459%2824%2904582-0&rft.au=Pray+WS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPray_WS1992" class="citation journal cs1">Pray WS (1992). "A challenge to the credibility of homeopathy". American Journal of Pain Management (2): 63–71.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Pain+Management&rft.atitle=A+challenge+to+the+credibility+of+homeopathy&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=63-71&rft.date=1992&rft.au=Pray+WS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglish1992" class="citation journal cs1">English, J (1992). "The issue of immunization". British Homoeopathic Journal. 81 (4): 161–63. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0007-0785%2805%2980171-1">10.1016/S0007-0785(05)80171-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:71502677">71502677</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Homoeopathic+Journal&rft.atitle=The+issue+of+immunization&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=161-63&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0007-0785%2805%2980171-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A71502677%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=English&rft.aufirst=J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBC-Irresponsible-227"><a href="#cite_ref-CBC-Irresponsible_227-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/health/vaccine-alternatives-offered-by-homeopaths-irresponsible-1.2852408">"Vaccine alternatives offered by homeopaths 'irresponsible'"</a>. Marketplace. CBC. November 28, 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Marketplace&rft.atitle=Vaccine+alternatives+offered+by+homeopaths+%27irresponsible%27&rft.date=2014-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fhealth%2Fvaccine-alternatives-offered-by-homeopaths-irresponsible-1.2852408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-Poling-228"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC-Poling_228-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoling,_Samantha2010" class="citation news cs1">Poling, Samantha (September 13, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-11277990">"Doctors warn over homeopathic 'vaccines'"</a>. BBC. Retrieved January 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Doctors+warn+over+homeopathic+%27vaccines%27&rft.date=2010-09-13&rft.au=Poling%2C+Samantha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-11277990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACCC-HPlus-229"><a href="#cite_ref-ACCC-HPlus_229-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accc.gov.au/media-release/court-finds-homeopathy-plus-vaccine-claims-misleading">"Court finds Homeopathy Plus! vaccine claims misleading"</a>. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. December 23, 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Court+finds+Homeopathy+Plus%21+vaccine+claims+misleading&rft.pub=Australian+Competition+and+Consumer+Commission&rft.date=2014-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.accc.gov.au%2Fmedia-release%2Fcourt-finds-homeopathy-plus-vaccine-claims-misleading&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRushtonFoggoBarnes2019" class="citation news cs1">Rushton, Katherine; Foggo, Daniel; Barnes, Sophie (November 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/11/01/homeopaths-warning-mothers-not-have-children-vaccinated-investigation/">"Homeopaths warning mothers not to have children vaccinated, investigation reveals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/11/01/homeopaths-warning-mothers-not-have-children-vaccinated-investigation/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Homeopaths+warning+mothers+not+to+have+children+vaccinated%2C+investigation+reveals&rft.date=2019-11-01&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Rushton&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft.au=Foggo%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Barnes%2C+Sophie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2019%2F11%2F01%2Fhomeopaths-warning-mothers-not-have-children-vaccinated-investigation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian_malaria-231">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_malaria_231-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_malaria_231-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJha_A2006" class="citation news cs1">Jha A (July 14, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/story/0,,1820103,00.html">"Homeopaths 'endangering lives' by offering malaria remedies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Homeopaths+%27endangering+lives%27+by+offering+malaria+remedies&rft.date=2006-07-14&rft.au=Jha+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C1820103%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid11082104-232">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid11082104_232-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid11082104_232-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarr2000" class="citation journal cs1">Starr, M. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1119021">"Malaria affects children and pregnant women most"</a>. BMJ. 321 (7271): 1288. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.321.7271.1288">10.1136/bmj.321.7271.1288</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1119021">1119021</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11082103">11082103</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ&rft.atitle=Malaria+affects+children+and+pregnant+women+most&rft.volume=321&rft.issue=7271&rft.pages=1288&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1119021%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11082103&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.321.7271.1288&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1119021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coffman-233"><a href="#cite_ref-Coffman_233-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoffman,_Becky2019" class="citation web cs1">Coffman, Becky (January 28, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140324180407/https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/stories/homeopathic_drugs.html">"A cautionary tale: the risks of unproven antimalarials"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Centers for Disease Control">Centers for Disease Control</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/stories/homeopathic_drugs.html">the original</a> on March 24, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+cautionary+tale%3A+the+risks+of+unproven+antimalarials&rft.pub=Centers+for+Disease+Control&rft.date=2019-01-28&rft.au=Coffman%2C+Becky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fmalaria%2Fstories%2Fhomeopathic_drugs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPray_WS2006" class="citation journal cs1">Pray WS (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1803699">"Ethical, scientific, and educational concerns with unproven medications"</a>. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 70 (6): 141. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5688%2Faj7006141">10.5688/aj7006141</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1803699">1803699</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17332867">17332867</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Pharmaceutical+Education&rft.atitle=Ethical%2C+scientific%2C+and+educational+concerns+with+unproven+medications&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=141&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1803699%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17332867&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5688%2Faj7006141&rft.au=Pray+WS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1803699&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Who_Legal-235">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Who_Legal_235-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who_Legal_235-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who_Legal_235-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who_Legal_235-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who_Legal_235-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090927001352/http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/pdf/h2943e/h2943e.pdf">"Legal Status of Traditional Medicine and Complementary/Alternative Medicine: A Worldwide Review"</a> (PDF). World Health Organization. 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/pdf/h2943e/h2943e.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on September 27, 2009. Retrieved September 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=Legal+Status+of+Traditional+Medicine+and+Complementary%2FAlternative+Medicine%3A+A+Worldwide+Review&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.who.int%2Fmedicinedocs%2Fpdf%2Fh2943e%2Fh2943e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO_traditional-236">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WHO_traditional_236-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO_traditional_236-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/traditional-complementary-integrative-medicine/WhoGlobalReportOnTraditionalAndComplementaryMedicine2019.pdf?ua=1">"WHO global report on traditional and complementary medicine 2019"</a> (PDF). WHO. June 4, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WHO&rft.atitle=WHO+global+report+on+traditional+and+complementary+medicine+2019&rft.date=2019-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Ftraditional-complementary-integrative-medicine%2FWhoGlobalReportOnTraditionalAndComplementaryMedicine2019.pdf%3Fua%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2017" class="citation news cs1">Green, Chris (August 2, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inews.co.uk/news/health/scotland-urged-stop-funding-homeopathy-nhs-522057">"Scotland urged to stop funding homeopathy on NHS"</a>. iNews. Retrieved January 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Scotland+urged+to+stop+funding+homeopathy+on+NHS&rft.date=2017-08-02&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finews.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fhealth%2Fscotland-urged-stop-funding-homeopathy-nhs-522057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarinval" class="citation web cs1">Clarinval, France. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.rtl.lu/news/luxembourg/a/1393668.html">"Homeopathy to remain reimbursable in Luxembourg"</a>. today.rt.lu. RTL Today. Retrieved May 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=today.rt.lu&rft.atitle=Homeopathy+to+remain+reimbursable+in+Luxembourg&rft.aulast=Clarinval&rft.aufirst=France&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.rtl.lu%2Fnews%2Fluxembourg%2Fa%2F1393668.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHauptverband_der_österreichischen_Sozialversicherungsträger2004" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Central_Association_of_Austrian_Social_Insurance_Authorities" title="Central Association of Austrian Social Insurance Authorities">Hauptverband der österreichischen Sozialversicherungsträger</a> (March 31, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706091417/https://www.avsv.at/avi/dokument/dokumentanzeige.xhtml?dokid=2004%3D34&dokStat=0&csrId=1736&tlId=1231413537940">"Liste nicht erstattungsfähiger Arzneimittelkategorien gemäß § 351c Abs. 2 ASVG (List of treatments not reimbursable by social service providers in Austria)"</a> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avsv.at/avi/dokument/dokumentanzeige.xhtml?dokid=2004%3D34&dokStat=0&csrId=1736&tlId=1231413537940">the original</a> on July 6, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liste+nicht+erstattungsf%C3%A4higer+Arzneimittelkategorien+gem%C3%A4%C3%9F+%C2%A7+351c+Abs.+2+ASVG+%28List+of+treatments+not+reimbursable+by+social+service+providers+in+Austria%29&rft.date=2004-03-31&rft.au=Hauptverband+der+%C3%B6sterreichischen+Sozialversicherungstr%C3%A4ger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avsv.at%2Favi%2Fdokument%2Fdokumentanzeige.xhtml%3Fdokid%3D2004%253D34%26dokStat%3D0%26csrId%3D1736%26tlId%3D1231413537940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <cite>Rechtssatz (legal rule)</cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Justiz/JJR_19940228_OGH0002_010OBS00103_9300000_001/JJR_19940228_OGH0002_010OBS00103_9300000_001.pdf"> RS0083796 (in German)</a> (Oberster Gerichtshof (Austrian supreme court) February 28, 1994). </li> <li id="cite_note-Undark_2020-09-02-241">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Undark_2020-09-02_241-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Undark_2020-09-02_241-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Undark_2020-09-02_241-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Undark_2020-09-02_241-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Undark_2020-09-02_241-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undark.org/2020/03/16/homeopathy-globuli-germany/">"In Germany, a Heated Debate Over Homeopathy"</a>. Undark Magazine. March 16, 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Undark+Magazine&rft.atitle=In+Germany%2C+a+Heated+Debate+Over+Homeopathy&rft.date=2020-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fundark.org%2F2020%2F03%2F16%2Fhomeopathy-globuli-germany%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EndofHomeopathy-242"><a href="#cite_ref-EndofHomeopathy_242-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2805%2967149-8">"The end of homoeopathy"</a>. The Lancet. 366 (9487): 690. 2005. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2805%2967149-8">10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67149-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16125567">16125567</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6115077">6115077</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet&rft.atitle=The+end+of+homoeopathy&rft.volume=366&rft.issue=9487&rft.pages=690&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A6115077%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16125567&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2805%2967149-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS0140-6736%252805%252967149-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDacey_J2011" class="citation web cs1">Dacey J (January 14, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140422184705/http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/swiss_news/Alternative_therapies_are_put_to_the_test.html?cid=29242484">"Alternative therapies are put to the test"</a>. swissinfo.ch. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/swiss_news/Alternative_therapies_are_put_to_the_test.html?cid=29242484">the original</a> on April 22, 2014. Retrieved January 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alternative+therapies+are+put+to+the+test&rft.pub=swissinfo.ch&rft.date=2011-01-14&rft.au=Dacey+J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Feng%2Fswiss_news%2FAlternative_therapies_are_put_to_the_test.html%3Fcid%3D29242484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTagesschau2024" class="citation web cs1">Tagesschau (January 11, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/innenpolitik/lauterbach-homoeopathie-kassenleistung-100.html">""Homöopathie macht als Kassenleistung keinen Sinn""</a>. tagesschau.de. Retrieved January 18, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Hom%C3%B6opathie+macht+als+Kassenleistung+keinen+Sinn%22&rft.pub=tagesschau.de&rft.date=2024-01-11&rft.au=Tagesschau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesschau.de%2Finland%2Finnenpolitik%2Flauterbach-homoeopathie-kassenleistung-100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NHS_Homeo-245">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NHS_Homeo_245-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NHS_Homeo_245-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/homeopathy/">"Homeopathy"</a>. nhs.uk. October 18, 2017. Retrieved September 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nhs.uk&rft.atitle=Homeopathy&rft.date=2017-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhs.uk%2Fconditions%2Fhomeopathy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/homeopathy/">"Homeopathy"</a>. nhs.uk. October 18, 2017. Retrieved January 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nhs.uk&rft.atitle=Homeopathy&rft.date=2017-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhs.uk%2Fconditions%2Fhomeopathy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonnellyTaylor2019" class="citation news cs1">Donnelly, Laura; Taylor, Rosie (April 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/04/05/nhs-still-spending-55000-year-homeopathy-despite-ban/">"NHS still spending £55,000 a year on homeopathy, despite ban"</a>. The Telegraph. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/04/05/nhs-still-spending-55000-year-homeopathy-despite-ban/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved January 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=NHS+still+spending+%C2%A355%2C000+a+year+on+homeopathy%2C+despite+ban&rft.date=2019-04-05&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Donnelly&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Rosie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2019%2F04%2F05%2Fnhs-still-spending-55000-year-homeopathy-despite-ban%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NightingaleASA_CAP-248"><a href="#cite_ref-NightingaleASA_CAP_248-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nightingale-collaboration.org/news/185-diluting-misleading-claims-asa-update.html">"Diluting misleading claims – ASA update"</a>. Nightingale Collaboration. September 29, 2016. Retrieved September 30, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Diluting+misleading+claims+%E2%80%93+ASA+update&rft.pub=Nightingale+Collaboration&rft.date=2016-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nightingale-collaboration.org%2Fnews%2F185-diluting-misleading-claims-asa-update.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ASA_CAP-249"><a href="#cite_ref-ASA_CAP_249-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asa.org.uk/News-resources/Media-Centre/2016/Advertising-standards-for-homeopathy.aspx">"Advertising standards for homeopathy"</a>. Advertising Standards Authority. September 29, 2016. Retrieved September 30, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Advertising+standards+for+homeopathy&rft.pub=Advertising+Standards+Authority&rft.date=2016-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asa.org.uk%2FNews-resources%2FMedia-Centre%2F2016%2FAdvertising-standards-for-homeopathy.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LetterToHomeopaths-250"><a href="#cite_ref-LetterToHomeopaths_250-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCAP_Compliance_Team2016" class="citation web cs1">CAP Compliance Team (September 28, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161003143347/https://www.asa.org.uk/News-resources/Media-Centre/2016/~/media/Files/CAP/News/Letter%20to%20Homeopaths.pdf">"Advertising standsards for homeopaths"</a> (PDF). Committee of Advertising Practice. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asa.org.uk/News-resources/Media-Centre/2016/~/media/Files/CAP/News/Letter%20to%20Homeopaths.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on October 3, 2016. Retrieved September 30, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Advertising+standsards+for+homeopaths&rft.pub=Committee+of+Advertising+Practice&rft.date=2016-09-28&rft.au=CAP+Compliance+Team&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asa.org.uk%2FNews-resources%2FMedia-Centre%2F2016%2F~%2Fmedia%2FFiles%2FCAP%2FNews%2FLetter%2520to%2520Homeopaths.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GoodThinking-251"><a href="#cite_ref-GoodThinking_251-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goodthinkingsociety.org/bristol-homeopathic-hospital-cease-offering-homeopathic-treatments/">"Bristol Homeopathic Hospital To Cease Offering Homeopathic Treatments"</a>. Good Thinking. June 5, 2015. Retrieved April 29, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bristol+Homeopathic+Hospital+To+Cease+Offering+Homeopathic+Treatments&rft.pub=Good+Thinking&rft.date=2015-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgoodthinkingsociety.org%2Fbristol-homeopathic-hospital-cease-offering-homeopathic-treatments%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BristolPost-10-06-2015-252"><a href="#cite_ref-BristolPost-10-06-2015_252-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardwell2015" class="citation news cs1">Cardwell, Mark (June 10, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150928025310/http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/Homeopathy-services-longer-available-NHS-Bristol/story-26666377-detail/story.html">"Homeopathy services will no longer be available at Bristol NHS Trust hospitals"</a>. Bristol Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/Homeopathy-services-longer-available-NHS-Bristol/story-26666377-detail/story.html">the original</a> on September 28, 2015. Retrieved April 29, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bristol+Post&rft.atitle=Homeopathy+services+will+no+longer+be+available+at+Bristol+NHS+Trust+hospitals&rft.date=2015-06-10&rft.aulast=Cardwell&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bristolpost.co.uk%2FHomeopathy-services-longer-available-NHS-Bristol%2Fstory-26666377-detail%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Commander_Snake-253">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Commander_Snake_253-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Commander_Snake_253-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Commander_Snake_253-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommander2018" class="citation web cs1">Commander, Emily (October 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2018/10/01/snake-oil-or-science-homeopathy-in-europe">"Snake oil or science? Homeopathy in Europe"</a>. euronews. Retrieved September 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=euronews&rft.atitle=Snake+oil+or+science%3F+Homeopathy+in+Europe&rft.date=2018-10-01&rft.aulast=Commander&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2018%2F10%2F01%2Fsnake-oil-or-science-homeopathy-in-europe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100102154756/http://india.gov.in/citizen/health/healthcare_system.php">"Alternative System of Health Care"</a>. Government of India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.gov.in/citizen/health/healthcare_system.php">the original</a> on January 2, 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alternative+System+of+Health+Care&rft.pub=Government+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findia.gov.in%2Fcitizen%2Fhealth%2Fhealthcare_system.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130822171213/http://indianmedicine.nic.in/index.asp?lang=1">"AYUSH"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. website. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianmedicine.nic.in/index.asp?lang=1">the original</a> on August 22, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=AYUSH&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianmedicine.nic.in%2Findex.asp%3Flang%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homoeoscan.com/2015/06/Kerala-AYUSH-department-Final-nod.html">"Kerala AYUSH department- Final nod"</a>. Homoeoscan. June 4, 2015. Retrieved October 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Homoeoscan&rft.atitle=Kerala+AYUSH+department-+Final+nod&rft.date=2015-06-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homoeoscan.com%2F2015%2F06%2FKerala-AYUSH-department-Final-nod.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100106075646/http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/pcouncil.html">"Professional Councils"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_Grants_Commission_(India)" title="University Grants Commission (India)">University Grants Commission</a> (UGC) website. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/pcouncil.html#CCH">the original</a> on January 6, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Professional+Councils&rft.pub=University+Grants+Commission+%28UGC%29+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ugc.ac.in%2Finside%2Fpcouncil.html%23CCH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091123105853/http://www.cchindia.com/central_act3.htm">"The Homoeopathy Central Council Act, 1973, s. 15 and Sch. II"</a>. Central Council of Homeopathy, India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cchindia.com/central_act3.htm">the original</a> on November 23, 2009. Retrieved January 18, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Homoeopathy+Central+Council+Act%2C+1973%2C+s.+15+and+Sch.+II&rft.pub=Central+Council+of+Homeopathy%2C+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cchindia.com%2Fcentral_act3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/436504-govt-asked-to-set-up-university-to-promote-homoeopathy">"Govt asked to set up university to promote homoeopathy"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Govt+asked+to+set+up+university+to+promote+homoeopathy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenews.com.pk%2Fprint%2F436504-govt-asked-to-set-up-university-to-promote-homoeopathy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMANDHANI2017" class="citation news cs1">MANDHANI, APOORVA (August 8, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livelaw.in/gujarat-hc-quashes-rules-permitting-common-counselling-state-management-quota-seats-ayurveda-colleges-read-judgment/">"Gujarat HC Quashes Rules Permitting Common Counselling By State For Management Quota Seats in Ayurveda Colleges [Read Judgment]"</a>. Live Law.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gujarat+HC+Quashes+Rules+Permitting+Common+Counselling+By+State+For+Management+Quota+Seats+in+Ayurveda+Colleges+%5BRead+Judgment%5D&rft.date=2017-08-08&rft.aulast=MANDHANI&rft.aufirst=APOORVA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livelaw.in%2Fgujarat-hc-quashes-rules-permitting-common-counselling-state-management-quota-seats-ayurveda-colleges-read-judgment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180108062819/https://www.northeasttoday.in/alternative-medicine-emerging-careers/">"Alternative Medicine: Emerging Careers"</a>. northeasttoday.in. March 23, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.northeasttoday.in/alternative-medicine-emerging-careers/">the original</a> on January 8, 2018. Retrieved March 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Alternative+Medicine%3A+Emerging+Careers&rft.date=2017-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.northeasttoday.in%2Falternative-medicine-emerging-careers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7u8QjjEwif4C&q=bachelor+of+homoeopathy+medicine+and+surgery+in+bangladesh">"Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh"</a>. 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+Yearbook+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7u8QjjEwif4C%26q%3Dbachelor%2Bof%2Bhomoeopathy%2Bmedicine%2Band%2Bsurgery%2Bin%2Bbangladesh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.homoeopathicboardbd.org/">"Bangladesh Homoeopathy Board – Bangladesh Homoeopathy Board"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bangladesh+Homoeopathy+Board+%E2%80%93+Bangladesh+Homoeopathy+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.homoeopathicboardbd.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaghu_Korrapati2017" class="citation book cs1">Raghu Korrapati, Dr (July 6, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3RYrDwAAQBAJ&q=Bachelor+of+Homoeopathy+Medicine+and+Surgery&pg=PT77">Educational Equivalency Analysis: India & USA Degrees: 108 India Degrees and Equivalency to USA degrees</a>. Diamond Pocket Books Pvt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5278-117-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5278-117-1"><bdi>978-93-5278-117-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Educational+Equivalency+Analysis%3A+India+%26+USA+Degrees%3A+108+India+Degrees+and+Equivalency+to+USA+degrees&rft.pub=Diamond+Pocket+Books+Pvt&rft.date=2017-07-06&rft.isbn=978-93-5278-117-1&rft.aulast=Raghu+Korrapati&rft.aufirst=Dr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3RYrDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DBachelor%2Bof%2BHomoeopathy%2BMedicine%2Band%2BSurgery%26pg%3DPT77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414135845/https://www.homeopathycenter.org/practicing-studying-homeopathy/">"Practicing & Studying Homeopathy"</a>. The National Center for Homeopathy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.homeopathycenter.org/practicing-studying-homeopathy/">the original</a> on April 14, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National+Center+for+Homeopathy&rft.atitle=Practicing+%26+Studying+Homeopathy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.homeopathycenter.org%2Fpracticing-studying-homeopathy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrazier2015" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kendrick_Frazier" title="Kendrick Frazier">Frazier, Kendrick</a> (2015). "CFI testimony urges FDA to regulate homeopathic products". Skeptical Inquirer. 39 (4): 6–7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skeptical+Inquirer&rft.atitle=CFI+testimony+urges+FDA+to+regulate+homeopathic+products&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=6-7&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Frazier&rft.aufirst=Kendrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fdahearing-267"><a href="#cite_ref-fdahearing_267-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Dora,_Michael2015" class="citation web cs1">De Dora, Michael (April 20, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/NewsEvents/UCM443495.pdf">"Homeopathic product regulation: evaluating the Food and Drug Administration's regulatory framework after a quarter-century. Testimony of the Center for Inquiry to the Food and Drug Administration"</a> (PDF). FDA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homeopathic+product+regulation%3A+evaluating+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration%27s+regulatory+framework+after+a+quarter-century.+Testimony+of+the+Center+for+Inquiry+to+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.pub=FDA&rft.date=2015-04-20&rft.au=De+Dora%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fdownloads%2FDrugs%2FNewsEvents%2FUCM443495.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FTC2016-268"><a href="#cite_ref-FTC2016_268-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/public_statements/996984/p114505_otc_homeopathic_drug_enforcement_policy_statement.pdf">"FTC: Enforcement Policy Statement on Marketing Claims for OTC Homeopathic Drugs"</a> (PDF). Federal Trade Commission. Retrieved November 18, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FTC%3A+Enforcement+Policy+Statement+on+Marketing+Claims+for+OTC+Homeopathic+Drugs&rft.pub=Federal+Trade+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ftc.gov%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fpublic_statements%2F996984%2Fp114505_otc_homeopathic_drug_enforcement_policy_statement.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WSReport-269"><a href="#cite_ref-WSReport_269-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/reports/federal-trade-commission-staff-report-homeopathic-medicine-advertising-workshop/p114505_otc_homeopathic_medicine_and_advertising_workshop_report.pdf">"Homeopathic Medicine & Advertising Workshop Report"</a> (PDF). Federal Trade Commission. Retrieved November 18, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homeopathic+Medicine+%26+Advertising+Workshop+Report&rft.pub=Federal+Trade+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ftc.gov%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Freports%2Ffederal-trade-commission-staff-report-homeopathic-medicine-advertising-workshop%2Fp114505_otc_homeopathic_medicine_and_advertising_workshop_report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.natlawreview.com/article/fda-toughens-enforcement-homeopathic-products">"FDA Toughens Enforcement of Homeopathic Products"</a>. The National Law Review. Retrieved September 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National+Law+Review&rft.atitle=FDA+Toughens+Enforcement+of+Homeopathic+Products&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.natlawreview.com%2Farticle%2Ffda-toughens-enforcement-homeopathic-products&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFResearch2020" class="citation journal cs1">Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and (July 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-drug-class/homeopathic-products">"Homeopathic Products"</a>. FDA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=Homeopathic+Products&rft.date=2020-07-22&rft.aulast=Research&rft.aufirst=Center+for+Drug+Evaluation+and&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fdrugs%2Finformation-drug-class%2Fhomeopathic-products&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirkey2018" class="citation news cs1">Kirkey, Sharon (February 8, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/a-diploma-in-magical-thinking-critics-want-funding-pulled-for-ontario-colleges-homeopathy-course">"'A pseudo-science': Outrage after Ontario government funds college program in homeopathy"</a>. National Post. Retrieved September 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=%27A+pseudo-science%27%3A+Outrage+after+Ontario+government+funds+college+program+in+homeopathy&rft.date=2018-02-08&rft.aulast=Kirkey&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fa-diploma-in-magical-thinking-critics-want-funding-pulled-for-ontario-colleges-homeopathy-course&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanada2006" class="citation web cs1">Canada, Health (October 26, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/natural-non-prescription/legislation-guidelines/guidance-documents/evidence-homeopathic-medicines.html">"Evidence for Homeopathic Medicines"</a>. aem. Retrieved September 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aem&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+Homeopathic+Medicines&rft.date=2006-10-26&rft.aulast=Canada&rft.aufirst=Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fhealth-canada%2Fservices%2Fdrugs-health-products%2Fnatural-non-prescription%2Flegislation-guidelines%2Fguidance-documents%2Fevidence-homeopathic-medicines.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/marketplace/episodes/2014-2015/drugstore-remedies-licence-to-deceive">"Drugstore remedies: Licence to Deceive"</a>. CBC. March 13, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC&rft.atitle=Drugstore+remedies%3A+Licence+to+Deceive&rft.date=2015-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fmarketplace%2Fepisodes%2F2014-2015%2Fdrugstore-remedies-licence-to-deceive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tga.gov.au/consultation/regulation-homoeopathic-and-anthroposophic-medicines-australia">"Regulation of homoeopathic and anthroposophic medicines in Australia"</a>. Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). September 1, 2008. Retrieved September 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Therapeutic+Goods+Administration+%28TGA%29&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+homoeopathic+and+anthroposophic+medicines+in+Australia&rft.date=2008-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tga.gov.au%2Fconsultation%2Fregulation-homoeopathic-and-anthroposophic-medicines-australia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210304103416/https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/7E5846EB2D7BA299CA257F5C007C0E21/$File/review-of-pharmacy-remuneration-and-regulation-final-report.pdf">"Review of Pharmacy Remuneration and Regulation Final Report"</a> (PDF). 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/7E5846EB2D7BA299CA257F5C007C0E21/$File/review-of-pharmacy-remuneration-and-regulation-final-report.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 4, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review+of+Pharmacy+Remuneration+and+Regulation+Final+Report&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww1.health.gov.au%2Finternet%2Fmain%2Fpublishing.nsf%2Fcontent%2F7E5846EB2D7BA299CA257F5C007C0E21%2F%24File%2Freview-of-pharmacy-remuneration-and-regulation-final-report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303041051/https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/7E5846EB2D7BA299CA257F5C007C0E21/$File/Pharmacy-Review-Aus-Gov-Response-3-May-2018.pdf">"AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT RESPONSE TO THE REVIEW OF PHARMACY REMUNERATION AND REGULATION"</a> (PDF). 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/7E5846EB2D7BA299CA257F5C007C0E21/%24File/Pharmacy-Review-Aus-Gov-Response-3-May-2018.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 3, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AUSTRALIAN+GOVERNMENT+RESPONSE+TO+THE+REVIEW+OF+PHARMACY+REMUNERATION+AND+REGULATION&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww1.health.gov.au%2Finternet%2Fmain%2Fpublishing.nsf%2Fcontent%2F7E5846EB2D7BA299CA257F5C007C0E21%2F%2524File%2FPharmacy-Review-Aus-Gov-Response-3-May-2018.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/regulation-health-and-disability-system/natural-health-products">"Natural health products"</a>. Ministry of Health NZ. Retrieved September 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Health+NZ&rft.atitle=Natural+health+products&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.health.govt.nz%2Four-work%2Fregulation-health-and-disability-system%2Fnatural-health-products&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210129025723/https://www.mcnz.org.nz/assets/standards/7eb60db2d2/Doctors-and-CAM-Complementary-and-alternative-medicine.pdf">"Doctors and CAM (complementary and alternative medicine)"</a> (PDF). MEDICAL COUNCIL OF NEW ZEALAND. 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcnz.org.nz/assets/standards/7eb60db2d2/Doctors-and-CAM-Complementary-and-alternative-medicine.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on January 29, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MEDICAL+COUNCIL+OF+NEW+ZEALAND&rft.atitle=Doctors+and+CAM+%28complementary+and+alternative+medicine%29&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcnz.org.nz%2Fassets%2Fstandards%2F7eb60db2d2%2FDoctors-and-CAM-Complementary-and-alternative-medicine.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoltGilbey,_AndrewColquhounDavid2011" class="citation journal cs1">Holt, Shaun; Gilbey, Andrew; Colquhoun; David; Baum, Michael; Ernst, Edzard (April 15, 2011). "Call for doctors not to practice homeopathy or refer to homeopaths". New Zealand Medical Journal. 124 (1332): 87–88. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1175-8716">1175-8716</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21747430">21747430</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Call+for+doctors+not+to+practice+homeopathy+or+refer+to+homeopaths&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=1332&rft.pages=87-88&rft.date=2011-04-15&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21747430&rft.issn=1175-8716&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=Shaun&rft.au=Gilbey%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Colquhoun&rft.au=David&rft.au=Baum%2C+Michael&rft.au=Ernst%2C+Edzard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/homeopathy">"Homeopathy"</a>. NCCIH. Retrieved September 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NCCIH&rft.atitle=Homeopathy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nccih.nih.gov%2Fhealth%2Fhomeopathy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox2017" class="citation web cs1">Fox, Maggie (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/fda-crack-down-snake-oil-homeopathy-n830756">"Homeopathic products useless and often even harmful, FDA says"</a>. NBC News. Retrieved September 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Homeopathic+products+useless+and+often+even+harmful%2C+FDA+says&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fhealth%2Fhealth-news%2Ffda-crack-down-snake-oil-homeopathy-n830756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudraKalraKumarJoe2017" class="citation journal cs1">Rudra, Shalini; Kalra, Aakshi; Kumar, Abhishek; Joe, William (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5417584">"Utilization of alternative systems of medicine as health care services in India: Evidence on AYUSH care from NSS 2014"</a>. PLOS ONE. 12 (5): e0176916. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PLoSO..1276916R">2017PLoSO..1276916R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0176916">10.1371/journal.pone.0176916</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5417584">5417584</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28472197">28472197</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Utilization+of+alternative+systems+of+medicine+as+health+care+services+in+India%3A+Evidence+on+AYUSH+care+from+NSS+2014&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=e0176916&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5417584%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28472197&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0176916&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017PLoSO..1276916R&rft.aulast=Rudra&rft.aufirst=Shalini&rft.au=Kalra%2C+Aakshi&rft.au=Kumar%2C+Abhishek&rft.au=Joe%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5417584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLu2019" class="citation journal cs1">Lu, Di (September 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0041">"'Homoeopathy flourishes in the far East': A forgotten history of homeopathy in late nineteenth-century China"</a>. Notes and Records: The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science. 73 (3): 329–351. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsnr.2018.0041">10.1098/rsnr.2018.0041</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:80714173">80714173</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notes+and+Records%3A+The+Royal+Society+Journal+of+the+History+of+Science&rft.atitle=%27Homoeopathy+flourishes+in+the+far+East%27%3A+A+forgotten+history+of+homeopathy+in+late+nineteenth-century+China&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=329-351&rft.date=2019-09-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsnr.2018.0041&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A80714173%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=Di&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsocietypublishing.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1098%2Frsnr.2018.0041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saxton2007-285"><a href="#cite_ref-Saxton2007_285-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaxton2007" class="citation journal cs1">Saxton, J (2007). "The diversity of veterinary homeopathy". Homeopathy. 96 (1): 3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.homp.2006.11.010">10.1016/j.homp.2006.11.010</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17227741">17227741</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3715861">3715861</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Homeopathy&rft.atitle=The+diversity+of+veterinary+homeopathy&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A3715861%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17227741&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.homp.2006.11.010&rft.aulast=Saxton&rft.aufirst=J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoehringSundrum2016" class="citation journal cs1">Doehring, C.; Sundrum, A. (December 17, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5256414">"Efficacy of homeopathy in livestock according to peer-reviewed publications from 1981 to 2014"</a>. The Veterinary Record. 179 (24): 628. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fvr.103779">10.1136/vr.103779</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0042-4900">0042-4900</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5256414">5256414</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27956476">27956476</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+Record&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+homeopathy+in+livestock+according+to+peer-reviewed+publications+from+1981+to+2014&rft.volume=179&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=628&rft.date=2016-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5256414%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0042-4900&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27956476&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fvr.103779&rft.aulast=Doehring&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Sundrum%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5256414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeesPelligandWhitingChambers2017" class="citation journal cs1">Lees, P.; Pelligand, L.; Whiting, M.; Chambers, D.; Toutain, P-L.; Whitehead, M.L. (August 19, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5738588">"Comparison of veterinary drugs and veterinary homeopathy: part 2"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Veterinary_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="The Veterinary Record">The Veterinary Record</a>. 181 (8): 198–207. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fvr.104279">10.1136/vr.104279</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0042-4900">0042-4900</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5738588">5738588</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28821700">28821700</a>. <q>In human medicine, there may be a place for the counselling/psychotherapeutic aspects of homeopathic consults and the placebo effects generated by homeopathic products in patients who believe in such treatments, but in veterinary medicine these factors are unlikely to benefit patients, and the use of homeopathic products in veterinary medicine is contrary to best evidence, irrational, and inconsistent with current scientific and medical knowledge</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+Record&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+veterinary+drugs+and+veterinary+homeopathy%3A+part+2&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=198-207&rft.date=2017-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5738588%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0042-4900&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28821700&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fvr.104279&rft.aulast=Lees&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Pelligand%2C+L.&rft.au=Whiting%2C+M.&rft.au=Chambers%2C+D.&rft.au=Toutain%2C+P-L.&rft.au=Whitehead%2C+M.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5738588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hektoen-288">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hektoen_288-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hektoen_288-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHektoen2005" class="citation journal cs1">Hektoen, L (2005). "Review of the current involvement of homeopathy in veterinary practice and research". <a href="/wiki/Veterinary_Record" title="Veterinary Record">Veterinary Record</a>. 157 (8): 224–29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fvr.157.8.224">10.1136/vr.157.8.224</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16113167">16113167</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12525634">12525634</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Record&rft.atitle=Review+of+the+current+involvement+of+homeopathy+in+veterinary+practice+and+research&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=224-29&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A12525634%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16113167&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fvr.157.8.224&rft.aulast=Hektoen&rft.aufirst=L&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeesPelligandWhitingChambers2017" class="citation journal cs1">Lees, P.; Pelligand, L.; Whiting, M.; Chambers, D.; Toutain, P-L.; Whitehead, M. L. (August 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5738587">"Comparison of veterinary drugs and veterinary homeopathy: part 1"</a>. The Veterinary Record. 181 (7): 170–176. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fvr.104278">10.1136/vr.104278</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0042-4900">0042-4900</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5738587">5738587</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28801498">28801498</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+Record&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+veterinary+drugs+and+veterinary+homeopathy%3A+part+1&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=170-176&rft.date=2017-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5738587%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0042-4900&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28801498&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fvr.104278&rft.aulast=Lees&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Pelligand%2C+L.&rft.au=Whiting%2C+M.&rft.au=Chambers%2C+D.&rft.au=Toutain%2C+P-L.&rft.au=Whitehead%2C+M.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5738587&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiteheadLeesToutain2018" class="citation journal cs1">Whitehead, M L; Lees, P; Toutain, P L (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329152074">"Veterinary homeopathy regulation in the UK – a cause for concern"</a>. Regulatory Rapporteur. 15: 21–25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Rapporteur&rft.atitle=Veterinary+homeopathy+regulation+in+the+UK+%E2%80%93+a+cause+for+concern.&rft.volume=15&rft.pages=21-25&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Whitehead&rft.aufirst=M+L&rft.au=Lees%2C+P&rft.au=Toutain%2C+P+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F329152074&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathieClausen2014" class="citation journal cs1">Mathie, RT; Clausen, J (October 18, 2014). "Veterinary homeopathy: systematic review of medical conditions studied by randomised placebo-controlled trials". The Veterinary Record. 175 (15): 373–81. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fvr.101767">10.1136/vr.101767</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25324413">25324413</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22894207">22894207</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+Record&rft.atitle=Veterinary+homeopathy%3A+systematic+review+of+medical+conditions+studied+by+randomised+placebo-controlled+trials&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=373-81&rft.date=2014-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A22894207%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25324413&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fvr.101767&rft.aulast=Mathie&rft.aufirst=RT&rft.au=Clausen%2C+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathieClausen2015" class="citation journal cs1">Mathie, RT; Clausen, J (September 15, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4570221">"Veterinary homeopathy: systematic review of medical conditions studied by randomised trials controlled by other than placebo"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BMC_Veterinary_Research" title="BMC Veterinary Research">BMC Veterinary Research</a>. 11: 236. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12917-015-0542-2">10.1186/s12917-015-0542-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4570221">4570221</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26371366">26371366</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Veterinary+Research&rft.atitle=Veterinary+homeopathy%3A+systematic+review+of+medical+conditions+studied+by+randomised+trials+controlled+by+other+than+placebo.&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=236&rft.date=2015-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4570221%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26371366&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs12917-015-0542-2&rft.aulast=Mathie&rft.aufirst=RT&rft.au=Clausen%2C+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4570221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoehringSundrum2016" class="citation journal cs1">Doehring, C.; Sundrum, A. (December 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5256414">"Efficacy of homeopathy in livestock according to peer-reviewed publications from 1981 to 2014"</a>. Veterinary Record. 179 (24): vetrec–2016–103779. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fvr.103779">10.1136/vr.103779</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2042-7670">2042-7670</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5256414">5256414</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27956476">27956476</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Record&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+homeopathy+in+livestock+according+to+peer-reviewed+publications+from+1981+to+2014&rft.volume=179&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=vetrec-2016-103779&rft.date=2016-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5256414%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2042-7670&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27956476&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fvr.103779&rft.aulast=Doehring&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Sundrum%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5256414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/alternative-pet-remedies-government-clampdown">"Alternative pet remedies: Government clampdown"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alternative+pet+remedies%3A+Government+clampdown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Falternative-pet-remedies-government-clampdown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BVA-295"><a href="#cite_ref-BVA_295-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bva.co.uk/News-campaigns-and-policy/Policy/Medicines/Veterinary-medicines/">"Veterinary medicines"</a>. British Veterinary Association. Retrieved January 5, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Veterinary+medicines&rft.pub=British+Veterinary+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bva.co.uk%2FNews-campaigns-and-policy%2FPolicy%2FMedicines%2FVeterinary-medicines%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AVA-296"><a href="#cite_ref-AVA_296-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150207080041/http://www.ava.com.au/12057">"Ineffective therapies"</a>. Australian veterinary association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ava.com.au/12057">the original</a> on February 7, 2015. Retrieved January 5, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ineffective+therapies&rft.pub=Australian+veterinary+association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ava.com.au%2F12057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeopathy" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Homeopathy" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Homeopathy">Homeopathy</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 Encyclopædia Britannica</a> article "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Homoeopathy" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Homoeopathy">Homoeopathy</a>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/homeopathy/">Homeopathy</a> (<a href="/wiki/NHS_Choices" class="mw-redirect" title="NHS Choices">NHS Choices</a>, UK)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Topics_in_homeopathy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Homeopathy" title="Template:Homeopathy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Homeopathy" title="Template talk:Homeopathy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Homeopathy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Homeopathy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Topics_in_homeopathy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics in <a class="mw-selflink selflink">homeopathy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Workbooks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Organon_of_the_Healing_Art" title="The Organon of the Healing Art">The Organon of the Healing Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeopathic_Materia_Medica" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeopathic Materia Medica">Homeopathic Materia Medica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fragmenta_de_viribus" title="Fragmenta de viribus">Fragmenta de viribus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Homeopaths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Boericke" title="William Boericke">William Boericke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_Maria_Franz_von_B%C3%B6nninghausen" title="Clemens Maria Franz von Bönninghausen">C. von Bönninghausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Clarke" title="John Henry Clarke">J. H. Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fisher_(physician)" title="Peter Fisher (physician)">Peter Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Gray" title="John Franklin Gray">John Franklin Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanie_Hahnemann" title="Mélanie Hahnemann">Mélanie Hahnemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hahnemann" title="Samuel Hahnemann">S. Hahnemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Julius_Hempel" title="Charles Julius Hempel">Charles Julius Hempel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Hering" title="Constantine Hering">Constantine Hering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Wright_Hubbard" title="Elizabeth Wright Hubbard">Elizabeth Wright Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Heinrich_Gottlieb_Jahr" class="mw-redirect" title="Georg Heinrich Gottlieb Jahr">Georg Heinrich Gottlieb Jahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tyler_Kent" title="James Tyler Kent">J. T. Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._B._Nash" title="E. B. Nash">E. B. Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Vithoulkas" title="George Vithoulkas">G. Vithoulkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Hervey_Foster_Quin" title="Frederic Hervey Foster Quin">Frederic Hervey Foster Quin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Beckley_Stearns" title="Guy Beckley Stearns">Guy Beckley Stearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Weir_(physician)" title="John Weir (physician)">John Weir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wyld" title="George Wyld">George Wyld</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ainsworths" title="Ainsworths">Ainsworths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiron" title="Boiron">Boiron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heel_(corporation)" title="Heel (corporation)">Heel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miralus_Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Miralus Healthcare">Miralus Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelsons_(Homeopathy)" title="Nelsons (Homeopathy)">Nelsons (Homeopathy)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_homeopathic_preparations" title="List of homeopathic preparations">Preparations (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeopathic_dilutions" title="Homeopathic dilutions">Homeopathic dilutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_dilution" title="Serial dilution">Serial dilution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Criticism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10:23_Campaign" title="10:23 Campaign">10:23 Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_and_prevalence_of_homeopathy" title="Regulation and prevalence of homeopathy">Regulation and prevalence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeoprophylaxis" title="Homeoprophylaxis">Homeoprophylaxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">Quackery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placebo" title="Placebo">Placebo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bach_flower_remedies" title="Bach flower remedies">Bach flower remedies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Benveniste" title="Jacques Benveniste">Jacques Benveniste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Luc Montagnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_memory" title="Water memory">Water memory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pseudoscience" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pseudoscience" title="Template:Pseudoscience"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pseudoscience" title="Template talk:Pseudoscience"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pseudoscience" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pseudoscience"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pseudoscience" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience" title="List of topics characterized as pseudoscience">List of topics characterized as pseudoscience</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_cult_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Cargo cult science">Cargo cult science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlatan" title="Charlatan">Charlatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crank_(person)" title="Crank (person)">Crank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_theory" title="Fringe theory">Fringe theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_science" title="Fringe science">Fringe science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoarchaeology" title="Pseudoarchaeology">Pseudoarchaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">Pseudohistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudomathematics" title="Pseudomathematics">Pseudomathematics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_science" title="Junk science">Junk science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathological_science" title="Pathological science">Pathological science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">Quackery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_oil" title="Snake oil">Snake oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superseded_theories_in_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Superseded theories in science">Superseded scientific theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True-believer_syndrome" title="True-believer syndrome">True-believer syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voodoo_Science" title="Voodoo Science">Voodoo Science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience" title="List of topics characterized as pseudoscience">Topics characterized as pseudoscience</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medicine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acupuncture" title="Acupuncture">Acupuncture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatherapy" title="Aromatherapy">Aromatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrenal_fatigue" title="Adrenal fatigue">Adrenal fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophic_medicine" title="Anthroposophic medicine">Anthroposophic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_kinesiology" title="Applied kinesiology">Applied kinesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bates_method" title="Bates method">Bates method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biorhythm_(pseudoscience)" title="Biorhythm (pseudoscience)">Biorhythms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloodletting" title="Bloodletting">Bloodletting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_memory" title="Body memory">Body memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiropractic" title="Chiropractic">Chiropractic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromotherapy" title="Chromotherapy">Chromotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correactology" title="Correactology">Correactology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryonics" title="Cryonics">Cryonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_healing" title="Crystal healing">Crystal healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupping_therapy" title="Cupping therapy">Cupping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detoxification_(alternative_medicine)" title="Detoxification (alternative medicine)">Detoxification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colon_cleansing" title="Colon cleansing">Colon cleansing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctrine_of_signatures" title="Doctrine of signatures">Doctrine of signatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doktor_Koster%27s_Antigaspills" title="Doktor Koster's Antigaspills">Doktor Koster's Antigaspills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_candling" title="Ear candling">Ear candling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_hypersensitivity" title="Electromagnetic hypersensitivity">Electromagnetic hypersensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_medicine" title="Energy medicine">Energy medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fad_diet" title="Fad diet">Fad diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FasciaBlaster" title="FasciaBlaster">FasciaBlaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germ_theory_denialism" title="Germ theory denialism">Germ theory denialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_denialism" title="HIV/AIDS denialism">HIV/AIDS denialism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Homeopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humorism" title="Humorism">Humorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridology" title="Iridology">Iridology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaky_gut_syndrome" title="Leaky gut syndrome">Leaky gut syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_effect" title="Lunar effect">Lunar effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrobiotic_diet" title="Macrobiotic diet">Macrobiotic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_therapy" title="Magnet therapy">Magnet therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Mineral_Supplement" title="Miracle Mineral Supplement">Miracle Mineral Supplement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturopathy" title="Naturopathy">Naturopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmistry" title="Palmistry">Palmistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchagavya" title="Panchagavya">Panchagavya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_medicine" title="Patent medicine">Patent medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrenology" title="Phrenology">Phrenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primal_therapy" title="Primal therapy">Primal therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radionics" title="Radionics">Radionics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki">Reiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">Traditional Chinese medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trepanning" title="Trepanning">Trepanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_subluxation" title="Vertebral subluxation">Vertebral subluxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine_syndrome" title="Wind turbine syndrome">Wind turbine syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_blood_transfusion" title="Young blood transfusion">Young blood transfusion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_phenomenon" title="2012 phenomenon">2012 phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_astronauts" title="Ancient astronauts">Ancient astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Salibi#Arabian_Judah_theory" title="Kamal Salibi">Arabian Judah theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophism" title="Catastrophism">Catastrophism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracy theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5G#Misinformation_and_controversy" title="5G">5G conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9/11_conspiracy_theories" title="9/11 conspiracy theories">9/11 conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemtrail_conspiracy_theory" title="Chemtrail conspiracy theory">Chemtrail conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">Climate change denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories" title="Moon landing conspiracy theories">Moon landing conspiracy theories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">Conversion therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation#Generational_theory" title="Generation">Generational theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Generationism" title="Generationism">Generationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strauss%E2%80%93Howe_generational_theory" title="Strauss–Howe generational theory">Strauss–Howe generational theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollow_Earth" title="Hollow Earth">Hollow Earth theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigo_children" title="Indigo children">Indigo children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japhetic_theory" title="Japhetic theory">Japhetic theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_archaeology" title="Nazi archaeology">Nazi archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibiru_cataclysm" title="Nibiru cataclysm">Nibiru cataclysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoarchaeology" title="Pseudoarchaeology">Pseudoarchaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">Pseudohistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_denial" title="Genocide denial">Genocide denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_negationism" title="Historical negationism">Historical negationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudolaw" title="Pseudolaw">Pseudolaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recovered-memory_therapy" title="Recovered-memory therapy">Recovered-memory therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Past_life_regression" title="Past life regression">Past life regression</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanin_theory" title="Melanin theory">Melanin theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myers%E2%80%93Briggs_Type_Indicator" title="Myers–Briggs Type Indicator">Myers–Briggs Type Indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enneagram_of_Personality" title="Enneagram of Personality">Enneagram of Personality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gravity" title="Anti-gravity">Anti-gravity‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_fusion" title="Cold fusion">Cold fusion‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faster-than-light" title="Faster-than-light">Faster-than-light travel</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_motion" title="Perpetual motion">Perpetual motion</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_mysticism" title="Quantum mysticism">Quantum mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionless_drive" title="Reactionless drive">Reactionless drive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dean_drive" title="Dean drive">Dean drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EmDrive" title="EmDrive">EMDrive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleportation" title="Teleportation">Teleportation‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tractor_beam" title="Tractor beam">Tractor beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water-fueled_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Water-fueled car">Water-fueled car</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_ape_hypothesis" title="Aquatic ape hypothesis">Aquatic ape hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodynamic_agriculture" title="Biodynamic agriculture">Biodynamic agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_transmutation" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological transmutation">Biological transmutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_science" title="Creation science">Creation science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptozoology" title="Cryptozoology">Cryptozoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianetics" title="Dianetics">Dianetics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auditing_(Scientology)" title="Auditing (Scientology)">Auditing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowsing" title="Dowsing">Dowsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voice_phenomenon" title="Electronic voice phenomenon">Electronic voice phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facilitated_communication" title="Facilitated communication">Facilitated communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_shui" title="Feng shui">Feng shui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_Earth" title="Flat Earth">Flat Earth theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphology" title="Graphology">Graphology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">Intelligent design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laundry_ball" title="Laundry ball">Laundry ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_attraction_(New_Thought)" title="Law of attraction (New Thought)">Law of attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levitation_(paranormal)" title="Levitation (paranormal)">Levitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysenkoism" title="Lysenkoism">Lysenkoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerology" title="Numerology">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgone" title="Orgone">Orgone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygraph" title="Polygraph">Polygraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscientific_metrology" title="Pseudoscientific metrology">Pseudoscientific metrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_prompting_method" title="Rapid prompting method">Rapid prompting method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statement_analysis" title="Statement analysis">Statement analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufology" title="Ufology">Ufology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_stress_analysis" title="Voice stress analysis">Voice stress analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_memory" title="Water memory">Water memory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Promoters of pseudoscience</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sucharit_Bhakdi" title="Sucharit Bhakdi">Sucharit Bhakdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Bigtree" title="Del Bigtree">Del Bigtree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_and_Grichka_Bogdanoff" title="Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff">Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Boisselier" title="Brigitte Boisselier">Brigitte Boisselier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhonda_Byrne" title="Rhonda Byrne">Rhonda Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charroux" title="Robert Charroux">Robert Charroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepak_Chopra" title="Deepak Chopra">Deepak Chopra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonaid" title="Clonaid">Clonaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Coleman" title="Vernon Coleman">Vernon Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_L._Donnelly" title="Ignatius L. Donnelly">Ignatius L. Donnelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia,_Inc." title="Gaia, Inc.">Gaia, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Gerson" title="Max Gerson">Max Gerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Gonzalez_(physician)" title="Nicholas Gonzalez (physician)">Nicholas Gonzalez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goop_(company)" title="Goop (company)">Goop (company)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Hancock" title="Graham Hancock">Graham Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Icke" title="David Icke">David Icke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Donald_Kelley" title="William Donald Kelley">William Donald Kelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corentin_Louis_Kervran" title="Corentin Louis Kervran">Corentin Louis Kervran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Light_(newspaper)" title="The Light (newspaper)">The Light (newspaper)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Lindell" title="Mike Lindell">Mike Lindell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_McCarthy" title="Jenny McCarthy">Jenny McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mercola" title="Joseph Mercola">Joseph Mercola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Mikovits" title="Judy Mikovits">Judy Mikovits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ayush" title="Ministry of Ayush">Ministry of Ayush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Morell" title="Theodor Morell">Theodor Morell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Alfred_Nieper" title="Hans Alfred Nieper">Hans Alfred Nieper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Oz" title="Mehmet Oz">Mehmet Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABl" title="Raël">Raël</a> (<a href="/wiki/Claude_Vorilhon" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Vorilhon">Claude Vorilhon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Starbuck" title="Robby Starbuck">Robby Starbuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_Stone" title="Randolph Stone">Randolph Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson" title="Paul Joseph Watson">Paul Joseph Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wakefield" title="Andrew Wakefield">Andrew Wakefield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogdanov_affair" title="Bogdanov affair">Bogdanov affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_pseudoscience" title="Bourgeois pseudoscience">Bourgeois pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demarcation_problem" title="Demarcation problem">Demarcation problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">Scientific method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppressed_research_in_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppressed research in the Soviet Union">Suppressed research in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cults_of_Unreason" title="Cults of Unreason">Cults of Unreason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Encyclopedia_of_Claims,_Frauds,_and_Hoaxes_of_the_Occult_and_Supernatural" title="An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural">An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fads_and_Fallacies_in_the_Name_of_Science" title="Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science">Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortean_Times" title="Fortean Times">Fortean Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Randi_Educational_Foundation" title="James Randi Educational Foundation">James Randi Educational Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackwatch" title="Quackwatch">Quackwatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Demon-Haunted_World" title="The Demon-Haunted World">The Demon-Haunted World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Natural_History_of_Quackery" class="mw-redirect" title="The Natural History of Quackery">The Natural History of Quackery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Psychology_of_the_Occult" title="The Psychology of the Occult">The Psychology of the Occult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ragged_Edge_of_Science" title="The Ragged Edge of Science">The Ragged Edge of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Skeptic_Encyclopedia_of_Pseudoscience" title="The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience">The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Skeptic%27s_Dictionary" title="The Skeptic's Dictionary">The Skeptic's Dictionary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81058#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81058#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81058#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4025783-6">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85061725">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11932026n">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11932026n">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00563390">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph120788&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4348736">Spain</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX524978">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007563070005171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/047878">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homeopathy&oldid=1260053306">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homeopathy&oldid=1260053306</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Homeopathy" title="Category:Homeopathy">Homeopathy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pseudoscience" title="Category:Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Obsolete_medical_theories" title="Category:Obsolete medical theories">Obsolete medical theories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1796_introductions" title="Category:1796 introductions">1796 introductions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Health_fraud" title="Category:Health fraud">Health fraud</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Greek-language text">Articles containing Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2011" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from March 2011">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from March 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Latin-language_sources_(la)" title="Category:CS1 Latin-language sources (la)">CS1 Latin-language sources (la)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:Articles with German-language sources (de)">Articles with German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_cite_court_with_unknown_parameters" title="Category:Pages using cite court with unknown parameters">Pages using cite court with unknown parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_pages_semi-protected_against_vandalism" title="Category:Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism">Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Oxford_spelling_from_September_2016" title="Category:Use Oxford spelling from September 2016">Use Oxford spelling from September 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_August_2017" title="Category:Use mdy dates from August 2017">Use mdy dates from August 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_February_2020" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from February 2020">Articles lacking reliable references from February 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 November 2024, at 15:58 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homeopathy&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-w5dxt","wgBackendResponseTime":178,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.303","walltime":"3.769","ppvisitednodes":{"value":20325,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":736390,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10656,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":15,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1161889,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3294.422 1 -total"," 62.12% 2046.636 1 Template:Reflist"," 19.48% 641.793 107 Template:Cite_journal"," 13.05% 429.911 57 Template:Cite_book"," 12.43% 409.546 92 Template:Cite_web"," 6.01% 198.081 44 Template:Cite_news"," 5.99% 197.315 2 Template:Multiref"," 4.19% 138.133 1 Template:Langx"," 4.07% 133.978 1 Template:Short_description"," 3.38% 111.404 1 Template:Alternative_medical_systems"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.136","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":28256946,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","360","16.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","320","14.4"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","220","9.9"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","160","7.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","160","7.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","4.5"],["type","80","3.6"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::unstripNoWiki","80","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","60","2.7"],["[others]","600","27.0"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-2v8f2","timestamp":"20241130105815","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Homeopathy","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Homeopathy","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q81058","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q81058","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-12-02T21:54:21Z","dateModified":"2024-11-28T15:58:16Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b5\/Saxonia_Museum_fuer_saechsische_Vaterlandskunde_III_19.jpg","headline":"system of pseudoscientific alternative medicine based on the doctrine of \"like cures like\""}</script> </body> </html>